24 Chemical Arithmetic

7. (d) For NaOH, M  N  22.4gm of gas occupies 22.4L at S.T.P.

22.4
N1 V1  100ml  1 N  100ml(N )  11.2gm of gas occupies  11.2  11.2 L .
22.4
For H 2 SO 4 , N 2 V2  10ml  10 N  100ml(N ) Molecular weight
21. (b) Equivalent weight 
Hence, N 1 V1  N 2 V2 . Valency
COOH 126
10 . (b) 1 mole of CH 4 contains 4 mole of hydrogen atom i.e. 4g atom Molecular weight of |  2H 2O   63 .
C OOH 2
of hydrogen.
2  V .D 2  59.25
2 2.5 22. (b) Valency of the element  
11. (a) Na 2 SO 3  I 2  Na 2 S 4 O6  NaI E  35.5 4  35.5
118.50
n  2  0. 5  1  =3.
39.5
E
M

M
M W (gm)  1000
23. (d) Molarity 
n  factor 1 V (ml )  molecular weight
M 1 .25  1000
12. (b) E 0 .25 
5 25  molecular weight

10  19  81  11 190  891 1 .25  1000

13. (a) Atomic mass   
1081  Molecular weight   200 .
100 100 100 0 .25  25
24. (c) Let weight of metal oxide = 100 gm
 10.81 Weight of oxygen = 32gm
14. (c) 0.1M AgNO3 will react with 0.1 M NaCl to form  weight of metal  100  32  68 gm
0.1M NaNO 3 . But as the volume doubled, conc. of wt. of metal
Equivalent weight of oxide  8
0.1 wt. of oxygen
NO 3   0 .05 M .
2 68
  8  17 .
32
16. (c) wt. of metallic chloride  74.5
25 . (a) 6  10 23 molecules has mass  18 gm
wt. of chlorine = 35.5
18
 wt. of metal  74.5  35.5  39 1 molecules has mass   3  10 23 gm
6  10 23

Equivalent weight of metal 

weight of metal
 35.5  3  10 26 kg .
weight of chlorine 26. (a) Choice (a) is P4 S 3


39
 35.5  39 31  4
 gm P is present in 220 gm P4 S 3
35.5 (124 )
17. (a)  5.8L of gas has mass  7.5 gm 220
 1.24gm P is present in =  1 .24  2 .2 gm
124
7.5
 22.4L " " " =  22.4  28.96 x
5.8 27. (c) Number of moles of A 
40
So molecular weight = 29
x
So, molecular formula of compound is NO Number of atoms of A   Avogadro no.  y (say)
40
(d)  17gm NH 3 contains 6  10 23 molecules of NH 3 40y
18. Or x 
Avogadro no.
6  10 23 2x
 4.25 gm NH 3 contains =  4 .25 Number of moles of B 
17 80
Number of atoms of B
6  10 23  4 .25
 No. of atoms   4  6  10 23 .

2x
 Av.no. 
2

40 y
 Av.no.  y
17
80 80 Av.no.
19. (a)  1L of gas at S.T.P. weight 1.16g 28. (d) BaCO3  BaO  CO 2 
 22.4 L of gas at S.T.P. weight  22.4  1.16 Molecular weight of BaCO3  137  12  3  16 =197
 25.984  26  197gm produces 22.4L at S.T.P.
22.4
This molecular weight indicates that given compound is  9.85 gm produces  9 .85  1 .12 L at S.T.P.
C2 H 2 . 197
29. (a) 14 gm N 3  ions have  8 N A valence electrons
20 . (a) Molecular weight  2  V.D  2  11.2  22.4
 Chemical Arithmetic 25
8 N A  4 .2 Molecular weight of H 3 PO3  3  31  48  82
4.2gm of N 3  ions have   2.4 N A
14
Molecular weight 82
 Equivalent weight   = 41.
30 . (c) [  Molecular weight of CuSO 4 .5 H 2O Basicity 2
 63.5  32  64  90  249.5 ]
37. (b)  22400 ml at NTP has 6.023  10 23 molecule
6  10 23
molecules has weight  249.5 gm
6 .023  10 23
 1 ml at NTP has =
249.5  1  10 22
22400
1  10 22 molecules has weight 
6  10 23

 41.58  10 1 = 0.0002688  10 23  2.69  1019 .

 4.158 38. (c) Sp. heat × atomic wt.= 6.4
31. (a) (I) 1 molecule of oxygen 0.16 × atomic wt.= 6.4
6 .4
 6  10 23 molecule has mass  32 gm Atomic wt.   40 .
0 .16

 1 molecule of O 2 has mass 

32 39. (a) Molecular weight of C60 H122  12  60  122  1
6  10 23
 720  122  842
 5.3  10 23 gm
 6  10 23
molecule C60 H122 has mass = 842gm
(II) 1 atom of nitrogen
842
 1 molecule C60 H122 has mass
 2  6  10 23 atoms of N 2 has mass = 28gm 6  10 23

28  140.333  10 23 gm  1.4  10 21 gm .

