凱莎琳﹒曼斯菲爾的「故上校的女見們 J 一主題與架構 271

K盯HERINE MANSFIELD'S ‘'THE DAUGHTERS OF

THE LATE COLONEL"-THEME AND STRUCTURE

Yung-chuan Chang

張永傳

The themes of Katherine Mansfield's short stories, based directly on her experiences ,
are quite restricted in scope ,a nd hardly exceed half a dozen in number. l Of these themes ,
ranging from “ the women alone in the world" to “ the happy marriage relationship
between man and woman ," the theme of the dame seule , or the woman alone , is the most
recurrent. As Antony Al pers points out , of the eight stories Mansfield wrote at the Villa
Isole Bella, five , inclooing “世Ie Daughters of the La te Colonel," were variations on her
dame seule theme , and two (“Poison" and “ The Stranger") were portrayals of solitude in
m訂riage. 2
“ The Daughters of the Late Colonel" is a story about the effect of the death of the
father on his two daughters , Josephine and Constantia. Or to be exact , it is about the
domination of the father exerted on his two daughterseven after his death , which renders
them lonely and pitifully helpless. In the story , the father-daughter bond , Gordon points
out, has persisted tilllife without the parent becomes impossible. 3
“ Th e Daughters of the Late Colonel" consists of twelve episodes. At first reading ,
the story gives the impression of being plotless. In fact , it was even misunderstood by
readers as drab. In her letter to William Gerhardi , dated June 23 , 1921 , Mansfield wrote ,
“ While I was writing that story I lived for it but when it was finished , I confess I hoped
very much that my readers would understand what I was trying to express. But very few
did. . . . they thought it was ‘drab.' ,, 4 But a careful reading of the story will show that

1. Ian A. Gordon , Katherine Mansfield , (London: Longmans , Green , 1955) , p. 19.

2. Antony Alpers , The Life of Kather iJz e Mansfield , (Oxford: Oxford University Press , 1982), p. 327.
3. Gordon , Katherine Mans.βeld， p. 20.
4. Katherine Mansfield , Letters and Journals (ed. C. K. Stead) (Harmondsworth: Penguin , 198 1), p.
224.
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 凱莎琳﹒曼斯菲爾的「故上校的女見們 1 一主題與架構 275

take more cake is compensated by his belated agreement--in the beginning he is not even
sure-to his aunts' conviction that their brother Benny , Cyril's father , is keenly fond of
meringues. For “ They didn't only beam. Aunt Josephine went scarlet with pleasure;
Auntie Con gave it deep , deep sigh." (GP p. 108) What trivial things can give joy to these
two pitiful, lonely women! and how meagre their sociallife is!
訂閱 two sisters live in the past memories and are no more concerned with the
flowing bf t加Ie. Th ey ignore time , they reject time; to them time is not a reality:

Constantia was still gazing at the clock. She couldn't make up her mind if
it was fast or slow. It was one or the other , she felt almost certain of tha t.
At any rate , it had been. (GP p. 108)

Despite the attachment felt by the daughters toward their father, the communica-
tion between Josephine and the old Colonel is quite difficult, which is symbolized by the
deafness of the old father , who cannot hear what Josephine says, and when finally they
succeed in communicating, the daughter finds her feeling toward Benny's preference for
meringues as recalled by Cyril totally different from her father's: Josephine cherishes it,
while her father considers it an “ esstrordinary thing" by which he means nonsensica l.
Episodes Ten and Eleven are structurally parallel to Episodes Two and Three. In
Episodes Two and Three , Nurse Andrews, the source of nuisance to the two daughters ,
nevertheless , exerts some power on them which they cannot shake off, because the effect
of their father is too strong. In Episodes Ten and Eleven , the two sisters talk about
whether they shall keep Kate , the housekeeper , or not, now that “ There's not father
to cook for ," but again the indecision makes it difficult for them to take a已tion against
her. (GP pp. 113-4)

“ Isn't it curious, Jug ," said she ,“that just on this one subject I've never
been able to quite make up my mind?" (GP p. 11 月

By “ just on this one subject," ironically Josephine means all the subjects she has
to handle all the time. “ You come , Jug, and decide. I really can' t. It 's difficult ," (GP p.
114) echoes the equally helpless Constantia.
Typical of Mansfield's' technique is her narration of the plight of the characters in
the story in a subtle way. In reply to Constantia's question as to what they should live
on after they discharge Kate , Josephine says that they wi11 live on eggs in various forms
and all the cooked foods. (GP p. 113) They are unable to do cooking beyond cooking
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 凱莎琳﹒曼斯菲爾的「故上校的女見們」一主題與架構 277

the pitiful loneliness, helplessness, fear, doubt and indecision of the two daughters who
are constantly under the domination of their dead father , who is the source of affection
and fea r.
Indeed, as Al pers says,“ The Daughters of the La te Colonel" is the masterpiece of
love and pity- and of technique. 8

8. Alpers , The Life of Katherine Mansfield, p. 323.

278 教學與研究第六期

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alpers, Antony. The Life of Katherine Mansfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Baldeshwiler, Eileen. “ Katherine Mansfield's Theory of Fiction," Studies in Short Fiction ,

7 (Summer 1970), 421-32.

Berkman, Sylvia. Katherine Mans.β eld: A Critical Study. New Haven: Vale University
Press , 195 1.

Gordon , Ian A. Katherine Mansfield. London: Longmans , Green , 1954.

Mansfield , Katherine. The Garden Party and Other Stories. Harmondsworth: Penguin ,
198 1.

. Letters and Journals. Harmondsworth: Penguin , 1981.

Wright, Celeste T. “ Katherine Mansfield's Father Image," University of California Publica-

tions, English Studies No. 11 , 1955.