3–43.

Determine the magnitude and direction of the force P z

required to keep the concurrent force system in
equilibrium.
(–1.5 m, 3 m, 3 m)
P

F2 = 0.75 kN
120°
y
SOLUTION F3 = 0.5 kN 60°
45°
Cartesian Vector Notation:
F1 = 2 kN
F1 = 25cos 45°i + cos 60°j + cos 120°k6 kN = 51.414i + 1.00j - 1.00k6 kN x

- 1.5i + 3j + 3k
F2 = 0.75 ¢ ≤ = 5- 0.250i + 0.50j + 0.50k6 kN
21 -1.522 + 32 + 32
F3 = 5- 0.50j6 kN

P = Px i + Py j + Pz k

Equations of Equilibrium:

©F = 0; F1 + F2 + F3 + P = 0

1Px + 1.414 - 0.2502 i + 1Py + 1.00 + 0.50 - 0.502 j + 1Pz - 1.00 + 0.502 k = 0

Equating i, j, and k components, we have

Px + 1.414 - 0.250 = 0 Px = -1.164 kN

Py + 1.00 + 0.50 - 0.50 = 0 Py = - 1.00 kN

Pz - 1.00 + 0.50 = 0 Pz = 0.500 kN

The magnitude of P is

P = 2P2x + P2y + P2z

= 21 - 1.16422 + 1 - 1.0022 + 10.50022

= 1.614 kN = 1.61 kN Ans.

The coordinate direction angles are

Px - 1.164
a = cos-1 ¢ ≤ = cos-1 a b = 136° Ans.
P 1.614
Py - 1.00
b = cos-1 = cos-1 = 128° Ans.
P 1.614

Pz 0.500
g = cos-1 = cos-1 = 72.0° Ans.
P 1.614
*3–44.

If cable AB is subjected to a tension of 700 N, determine the z

tension in cables AC and AD and the magnitude of the
vertical force F. F

6m 2m
D
C
SOLUTION 3m
1.5 m
y
Cartesian Vector Notation: O
6m 2m
2i + 3j - 6k
FAB = 700 ¢ ≤ = 5200i + 300j - 600k6 N
222 + 32 + 1- 622
3m B
x
- 1.5i + 2j - 6k
FAC = FAC ¢ ≤ = - 0.2308FACi + 0.3077FACj - 0.9231FACk
21 -1.522 + 22 + 1 - 622
- 3i - 6j - 6k
FAD = FAD ¢ ≤ = - 0.3333FADi - 0.6667FADj - 0.6667FADk
21 -322 + 1- 622 + 1 - 622
F = Fk

Equations of Equilibrium:

©F = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + F = 0

1200 - 0.2308FAC - 0.3333FAD2i + 1300 + 0.3077FAC - 0.6667FAD2j

+ 1- 600 - 0.9231FAC - 0.6667FAD + F2k = 0

Equating i, j, and k components, we have

200 - 0.2308FAC - 0.3333FAD = 0 (1)

300 + 0.3077FAC - 0.6667FAD = 0 (2)

- 600 - 0.9231FAC - 0.6667FAD + F = 0 (3)

Solving Eqs. (1), (2) and (3) yields

FAC = 130 N FAD = 510 N F = 1060 N = 1.06 kN Ans.

3–45.

Determine the magnitudes of F1, F2, and F3 for equilibrium z

of the particle. F3

30⬚ F2
F1 5
3
4
y
60⬚
SOLUTION
30⬚
F1 = F1{cos 60°i + sin 60°k}
x
= {0.5F1i + 0.8660F1k} N 800 N

3 4
F2 = F2 { i - j}
5 5

= { 0.6F2 i - 0.8F2 j} N

F3 = F3 {- cos 30°i - sin 30°j}

{- 0.8660F3 i - 0.5F3 j } N

©Fx = 0; 0.5F1 + 0.6F2 - 0.8660F3 = 0

©Fy = 0; - 0.8F2 - 0.5F3 + 800 sin 30° = 0

©Fz = 0; 0.8660F1 - 800 cos 30° = 0

F1 = 800 N Ans.

F2 = 147 N Ans.

F3 = 564 N Ans.
3–46.

If the bucket and its contents have a total weight of 20 lb, z

determine the force in the supporting cables DA, DB,
and DC.
2.5 ft
C

4.5 ft

3 ft
A
SOLUTION
3 1.5 3 y
uDA = { i - j + k}
4.5 4.5 4.5 B 1.5 ft
3 ft
1.5 1 3 D
uDC = {- i + j + k} 1.5 ft
3.5 3.5 3.5

3 1.5
©Fx = 0; F - F = 0
4.5 DA 3.5 DC x

1.5 1
©Fy = 0; - FDA - FDB + FDC = 0
4.5 3.5

3 3
©Fz = 0; F + F - 20 = 0
4.5 DA 3.5 DC

FDA = 10.0 lb Ans.

FDB = 1.11 lb Ans.

FDC = 15.6 lb Ans.

3–47.

Determine the stretch in each of the two springs required to z

hold the 20-kg crate in the equilibrium position shown. C
Each spring has an unstretched length of 2 m and a stiffness
of k = 300 N>m.

