Professional Documents
Culture Documents
uxy
• 1 between 15 passive steels
• 1 between 19 active prestressing steels or materials
• concentrical array of strands
Mesh
ncL := 5 annular layers ncM := 12 meridian pieces nc := ncL ⋅ ncM total number of concrete elements in the mesh nc = 60
D
r :=
2 A c := k←1
while k ≤ ncM
j←1
while j ≤ ncL
π j
2 2
j−1
← ⋅ ⋅r −
Ac
( k− 1) ⋅ ncL+ j ncM ncL ncL ⋅ r if j > 1
0⋅ m otherwise
j← j+1
k←k+1
return A c
1
Rc := k←1
while k ≤ ncM
j←1
while j ≤ ncL
j 3 j−1
3
⋅ r − ⋅ r if j > 1
2⋅ π ncL
sin
ncL
ncM
2
← ⋅ ⋅ 0⋅ m otherwise
Rc
( k− 1) ⋅ ncL+ j 3 2⋅ π
j 2 j−1
2
⋅r − ⋅ r if j > 1
ncL
n cM
ncL
0⋅ m otherwise
j← j+1
k←k+1
return Rc
X c := k←1
while k ≤ ncM
j←1
while j ≤ ncL
k−1
Xc ← r + sin ⋅ 2⋅ π ⋅ Rc
( k− 1) ⋅ ncL+ j
ncM ( k−1) ⋅ncL+ j
j← j+1
k←k+1
return X c
Y c := k←1
while k ≤ ncM
j←1
while j ≤ ncL
k−1
Yc ← r − cos ⋅ 2⋅ π ⋅ Rc
( k− 1) ⋅ ncL+ j
ncM ( k−1) ⋅ncL+ j
j← j+1
k←k+1
return Y c
Solicited by
•
2
enter both moments positive
Mx := 20⋅ m⋅ ton
•
P := 100⋅ ton • will be assumed to compress atop and towards right
• P assumed to act at center of gravity of gross section
Enter (positive) My := 6⋅ m⋅ ton • Mx is respect axis paralell to abscissas and My respect axis paralell to ordinates
compression
• moments will be combined prior to solving for equilibrium; it is usually stated that
otherwise solution is overconservative
Passive Steel • Choose one passive Steel type from the list below.
• If you choose one Safety Factor for Steel γ y (must be bigger than -or equal to- 1 ) the strength assumed in
Steel := 12 γ y := 1.15 calculation will be the real one divided by the steel strength reduction factor. Reduction will be by affinity. This normally
will be safe
Type Steel Material • For earthquake loads safety factor must be 1 to properly capture behaviour
following list Safety Factor • You can assess the chosen steel performance by the stress-strain diagram as plotted below.
• Any number not corresponding to the list will default to case 1 (perfectly elastic-perfectly plastic steel)
1. Any perfectly elastic-perfectly plastic Input for and if Steel=1 (Perfectly Elastic-Perfectly Plastic steel)
Spanish 2. AEH-400 N
MPa denoted 3. AEH-500 N kgf
as per code 4. AEH-600 N fy := 4100 will affect exclusively Steel type 1.