 1 atom of N 2 has mass 
2  6  10 23 40 . (b) C2 H 4  2O2  2CO 2  2 H 2 O

 2.3  10 23 gm  28gm C 2 H 4 requires 64gm oxygen

64
(III) 1  10 10 g molecular weight of oxygen  2.8  10 3 gm C 2 H 4 requires =  2 .8  10 3 gm
28
g atomic weight  2  1  10 10  2  10 10 g  6.4  10 3 gm = 6.4kg.
(IV) 1  10 10 g atomic weight of copper 41. (c) 2.5 molal NH 4 OH means 2.5 moles of NH 3 in 1000 g

So, order of increasing masses II  I  III  IV . H 2 O (1000 cc of solution)

Hence, 100 cc solution of NH 3 requires = 0.25 mole
wt. of metal hydroxide EM  EOH 
32. (d) 
wt. of metal oxide EM  EO   0.25  22.4 L  5.6 L .
1 .520 x  17 M M
  42. (d) d  ; 1 or M = V; 18gm = 18ml
0 .995 x 8 V V
 1.520 x  1.520  8  0.995 x  0.995  17 6  10 23 molecule of water has volume =18 cc
1.520 x  12.160  0.995 x  16.915 18
1 molecule of water has volume 
or 0.525 x  4.755 6  10 23
 3  10 23 cm 3 .
4 .755
x 9. 43. (a) 100gm caffeine has 28.9gm nitrogen
0 .525
28.9
33. (b) One ion carries 3  1.6  10 19 coulomb 194gm caffeine has =  194  56.06 gm
100
Then 1 gm ion N 3  (1 mole) carries  No. of atoms in caffeine 
56.06
4.
14
 3  1.6  10 19  6.02  10 23
44. (d) Molecular weight of (CHCOO )2 Fe  170
 2.89  10 5 coulomb Fe present in 100 mg of (CHCOO )2 Fe
CP 56
34. (a)  1 .4 so, given gas is diatomic   100mg  32.9 mg
CV 170
This is present in 400 mg of capsule
11.2L  3.01  10 23 molecules 32.9
% of Fe in capsule   100  8 .2 .
 No. of atoms  3.01  10 23  2  6.023  10 23 atoms 400
26
36. (b) The acid is dibasic. 45 . (d) 1 atom has mass  10.86  10 kg
 26 Chemical Arithmetic

 10.86  10 23 gm 12  3  10 23
3  10 23 atoms of C has mass   6 gm
6.023  10 23 atoms has mass 6  10 23
(c) 1mole of S has mass = 32gm
= 10.86  10 23  6.023  10 23 = 65.40 gm
(d) 7.0 gm of Ag
This is the atomic weight of Zn.
So, lowest mass = 6gm of C.
46. (b)  1mole (COOH )2 . 2 H 2 O has 96gm oxygen
5 4. (c) 1mole of any gas at STP occupies 22.4 L.
 0.3 mole (COOH )2 . 2 H 2 O has 96  0.3  28.8 gm
55. (b)  22400 cc of gas at STP has 6  10 23 molecules
28.8
 No. of gram atoms of oxygen   1 .8 .
6  10 23  1 .12  10 7
16  1.12  10 7 of gas at STP has
47. (c) Equimolecular proportion means both gases occupied equal 22400
2 .24  .03  1014  3  1012 .
volume   1 .12 L
2 5 6. (a)  2.24L of gas has mass = 4.4gm
For CH 4 :
4.4
22.4L CH 4 has mass  16 gm  22.4L of gas has mass   22.4  44
2 .24
16
1.12L CH 4 has mass   1 .12  0 .8 gm . So given gas is CO 2 because CO 2 has molecular mass=44.
22.4
For C 2 H 6 5 7. (d) 1L of air =210 cc O 2
22.4L C 2 H 6 has mass = 30 gm 22400 cc = 1 mole
30 3 .0 1
1.12L C 2 H 6 has mass   1 .12  gm  1 .5 gm 210 cc   210  0.0093 .
22.4 2 22400
Total mass  1.5 gm  0.8 gm  2.3 gm . 5 8. (d)  22.4L of a gas at STP has no. of molecules
48. (c) Let wt. of metal oxide = 100 gm
 6.023  10 23
wt. of metal = 53gm
wt. of oxygen = 47gm  8.96L of a gas at STP has no. of molecules
wt. of metal 6 .02  10 23  8 .96
Equivalent weight of oxygen  8   2.408  10 23  24.08  10 22 .
wt. of oxygen 22.4
53 5 9. (a) Given equivalent weight of metal = 9

