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ESE 2018 : Prelims Exam GENERAL STUDIES

CLASSROOM TEST SERIES & ENGG. APTITUDE
Answer Key & Solutions of Section A : Basics of Energy and Environment [All Topics]
Section B : Basics of Material Science [All Topics]
Test No. 4 Section C : Engg. Mathematics + Reasoning & Aptitude [Repeat of Test-2

1. (c) 11. (d) 21. (c) 31. (c) 41. (c)

2. (b) 12. (b) 22. (c) 32. (c) 42. (b)

3. (b) 13. (c) 23. (b) 33. (b) 43. (d)

4. (a) 14. (c) 24. (a) 34. (c) 44. (a)

5. (d) 15. (b) 25. (a) 35. (d) 45. (b)

6. (c) 16. (b) 26. (d) 36. (c) 46. (a)

7. (b) 17. (a) 27. (c) 37. (a) 47. (b)

8. (d) 18. (d) 38. (c) 48. (c)

28. (c)

9. (c) 19. (c) 39. (c) 49. (c)

29. (d)

10. (c) 20. (d) 40. (c) 50. (b)

30. (d)
8 ESE 2018 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

DETAILED EXPLANATIONS

1. (c)
Renewable energy relies heavily on the weather, such as rain, wind and sunshine, to create usable energy.
When the weather does not produce the right conditions, the renewable energy sources begin to lack
the capacity to produce enough energy. Therefore, unpredictable weather conditions can cause disruptions
in service which accounts for unreliable supply.

2. (b)
• The graphic representation of the total number of individuals of different species belonging to each
trophic level in an ecosystem, is known as pyramid of numbers. The length of each bar represents the
total number of individuals at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
• To overcome the shortcomings of the pyramid of numbers, the pyramid of biomass is used. Biomass
represents the total dry weight of living beings of different species at each trophic level at a particular
time.
• Energy pyramid more accurately reflects the laws of thermodynamics, with loss of energy being depicted
at each transfer to another trophic level, hence the pyramid is always upright even where the pyramid
of biomass is inverted.

3. (b)
• Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) is an international document which was
adopted in 2015 at the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan.
• It is the successor agreement to the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015).

4. (a)
• Hydro power projects are generally categorized in two segments i.e. small and large hydro. In India,
hydro projects up to 25 MW station capacities have been categorized as Small Hydro Power (SHP)
projects.
• While Ministry of Power, Government of India is responsible for large hydro projects, the mandate for
the subject small hydro power is given to Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
• Small hydro power projects are further classified as
Class Station capacity in kW

Micro Hydro Up to 100

Mini Hydro 101 to 2000

Small Hydro 2001 to 25000

5. (d)
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) uses the temperature difference between the surface of the
ocean and the depths of about 1000 m to operate a heat engine, which produces electric power.

6. (c)
• Genetic diversity is concerned with the variation in genes within a particular species. It is the total
number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
• The loss of genetic diversity is difficult to see or measure whereas the reduction and extinction of
populations is far easier to see. Extinction is not only the loss of whole species, but is also preceded by
a loss of genetic diversity within the species.

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 General Studies & Engineering Aptitude | Test 4 9

7. (b)
• Red tide is a phenomenon caused by algal blooms during which algae become so numerous that they
discolor coastal waters.
• The algal bloom may also deplete oxygen in the waters and/or release toxins that may cause illness in
humans and other animals.

8. (d)
• In symbiotic relationship, each organism gives something to the other organism and gets something
back in return.
• Coral bleaching can occur when:
(i) The densities of zooxanthellae decline and/or
(ii) The concentration of photosynthetic pigments within the zooxanthellae fall.

9. (c)
• Fly ash can be widely used in agro-forestry sector including reclamation of waste land, mine spoil, ash
filled low lying area and abandoned ash ponds.
• Ground-level ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds interact in the
presence of sunlight.
• Heavy smog can result in the decrease of natural vitamin D production leading to a rise in the cases of
rickets.