2
5. AEH-400 S cm
6. AEH-500 S
7. B 400 S
8. B 500 S
9. AEH-400 F
10. AEH-500 F
11. AEH-600 F
12. Grade 60
US 13. Grade 65
ksi denoted 14. Grade 70
15. Grade 75
kgf
Es := 2100000⋅ if Steel ≤ 11 kgf
cm
2 Es = 2038903
2
cm
29000⋅ ksi otherwise
Will assume antimmetrical stress-strain laws
fy
ε y := ε y = 0.00201 yield strain when Steel =1
Es
fy kgf
= 3565.22 assumed yield stress when Steel=1
γy cm
2
3
Cold strain-hardened deformed bar steels (9 to 11)
5
σx 5 σx 0.7
+ 0.823⋅ γ y ⋅ − =ε
Es
fy γy
kgf
kgf
cm
2
cm
2
kgf
σ over_prop ( ε ) := ⋅ Find ( σx)
2
cm
Ramberg-Osgood no closed form, and we want such, so we make a fit to it
fy
fy γy
0.035 −
γy Es
Parts := 200 j := 1 .. Parts + 1 εs j := + ⋅ ( j − 1) σs j := σ over_prop ( εs j)
Es Parts
fy
γy
fscold ( ε ) := Es⋅ ε if ε ≤ 0.7⋅
Es
fss ( ε ) otherwise
4
Spanish Steels whose stress-strain diagrams are formed
by only 2 straight lines per quadrant (2 to 8)
New B 400 S and B 500 S are made equal to AEH-400 S and AEH-500 S which are very similar
kgf kgf
fy := 4100⋅ fu := 4305⋅ ε u := 0.08
2 2
cm cm
finc ( fu) := fu − fy increment of stress from turning point (fy is surmised data)
finc ( fu)
( )
E2 ε y , ε u , fu :=
εu − εy
if γ y = 1 slope at strain hardening if any
finc( fu)
γy
otherwise
γy − 1
⋅ fu
γ y εy
ε
u − −γ
E s y
εy
( )
fs2lines ε , ε y , ε u , fu := Es⋅ ε if ε ≤
γy
fy εy
γy
( )
+ E2 ε y , ε u , fu ⋅ ε −
γy
otherwise
5
American Reinforcing Passive Deformed Bars
(12 to 15)
These we rarely will use with any (steel) strength reduction factor, since this is not usual in
american codes; still, we will formulate this also for consistency and completeness of
formulation.
fψ Dφσ eση A C
Gr fσυ eψ eσυ B D
60 4218.42 7354.11 3135.69 .002016 .0091 .0729 1.748272 .173674 −.251726 1.173672
65 4569.96 7536.91 2966.96 .002204 .0086 .0717 1.75624 −.145637 −.243758 .854363
USA :=
70 4921.49 7719.71 2798.22 .002396 .0082 .0706 1.766823 −.416587 −.233175 .583412
75 5273.03 7902.51 2629.48 .002592 .0077 .0694 1.780521 −.655189 −.219478 .344811
The values are for static loads and don't take into account the higher values
attainable under high strain loading rates
ε − USARow, 6
XPAR ( ε , Row) :=
USARow , 7 − USARow, 6
2
USARow, 8⋅ XPAR ( ε , Row) + USARow , 9⋅ XPAR ( ε , Row)
YPAR ( ε , Row) :=
2
1 + USARow, 9⋅ USARow, 10 + USARow, 11⋅ XPAR ( ε , Row)
USARow, 5
fUSA ( ε , Row) := Es⋅ ε if ε ≤
γy
kgf
2
cm
⋅ USARow, 2 if ε ≤ USARow, 6 otherwise
γy
YPAR ( ε , Row) ⋅ ( USARow, 3 − USARow, 2) + USARow, 2 otherwise
6
4100⋅ kgf
cm
2
kgf Passive_SteelType := "AEH-400 N" if Steel = 2
fs_positive ( ε ) := fs2lines ε , , 0.1 , 4100⋅ if Steel = 2
Es 2 "AEH-500 N" if Steel = 3
cm
"AEH-600 N" if Steel = 4
5100⋅ kgf
2
"AEH-400 S" if Steel = 5
fs2lines ε ,
cm
, 0.1 , 5100⋅
kgf
if Steel = 3
Es 2 "AEH-500 S" if Steel = 6
cm
"B 400 S" if Steel = 7
6100⋅ kgf
2
"B 500 S" if Steel = 8
fs2lines ε ,
cm
, 0.1 , 6100⋅
kgf
if Steel = 4
Es 2 "AEH-400 F" if Steel = 9
cm
"AEH-500 F" if Steel = 10
4100⋅ kgf
2
"AEH-600 F" if Steel = 11
fs2lines ε ,
cm
, 0.08 , 4305⋅
kgf
if Steel = 5 "Grade 60" if Steel = 12
Es 2
cm
"Grade 65" if Steel = 13
5100⋅ kgf
2
"Grade 70" if Steel = 14
fs2lines ε ,
cm
, 0.05 , 5355⋅
kgf
if Steel = 6 "Grade 75" if Steel = 15
Es 2
cm return "Generic Perfectly Elastic - Perfectly Plastic" otherwise