 8  9 .02 Vapour density of metal chloride = 59.25
47
2  V .D 2  66 132  molecular weight of metal chloride
Valency     2.96  3
E  35.5 9  35.5 44.5  2  V.D  2  59.25  118.5
 Atomic weight  Equivalentweight  Valency  valency of metal
 9.02  3  27.06 molecular weight of metal chloride

49. (b) One gram of hydrogen combines with 80 gm of bromine. equivalnet weight of metal  35.5
So, equivalent weight of bromine = 80 gm
118.5 118.5
 4gm of bromine combines with 1 gm of Ca Valency of metal    2.66
9  35.5 44.5
1
 80gm of bromine combines with =  80  20 . Therefore atomic weight of the metal
4
=equivalent weight  valency
2 4
50 . (b) Mn SO 4  Mn O2  9  2.66  23.9
Change of valency  4  2  2 molecular wt. of metal
60 . (d) The density of gas 
M volume
 Equivalent weight  .
2 45
  2 gm litre1
5 1. (a) 2 PH 3  2 P  3 H 2 22.4
(solid)
2ml 3ml 61. (c) Equivalent weight of bivalent metal = 37.2
100ml 150ml
 Atomic weight of metal  37.2  2  74.4
Increase in volume  150ml  100ml  50ml increase.
5 2. (b) Mg  2 HCl  MgCl2  H 2  Formula of chloride  MCl 2

 24g Mg evolves 22.4L H 2 at STP Hence, molecular weight of chloride

(MCl2 )  74.4  2  35.5  145.4
22.4
 12g Mg evolves H 2 at STP  12 62. (c) As we know that
24
=11.2L at STP. weight of metal
Equivalent weight  8
5 3. (b) (a) 2gm atom of nitrogen = 28gm weight of oxygen
(b) 6  10 23 atoms of C has mass  12 gm
 Chemical Arithmetic 27


32
 8  64  1.2  10 23 atoms.
0 .4 6. (b) 44g CO 2 occupies 22.4L at STP
mol. wt
Vapour density  22.4
2 4.4g CO 2 occupies   4 .4 = 2.24L.
44
Mol. wt  2  V.D  2  32  64
Mass g
mol. wt 64 7. (a) D ensity  ; 1 or g  ml
As we know that n   1 Volume ml
eq. wt 64
0.0018ml = 0.0018gm
Suppose, the formula of metal oxide be M 2 On . Hence the weight 0 .0018
No. of moles    1  10  4
formula of metal oxide  M 2 O . Molecular weight 18
63. (b) Molecular weight of NH 3 is 17  No. of water molecules = 6.023  10 23  1  10 4
According to the mole concept  6.023  1019 .
17 gm NH 3 has molecules  6.02  10 23 8. (c) Ca 3 P2  6 H 2 O  2 PH3  3Ca(OH)2

6 .02  10 23 9. (d) Amount of gold  19.7kg  19.7  1000 gm =19700 gm

 1 gm NH 3 has molecules 
17 19700
No. of moles   100
 4.25 gm NH 3 has molecules 197
 No. of atoms  100  6.023  10 23
6.02  10 23  4 .25
  1 .5  10 23 molecule
17  6.023  10 25 atoms.
10 . (c)  100 gm CaCO 3  6.023  10 23 molecules
The mole concept
6 .023  10 23
 10 gm CaCO 3 =  10
16 1 100
1. (a) 16g O 2 has no. of moles  
32 2  6.023  10 22 molecule
14 1 1 molecule of CaCO 3 = 50 protons
14g N 2 has no. of moles  
28 2
6.023  10 22 molecule of CaCO 3  50  6.023  10 22
No. of moles are same, so no. of molecules are same.
2. (b) Na 2 SO 4 . 10 H 2 O  2  23  32  4  16  10  18  3.0115  10 24

 46  32  64  180  322gm 11. (b) 16gm of CH 4 = 1mole  6.023  10 23 molecules.

12. (c) According to avogadro's hypothesis equal volumes of all gases
322gm Na 2 SO 4 .10 H 2 O contains = 224 gm oxygen under similar conditions of temperature and pressure contains
32.2gm Na 2 SO 4 .10 H 2 O contains equal no. of molecules.
M
32.2  224 14. (d) d (d = density, M= mass, V =volume)
=  22.4 gm V
322
Since d = 1
W (gm)  1000
3. (b) Molarity  So, M  V
molecular wt.  V(ml.)
18gm = 18ml
2.65  1000 18ml = N molecules (N = avogadro's no.)
  0 .1 M A A

106  250
NA
10ml of this solution is diluted to 1000 ml N1 V1  N 2 V2 1000ml   1000 = 55.555 N.
18 A

10  0.1  1000  x 15. (a) This is fact.

