Running head: TITLE OF THE PAPER 1

Title of the Paper

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation
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1. What does the term IMViC mean?

"IMViC" means one of these tests. "I" is for indolence; "M" is for methyl red; "V" is for

Voges-Proskauer, and "C" is for citrate, lowercase "i" is added to facilitate pronunciation.

IMViC is an acronym meaning four different tests.

2. Why is the IMViC useful in identifying Enterobacteriaceae? Are further biochemical

tests necessary for complete identification?

IMViC is very useful for the characterization of Enterobacteriaceae, in particular when

performed in combination with urease, as it integrates four tests: indol production test, methyl

red test, Voges-Proskauer test and citrate production test, which detect above all the presence of

gram-negative enterobacteriaceae bacteria. Tests such as Oxidase, ONPG and Urease can be

used to complete the characterization.

3. What diagnostic test differentiates Proteus and Providencia species from

otherEnterobacteriaceae?

TSI agar. The Proteus and Providence species produce an alkaline tilt and an acid butt,

while other enteric bacteria produce an acid tilt and an acid and gas tilt on the butt (Brooks, et al.,

2012) and a urea test, which detects organisms capable of hydrolyzing urea to produce carbon

dioxide and ammonia.

4. How is E. coli distinguished from P. vulgaris on MacConkey agar? On a TSI

slant? TE. coli are microorganisms that ferment lactose, so in MacConey agar the colonies turn

pink, and since P. Vulgaris is not a lactose fermenter, they show no pigment. In a TSI, black

precipitates inclined from E. coli will be seen as a consequence of the production of H2S by E.

coli, while P. Vulgaris is a negative production of H2S, so no black precipitates will be observed

(Bauman et al.,2014).
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5. Why is it important to differentiate glucose nonfermenters from Enterobacteriaceae

Because non-fermenters are more resistant to common antimicrobial agents.

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References

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https://microbeonline.com/triple-sugar-iron-agar-tsi-principle-procedure-and-interpretation/
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