Read the passage and for each question, choose the one best answer A, B, C, or D, based

on what is stated in the passage, or what can be inferred.

Questions 1-10

Just as optical fibers have transformed communication, they are also revolutionizing medicine.
These ultra-thin, flexible fibers have opened a window into the living tissues of the body. By
inserting optical fibers through natural openings or small incisions and threading them along
the body’s established pathways, physicians can look into the lungs, intestines, heart, and other
areas that were formerly inaccessible to them.

The basic fiber-optics system is called a fiberscope, which consists of two bundles of fibers.
One, the illuminating bundle, carries light to the tissues. It is coupled to a high-intensity light
source. Light enters the cores of the high-purity silicon glass and travels along the fibers. A
lens at the end of the bundle collects the light and focuses it into the other bundle, the imaging
bundle. Each fiber in the bundle transmits only a tiny fraction of the total image. The
reconstructed image can be viewed through an eyepiece or displayed on a television screen.
During the last five years, improved methods of fabricating optical fibers have led to a
reduction in fiberscope diameter and an increase in the number of fibers, which in turn has
increased resolution.

Optical fibers can also be used to deliver laser light. By use of laser beams, physicians can
perform surgery inside the body, sometimes eliminating the need for invasive procedures in
which healthy tissue must be cut through to reach the site of disease. Many of these procedures
do not require anesthesia and can be performed in a physician’s office. These techniques have
reduced the risk and the cost of medical care.

1. What is the main subject of the passage?

A. Arevolution in communication
B. The invention of optical fibers
C. New surgical techniques
D. The role of optical fibers in medicine
2. In line 2, the author uses the expression have opened a window to indicate that the use
of optical fibers...
A. Has enabled scientists to make amazing discoveries
B. Sometimes requires a surgical incision
C. Allow doctors to see inside the body without major surgery
D. Has been unknown to the general public until quite recently
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word formerly in line 6?
A. Previously
 B. Completely
C. Usually
D. Theoretically
4. The word them in line 6 refers to...
A. Optical fibers
B. Pathways
C. Other areas of the body
D. Physiciansose
5. According to the passage, what is the purpose of the illuminating bundle in a
fiberscope?
A. To carry light into the body
B. To collect and focus light
C. To reconstruct images
D. To perform surgery inside the body
6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word cores in line 9?
A. Tips
B. Centers
C. Clusters
D. Lines
7. Ccording to the passage, how do the fiberscopes used today differ from those used five
years ago?
8. The word resolution in line 17 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. Strength
B. Sharpness
C. Inconvenience
D. Efficiency
9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as one of the advantages of
laser surgery techniques?
A. They can be performed in a physician’s office
B. They are safer than conventional surgery
C. They can often be performed without anesthesia
D. They are relatively easy to teach to physicians
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a basic description of a fiberscope?
A. Lines 1 – 3
B. Lines 7 – 8
C. Lines 13 – 14
D. Lines 18

Question 11-17

Weight-loss Camps
 The first weight-loss camp for young people in the UK opened in July 1999. So,
is a stay at a weight-loss camp frightening or fun?

Darren Debono is sweet-natured and doing well at school. He wants to be an actor or a police
officer. Unfortunately, most people are more interested in his size than his personality. Darren
is 5 feet 10 inches (1.75 metres) tall and weighs 20 stone (127 kilograms). He is twice his ideal
weight. He is teased about his weight by children at his school so he has decided to attend
Britain's first weight-loss camp for obese children.

Weight problems among children in Britain are increasing. In 1996 about 5 per cent of children
in Britain were overweight. In the year 2000, 10 per cent of British children were obese and 20
per cent or more were over their ideal weight. Obese children are often bullied at school and
may have health problems when they become adults. Most doctors blame the problem on too
much junk food, computer games and TV.

Each morning at the camp, the children do three hours of activities like football, hockey and
rugby. After lunch they do another sport like basketball. They have lessons on nutrition and
cooking as well as discussions where they talk about how they're feeling and progressing.
Everyone is equal and gets a lot of help. Most kids leave the camp with lots of new friends and
feeling healthier and happier than before.

Read the text and answer the questions.

11. Why isn't Darren popular?

_________________________________________________________________________________

12. Why has Darren decided to go to a weight-loss camp?

_________________________________________________________________________________

13. What does Darren want to do when he leaves school?

___________________________________________________________________________

14. Why is being obese bad for teenagers?

___________________________________________________________________________

15. What do doctors think has caused the increase in obesity in Britain?

___________________________________________________________________________

16. What different types of activity do children do at weight-loss camps?

___________________________________________________________________________
17. What kind of atmosphere is it at the weight-loss camp?
___________________________________________________________________________

Question 18-25

Weather is created by the heat of the sun. When the sun shines on the earth, the air close to the
surface heats up, expands, and rises. The higher it goes, the cooler it becomes. Meanwhile, an
area of warmer, low-pressure air forms below it. Winds are caused by air moving from an area
of high pressure to one of low pressure. The closer the pressure centers are to each other, and
the greater the pressure difference between them, the stronger the wind will be.

High- and low-pressure air masses travel the globe and cause major weather changes. When a
cold, high-pressure polar air mass meets an extremely low-pressure tropical air mass, their
combination can produce intense storms such as typhoons, hurricanes, and tornados. Less
severe weather conditions are often caused by small, local pressure areas. A mild rain storm
occurs when rising warm air combined with coll air. Clouds are created as the moist warm air
cools and condenses to form water droplets. When clouds reach a saturation point, or the point
at which they can no longer contain their moisture, the droplets fall to earth as rain or snow.

Weather forecasters look at the movement of warm and cold air masses and try to predict how
they will behave. Although weather forecasting is not completely accurate, satellites,
sophisticated instruments, and computers make weather prediction far more accurate today
than in the past. The advantages of weather predicton are numerous, but in the end, nature does
whatever it pleases. We may attempt to predict weather but we cannot control it.

18. What is the passage about?

___________________________________________________________________________

19. What are wind caused by?

___________________________________________________________________________

In each of the sentences below, underline the detail that is NOT mentioned in the
passage.

20. The passage describes the fmation of winds, clouds, rain, and fog.

21. When two opposing pressure systems meet, serious weather conditions such as a typhoon,
hurricane, blizzard, or tornado can result.

23. Weather forcasters today use computers, stars, satellites, and special instruments to predict
the wather.

Reference question

24. What does “it” in line 3 refer to?

Vocabulary Question
25. What do you think “sophisticated instruments” in line 18 means? Give two examples of
sophisticated instruments that you know.