B
A
12 m
O
SOLUTION
y
x 4m 6m
Cartesian Vector Notation:

6i + 4j + 12k 3 2 6
FOC = FOC ¢ ≤ = FOCi + FOCj + FOCk
262 + 4 2 + 12 2 7 7 7

FOA = -FOA j FOB = -FOB i

F = {-196.2k} N

Equations of Equilibrium:

©F = 0; FOC + FOA + FOB + F = 0

a FOC - FOB b i + a FOC - FOA bj + a FOC - 196.2 bk = 0

3 2 6
7 7 7

Equating i, j, and k components, we have

3
F - FOB = 0 (1)
7 OC

2
F - FOA = 0 (2)
7 OC

6
FOC - 196.2 = 0 (3)
7

Solving Eqs. (1),(2) and (3) yields

FOC = 228.9 N FOB = 98.1 N FOA = 65.4 N

F
Spring Elongation: Using spring formula, Eq. 3–2, the spring elongation is s = .
k

98.1
sOB = = 0.327 m = 327 mm Ans.
300

65.4
sOA = = 0.218 m = 218 mm Ans.
300
*3–48.
z
If the balloon is subjected to a net uplift force of F = 800 N,
determine the tension developed in ropes AB, AC, AD. F

A
6m

1.5 m

SOLUTION 2m
B
C 2m
Force Vectors: We can express each of the forces on the free-body diagram shown in D
Fig. (a) in Cartesian vector form as 3m y
2.5 m
x
(- 1.5 - 0)i + ( -2 - 0)j + ( - 6 - 0)k 3 4 12
FAB = FAB C S = - F i - F j - F k
2(- 1.5 - 0) + (- 2 - 0) + ( - 6 - 0)
2 2 2 13 AB 13 AB 13 AB

(2 - 0)i + ( - 3 - 0)j + ( -6 - 0)k 2 3 6

FAC = FAC C S = F i - FAC j - FAC k
2(2 - 0) + (- 3 - 0) + (- 6 - 0)
2 2 2 7 AC 7 7

(0 - 0)i + (2.5 - 0)j + ( - 6 - 0)k 5 12

FAD = FAD C S = F j - F k
2(0 - 0) + (2.5 - 0) + (- 6 - 0)
2 2 2 13 AD 13 AD

W = {800k}N

Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires

g F = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + W = 0

3 4 12 2 3 6 5 12
¢- F i - F j - F k ≤ + ¢ FAC i - FAC j - FAC k ≤ + ¢ FAD j - F k ≤ + 800 k = 0
13 AB 13 AB 13 AB 7 7 7 13 13 AD

3 2 4 3 5 12 6 12
¢- F + FAC ≤ i + ¢ - F - FAC - F ≤j + ¢ - F - FAC - F + 800 ≤ k = 0
13 AB 7 13 AB 7 13 AD 13 AB 7 13 AD

Equating the i, j, and k components yields

3 2
- F + FAC = 0 (1)
13 AB 7
4 3 5
- FAB - FAC + F = 0 (2)
13 7 13 AD
12 6 12
- F - FAC - F + 800 = 0 (3)
13 AB 7 13 AD

Solving Eqs. (1) through (3) yields

FAC = 203 N Ans.

FAB = 251 N Ans.

FAD = 427 N Ans.

3–49. z

If each one of the ropes will break when it is subjected to a F

tensile force of 450 N, determine the maximum uplift force
F the balloon can have before one of the ropes breaks.

A
6m

1.5 m

2m
B
SOLUTION C 2m
D
3m y
Force Vectors: We can express each of the forces on the free-body diagram shown in
2.5 m
Fig. a in Cartesian vector form as x

(- 1.5 - 0)i + ( -2 - 0)j + ( - 6 - 0)k 3 4 12

FAB = FAB C S = - F i- F j - F k
2( - 1.5 - 0) + (- 2 - 0) + ( - 6 - 0)
2 2 2 13 AB 13 AB 13 AB

(2 - 0)i + ( - 3 - 0)j + ( -6 - 0)k 2 3 6

FAC = FAC C S = F i - FAC j - FAC k
2(2 - 0) + (- 3 - 0) + (- 6 - 0)
2 2 2 7 AC 7 7

(0 - 0)i + (2.5 - 0)j + ( - 6 - 0)k 5 12

FAD = FAD C S = F j - F k
2(0 - 0) + (2.5 - 0) + (- 6 - 0)
2 2 2 13 AD 13 AD

F=Fk

Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires

gF = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + F = 0

3 4 12 2 3 6 5 12
¢- F i - F j - F k ≤ + ¢ FAC i - FAC j - FAC k ≤ + ¢ FAD j - F k ≤ + Fk = 0
13 AB 13 AB 13 AB 7 7 7 13 13 AD

3 2 4 3 5 12 6 12
¢- F + FAC ≤ i + ¢ - F - FAC + F ≤j + ¢ - F - FAC - F + F≤k = 0
13 AB 7 13 AB 7 13 AD 13 AB 7 13 AD

Equating the i, j, and k components yields

3 2
- F + FAC = 0 (1)
13 AB 7
4 3 5
- F - FAC + F = 0 (2)
13 AB 7 13 AD
12 6 12
- FAB - FAC - F + F = 0 (3)
13 7 13 AD

Assume that cord AD will break first. Substituting FAD = 450 N into Eqs. (2) and (3)
and solving Eqs. (1) through (3), yields

FAB = 264.71 N
FAC = 213.8 N
F = 842.99 N = 843 N Ans.