0.1  10 16. (a)  3 moles of oxygen is that in 1 mole of BaCO3
x  0 .001M .
1000  1.5 moles of oxygen is that in mole of BaCO3
4. (c) According to definition of molar solution  A molar solution is 1 1
one that contains one mole of a solute in one litre of the   1 .5   0 .5 .
3 2
solution.
17. (b) The no. of molecules present in 1ml of gas at STP is known as
5. (a) 44g of CO has 2  6  10 23 atoms of oxygen
2
Laschmidt number.
22400 ml of gas has total no. of molecules
12  10 23
4.4g of CO has =  4 .4
2
44  6.023  10 23
 28 Chemical Arithmetic

6 .023  10 23 25 . (a) wt of CO 2  44
1ml of gas has total no. of molecules 
22400 mol wt of CO 2  44
 2.69  1019 . wt. of CO 2
No. of molecule   6 .02  10 23
18. (b)  2gm of hydrogen  6.02  10 23 molecules mol wt of CO 2
 1gm of hydrogen
44
 6 .02  10 23  6.02  10 23
6 .02  10 23 44
  3 .01  10 23 molecule.
2 26. (c) No. of atoms in one molecule
19. (a) Molecular weight of SO 2 Cl 2 = no. of moles  6.022  10 23
 32  32  2  35.5 = 135 gm  1.4  6.022  10 23  8.432  10 23
 135 gm of SO 2 Cl 2 = 1gm molecule 27. (d) As we know that four sodium atom are present in sodium
1 ferrocyanide [ Na 4 Fe(CN )6 ]
 13.5 gm of SO 2 Cl 2   13.5  0 .1 .
135 Hence, number of Na atoms = No. of moles  number of
20 . (a) (a) 34gm of water atom  Avogadro’s number
 18gm H 2 O = 6.023  10 23 molecule 2  4  6.023  10 23  48  10 23

6 .023  10 23 Percentage composition & Molecular formula

 34gm H 2 O =  34
18
1. (a)  40 gm NaOH contains 16gm of oxygen
 11.37  10 23 mole
16
(b) 28gm of CO 2  100 gm of NaOH contains  100 =40% oxygen.
40
 44gm CO 2  6  10 23 molecules 2. (a) Urea- NH 2  CO  NH 2
 60 gm of urea contains 28gm of nitrogen
6  10 23
 28gm CO 2   28  3 .8  10 23 28
44  100 gm of urea contains  100  46.66 .
60
(c) 46gm of CH 3 OH 3. (b) Based on facts.
 32gm CH 3 OH  6  10 23 molecules 4. (d) C  24 gm , H  4 gm , O  32 gm
So, Molecular formula  C2 H 4 O2
6  10 23
 46gm CH 3 OH   46  8.625  10 23
32 So, Empirical formula  CH 2O
(Simplest formula).
(d)  108gm of N 2O5  6  10 23
molecules
5. (a)  0.0835 mole of compound contains 1 gm of hydrogen
6  10 23 1
 54gm of N 2 O5   54  3  10 23 molecules.  1gm mole of compound contain =  11.97
108 0 .0835
21. (b) Sodium oxide  Na 2 O =12gm of hydrogen.
Molecular weight = 46 +16 = 62 12 gm of H 2 is present in C 2 H12 O6
62gm of Na 2 O = 1 mole 6. (b) Empirical formula of an acid is CH 2O2
620gm of Na 2 O = 10 mole. (Empirical formula) n  Molecular formula
2 1 n = whole no. multiple i.e. 1,2,3,4..............
22. (b) 2gm of oxygen contains atom   mole If n  1 molecular formula CH 2O2 .
16 8
4 1 7. (b) Glucose - C 6 H 12 O6
also 4g of sulphur   mole.
32 8 Ratio of C, H and O  1 : 2 : 1
23. (c) Molarity = mole/litre In acetic acid CH 3  C  O  H
 1cc contains 1.17gm ||
O
1170gm
 1000 cc contains 1170 gm Ratio of C, H and O 1 : 2 : 1 .
Mol.wt.
1170 Chemical stoichiometry
  32.05mole / litre (Mol. wt. of HCl =36.5)
36.5
24. (a) 1 mole of sucrose contains 6.023  10 23 molecules W(gm)  1000
1. (c) N 
 1 molecule of sucrose has 45 atoms V  Eq.wt.
 6.023  10 23 molecule of sucrose has 1500 ml of 0.1N HCl = 150 ml (N)
45  6.023  10 23 atoms/mole
 Chemical Arithmetic 29
W(gm)  1000 150  40 (d) H 2 O  Al  NaOH  NaAlO2 
3
1 , W (gm )   6 gm . 10 . H2
150  40 1000 27 gm
3
2
22 .4 33 .6 L
1 1 2
2. (c) N 1 V1  N 2 V2 ;  200   V2 ; V2  1000ml
2 10 11. (c) In Fe(CNS )3 . 3 H 2 O
Volume of water added  1000  200  800ml . 3  18
% of H 2 O   100  19% .