10. (c)
Sound is measured in decibels (dB). An increase of 10 dB approximately double the increase in loudness.

11. (d)
• Scoping is a process of detailing the terms of reference in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It
has to be done by the consultant in consultation with the project proponent and guidance.
• A contingency plan is created only during the Impact Management step. During the Scoping step, it is
only necessary to identify the project impacts, during its all stages and create a list of significant and
non-significant impacts

12. (b)
Environmental audit is conducted on existing projects whereas the Environmental impact assessment is
applied to new projects and the expansion aspects of existing projects.

13. (c)
• A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source. Examples: CO2, SO2, CO, particulate
matters, Nitrogen oxides, etc.
• A secondary pollutant is not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants)
react in the atmosphere.
Examples: Ground level ozone, Acid rain, photochemical smog, etc.

14. (c)
Black carbon is emitted by high temperature combustion like diesel fuel burning whereas Brown carbon by
low temperature combustion including forest fires, firewood burning, etc.

15. (b)
• Oil Spills make the water deficient in oxygen.
• Algal bloom is associated with eutrophication, and on the contrary, oil spills kill algae.

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10 ESE 2018 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

16. (b)
Blue carbon refers to coastal, aquatic and marine carbon sinks held by vegetation, marine organisms and
sediments.
Green carbon is carbon removed by photosynthesis and stored in the plants and soil of natural ecosystem.

17. (a)
• An ecotone is a transition area between two biomes. It is where two communities meet and integrate.
• It may be narrow or wide, and it may be local (the zone between a field and forest) or regional (the
transition between forest and grassland ecosystems).

18. (d)
Supersonic jets releases nitrogen oxides and not mercury.

19. (c)
The factors which are directly associated with extinction of wildlife throughout the world are:
1. Alteration of habitat
2. Commercial sport and subsistence, hunting
3. Introduction of foreign species
4. Control of pests and predators
5. Collection for zoos, private collections and research
6. Pollution

20. (d)
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) indicates the amount of decay organic matter present in water. Therefore,
a low BOD is an indicator of good quality water, while a high BOD indicates polluted water.

21. (c)
• Lichens generally grow in exposed places such as rocks or tree bark. They need to be very good at
absorbing water and nutrients to grow there.
• Lichens can be used as air pollution indicators, especially of the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the
atmosphere.

22. (c)
Gases with a higher global warming potential (GWP) absorb more energy compared to gases with a lower
GWP, and thus contribute more to warming earth.

23. (b)
Project siting restrictions depend on the reception of the surrounding nature. Sensitivity should be assessed
in relation to proximity of the project to the sites/sites listed in the identified ecologically sensitive zones
(ESZ) notified by MoEF.

24. (a)
• In hydrothermal convection systems, most of the heat is transferred by the convective circulation of
water or steam rather than by thermal conduction through solid rocks.
• Hydrothermal convection occurs in rocks of adequate permeability because of the buoyancy effect of
heating and consequent thermal expansion of fluids in a gravity field. The heated fluid tends to rise,
and the more dense, cooler fluid tends to descend into the earth’s crust, and this process continues in
a cycle.

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 General Studies & Engineering Aptitude | Test 4 11

25. (a)
Energy flows through the trophic levels from producers to subsequent trophic levels. This energy always
flows from lower (producer) to higher (herbivores, carnivores etc.) trophic level. It never flows in the reverse
direction that is from carnivore to herbivore to producers.

26. (d)
Curie law is applicable to Elements in pure state, oxides and salts of paramagnetic nature.
Curie-Weiss law is applicable for ferromagnetic materials when temperature is greater than Ferromagnetic
curie temperature.

33. (b)
Polyester is obtained by condensation polymerisation of dicarboxylic acid and dihydric alcohol.
Melamine is obtained by condensation of urea with formaldehyde.

35. (d)
Covalent bond is directional in nature.

38. (c)
The atomic packing factor of germanium and silicon is 0.34.

