Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ID:15471202.
Course:ENG335.
Semester:2018-2109.
Abstract
The translation method can not support most translators. The author opts for this methodology
because many translators use simply interpreting the texts to make the unparalleled relevance
of the texts unequivalent. Language change is a way to make the interpreter translate
accurately. This review, however, will provide the solution to "How we use translation shifts
when translating an article in culture”. The writer consults books and also the World wide web
in the context of these topics. She translated from English into Arabic an article on culture
called "The use of computer technology to help students with special needs". Instead, she
annotated the interpretation by focusing on the change in language. The analysis consists of
four chapters. It has a specific problem statement, for instance. When academics concentrate
on the issues and find remedies. And their goal is to find an identical language for the text
translator. Instead, chapter two (the literature review) includes more detail about the language
change. Next, Section Three (interpretation and annotation), which discusses the use of the
language change in english. Encompasses data gathering and analytics, as well as results.
Eventually, the interpretation and guide are found in Chapter 4
Acknowledgment
I'm grateful to Allah first and foremost.I want to give my special appreciation to my loving
parents for their support for me throughout my life, to the people who helped me to achieve
this and to my doctor who has advised me and my friends for about five years. In brief, I want
to thank my foreign language team at Nizwa University for helping me in my work.
Contents
Abstract 2
Acknowledgment 3
Chapter 1 4
Introduction 4
1.1Overview 4
1.4.1 Directionality: (From English to Arabic) as the investigator is an Arabic native speaker.
So, a change in the interpretation of the researcher is easy. 5
1.5 Readership: 5
Chapter 2 6
Literature Review 6
Translation shift 6
2.1 Overview 6
CHAPTER 3: Result . 9
3.1 Translation 9
3.2 Annotations 24
CHAPTER 4: 30
4.1 Conclusion: 30
4.2 Recommendations 31
Reference 32
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1Overview
This section focuses on the interpretation of investigators from different locations as
they search. We show various forms of improvement in interpretation. There are important
points to this chapter as the fundamental significance and history of the shift in translation.
Several of the questions will be explicitly answered. Firstly, the problem statement, which
indicates that the translator has some difficulties in beginning the process of translation,
particularly with the translation change. Furthermore, the research item must allow
translators to properly and appropriately translate from TL into Sl. Thirdly, since they
address the inspiration of the analyst, they have some advantage to prevent a problem they
have in this field. The fourth element is the study's context, which provides the report with
a range of reasons for interpreting. English into Arabic. The author also deals with
language changes and how we use text in description using the kind of translation shift..
Next, Methodology of the study. The investigation generates the type of text that is
translated by a translation shift
When some translators deal with a certain translation it loses its intended meaning. There's
many factors why translation changes are studied. The key thing is to have an error free
translation. As we know, therefore, every language has its own fundamental and particular
meanings, sentence structure and word choice. Text translations may therefore be a great
technique, so that text from language to language has an acceptable meaning
1.4.2 Text type: (Cultural message, usage of IT to support special needs for students)
1.4.3 Area: (Changes in translation) are split into stage changes and class shifts. Class shifts have been split
into four divisions: institutional, gender, group and process reform.
1.5 Readership:
This research is among the most essential techniques for avoiding challenges for translators.
Children will also develop their understanding of language differences.
Literature Review
Translation shift
2.1 Overview
In this paragraph, the author describes the method of the translation from the
understanding of the researcher. The author instead explicitly reads translation changes (four
kinds of translation changes are alluded to here).
If the researcher is closer to the original text, a number of shifts must definitely be found. These
changes are based on the grammar changes in Newmark (1988). Nonetheless, when the
researchers try to translate some form of journal-equivalent translation of source documents-
they have a fundamental problem.
While Snell-Hornby (1988: 14-15) says: "To locate TL language parallels is the core issue of
translation training." All interpreters are trying to generate text that is similar to the source text.
The changes in techniques of Catford (1965) are split into two types of linguistic shifts.
