FINANCIAL PROBLEM AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 10

STUDENTS IN MAYDOLONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

S.Y. 2017-2018

By:

Sandee Niña Viktoria Apura

Russel Jhon Dañas

Ericka Mae Bano

Kate Maeriel Lagria

Jose Charles Lira

A Research Proposal

In partial Fulfilment for the Subject Research II

Under the Supervision of Mr. Marvin Lavado

March 2018
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this poverty laden community, financial problems abound in most Grade 10

students in Maydolong National High School. Its effect to the said students is huge that it

affects their overall performance in school and their eventual success to finish high school.

Though there is no tuition for every students studying at public high schools, there is that

incidental expenses, such as projects and some obligatory contribution to the school. Even

foods and clothing for the family is a big burden to students came from poor families.

“Poverty must not be a bar to learning, and learning must be an escape from

poverty.” These words were spoken by President Lyndon B. Johnson in his “Great Society”

speech of 1964 (Johnson, 1963-64). This idea, and many others expressed in his great

society speech, have greatly influenced and continue to shape the way the policymakers

look at financial aid for higher education. Overall the higher education participation rate

since the 1960’s has increased dramatically, with 24.4% of the population age 25 or older

having a bachelor’s degree or more in 2000 compared to just 7.7% in 1960 (US Census

Bureau, 2006).

The purpose of this study is to examine how the financial problem influence Grade

10 students’ academic performance. This study focus most of Grade 10 students at

Maydolong National High School including all the selected Grade 10 students with

financial problems. The researchers in this study will determine the students’ academic

performance by checking their current rank in their respective classrooms.

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Objectives of the Study

This study will attempt to determine the relationship between financial problem and

academic performance of Grade 10 students in MNHS S.Y. 2017-2018. This study will

attempt to answer the following:

1. How do respondents distribute themselves as to:

A. Sex

B. Section

C. Age

D. Economic Status

2. What are the categories of Financial Problem of the students?

A. Unemployment of Parents

B. Income Deficit

C. Not a member in any Livelihood Program/Organization of the Government

3. What is the academic performance of Grade 10 students?

4. What is the relationship of Financial Problem and Academic Performance to Grade

10 Students?

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Significance of the study

The results of this study will be a great help to the students, teachers,
administrators and the Government of DepEd.
To the students, it will help them to develop their potential, be motivated and
have courage to learn more.
To the teachers, it will make their teaching easier and effective.
To the school administrators and Government of DepEd, it will help them
decide to decrease expenses for the students.

Null Hypothesis of the Study

Based from the problems posed for this study, the following null-hypothesis

will be tested:

1. There is no significant relationship between the Financial Status and Academic

performance of Grade 10 students in MNHS S.Y 2017-2018.

2. There is no significant relationship between the sex and academic performance of

Grade 10 students in MNHS S.Y 2017-2018.

3. There is no significant relationship between the ages and Academic performance

of Grade 10 students in MNHS S.Y 2017-2018.

4. There is no significant relationship between the section taken by the Grade 10

students in MNHS and their Academic Performance S.Y 2017-2018.

5. There is no significant relationship between the economic status of Grade 10

students in MNHS and their Academic Performance S.Y 2017-2018.

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Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the relationship between financial problem and academic

performance of Grade 10 students in Maydolong National High School this will be

conducted at Maydolong National High School campus. This research will let the students

(who are having financial problem) to voluntarily talk between the problem. The target

respondents of the researchers are the Grade 10 students. This study will also help the

Grade 10 students in Maydolong National High School to discern how financial problem

relates to their academic performance.

This study is limited to study the Grade 10 students in Maydolong National High

School enrolled in S.Y. 2017-2018. The researchers will give questionnaires to the selected

Grade 10 students from different section to avoid bias.

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Definition of Terms

 Bias (Conceptual) – Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group

compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

 Financial Problem (Operational) – lack of money, insufficient budget.

 Laden (Conceptual) - Heavily loaded or weighed down.

 Social Media (Conceptual) – Collective of online communications channels

dedicated to community-based input, interaction, content-gathering and

collaboration.

 Tuition (Conceptual) – money that is paid to a school for the right to study there.

 Undergraduate (Conceptual) – a student at a college or university who has not yet

earned a degree.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Many researchers discussed the different factors that affects the students’ academic

performance, it is viewed as the device of the students’ rank in their class. Lots of students

use social media to study but it can also affect their financial status because they also spend

money in buying load.

Finance has been identified as one of the major challenge to educational

achievement and development for both individuals and the society at large (E. I. Dang and

E. J. Bulus 2015). Haverman and Wolf (1995) found that children achievement depends on

the social invest in them, in terms of parental investment in children; and the choices that

children make, given the investments in, and opportunities available to them.

Galiher (2006) and Darling (2005), used GPA (grade point average) to measure

students’ research performance because their main focus is on the student performance for

the particular semester. Pedrosa, Dachs, Maia, Andrade and Carvalho (2006), were able to

find out that students coming from disadvantage backgrounds, (educational and

socioeconomic), have a higher relative performance that their counterparts. This can be

considered as a phenomenon which the authors named “educational resilience”.