Since FAC = 213.8 N 6 450 N and FAB = 264.71 N 6 450 N, our assumption is
correct.
■3–50.

The lamp has a mass of 15 kg and is supported by a pole AO z

and cables AB and AC. If the force in the pole acts along
1.5 m
its axis, determine the forces in AO, AB, and AC for A B
equilibrium.

4m

O C y
SOLUTION
2m
6m 1.5 m
2 1.5 6
FAO = FAO { i - j + k} N
6.5 6.5 6.5 1.5 m

6 3 6
FAB = FAB { - i + j - k} N
9 9 9

2 3 6 x
FAC = FAC { - i + j - k} N
7 7 7

W = 15(9.81)k = { -147.15k} N

©Fx = 0; 0.3077FAO - 0.6667FAB - 0.2857FAC = 0

©Fy = 0; - 0.2308FAO + 0.3333FAB + 0.4286FAC = 0

©Fz = 0; 0.9231FAO - 0.667FAB - 0.8571FAC - 147.15 = 0

FAO = 319 N Ans.

FAB = 110 N Ans.

FAC = 85.8 N Ans.

3–51.

Cables AB and AC can sustain a maximum tension of 500 N, z

and the pole can support a maximum compression of 300 N.
1.5 m
Determine the maximum weight of the lamp that can be A B
supported in the position shown. The force in the pole acts
along the axis of the pole.
4m

O C y
SOLUTION
2m
2 1.5 6 6m 1.5 m
FAO = FAO { i - j + k} N
6.5 6.5 6.5 1.5 m
6 3 6
FAB = FAB {- i + j - k } N
9 9 9
2 3 6
FAC = FAC {- i + j - k } N
7 7 7
x
W = {Wk} N
2 6 2
©Fx = 0; F - FAB - FAC = 0
6.5 AO 9 7
1.5 3 3
©Fy = 0; - F + FAB + FAC = 0
6.5 AO 9 7
6 6 6
©Fz = 0; F - FAB - FAC - W = 0
6.5 AO 9 7
1) Assume FAB = 500 N
2 6 2
FAO - (500) - FAC = 0
6.5 9 7
1.5 3 3
- F + (500) + FAC = 0
6.5 AO 9 7
6 6 6
F - (500) - F - W = 0
6.5 AO 9 7 AC
Solving,
FAO = 1444.444 N 7 300 N (N . G!)
FAC = 388.889 N
W = 666.667 N
2) Assume FAC = 500 N
2 6 2
F - F - (500) = 0
6.5 AO 9 AB 7
1.5 3 3
- F + FAB + (500) = 0
6.5 AO 9 7
6 6 6
F - F - (500) - W = 0
6.5 AO 9 AB 7
Solving,
FAO = 1857.143 N 7 300 N (N . G!)
FAB = 642.857 N 7 500 N (N . G!)
3) Assume FAO = 300 N
2 6 2
(300) - F - F = 0
6.5 9 AB 7 AC
1.5 3 3
- (300) + FAB + FAC = 0
6.5 9 7
6 6 6
(300) - F - F - W = 0
6.5 9 AB 7 AC
Solving,
FAC = 80.8 N
FAB = 104 N
W = 138 N Ans.
*3–52.

The 50-kg pot is supported from A by the three cables. z

Determine the force acting in each cable for equilibrium.
Take d = 2.5 m.
2m 2m

C D
3m

SOLUTION 6m
A
Cartesian Vector Notation: y
B

6i + 2.5k 12 5 6m
FAB = FAB ¢ ≤ = F i+ F k
26 + 2.5
2 2 13 AB 13 AB d

- 6i - 2j + 3k 6 2 3 x
FAC = FAC ¢ ≤ = - FAC i - FAC j + FAC k
2(- 6) + ( -2) + 3
2 2 2 7 7 7

- 6i + 2j + 3k 6 2 3
FAD = FAD ¢ ≤ = - FAD i + FAD j + FAD k
2(-6)2 + 22 + 32 7 7 7

F = {-490.5k} N

Equations of Equilibrium:

©F = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + F = 0

a FAB - FAC - FAD bi + a - FAC + FAD b j

12 6 6 2 2
13 7 7 7 7

+a FAB + FAC + FAD - 490.5 bk = 0

5 3 3
13 7 7
Equating i, j, and k components, we have

12 6 6
F - F - F = 0 (1)
13 AB 7 AC 7 AD
2 2
- FAC + FAD = 0 (2)
7 7
5 3 3
F + F + F - 490.5 = 0 (3)
13 AB 7 AC 7 AD
Solving Eqs. (1), (2) and (3) yields

FAC = FAD = 312 N

FAB = 580 N Ans.

3–53.

