SOLID TUMORS

Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018

Cancer Incidence
Breast 46.3
Prostate 29.3
Lung 22.5
Colorectum 19.7
Cervix uteri 13.1
Stomach 11.1
Liver 9.3
Corpus uteri 8.4
Thyroid 6.7
Ovary 6.6

Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, India

Cancer Incidence
Breast 24.7
Cervix uteri 14.7
Lip, oral cavity 9.1
Ovary 5.5
Lung 5.4
Stomach 4.5
Colorectum 4.4
Prostate 4.4
Oesophagus 4.2
 Cancer Serum Based Biomarkers Tissue Based Biomarkers
Breast Cancer Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ER, PR,HER2, c-Erb B2, Ki67, p53
CA 15-3 (MUC1), CA 27.29,CA
125,s-HER2, CTCs, TPA, TPS,
CIFRA-21
Prostate Cancer tPSA PSA
Lung Cancer CEA, α-fetoprotein (AFP), ferritin, EGFR, KRAS, ROS1, ALK gene
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), rearrangements,BRAF, MET, RET,
ACTH, Creatine kinase (CK-BB), ERBB2 (HER2), PIK3CA, PDL1, CTL-4
calcitonin, CA 72-4, lipid-
associated sialic acid P (LASA-P),
TPA, CYFRA-21-1, AFP, CA-125,
CA-19.9, prolactin (PRL), CTCs
Colorectal CEA, CA19-9, CTCs p53, BRAF, KRAS, MSI, APC, MICRO-
Cancer (TIMP-1 is a novel serum RNA TP53,Loss of NDST4,Loss of
biomarker for the diagnosis of 18qLOH,Loss of PTEN, MMR
colorectal cancer)
Cervical The Pap test, CYFRA21-1, AG-4 p16INK4a/Ki-67dualimmunostaining,
Cancer antibodies, CA 125, CEA, TPA, methylation of CADM1gene,MAL and
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen viral integration,proliferating cell
(SCC-Ag). nuclear antigen (PCNA), HPV E6, HPV
(CTHRC1 as a novel biomarker in E7, MCM, CDC6
thediagnosis of cervical squamous
cell carcinoma)
Stomach CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, CA125, EGFR, VEGF, HER2, MET, E-cadherin,
Cancer CA24-2, CA50, α-fetoprotein PD-L1, PD-L2
(AFP), serum pepsinogens (PGs),
serum levels of trefoil factor 3
(TFF3), SLE, BCA-225, hCG
Liver Cancer α-fetoprotein (AFP), AFP-L3, Des- Glypican-3, heat shock protein 70, and
γ-carboxyprothrombin glutamine synthetase (GS), hepatocyte
(DCP),Glypican-3, CK-19, Golgi paraffin 1 (HepPar-1), arginase-1,
protein 73 (GP73), Osteopontin CD10, polyclonal carcinoembryonic
 (OPN), Midkine (MDK), SCCA, antigen (pCEA), GPC3, and bile salt
glutamine synthase (GS), Annexin export pump (BSEP), Tumor-associated
A2,Circulating microRNAs, glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), Ki-67
fibroblast growth factor 3/4 antigen
(FGF3/4), Long non-coding RNAs
(lncRNAs), circulating tumor cells
(CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA)
Endometrial MiRNA, VEGF, CA125 PTEN, KRAS, P53, HER2/NEU, ER, PR
cancer
Thyroid Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Cancer 2, MMP9, vascular endothelial (PCNA), chemokine receptor CXCR4,
growth factor (VEGF)-C, E- phosphatase and tensin homolog
cadherin,angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), (PTEN), peroxisome proliferator-
cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), activated receptor gamma (PPARγ),C-
Thyroglobulin, Calcitonin myc, pituitary tumor-transforming gene
(medullary carcinoma), tissue (PTTG), Hector Battifora mesothelial-1
inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (HBME-1), p16, p53, fragile histidine
(TIMP-1), chitinase 3 like-1 (YKL- triad (FHIT), basic fibroblast growth
40), galectin-3 (GAL-3) factor (bFGF) and human telomerase
reverse transcriptase (hTERT), Galectin-
3 (GAL-3)
Ovarian Cancer CA-125, AFP, CEA, HE4, OVA1 BRCA1, EGFR, p53, KRAS,MicroRNAs
screening test, Mesothelin, (miRNAs)
Kallikrein related Peptidases
(KLKs), Bikunin, Osteopontin
(OPN), VEGF, Risk of Ovarian
Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA),
ApoA1, Vascular cell adhesion
molecules 1 (VCAM-1)