3. (a) 2 Ag2CO 3  4 Ag  2CO 2  O2 284
12. (d) 5 S  5 O 2  5 SO 2 ; 5 O 2  5 SO 2 ; 5  64  320 gm .
2  276 gm 4  108 gm
13. (d) H 3 PO4 is tribasic so N  3 M  3  1  3 .
 2  276 gm of Ag2CO 3 gives 4  108 gm
14. (b) H 2 SO 4 is dibasic N  2 M  2  2  4 .
4  108
 1 gm of Ag2CO 3 gives 
2  276 15 . (a) For Dibasic acid E 
M 200
  100
2 2
 2.76 gm of Ag2CO 3 gives
W  1000
4  108  2.76 N
 2.16 gm E  V (in ml )
2  276
4. (c) 1 W  1000
  W  1gm .
10 100  100
4 NH 3(g )  5 O2(g )  4 NO( g)  6 H 2 O( g )
10  sp. gr. of the solution wt.% of solute Mol.wt.
t0 1 1 0 0 16. (b) N
Molecular wt. of solute Eq. wt.
t  t 1  4x 1  5x 4x 6x
10  1.71  80  98
Oxygen is limiting reagent N   27.9
98  49
1
So, X   0 .2 all oxygen consumed 18. (c) 2 KMnO4  3 H 2 SO 4 
5
Left NH 3  1  4  0.2  0.2 . K2 SO 4  2 MnSO4  3 H 2 O  [O]

5. (c)  100gm Hb contain = 0.33gm Fe 2 FeSO 4  H 2 SO 4  [O]  Fe2 (SO 4 )3  H 2 O]  5

[Mohrsalt]
67200  0 .33
 67200 gm Hb = gm Fe 2 KMnO4  10 FeSO 4  8 H 2 SO 4 
100
672  0 .33
gm atom of Fe = 4. K 2 SO 4  2 MnSO 4  5 Fe2 (SO 4 )3  8 H 2 O
56
6. (c) (NH 4 )2 SO 4  2 NH 3  2 HCl Mohr-salt reducing agent KMnO4 / H   oxidising agent
2(36 .5 )73 gm
132 19. (d) Atomic weight = Equivalent weight × Valency
73 g HCl  132 g(NH 4 )2 SO 4
292 g HCl  528 g(NH 4 )2 SO 4  26.89 
 8.9  3  26.7  Valency   3 .
 8.9 
7. (c) 2(NH 4 )2 HPO4  P2 O5
2(36 1  31  64 ) 264 62  80 142 20 . (c) MW  2  V.D.  2  22  44 .
wt. of P2 O 5 21. (d) 2 KMnO4  3 H 2 SO 4  K 2 SO 4  2 MnSO 4  3 H 2 O  5[O]
% of P2 O 5   100 7 2
wt of salt
Change by 5
142
  100  53.78% . Mol.wt.
264 Eq. wt. 
5
3
8. (b) 2 Al  O 2  Al2 O 3 22. (c) Dibasic acid NaOH; N 1 V1  N 2 V2
2
3 W 1 0 .16 25
According to equation mole of O 2 combines with 2 mole  1000   25 ;  1000 
2 E 10 E 10
Al . M  2  E  2  64  128 .
2 mole Al = 54gm 23. (d) NaOH HCl
9. (a) 0.5 gm Se  100 gm peroxidase anhydrous enzyme
1 1
100  78.4 N 1 V1  N 2 V2 ; 20    V ; V = 40 ml.
78.4gm Se   1.568  10 4 10 20
0 .5
24. (a) NV  N 1 V1  N 2 V2
Minimum m.w.  molecule at least contain one selenium.
0.2  2  0.5 x  0.1(2  x )
0. 4  0. 5 x  0. 2  0. 1 x
0.2  0.4 x
 30 Chemical Arithmetic
1 35 . (d) KMnO4  Mohr salt
x L  0.5 L
2 M1 V1 M 2 V2 0 .1  10 M 2 V2
 ;  ; M 2 V2  5 .
25 . (d) NV  N1V1  N 2 V2  N 3 V3 n1 n2 1 5

1 1 molecular weight
N  1000  1  5   20   30  5  10  10  25 36. (d) The equivalent weight of H 3 PO4 
2 3 2
N  mole wt of H 3 PO4 = 3 + 31 + 64 = 98
N  0 .025  .
40 98
  49
26. (b) NH 3(g )  HCl( g )  NH 4 Cl(s) 2
t0 20ml 40ml 0 37. (b) Ba(OH)2  CO 2  BaCO3  H 2O
t t 0 20 ml solid
Atomic wt. of BaCO3 = 137  12  16  3 = 197
Final volume = 20 ml .
wt. of substance
27. (b) KMnO4 Oxalic acid No. of mole 
mol wt.
M 1 V1 M 2 V2 20  0 .1 M 2 V2  1 mole of Ba(OH )2 gives 1 mole of BaCO3
 ;  ; M 2 V2  5 .
n1 n2 2 5
 205 mole of Ba(OH )2 will give .205 mole of BaCO3