Some other researchers use test results on previous year result since they are

studying performance for the specific subject or year (Hijazi and Naqui, 2006 and Make,

1998).

6
 According to Sander (2012), he was able to note that Many Americans are caught

up in the economic downturn, and college students are often worried about money, this

financial worry may affect their academic performance, due to divided attention. When

they are concern about the availability of learning material, as well as their daily upkeep in

school.

Dubey (1984), asserted that “child’s academic achievement supposed to be

determined by the child”, incidentally, the child’s performance today in school depend on

how much attention he earns from his parent, the nature of school, the environment and

peer group influence among others. For now it is common too common to find out that

children who belong to the family of high socio-economic background would do better in

academic achievement. Satisfying the child’s basic needs such as books, (text and notes),

cloths, transportation, feeding among others would give such child the confidence to

perform better, comparing with a child from the family of low socioeconomic background

who would find it hard to cope without such basic necessities may result in poor

performance even though not in all cases.

Hill et al., (2004) also argued that the financial status of parents do not only affect

the academic performance of the child, but also makes it impossible for the child to

compete with his counterpart from high financial status under the same academic

environment.

Research studies shows that students’ performance depends on many factors such

as Learning Facilities, Gender, and Age differences, etc. that can affect student

performance (Hansen Joe B. 2000).

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 Woolfolk (2004) supports by arguing that because low socioeconomic status

students may wear old clothes, speak in dialect or be less familiar with books and school

activities, teachers and other students may assume that those students are not bright and

teachers may avoid calling them to answer questions in the classroom to protect them from

embarrassment of giving wrong response. This makes these students less attentive and do

not concentrate on what is being taught, and in the end, they come to believe that they are

not very good at schoolwork. This situation makes them perform poorly in the subjects and

sometimes drop out from school because they are affected psychologically.

One of the reasons is having an unemployed parents. As we all know, having an

unemployed parents can be a burden to the family. It can be hard for the students to buy

things they need in school. Your family’s low income. This reason can be hard for their

parents to buy things they need in school because they’ll prioritize first your family’s basic

needs.

And lastly, students’ financial problem affects their academic performance, their

encouragement to learn lots of things as well as their future. Financial problem is a

challenge to some students these days. Some students don’t want to go to school because

their parents did not give them allowance. Some students don’t go to school to help their

parents on their jobs. Some of them become a working student just to sustain their basic

needs and to help their family.

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Conceptual Framework

Financial Problem

Unemployed Family’s Low Lack of Support

Parents Income from Parents

Academic Performance

In this conceptual framework, we used this diagram to show you the reasons on

how financial problem affects academic performance of the students.

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 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods to be used in this study, procedures in data

gathering, respondents of the study, research instruments, and the statistical treatment of

data used in this study.

Research Design

The researchers uses descriptive correlational research for this study. This design

enable the researcher to observe two or more variable at the point in time and was useful

for describing a relationship between two or more variables (Breakwell, Hammond & Fife-

Schaw, 1995). Descriptive research is suitable to this study for it describes the condition

of the academic performance of Grade 10 students in Maydolong National High School.

The researchers will be using survey method which is under the descriptive research. This

method enables the researchers to get information about their respondents.

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Respondents of the Study

The target respondents of the researchers are the Grade 10 students in Maydolong

National High School S.Y. 2017-2018. Eligibility criteria specify the characteristics that

people in the population must possess in order to be included in the study (Pilot & Hungler

1999:278). The researchers picked 50 students out of 206 students from different sections

in Grade 10 Maydolong NHS. In every section, the researchers picked 10. These students

will remain anonymous.

Sampling Technique

The researchers used Purposive Sampling to select their respondents. They picked

50 students that has financial problem in Grade 10.

Instrumentation

Data collection instruments refer to devices used to collect data such as

questionnaires, tests, structured interviews, schedules, and checklists (Seaman 1991:42).

Pilot and Hungler (1997:466) define a questionnaire as “a method of gathering information

from respondents about attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and feelings.” The questionnaire was

designed by the researchers to gather information about the respondents’ knowledge,

status, and attitudes. There researchers prepared 11 questions for the respondents to answer.

This will help the researchers to have more information about their respondents.

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Research Locale

This study was conducted in Maydolong National High School Campus and is

located at Barangay 04, Maydolong Eastern Samar.

Data Collection

Pilot and Hungler (1999:267) define data as “information obtained during the

course of an investigation or study.” In this study, the researchers are going to use

questionnaires to acquire data that are relevant to the research’s objectives. The purpose of

this study is to examine why the students fail in their academic performance by having

financial problem in their family. The researchers will take 10 student (5 boys, 5 girls) per

section that will participate in the study. The researchers would also get the GPA (1st

quarter to 3rd quarter) of the respondents they selected. The researchers will try to

talk/approach some Grade 10 students. The Qualitative Data Collection will be used in this

study. The researchers will use it to examine the behavior, perspective, and experience of

the target students.