Linguistics therefore changes into ' level shifts ' and ' category shifts. ' In ALmanna (2000:141),
Catford quoted the following:
English: Education helps improve the survival of children and mothers ' health
The researcher shifts from one part of speech to another, from noun to verb.
English: Quickly
3.1 Translation
In this chapter, I will translate a text: "Use of Computer Technology to Help Students with
Special Needs from English into Arabic.
Thousands of kids all over the US can not take هناك الماليين من الطالب ال يستطيعون االستفادة الكاملة
full advantage of a normal system of education من برامج التعليم التقليدي في جميع أنحاء الواليات المتحدة
as they have limitations that affects their ability ألن لديهم إعاقة تحد قدرتهم على التفاعل في البيئة التفاعلية
to engage in the normal learning environment. وكما يمکن للتکنولوجيا مثل الکمبيوتر.للفصول الدراسية
Computer technologies can play a vital role for ليس.أن تلعب دورا هاما و بشکل خاص لهؤالء الطالب
these students. Digital innovation can not only واسعة مجموعات فقط تكنولوجيا الكمبيوتر وانما التاحة
help students with mild learning problems to من األنشطة التعليمية لتحقيق مجاالت مختلفة من
meet a broader range of educational needs, االحتياجات للطالب الذين يعانون من اضطرابات التعلم
Nevertheless, advanced technology exists today, وبالرغم من ذلك فاءن التكنولوجيا الحديثة الزالت،الخفيفة
which may also enable severely impaired موجودة مما يمكن لهؤالء الطالب ذوي اإلعاقة الشديدة ان
students and non-disabled students to gain يصبحوا متعلمين نشيطين في الفصول الدراسية بجانب
effective teachings in classrooms. أقرانهم القادرين.
The report gives a comprehensive detail of the
function digital innovation can play in
supporting learning in daily schools for children
with special needs. For example, digital
technology can help three million children, with يقدم هذا المقال لفتة عامة عن دور تكنولوجيا الكمبيوتر
their unique learning and emotional disorders, ودورة في تعزيز تعليم األطفال ذوي االحتياجات الخاصة
keep up despite their unspeakable peers for word يمكن، وعلى سبيل المثال.داخل الفصول الدراسية العادية
processing, interaction, science, and interactive ،استخدام تكنولوجيا الكمبيوتر لمعالجة النصوص
projects. ومشاريع الوسائط المتعددة التي، والبحوث،واالتصاالت
ثالثة ماليين من الطالب للحصول على تسهم في مساعدة
تعليم خاص ليمنحهم الشعور بالرضى مع أقرانهم غير
السليمين.
Software innovations have also facilitated the
creation of advanced devices to help two million
more severely disabled pupils navigate a wide
range of limitations, from language and hearing
loss to blindness and serious physical handicaps.
كما حسنت تكنولوجيا الحاسوب في تطوير األجهزة
Nonetheless, most educators are not sufficiently المتقدمة التي يمكن أن تساعد مليوني طالب من الذين
trained to successfully utilize software in their يعانون من إعاقات شديدة لتغلب على مجاالت واسعة من
classrooms and the affordability of technological القيود التي تعرقل المشاركة الصفية – مثل تدهور الكالم
equipment is of major concern to all learning والسمع و العمى واإلعاقات الجسدية الشديدة.
institutions.
There are still obstacles to inadequate training
and cost before widespread usage can become a
practice, while digital innovation has a capacity
to serve as a leveller by liberating many students فإن العديد من المعلمين غير مدربين تدريبا كافيا،ومع ذلك
from their handicaps. The youth of today will be على كيفية استخدام التكنولوجيا بشكل فعال في فصولهم
the first digital generation.” Ina digital و تعتبرتكلفة دراسة التكنولوجيا جيدة لجميع،الدراسية
community in a world which is changing rapidly المدارس.