Determine the height d of cable AB so that the force in z

cables AD and AC is one-half as great as the force in cable
AB. What is the force in each cable for this case? The flower
2m 2m
pot has a mass of 50 kg.
C D
3m

SOLUTION 6m
A
Cartesian Vector Notation: y
B
FAB = (FAB)x i + (FAB)y k 6m
d
FAB - 6i - 2j + 3k 3 1 3
FAC = ¢ ≤ = - FABi - FAB j + F k
2 2(- 6)2 + ( -2)2 + 32 7 7 14 AB x

FAB -6i + 2j + 3k 3 1 3
FAD = ¢ ≤ = - FABi + FAB j + FAB k
2 2(- 6) + 2 + 3
2 2 2 7 7 14

F = { -490.5k} N

Equations of Equilibrium:

©F = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + F = 0

a (FAB)x - FAB - FAB b i + a - FAB + FAB bj

3 3 1 1
7 7 7 7

+ a (FAB)z +
3 3
F + F - 490.5b k = 0
14 AB 14 AB
Equating i, j, and k components, we have
3 3 6
(FAB)x - FAB - FAB = 0 (FAB)x = F (1)
7 7 7 AB
1 1
- FAB + FAB = 0 (Satisfied!)
7 7
3 3 3
(FAB)z + F + F - 490.5 = 0 (FAB)z = 490.5 - F (2)
14 AB 14 AB 7 AB
However, F2AB = (FAB)2x + (FAB)2z, then substitute Eqs. (1) and (2) into this
expression yields
2 2
F2AB = a FAB b + a 490.5 - FAB b
6 3
7 7
Solving for positive root, we have

FAB = 519.79 N = 520 N Ans.

1
Thus, FAC = FAD = (519.79) = 260 N Ans.
2
Also,
6
(FAB)x = (519.79) = 445.53 N
7
3
(FAB)z = 490.5 - (519.79) = 267.73 N
7
(FAB)z
u = tan - 1 c d = tan - 1 a b = 31.00°
267.73
then,
(FAB)x 445.53
d = 6 tan u = 6 tan 31.00° = 3.61 m Ans.
3–54. z
2 ft
Determine the tension developed in cables AB and AC and
the force developed along strut AD for equilibrium of the 2 ft
400-lb crate.
B
C
4 ft

5.5 ft A

SOLUTION D 2.5 ft
Force Vectors: We can express each of the forces on the free-body diagram shown in 6 ft
x
Fig. a in Cartesian vector form as
y

(- 2 - 0)i + (- 6 - 0)j + (1.5 - 0)k 4 12 3

FAB = FAB C S = - FAB i - FAB j + FAB k
2(- 2 - 0)2 + ( - 6 - 0)2 + (1.5 - 0)2 13 13 13

(2 - 0)i + (- 6 - 0)j + (3 - 0)k 2 6 3

FAC = FAC C S = F i - FAC j + FAC k
2(2 - 0)2 + (- 6 - 0)2 + (3 - 0)2 7 AC 7 7

(0 - 0)i + [0 - ( - 6)]j + [0 - ( - 2.5)]k 12 5

FAD = FAD C S = F j + F k
2(0 - 0)2 + [0 - ( -6)]2 + (0 - ( -2.5)]2 13 AD 13 AD

W = {- 400k} lb

Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires

g F = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + W = 0

4 12 3 2 6 3 12 5
¢- FAB i - FAB j + FAB k ≤ + ¢ FAC i - FAC j + FAC k ≤ + ¢ FAD j + F k ≤ + ( -400 k) = 0
13 13 13 7 7 7 13 13 AD
4 2 12 6 12 3 3 5
¢- F + FAC ≤ i + ¢ - FAB - FAC + F ≤ j + ¢ FAB + FAC + F - 400 ≤ k = 0
13 AB 7 13 7 13 AD 13 7 13 AD

Equating the i, j, and k components yields

4 2
- F + FAC = 0 (1)
13 AB 7
12 6 12
- FAB - FAC + F = 0 (2)
13 7 13 AD
3 3 5
F + FAC + F - 400 = 0 (3)
13 AB 7 13 AD

Solving Eqs. (1) through (3) yields

FAB = 274 lb Ans.

FAC = 295 lb Ans.
FAD = 547 lb Ans.
3–55. z
2 ft
If the tension developed in each of the cables cannot
exceed 300 lb, determine the largest weight of the crate that 2 ft
can be supported. Also, what is the force developed along
B
strut AD? C
4 ft

5.5 ft A

SOLUTION D 2.5 ft
Force Vectors: We can express each of the forces on the free-body diagram 6 ft
x
shown in Fig. a in Cartesian vector form as
y

(- 2 - 0)i + (- 6 - 0)j + (1.5 - 0)k 4 12 3

FAB = FAB C S = - F i - F j + F k
2(- 2 - 0) + ( - 6 - 0) + (1.5 - 0)
2 2 2 13 AB 13 AB 13 AB

(2 - 0)i + ( - 6 - 0)j + (3 - 0)k 2 6 3

FAC = FAC C S = F i - FAC j + FAC k
2(2 - 0) + (- 6 - 0) + (3 - 0)
2 2 2 7 AC 7 7

(0 - 0)i + [0 - ( - 6)]j + [0 - ( - 2.5)]k 12 5

FAD = FAD C S = F j + F k
2(0 - 0) + [0 - ( -6)] + [0 - (- 2.5)]
2 2 2 13 AD 13 AD

W = - Wk

Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires

g F = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + W = 0

4 12 3 2 6 3 12 5
¢- F i - F j + F k ≤ + ¢ FAC i - FAC j + FAC k ≤ + ¢ FAD j + F k ≤ + ( -Wk) = 0
13 AB 13 AB 13 AB 7 7 7 13 13 AD
4 2 12 6 12 3 3 5
¢- F + FAC ≤ i + ¢- FAB - FAC + F ≤ j + ¢ FAB + FAC + F - W≤k = 0
13 AB 7 13 7 13 AD 13 7 13 AD