Data Analysis

Demographic data is to be provided for the sample count and percentage after the

demographic data is computed. The researchers would also conduct a correlational analysis

to know the relationship between the different survey questions and each of the questions

related to Financial Problem and Academic Performance. Results in both analysis will be

tabulated and concluded thoroughly with justified reasoning.

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References

• Breakwell, Hammond & Fife-Schaw, 1995

• Darling (2005) and Galiher (2006), 2012, Global Journals Inc.

• Dubey (1984)

• E.I. Dang and E.J. Bulus (2015)

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/284551946

• Hansen, Joe B. (2000), 2012, Global Journals Inc.

• Haverman , R., & Wolf B. (1995). The determinants of children attainments: A

review of methods and findings. Journal of Economic Literature

• Hijazi and Naqui (2006) & Hake (1998)

• Hill et al., (2004)

• Johnson, 1963-64

• Journal of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Volume 7, Number 2, 2015

• Pedrosa, Dachs, Maia, Andrade and Carvalho (2006)

• Polit & Hungler

• Sander (2012)

• Seaman 1991:42

• US Census Bureau, 2006

• Woolfolk (2004)

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 CHAPTER IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

The data that were collected by the researchers using the survey questionnaires

will be presented in this chapter.

Description of the Sample

Fifty Grade 10 students enrolled in the year of 2017-2018 in Maydolong National

High School were chosen as the respondents for this study.

Response Rate of the Questionnaires

Fifty survey questionnaires were given to the respondents, but only forty-eight

were given back while 2 were not returned. This represented 96% and 4% of the sample

respectedly.

Research Questions

Research Question 1

The information presented in this section pertains to Research Question 1:

How do respondents distribute themselves as to:

A. Sex

B. Section

C. Age

D. Economic Status

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 Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents’ Sex
Sex Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 27 56.25 %

Female 21 43.75 %

Total 48 100 %

Table 1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents

according to their sex. This table shows that there are 27 male (56.25 %) and 21 female

(43.75 %) students.

Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents’ Age

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

14 yrs. old 1 2.08 %

15 yrs. old 8 16.67 %

16 yrs. old 27 56.25 %

17 yrs. old 8 16.67 %

18 yrs. old 2 4.17 %

19 yrs. Old 2 4.17 %

Total 48 100 %

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 Table 2.1
Age

Mean 16.125

Standard Deviation 0.95927721017308

Table 2 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents

according to their age. The table shows that the respondents were dominated by those

who are 14 years old and with a total number of 1 or 2.08 percent; 8 or 16.67 percent for

the age of 15; 27 or 56.25 percent for the age of 16; 8 or 16.67 percent for the age of 17

and 2 or 4.17 percent for the age of 18 and 19.

Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents’ Section

Section Frequency Percentage (%)

STE 10 20.83 %

Diamond 9 18.75 %

Amethyst 10 20.83 %

Ruby 10 20.83 %

Jade 9 18.75 %

Total 48 100 %

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Research Question 2

The information presented in this section pertains to Research Question 2:

What are the categories of Financial Problem of the students?

A. Unemployment of Parents

B. Income Deficit

C. Not a member in any Livelihood Program/Organization of the Government

Table 4. Unemployment of parents

Unemployment of Parents Frequency Percentage %

Yes 26 54.17 %

No 22 45.83 %

Total 48 100 %

Table 4 shows that there are 26 (54.17 %) students who answered Yes and 22 (45.83

%) students who answered No in the question “Are your parents employed?”.

Table 5. Income deficit

Income Deficit Frequency Percentage %

Yes 26 54.17 %

No 22 45.83 %

Total 48 100 %

Table 5 shows that there are 26 (54.17 %) students who answered Yes and 22
(45.83 %) students who answered No in the question “Are you having a problem with
your family’s finance?”

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 Table 6. Not a member in any livelihood program/organization of the
government
Not a member in any Frequency Percentage %
livelihood program
Yes 19 39.58 %

No 29 60.417 %

Total 48 100 %

Table 6 shows that there are 19 (39.58%) students who answered Yes and 29
(60.417%) students who answered No in the question “Aside from your parents, is there
anyone who also support your needs in school?

Research Question 3

The information presented in this section pertains to Research Question 3:

What is the academic performance of Grade 10 students?

Table 7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents’ General

Average for 3rd Quarter.
3rd Quarter Frequency Percentage (%)
90-100 13 27.08 %
(Outstanding)
85-89 9 18.75 %
(Very Satisfactory)
80-84 20 41.67 %
(Satisfactory)
75-79 5 10.42 %
(Fairly Satisfactory)
Below 75 1 2.08 %
(Did Not Meet
Expectation)
Total 48 100 %

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 Table 7.1
3rd Quarter

Mean 85.4553125

Std. Deviation 5.29217356366224

Research Question 4

The information presented in this section pertains to Research Question 4:

What is the relationship of Financial Problem and Academic Performance to Grade

10 Students?

Table 8.
Average in 3rd Quarter Score

Average in 3rd Quarter 1

Score 0.156195361701032 1

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