becauseof the influx of new technology
innovations that are creating more and more
international connectivity to trade, interaction على الرغم من ذلك،فان تكنولوجيا الحاسوب تملك وهكذا
and culture القدرة على العمل بشكل مكافي من خالل تحرير العديد من
أوال يجب التغلب على حواجز،الطالب من إعاقاتهم
The drastic changes in recent decades led the التدريب في ان يكون غيرمؤهل والتكلفة قبل االستخدام على
presidential committee of advisors on science أطفال اليوم هم.نطاق ممتد يمكن أن تصبح حقيقة واقعية
and technology (2(and top government حيث يتم استخدامها في."الجيل األول في "العصر الرقمي
officials))(1)(to declare its duty to start preparing المجتمع الذي يتغيرسريعا وذلك نتيجة لتزايد التكنولوجيا
all students for use of technology to compete for الجديدة في جميع أنحاء العالم القائمة على الحاسوب والتي
the ever more complex technological workings ،توفر روابط أكثر انتشارا وأسرع في التجارة
of the public school system. والتواصل حضاره،واالتصاالت.
For typical students, many welcome the وقد دفعت تلك التغييرات الجذرية في لجنة المستشارين
integration of computerized technologies into الرئيسية المعنية بالعلم والتكنولوجيا التي حدثت على مدى
the classroom. Less people recognize that العقد الماضي، (1) مكتب التقييم التكنولوجي األمريكي،
computer technology can provide children with (2) ( والمسؤولين الحكوميين رفيعي المستوى3) وذكر
disabilities with great many benefits. ايضا بأن من واجب نظام المدارس العامة في إعداد جميع
الطالب واستخدام التكنولوجيا بطرق تسمح لهم بالتنافس في
مكان العمل التكنولوجي الذي يزداد تعقيدا.
This paper tends to focus on the role digital
technology can have in championing education
throughout the school environment to disabled
children. This starts with a description of various
impairment categories and specific needs for
kids, and a preliminary analysis of how
innovation can lead to fulfilling such criteria.
عادة ما يتفقون العديد من الناس على دمج التكنولوجيا
القائمة على الحاسوب المستخدمة في الفصول الدراسية
Another few comprehensive sections follow and كما يوجد العديد من الفوائد التي تقدمها التكنولوجيا.للطالب
explain how computer applications and القائمة على الحاسوب لألطفال ذوي اإلعاقة حسب
technologies enable students with disabilities to اعترافات االفراد.
be trained alongside non-disabled people in a
typical class. The final segment addresses
obstacles to a wider use of emerging technology
– hurdles that must be resolved if schools are to يركز هذا المقال على الدور الذي يمكن أن تلعبه تكنولوجيا
provide students with special needs the الكمبيوتر في تعزيز تعليم األطفال ذوي االحتياجات
opportunity to learn more efficiently in normal وتبدأ هذه الدراسة بإلقاء.الخاصة في الفصول الدراسية
school environments. نظرة عامة على أنواع مختلفة من اإلعاقات واالحتياجات
ومناقشة تمهيدية لكيفية مساهمة،الخاصة لألطفال
التكنولوجيا في تلبية تلك االحتياجات.
Special Needs Children — Who are they?
3.2 Annotations
I have converted the word ' into ' I have translated into ' array ' I transformed the word from
one to the other. Intra-system changes were needed. Catford (1965) stated in this regard, "A
shift that happens when a roughly matching system exists between the SL and the TL."
While computer technology has the capacity على الرغم من ذلك،فان تكنولوجيا الحاسوب تملك وهكذا
to function as a leveller by liberating many القدرة على العمل بشكل مكافي من خالل تحرير العديد من
learners from their disorders, it is important أوال يجب التغلب على حواجز،الطالب من إعاقاتهم
to defeat the hurdles of poor oversight and التدريب في ان يكون غيرمؤهل والتكلفة قبل االستخدام على
costs before wider use can be realized. نطاق ممتد يمكن أن تصبح حقيقة واقعية.
The conjunctival adverb (although) was transformed into (democratic phrase) (please note
that the sentence was taken). As transcription varies, the class shifts, the system changes.