28. (b) Acidic medium E 

M 158
  31.6 gm .  wt. of 0.205 mole of BaCO3 will be
5 5
.205  197  40.385 gm  40.5 gm
29. (c) 0.1 M AgNO3 will react with 0.1 M NaCl to form 0.1 M 38. (d) N1  0.5 N  10mg per mL
NaNO 3 . But as the volume is doubled, conc. of
10  10 3 gm
0 .1 N2   1000 =0.25 N
NO 3   0 .05 M 40  1
2
V1  500ml , V2  ?
30 . (a) Acid base
N1V1  N 2 V2 ; 0.5  500  0.25  V2
N 1 V1 = N 2 V2 ; N 1  30  0.2  15 ; N1  0.1 N
31. (b) (I) Phenopthalein indicate partial neutralisation of V2  1000mL final volume water added = 1000 – 500
= 500 mL.
Na 2 CO 3  NaHCO 3
39. (a) eq. of KMnO4 = eq. of Fe(C2 O4 )
Meq. of Na 2 CO 3 + Meq. of NaOH = Meq. of HCl
x 5  1 3
W W x  0.6
 1000   1000  NV
E E 40 . (b)
Element At.wt. Mole Ratio Empirical
(Suppose Na 2 CO 3  a gm , NaOH = b gm) formula
a b C =86% 12 7.1 1 CH
 1000   1000  300  0 .1 .....(1)
2

H =14% 1 14 2 Beleongs to
106 40
alkene Cn H 2n
(II) Methyl orange indicate complete neutralisation
HCl HCl 41. (b) AgNO3  2 Ag   S 2   Ag2 S
(H 2 S )
N 1 V1  N 2 V2 , 25  0.2  0.1  V2 so V2  50ml excess
 2 mole  1 mole [100×1 =100 millimole]
a b  100 miliimole  50 millimole H 2 S required
  1000   1000  350  0.1 .....(2)
53 40
CuSO 4  Cu 2  S 2   CuS
From (1) and (2) b =1gm. (H 2 S )
32. (c) From solution of (31)  1 mole  1 mole [100×1=100 millimole]
From equation (1)
 100 millimole  100 millimole H 2 S required
a  Na 2 CO 3  0.53 gm .
50 1
M1V1 M 2 V2 Ratio  .
33. (b) (H 2 SO 4 )  ( NaOH ) 100 2
n1 n2 42. (c) At room temperature 2 H 2(g)  O2(g)  2 H 2 O(l)
1  V1 1  10 t =0 50 ml 50 ml 0
 ; V1  5ml .
1 2 t =t 50 – 2x 50 – x 2x
34. (c) Atom in highest oxidation state can oxidize iodide to liberate =0 25 gases (50)liquid
I2 which is volumetrically measured by iodometric titration In this case H 2 is limiting reagent
using hypo.
x = 25 ml
2 I   I2
At 110°C 2 H 2(g)  O2(g)  2 H 2O(g) Vgas  75 ml
Pb2  Lowest oxidation state can not oxidise iodide to I2 . t =t 0 25 ml 50 ml
 Chemical Arithmetic 31
2 2 2 1 1.12 mL is obtained from 4.12 mg
43. (c) CuSO 4  2 KI  K 2 SO 4  CuI 2 ; 2 CuI 2  CuI 2  I2
 22400 mL will be obtained from
I2  2 Na 2 S 2O3  2 NaI  Na 2 S 4 O6
4 .12
Eq. wt. Of CuSO 4 .5 H 2O  Mol.wt.  250  22400 mg  84.2 g
1.12
100 ml of 0.1 N hypo  100 ml of 0.1 N CuSO 4 .5 H 2O 5 2. (b)
Element %(a) At.wt.(b) a/b Ratio
250  0 .1  100
  2 .5 gm X 50 10 5 2
100
Y 50 20 2.5 1
44. (d) HNO3  KOH  KNO 3  H 2O
Simplest formula  X 2 Y
12 . 6
 0.2 mole; HNO3  KOH
63 5 3. (a) A3 (BC4 )2  3  2  [5  (2  4 )]2  0 .
0.2 mole  0.2 mole 5 4. (b) CaCO 3  CaO  CO 2
0.2  56  11.2 gm . 10 gm
45 . (a) Isobutane and n-butane C4 H10  have same molecular 9
90% pure 9gm  mole
13 100
formula; C4 H10  O2  4 CO 2  5 H 2 O
2 CaCO 3  CO 2  0.09 mole
For 58gm of C4 H10 208 gm O 2 is required then for 5 kg of
At NTP Vol. CO 2  0.09  22.4  2.016 L .
5  208
C4 H10 O2   17.9 kg
58 55. (b) Cd 2  S 2   CdS
16.8 20×1= 20
46. (b) n   0 .75 mole of H 2 and O 2
22.4 Cu 2  S 2   CuS
0 .25 O2 20×0.5 =10
2 H 2 O  2 H 2  O2 0 .75 0 .25 H2
2:1 Ratio = 2 : 1
2 mole H 2 – 2 mole H 2 O
5 6. (b) Mg 2  H 2
0.5 mole H 2 – 0.5 mole H 2 O = 9gm.
12 gm 1
47. (a)  3ml (O)  1ml O 3 n  mole of H 2
24 gm 2
30ml (O)  10 ml O 3
1
5 7. (a) Mg  O 2  MgO
150  10 2
x  15ml 1mole
0 .5 mole
100
0.5 mole of oxygen react with 1 mole of Mg
V of O2  V of O3  135  10  145ml
Turpentine oil absorb ozone. 1 .5
1.5 mole of oxygen react with  3 mole
48. (a) 50% HCl itself means 50 gm HCl react with 100 gm sample 0 .5
50 24  3  72 gm .
% Purity   100  50% .
100 5 8. (c) CaCO 3  2 HCl  CaCl 2  CO 2  H 2 O
49. (a) AgNO3  HCl  AgCl  HNO3 100 g 2N 44 g