Equating the i, j, and k components yields

4 2
- F + FAC = 0
13 AB 7 (1)
12 6 12
- F - FAC + F = 0
13 AB 7 13 AD (2)
3 3 5
FAB + FAC + F - W = 0
13 7 13 AD (3)

Let us assume that cable AC achieves maximum tension first. Substituting

FAC = 300 lb into Eqs. (1) through (3) and solving, yields

FAB = 278.57 lb
FAD = 557 lb W = 407 lb Ans.

Since FAB = 278.57 lb 6 300 lb, our assumption is correct.

*3–60.

The 800-lb cylinder is supported by three chains as shown. z

Determine the force in each chain for equilibrium. Take
d = 1 ft.
B
D 135 1 ft
y
90 135
C

SOLUTION
d
-1j + 1k
FAD = FAD £ ≥ = - 0.7071FADj + 0.7071FADk x
2( - 1)2 + 12

A
1i + 1k
FAC = FAC £ ≥ = 0.7071FACi + 0.7071FACk
212 + 12

- 0.7071i + 0.7071j + 1k
FAB = FAB ¢ ≤
2( -0.7071)2 + 0.70712 + 12
= -0.5FAB i + 0.5FAB j + 0.7071FAB k

F = {-800k} lb

©F = 0; FAD + FAC + FAB + F = 0

( - 0.7071FADj + 0.7071FADk) + (0.7071FACi + 0.7071FACk)

+ (- 0.5FAB i + 0.5FAB j + 0.7071FAB k) + (- 800k) = 0

(0.7071FAC - 0.5FAB) i + ( -0 .7071FAD + 0.5FAB)j

+ (0.7071FAD + 0.7071FAC + 0.7071FAB - 800) k = 0

©Fx = 0; 0.7071FAC - 0.5FAB = 0 (1)

©Fy = 0; -0.7071FAD + 0.5FAB = 0 (2)

©Fz = 0; 0.7071FAD + 0.7071FAC + 0.7071FAB - 800 = 0 (3)

Solving Eqs. (1), (2), and (3) yields:

FAB = 469 lb FAC = FAD = 331 lb Ans.

3–61. z

If cable AD is tightened by a turnbuckle and develops a

tension of 1300 lb, determine the tension developed in A
cables AB and AC and the force developed along the
antenna tower AE at point A. 30 ft

C 10 ft
10 ft
B E
15 ft D 15 ft
12.5 ft y
SOLUTION x

Force Vectors: We can express each of the forces on the free-body diagram shown in
Fig. a in Cartesian vector form as

(10 - 0)i + ( -15 - 0)j + ( - 30 - 0)k 2 3 6

FAB = FAB C S = FAB i - FAB j - FAB k
2(10 - 0) + ( - 15 - 0) + (- 30 - 0)
2 2 2 7 7 7

(- 15 - 0)i + ( - 10 - 0)j + ( -30 - 0)k 3 2 6

FAC = FAC C S = - FAC i - FAC j - FAC k
2(- 15 - 0)2 + ( - 10 - 0)2 + ( - 30 - 0)2 7 7 7

(0 - 0)i + (12.5 - 0)j + ( - 30 - 0)k

FAD = FAD C S = {500j - 1200k} lb
2(0 - 0)2 + (12.5 - 0)2 + (- 30 - 0)2

FAE = FAE k

Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires

g F = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + FAE = 0

2 3 6 3 2 6
¢ FAB i - FAB j - FAB k ≤ + ¢- FAC i - FAC j - FAC k ≤ + (500j - 1200k) + FAE k = 0
7 7 7 7 7 7
2 3 3 2 6 6
¢ FAB - F ≤ i + ¢- FAB - FAC + 500 ≤ j + ¢ - FAB - FAC + FAE - 1200 ≤ k = 0
7 7 AC 7 7 7 7

Equating the i, j, and k components yields

2 3
F - FAC = 0 (1)
7 AB 7
3 2
- FAB - FAC + 500 = 0 (2)
7 7
6 6
- FAB - FAC + FAE - 1200 = 0 (3)
7 7

Solving Eqs. (1) through (3) yields

FAB = 808 lb Ans.

FAC = 538 lb Ans.
FAE = 2354 lb = 2.35 kip Ans.
3–62. z

If the tension developed in either cable AB or AC cannot

exceed 1000 lb, determine the maximum tension that can A
be developed in cable AD when it is tightened by the
turnbuckle. Also, what is the force developed along the 30 ft
antenna tower at point A?