Intra-system. The intra-system change should be omitted from the official correspondence.
Every framework in the SL has a different system in the TL that does not conform to the
system.
All cases take place in a shift in rank. To make it easy for the translators to speak Arabic. The
class shift is defined by Catford (1965) as "when a SL item is translated into a TL item of
another grammatical class.""
Here the "collaborative efforts" have been translated to "كما تسهم الجهود التعاونية. It involves a
systemic change from the English SV to the Arabic VS model. Catford(1965:77) mentions that
"The structure shifts in all rankings are one of the most frequent category translation shifts.
Another structure shift, which Catford provides details, is also in the" group ranking
"(1965:78).
For instance it is often said that the ease of ، خالي كثيرا ما يشير إلى سهولة انشاء نص وإنتاج نص
revision, the production of clean and readable من العيوب والقابل للقراءة والشعور بالتأليف كصفة
texts, and a sense of authority are attributes لمعالجة الكلمات التي تؤدي إلى تحسين الكتابة.
of word processors that lead to better writing.
There is a system change. In ST, the sentence verb is translated into a sentence which is one
word " "خالي من العيوبat the TT. This transition is informed by the past and the topic of the
ST. Translating "clean "into " "خالي من العيوبmight be the reason for misconstruction. Arabic
speakers may clarify why the clean languages are special since Arabic represents" من خالي
"العيوبdoes not relay the normal importance. So, the phrase " "خالي من العيوبis added for a
more understandable corresponding.
Source text Target text
The development of sophisticated devices تكنولوجيا الحاسوب في تطوير األجهزة كما حسنت
that can help over 2 million severely disabled المتقدمة التي يمكن أن تساعد مليوني طالب من الذين يعانون
students overcome a broad range of limits in من إعاقات شديدة لتغلب على مجاالت واسعة من القيود التي
their class – from expression and listening تعرقل المشاركة الصفية – مثل تدهور الكالم والسمع و
cognitive impairment to blindness as well as العمى واإلعاقات الجسدية الشديدة.
extreme physical impairments.
This switch is the intrasystem move as I alter tenses, I converted improved from past
to current. Intra-system shift is to get out from formal correspondence. There is one
system on the SL which has its translation equivalent to another non-corresponding
system on the TL.
Studies found that students were more likely وإجراء التعديالت الباحثين هم أكثر استعدادا لنشر اعمالهم
to edit and modify a word processor than a الضرورية على معالجة الكلمات
handwritten file. . من على مسودات بخط اليد
I transform the word (work) from singular to plural that involves changes between
TT and ST in the grammer. Therefore, the switch is strict. Catford (1965:77) mentions
"The category shifts in all rankings and are among the most common in translation."
" In "Group Ranks" another shift occurs as details are given by Catford. (1965:78).
CHAPTER 4:
4.1 Conclusion:
Finally, when it comes to translating a cultural article to Arabic from English, the
scholar selects the subject as the language shift. In the first place, the researcher notes that the
quality of the work submitted is abstract. These are four main research sections. The first
chapter contains a summary of the study, a statement of problems, the subject of the study, the
nature of the research, the research framework and the reading of information. Each issue deals
in detail with the study. Next, Chapter 2 is a literature analysis, in which scientists read more
about this field. In addition, a large number of information, opinions and ideas defend the
research paper. Instead, Chapter 3 is Traduction and annotations, authors interpret a social
article on "the use of digital technology to help students with special needs". Finally, the
collection and analysis of data is on chapter four.
4.2 Recommendations
My suggestion for translators is to improve their knowledge to interpret before any document
is interpreted.
3) To equate words between the language of origin and target language to adopt print, audio
and video networks.
Reference
Freeman, R 2009, ‘What is ‘Translation ‘?’ Evidence and Policy, vol 5, no, 4, pp.429-447.
Hosseini-Maasoum, M., & Shahbaiki, A. (2013). Translation shifts in the Persian translation
of a tale of two cities by Charles Dickens. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary
Studies, pp.391.
Publishing.