30 500  0 .2 100 g CaCO 3 with 2 N HCl gives 44 g CO 2

170 1000 100 g CaCO 3 with 1 N HCl gives 22 g CO 2
t =0 0.176 mole 0.1 mole limiting =14.345 gm
t =t 0.076 mole 0 0.1mole Critical Thinking Questions
50. (d) KMnO4 FeSO4
2. (b) H 2 O contains H and O in a fixed ratio by mass. It illustrates
M 1 V1 M 2 V2 n
= ; M1 V1  1 M 2 V2 the law of constant composition.
n1 n2 n2 3. (b) 100 g of ZnSO crystals are obtained from =22.65 g Zn
4

2 1 1 22.65
  10    0.2 1g of ZnSO crystals will be obtained from 
4
g Zn
10 10 5 100
1 22.65
20 g of ZnSO crystals obtained from   20  4 .53 g
For (d), M1V1  0 .02  10  4

100
5
4. (a) If same volume is occupied by the gas, the no. of molecules are
OR same, so no. of moles are same.
5 1. (c) ROH  CH 3 MgI  CH 4  Mg
I 1 mole of N 2 gas  2  14  28 gm
1 mol. 1 mol  22400 cc
 32 Chemical Arithmetic
1 mole of CO gas  12  16  28 gm M1 V1 M 2 V2  W  V
   1000   2
75 1 5 M V  5
5. (c) Heat capacity of water per gram   4 .17
18  W  1000  3 .92  1000 20
Q = mST  58  1000   18  392  1000  5 W=3.476gm/L.
 
1000  100  4.17  t 14. (d) Volume m of HCl neutralised by NaOH = (Caustic soda) = V1
1000
t  2 .4 K . N1V1  N 2 V2 ; 0.1  V1  0.2  30 ; V1  60ml
100  4 .17
6. (b)  8gm sulphur is present in 100 gm of substance V total (HCl ) = 100 ml
100 V1 = 60 ml
 32gm sulphur will present =  32  400 .
8 40 ml
40ml 0.1N HCl is now neutralised by KOH (0.25 N) 
7. (b) (a) 6.023  10 23
molecules of CO 2
(HCl ) N1V1  N 2 V2 (KOH)
No. of atoms  3  6.023  10 21 = 18.069  10 21 atoms
(b) 22.4L of CO 2 0.1  40  0.25  V2 ; V2  16ml .
15 . (c) BCl3  3[H ]  B  3 HCl
No. of atoms = 6.023  10 23  3  18.069  10 23 atoms
(c) 0.44gm of CO 2 3 21.6
BCl3  H 2  B  3 HCl ; B   2 mole
2 10.8
0.44 1
No. of moles    6.023  10 23 moles 3
44 100 B H2
2
 6.023  10 moles  3  6.023  10 atoms
21 21

3
18.069  10 21 atoms 1mole  mole ; 2 mole – 3 mole
2
8. (b) It is about 22.4L.
V  3  22.4  67.2 L .
9. (a) 200mg of CO 2 = 200  10 3  0.2 gm
W V W 112
16. (c) n  ;  ; W  0.08 gm .
44gm of CO 2 = 6  10 23 molecules M 22400 16 22400

6  10 23 12 WCO 2 12 2.63
0.2gm of CO 2 =  0 .2  0 .0272  10 23 17. (a) %C    100    100  83.6%
44 44 W 44 0.858

 2.72  10 21 molecule 2 WH 2 O 2 1 .28

%H    100    100  16.4%
18 W 18 .858
Now 10 21 molecule are removed.
Element
%(a) At.wt.(b) a/b Ratio
So remaining molecules  2.72  10 21  10 21 C 83.6 12 6.96 1 ×3
 10 21 (2.72  1) = 1.72  10 21 molecules H 16.4 1 16.4 2.3 7
Now, 6.023  10 23 molecules = 1mole C3 H7  12  3  7  43 gm .

