CONTENTS

PRETEXT …...……………………………………….………………….. i- v
ABSTRACT …...……………………………………….………………….. 1
ABBREVIATIONS…...……………………………………….…………… 2
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………….……………… 3-6

HEPATITIS C VIRUS ………………………….……….………………... 7

 Classification …………………………….…………….……………..… 8
 Genomic Organization of HCV .……………………….…………...…… 8-9
 Genotypes ……………………………..………………….……………... 9
 HCV Genomic Organization in Details ………………….………............ 9-10
 Characteristics and Function of
HCV Structural Proteins …….…………………………………............ 10-12
 Characteristics and Function of
HCV Non-Structural Proteins .……………………………….………. 12-16
 Overview of Characteristics and Function
of HCV Proteins …………….………………………...……………….. 16
 Modes of Transmission of HCV Infection
among CKD Patients ………….………………….…..………………… 17
 Prevention of HCV Transmission ….………..……………………..…... 17
 Diagnosis of HCV Infection ………….…………………………….. 17-19
 Treatment of HCV Infection ………………………………………. 19-21

EPIDEMIOLOGY ………………………………………………………. 22-24

OBJECTIVES ………………………………………………………………. 25

AN OVERVIEW OF PERFORMED EXPERIMENT …….………….... 26-28

MATERIALS AND METHODS …………………………………….…...... 29
 ELISA ……………………………………………………..……..….. 30-35
 RNA Extration from Plasma ……………………………………..…...… 36-38
 Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) ………………………………..…….. 38
 Qualitative Test by Two Step RT-PCR
First Strand cDNA Synthesis from Viral RNA …………….….………. 39-40
Reverse Transcriptase – Nested PCR …………………..…….…...... 41-44
 Preparation of Agarose Gel Electrophoresis …………………….....…… 45
 Gel Extraction ………………………………………………….……...… 46-47
 Sanger Sequencing using Big Dye PCR ……………….……………....... 48
 Big Dye PCR …………………………………………………..………... 49-50
 Clean up for Sequencing ……………….………………………….… 50-52

RESULT
 Demographic Distribution of Individuals ………………………..……… 53
 HCV Seroprevalence ……………………………………………………. 53
 HCV Viremia ………………………………………………..………….. 53
 Core Based HCV Genotype …………………………….…………… 55-58
 Distribution of HCV Genotype ……………….………………………… 58
 Phylogenetic Relationship between HCV among CKD Patients ……...... 59

DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………… 60-61

IMPORTANE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ……………………………… 62

REFERENCE ………………………………………….………………… 63-65