C 10 ft
10 ft
B E
15 ft D 15 ft
SOLUTION 12.5 ft y
x
Force Vectors: We can express each of the forces on the free-body diagram shown in
Fig. a in Cartesian vector form as

(10 - 0)i + ( -15 - 0)j + ( - 30 - 0)k 2 3 6

FAB = FAB C S = F i - FAB j - FAB k
2(10 - 0)2 + ( - 15 - 0)2 + (- 30 - 0)2 7 AB 7 7

(-15 - 0)i + ( - 10 - 0)j + ( -30 - 0)k 3 2 6

FAC = FAC C S = - FAC i - FAC j - FAC k
2(- 15 - 0) + ( - 10 - 0) + ( - 30 - 0)
2 2 7 2 7 7

(0 - 0)i + (12.5 - 0)j + ( -30 - 0)k 5 12

FAD = F C S = Fj - Fk
2(0 - 0) + (12.5 - 0) + ( - 30 - 0)
2 2 2 13 13

FAE = FAE k

Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires

g F = 0; FAB + FAC + FAD + FAE = 0

2 3 6 3 2 6 5 12
¢ FAB i - F j - FAB k ≤ + ¢ - FAC i - FAC j - FAC k ≤ + ¢ Fj - F k ≤ + FAE k = 0
7 7 AB 7 7 7 7 13 13
2 3 3 2 5 6 6 12
¢ FAB - F ≤ i + ¢ - FAB - FAC + F ≤ j + ¢ - FAB - FAC - F + FAE ≤ k = 0
7 7 AC 7 7 13 7 7 13

Equating the i, j, and k components yields

2 3
FAB - FAC = 0 (1)
7 7
3 2 5
- FAB - FAC + F = 0 (2)
7 7 13
6 6 12
- FAB - FAC - F + FAE = 0 (3)
7 7 13

Let us assume that cable AB achieves maximum tension first. Substituting

FAB = 1000 lb into Eqs. (1) through (3) and solving yields

FAC = 666.67 lb
FAE = 2914 lb = 2.91 kip F = 1610 lb = 1.61 kip Ans.

Since FAC = 666.67 lb 6 1000 lb, our assumption is correct.

3–63.

The thin ring can be adjusted vertically between three z

equally long cables from which the 100-kg chandelier is
suspended. If the ring remains in the horizontal plane and 0.5 m
z = 600 mm, determine the tension in each cable. C
120 120
D 120
B y
x

SOLUTION z
A
Geometry: Referring to the geometry of the free-body diagram shown in Fig. a,
the lengths of cables AB, AC, and AD are all l = 20.52 + 0.62 = 20.61 m

Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires

0.5 cos 30° 0.5 cos 30°

©Fx = 0; FAD ¢ ≤ - FAC ¢ ≤ = 0 FAD = FAC = F
20.61 20.61

0.5 0.5 sin 30°

©Fy = 0; FAB ¢ ≤ - 2BF¢ ≤R = 0 FAB = F
20.61 20.61

Thus, cables AB, AC, and AD all develop the same tension.

0.6
©Fz = 0; 3F ¢ ≤ - 100(9.81) = 0
20.61

FAB = FAC = FAD = 426 N Ans.

*3–64.

The thin ring can be adjusted vertically between three z

equally long cables from which the 100-kg chandelier is
suspended. If the ring remains in the horizontal plane and 0.5 m
the tension in each cable is not allowed to exceed 1 kN, C
determine the smallest allowable distance z required for 120 120
equilibrium. D 120
B y
x

SOLUTION z
A
Geometry: Referring to the geometry of the free-body diagram shown in Fig. a,
the lengths of cables AB, AC, and AD are all l = 20.52 + z2.

Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires

0.5 cos 30° 0.5 cos 30°

©Fx = 0; FAD £ ≥ - FAC £ ≥ = 0 FAD = FAC = F
20.5 + z
2 2
20.52 + z2

0.5 0.5 sin 30°

©Fy = 0; FAB £ ≥ - 2C F£ ≥S = 0 FAB = F
20.5 + z
2 2
20.52 + z2

Thus, cables AB, AC, and AD all develop the same tension.

z
©Fz = 0; 3F £ ≥ - 100(9.81) = 0
20.52 + z2

Cables AB, AC, and AD will also achieve maximum tension simultaneously.
Substituting F = 1000 N, we obtain

z
3(1000) £ ≥ - 100(9.81) = 0
20.52 + z2

z = 0.1730 m = 173 mm Ans.

3–65.

The 80-lb chandelier is supported by three wires as shown. z

Determine the force in each wire for equilibrium.

135⬚ B
1 ft
D 1 ft
90⬚ 135⬚
1 ft

SOLUTION 2.4 ft

1 1
©Fx = 0; F - F cos 45° = 0
2.6 AC 2.6 AB

1 1
©Fy = 0; - F + F sin 45° = 0 y
2.6 AD 2.6 AB A

2.4 2.4 2.4

©Fz = 0; F + F + F - 80 = 0
2.6 AC 2.6 AD 2.6 AB
x
Solving,

FAB = 35.9 lb Ans.

FAC = FAD = 25.4 lb Ans.

3–66.