1  1 .72  10 21 18. (b) SO 2  2 H 2 O  S  2 H 2 O2

1.72  10 21 molecules   0 .285  10  2 4 0
6 .023  10 23
M 64
 2.85  10 3 . EW    16 ; Twice 16  2  32
4 4
10 . (d) 2 K 2 Cr2 O 4  2 HCl  K 2 Cr2 O7  2 KCl  H 2 O
Assertion & Reason
11. (a) Meq of Mg 2  Meq of washing soda
W 24 1. (e) We know that from the reaction H 2  Cl2  2 HCl that the
1000  Mg 2 ; EW   12
E 2 ratio of the volume of gaseous reactants and products is in
3 agreement with their molar ratio. The ratio of
12  10
 1000  1 . H 2 : Cl2 : HCl volumes is 1 : 1 : 2 which is the same as
12
their molar ratio. Thus volume of gas is directly related to the
12. (c) K 2 Cr2 O7  4 H 2 SO 4  K 2 SO 4 Cr2 (SO 4 )3
number of moles. Therefore, the assertion is false but reason is
 12/two atom  6/two atom
Change by 6 true.
4 H 2 O  3[O]
2. (e) We know that molecular weight of substance is calculated by
Mol.wt. adding the atomic weight of atoms present in one molecules.
Eq. wt. 
6 We also know that molecular weight of oxygen (O2 ) =2x
13. (a) KMnO4 = Mohr salt (Atomic weight of oxygen)  2  16  32 a.m.u. Atomic
 Chemical Arithmetic 33
weight of oxygen is 16, because it is 16 times heavier than1/12 of
th

2 HCl  H 2  I2 (Bimolecular)
carbon atom. Therefore assertion is false but reason is true.
 Molarity and molecularity are used in different sense.
3. (c) According to Dalton's atomic theory atoms can neither be
11. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
created nor destroyed and according to berzelius hypothesis,
explanation of assertion.
under similar condition of temperature and pressure equal
volumes of all gases contain equal no. of atom. Therefore 63.6 At.wt.
assertion is true but reason is false. 12. (e) Equivalent wt. of Cu in CuO =  =31.8
2 Valency
4. (e) One mole of any substance corresponding to 6.023  10 23 63.6
entities is respective of its weight. Equivalent wt. of Cu in Cu 2 O  =63.6
1
Molecular weight of SO 2  32  2  16  64 gm . (Valency of Cu =1).
13. (e) Mass spectrometer is the instrument used for the
Molecular weight of O2  16  2  32 gm . determination of accurate atomic mass and the relative
abundance of the isotopes.
 Molecular weight of SO 2 is double to that of O 2 .
14. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
5. (d) 1.231 has four significant figures all no. from left to right are explanation of assertion.
counted, starting with the first digit that is not zero for 15 . (a) Example of isomorphous compounds are
calculating the no. of significant figure.
K2 SO 3 , K2CrO4 , K2 SeO 4 (valency of S, Cr, Se = 6) and
6. (d) Molar volume (at NTP) = 22.4 L
ZnSO 4 . 7 H 2O, MgSO4 . 7 H 2O, FeSO4 . 7 H 2O (valency
Now 22.4L of N 2  volume occupied by one mole of of Zn, Mg, Fe =2).

N 2  28 gm  6.023  10 23 molecules. 16. (b) No. of atoms present in a molecules of a gaseous element is
called atomicity.
Similarly, O2  2  16  32 gm , For example, O 2 has two atoms and hence its atomicity is 2.
32 gm  6.023  10 23 molecules = 22.4L
17. (a) 12gm of C-12 contain 6.023  10 23 atom
6 .023  10 23  5 .6 12
 22.4 L  6.023  10 23 or 5 .6 L    10  23  1.66  10  24 .
22.4 6.023

1
  6 .023  10 23
4

According to avagadro's hypothesis equal volume of all gases

contain equal no. of molecules under similar condition of
temperature and pressure.
7. (a) For universally accepted atomic mass unit in 1961, C-12
was selected as standard. However the new symbol used is ' v'
(unified mass) in place of amu.

M
8. (c) Vapour density of B  ,
2

M
Vapour density of A  4   2M
4
Molecular mass of A  2  2 M  4 M .
9. (a) Pure water always contains hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio
1 : 8 by mass. This is in accordance with the law of constant
composition.
10 . (b) The number of moles of a solute present in litre of solution is
known is as molarity ( M).
The total no. of molecules of reactants present in a balanced
chemical equation is known as molecularity. For example,
PCl5  PCl3  Cl2 (Unimolecular)