39. (c)
∴ System has non-trival solution
Then ⏐A⏐ = 0

1 4a a
1 3b b
=0
1 2c c

Expanding we get,

1 4a a
0 4a − 3b a − b
=0
0 4a − 2c a − c

⇒ (4a – 3a) (a – c) – (4a – 2c) (a – b) = 0

(4a2 – 4ac – 3ab + 3bc) – (4a2 – 4ab + 2bc – 2ac) = 0
–2ac + ab +bc = 0
2ac = b(a + c)
2ac
b =
a +c
is Harmonic mean of a, b, c

40. (c)
23
B’s 23 days’ work =
40

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12 ESE 2018 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

23 17
Remaining work = 1 − =
40 40
1 1 17
Now, (A+B)’s 1 day’s work = + =
45 40 360
17
work is done by A and B in 1 day
360

17 360 × 17
∴ work is done by A and B in = 9 days
40 17 × 40
So, A left after 9 days.

41. (c)
Angle between two surfaces at a point is the angle between the normal to the surfaces at that point. Now
let,
φ1 = x y 2z – 3x – z2 = 0
and φ2 = 3x 2 – y2 + 2z = 1
Then, n1 = grad φ1
= (y 2 z − 3)iˆ + (2 xyz ) jˆ + ( xy 2 − 2 z )kˆ
= iˆ − 4 jˆ + 2kˆ
and n2 = grad φ2
= 6 x iˆ − 2y jˆ + 2kˆ = 6iˆ + 4 jˆ + 2kˆ
r r r r
Since, n1 ⋅ n2 = n1 n2 cos θ
We have
r r
n1 ⋅ n2 6 − 16 + 4
cos θ = r r =
n1 n2 21 56

−6 3
= =
14 9 7 6

42. (b) P ( A ∩ B ) = P (A) × P (B ) = 0.15 × P (B)

P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A ) + P (B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) 0.45 = 0.15 + P (B) − (0.15) × P (B )
= 0.15 + P (B )(1 − 0.15)
= 0.15 + 0.85P (B )
∴ 0.85P (B) = 0.45 − 0.15 = 0.30
0.30 30 6
∴ P (B ) = = = .
0.85 85 17

43. (d)
D 3 – 3D + 2 = 0
(D – 1) (D 2 + D – 2) = 0
(D – 1)2(D + 2) = 0

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 General Studies & Engineering Aptitude | Test 4 13

D = 1, 1, –2
CF = (C1 + C2x)ex + C3e–2x

44. (a)
Probability of getting 2 tails + Prob. of getting 1 tail + Prob. of getting no tail
1 1 1 37
= 8 C2 × + 8 C1 × + 8 C0 × = .
256 256 256 256

45. (b)
⎜4x – 7⎜ = 5
4x – 7 = 5
and 4x – 7 = –5
⇒ x = 3
and x = 0.5
∴ 2|x| – |–x| = 2 × 3 – 3 = 3
1 1 1
and 2|x| – |–x| = 2 × − =
2 2 2
1
⇒ = , 3
2
46. (a)
Ratio or boys : girls = 7 : 8
Let the number of boys be 7k and girls be 8k

7 (k )(1.2) 8.4k 21
∴ = =
New ratio =
8 (k )(1.1) 8.8k 22

47. (b)
The salary of the worker = Rs. 2000
After 10% increase, salary will be

110
= × 2000 = Rs. 2200
100

90
After 10% decrease = × 2200 = Rs. 1980
100
∴ Net reduction in salary = Rs. 20

48. (c)
E is the maternal uncle of D means D is the daughter of sister (say F) of E is D × F + E.

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49. (c)
The movements of the rat from A to G are as shown in Fig.
N

20′
A B
W E
9′ C 10′
D G
5′ 6′

E 12′ F
S

Clearly, it is finally walking in the direction FG i.e, North.

50. (b)
The least possible dimension of cubie
LCM of 2, 3, 4 = 12
No. of cuboids that can be obtained

12 × 12 × 12
= = 72
2×3×4
„„„„

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