If each wire can sustain a maximum tension of 120 lb before z

it fails, determine the greatest weight of the chandelier the
wires will support in the position shown.
135⬚ B
1 ft
D 1 ft
90⬚ 135⬚
1 ft

SOLUTION 2.4 ft

1 1
©Fx = 0; F - F cos 45° = 0 (1)
2.6 AC 2.6 AB

1 1
©Fy = 0; - F + F sin 45° = 0 (2) y
2.6 AD 2.6 AB A

2.4 2.4 2.4

©Fz = 0; F + F + F - W = 0 (3)
2.6 AC 2.6 AD 2.6 AB
x
Assume FAC = 120 lb. From Eq. (1)

1 1
(120) - F cos 45° = 0
2.6 2.6 AB

FAB = 169.71 7 120 lb (N . G!)

Assume FAB = 120 lb. From Eqs. (1) and (2)

1 1
F - (120)(cos 45°) = 0
2.6 AC 2.6

FAC = 84.853 lb 6 120 lb (O. K!)

1 1
- F + (120) sin 45° = 0
2.6 AD 2.6

FAD = 84.853 lb 6 120 lb (O. K!)

Thus,

2.4
W = (F + FAD + FAB) = 267.42 = 267 lb Ans.
2.6 AC
■3–67.

The 80-lb ball is suspended from the horizontal ring using 1.5 ft 1.5 ft
three springs each having an unstretched length of 1.5 ft and
stiffness of 50 lb/ft. Determine the vertical distance h from
the ring to point A for equilibrium. 120°
120°
120°

h
SOLUTION
Equation of Equilibrium: This problem can be easily solved if one realizes that due
to symmetry all springs are subjected to a same tensile force of Fsp. Summing forces
along z axis yields A

©Fz = 0; 3Fsp cos g - 80 = 0 (1)

Spring Force: Applying Eq. 3−2, we have

Fsp = ks = k1l - l02 = 50 a

1.5 75
- 1.5b = - 75 (2)
sin g sin g

Substituting Eq. (2) into (1) yields

3a
75
- 75b cos g - 80 = 0
sin g

11 - sin g2
45
tan g =
16

Solving by trial and error, we have

g = 42.4425°

Geometry:

1.5 1.5
h = = = 1.64 ft Ans.
tan g tan 42.4425°
4–127.

The tube supports the four parallel forces. Determine the z

magnitudes of forces FC and FD acting at C and D so that FD
the equivalent resultant force of the force system acts
through the midpoint O of the tube. 600 N
D
FC
A

400 mm 500 N
O C
SOLUTION
Since the resultant force passes through point O, the resultant moment components 400 mm 200 mm
x z
about x and y axes are both zero. B 200 mm y

©Mx = 0; FD(0.4) + 600(0.4) - FC(0.4) - 500(0.4) = 0

FC - FD = 100 (1)

©My = 0; 500(0.2) + 600(0.2) - FC(0.2) - FD(0.2) = 0

FC + FD = 1100 (2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields:

FC = 600 N FD = 500 N Ans.

*4–128.

Three parallel bolting forces act on the circular plate. z

Determine the resultant force, and specify its location (x, z)
on the plate. FA = 200 lb, FB = 100 lb, and FC = 400 lb.

C FC

1.5 ft

45
SOLUTION 30
x
A y
Equivalent Force: B FA
FB

FR = ©Fy; -FR = - 400 - 200 - 100

FR = 700 lb Ans.

Location of Resultant Force:

MRx = ©Mx; 700(z) = 400(1.5) - 200(1.5 sin 45°) - 100(1.5 sin 30°)

z = 0.447 ft Ans.

MRz = ©Mz; - 700(x) = 200(1.5 cos 45°) - 100(1.5 cos 30°)

x = - 0.117 ft Ans.
4–129.

The three parallel bolting forces act on the circular plate. If z

the force at A has a magnitude of FA = 200 lb, determine the
magnitudes of FB and FC so that the resultant force FR of the
system has a line of action that coincides with the y axis. Hint:
This requires ©Mx = 0 and ©Mz = 0. C FC

1.5 ft

45
SOLUTION 30
x
A y
Since FR coincides with y axis, MRx = MRy = 0. B
FB FA

MRz = ©Mz; 0 = 200(1.5 cos 45°) - FB (1.5 cos 30°)

FB = 163.30 lb = 163 lb Ans.

Using the result FB = 163.30 lb,

MRx = ©Mx; 0 = FC (1.5) - 200(1.5 sin 45°) - 163.30(1.5 sin 30°)

FC = 223 lb Ans.
4–130.

The building slab is subjected to four parallel column z

loadings. Determine the equivalent resultant force and
specify its location (x, y) on the slab. Take F1 = 30 kN,
F2 = 40 kN. 50 kN F1
20 kN

F2

4m y
3m
SOLUTION x
8m 6m

+ c FR = ©Fz; FR = - 20 - 50 - 30 - 40 = -140 kN = 140 kN T Ans. 2m

(MR)x = ©Mx; -140y = -50(3) - 30(11) - 40(13)

y = 7.14 m Ans.

(MR)y = ©My; 140x = 50(4)+ 20(10) + 40(10)

x = 5.71 m Ans.
4–131.

The building slab is subjected to four parallel column z

loadings. Determine the equivalent resultant force and
specify its location (x, y) on the slab. Take F1 = 20 kN,
F2 = 50 kN.
20 kN 50 kN F1

F2

4m y
SOLUTION 3m
x
8m 6m
+ TFR = ©Fz; FR = 20 + 50 + 20 + 50 = 140 kN Ans. 2m

MR y = ©My; 140(x) = (50)(4) + 20(10) + 50(10)

x = 6.43 m Ans.

