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Apprt Tech
Apprt Tech
SECTION A (Compulsory)
QUESTION 1
QUESTION 2
i) A pump delivers water from a lower to a higher reservoir. The difference in elevation
between the reservoirs is 10 m. The pump provides an energy head of 11 m and the frictional
head losses are 0.7 m. If the pipe diameter is 300 mm, calculate the discharge using
Bernoulli’s equation and the continuity equation. (10 marks).
ii) Write short notes on (a) sub-surface dams, and (b) sand dams. (4 marks).
iii) What are the two methods applied in drilling of wells? (3 marks).
Describe three (3) drilling technologies that would be appropriate in the context of a
developing country. (3 marks).
QUESTION 3
i) Write some short notes on water quality parameters that determine the potability of a water
system. (5 marks).
ii) Briefly describe the following in rural and urban electrification, (a) shielded cable, (b) single
wire earth return, (c) transmission upgrades and expansion. (6 marks).
iii) Discuss sustainability of HEP as source of renewable and clean energy. (5 marks).
iv) Write some short notes on use of biomass to generate electricity. (4 marks).
QUESTION 4
QUESTION 5
i) Discuss three (3) types of waste stabilization ponds in common use. (6 marks).
ii) What is the purpose of traffic survey? (4 marks).
iii) What is the purpose of food processing? Describe three examples of food processing.
(5 marks).
iv) What do you understand by NEMA, EMCA and what roles do they play in ensuring
appropriate technology for Kenya? (5 marks).