MR x = ©Mx; - 140(y) = -(50)(3) - 20(11) - 50(13)

y = 7.29 m Ans.
*4–132.

If FA = 40 kN and FB = 35 kN, determine the magnitude z

of the resultant force and specify the location of its point of
application (x, y) on the slab.
30 kN
0.75 m 90 kN
FB 2.5 m
20 kN
2.5 m
0.75 m
0.75 m FA
y

SOLUTION x 3m
3m
Equivalent Resultant Force: By equating the sum of the forces along the z axis to
0.75 m
the resultant force FR, Fig. b,

+ c FR = ©Fz; - FR = - 30 - 20 - 90 - 35 - 40

FR = 215 kN Ans.

Point of Application: By equating the moment of the forces and FR, about the x and
y axes,
(MR)x = ©Mx; - 215(y) = - 35(0.75) - 30(0.75) - 90(3.75) - 20(6.75) - 40(6.75)

y = 3.68 m Ans.

(MR)y = ©My; 215(x) = 30(0.75) + 20(0.75) + 90(3.25) + 35(5.75) + 40(5.75)

x = 3.54 m Ans.
4–133.

If the resultant force is required to act at the center of the z

slab, determine the magnitude of the column loadings FA
and FB and the magnitude of the resultant force.
30 kN
0.75 m 90 kN
FB 2.5 m
20 kN
2.5 m
0.75 m
0.75 m FA
y
x 3m
SOLUTION 3m
Equivalent Resultant Force: By equating the sum of the forces along the z axis to 0.75 m
the resultant force FR,

+ c FR = ©Fz; - FR = - 30 - 20 - 90 - FA - FB

FR = 140 + FA + FB (1)

Point of Application: By equating the moment of the forces and FR, about the x and
y axes,

(MR)x = ©Mx; - FR(3.75) = - FB(0.75) - 30(0.75) - 90(3.75) - 20(6.75) - FA(6.75)

FR = 0.2FB + 1.8FA + 132 (2)

(MR)y = ©My; FR(3.25) = 30(0.75) + 20(0.75) + 90(3.25) + FA(5.75) + FB(5.75)

FR = 1.769FA + 1.769FB + 101.54 (3)

Solving Eqs.(1) through (3) yields

FA = 30 kN FB = 20 kN FR = 190 kN Ans.
5–67.

The platform truck supports the three loadings shown.

Determine the normal reactions on each of its three wheels.

500 lb

800 lb

380 lb

A
C
8 in. 12 in.
SOLUTION 12 in.
10 in. 12 in.
5 in.
©Mx = 0; 380(15) + 500(27) + 800(5) - FA(35) = 0 B

FA = 662.8571 = 663 lb Ans.

©My = 0; 380(12) - FB (12) - 500(12) + FC (12)

FC - FB = 120

©Fy = 0; FB + FC - 500 + 663 - 380 - 800 = 0

FB + FC = 1017.1429

Solving,

FC = 569 lb Ans.

FB = 449 lb Ans.
*5–68.

Determine the force components acting on the ball-and- z

socket at A, the reaction at the roller B and the tension on the
cord CD needed for equilibrium of the quarter circular plate. D
350 N
200 N
2m 3m
C 200 N
1m
60 B
A y
x
SOLUTION
Equations of Equilibrium: The normal reactions NB and Az can be obtained directly
by summing moments about the x and y axes, respectively.

©Mx = 0; NB(3) - 200(3) - 200(3 sin 60°) = 0

NB = 373.21 N = 373 N Ans.

©My = 0; 350(2) + 200(3 cos 60°) - Az(3) = 0

A z = 333.33 N = 333 N Ans.

©Fz = 0; TCD + 373.21 + 333.33 - 350 - 200 - 200 = 0

TCD = 43.5 N Ans.

©Fx = 0; Ax = 0 Ans.

©Fy = 0; Ay = 0 Ans.
5–71.

Determine the support reactions at the smooth collar A and z

the normal reaction at the roller support B.

A 800 N 600 N
B
SOLUTION x 0.8 m 0.4 m
0.8 m 0.4 m
Equations of Equilibrium: From the free-body diagram, Fig. a, NB, (MA)z, and A y
can be obtained by writing the moment equations of equilibrium about the x and y
z axes and the force equation of equilibrium along the y axis.

©Mx = 0; NB(0.8 + 0.8) - 800(0.8) - 600(0.8 + 0.8) = 0

NB = 1000 N Ans.
©Mz = 0; (MA)z = 0 Ans.
©Fy = 0; Ay = 0 Ans.

Using the result NB = 1000 N and writing the moment equation of equilibrium
about the y axis and the force equation of equilibrium along the z axis, we have
©My = 0; (MA)y - 600(0.4) + 1000(0.8) = 0
(MA)y = - 560 N # m Ans.
©Fz = 0; A z + 1000 - 800 - 600 = 0
A z = 400 N Ans.

The negative sign indicates that (M A)y acts in the opposite sense to that shown on
the free-body diagram. If we write the force equation of equilibrium along the
x axis, ©Fx = 0, and so equilibrium is satisfied.