4100⋅ kgf
2
fs2lines ε ,
cm
, 0.08 , 4305⋅
kgf
if Steel = 7
Es 2
cm
5100⋅ kgf
2
fs2lines ε ,
cm
, 0.05 , 5355⋅
kgf
if Steel = 8
Es 2
cm
if Steel = 9
kgf
fy ← 4100⋅
2
cm
return fscold ( ε )
if Steel = 10
kgf
fy ← 5100⋅
2
cm
return fscold ( ε )
if Steel = 11
kgf
fy ← 6100⋅
2
cm
return fscold ( ε )
if Steel = 12
Row ← 1
return fUSA ( ε , Row)
7
return fUSA ( ε , Row)
if Steel = 13
Row ← 2
return fUSA ( ε , Row)
if Steel = 14
Row ← 3
return fUSA ( ε , Row)
if Steel = 15
Row ← 4
return fUSA ( ε , Row)
otherwise
εy
Es⋅ ε if ε ≤
γy
Es⋅ ε y
otherwise
γy
kgf
fy := 4100⋅ if Steel = 2
2
cm
kgf
5100⋅ if Steel = 3
2
cm
kgf
6100⋅ if Steel = 4
2
cm
kgf
4100⋅ if Steel = 5
2
cm
kgf
5100⋅ if Steel = 6
2
cm
kgf
4100⋅ if Steel = 7
2
cm
kgf
5100⋅ if Steel = 8
2
cm
kgf
4100⋅ if Steel = 9
2
cm
kgf
5100⋅ if Steel = 10
2
cm
kgf
6100⋅ if Steel = 11
2
cm 8
2
cm
60⋅ ksi if Steel = 12
65⋅ ksi if Steel = 13
70⋅ ksi if Steel = 14
75⋅ ksi if Steel = 15
fy otherwise
fs ( ε ) := fs_positive ( ε ) if ε ≥ 0
−fs_positive ( −ε ) otherwise
0.035
j := 0 .. 400 εs
j+ 1
:=
200
⋅ ( j − 200) ff s
j+ 1 ( )
:= fs ε s
j+ 1
6000
4000
2000
ffs
j+ 1
kgf 0
2
cm
2000
4000
6000
0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03
εs
j
kgf
fy = 4218.42 γ y = 1.15 Passive_SteelType = "Grade 60"
2 Steel = 12
cm
α 0s := 30⋅ deg centered angle, from (negative or) -Y axis towards lowest passive bar center, enter positive if such bar to be found counterclockwise
9
My
β := atan β = 16.7 deg α s := α 0s − β 2 2 the combination moment
Mu := Mx + My Mu = 20.88 m⋅ ton we will be checking
Mx
the above defined passive bar is found (respect rotated -Y' axis --plane of flexion--, from moment combination) at α s = 13.3 deg counterclockwise, if positive
Equilibrium will be defined respect such new X' and Y' axes. We will omit primes in our notation from now on.
D
r := rto_bar := r − Cover_to_axis rto_bar = 20 cm
2
Change of axis we have made only to use single Mu; equilibrium we will establish nevertheless biaxially to account for any dissymmetry
2
Φ bar 2
A 1_bar := π ⋅ A 1_bar = 3.14 cm A s := A 1_bar
4 j
Prestmat := 11 γ py := 1
Type Prest. Material
following list Safety Factor
fraction of fpu at which the prestressing material is assumed to pass the section (without taking into account the moment effects brought by prestress)
kps := 0.55•
•
this percent permits to evaluate the prestress forces, initial without moment and then in equilibrium with the moment
• must be lower than fpyf (the prestressing material is not allowed to undergo anelastic deformation at prestress nor service level limit states)
• it is assumed the same degree of prestress will be imparted to all prestressing material.
fpu1 kgf
= 17576.75 assumed limit stress when when Prestressed
γ py cm
2 material set to 1
(18) Leadline
11
fpu18
Ep18 := 21300⋅ ksi fpu18 := 285⋅ ksi ε pu18 :=
Ep18
kgf
fpy18 := fpu18 fpu18 = 20037.49 ε pu18 = 0.01338
2
cm
per definition
value shown not as if
affected by safety assumed real limit strain when when
factor Prestressed material set to 18
ε pu18 = 0.01338
fpu19
Ep19 := 20000⋅ ksi fpu19 := 250⋅ ksi ε pu19 :=
Ep19
kgf
fpy19 := fpu18 fpu19 = 17576.75 ε pu19 = 0.0125
2
cm
per definition
value shown not as if
affected by safety assumed real limit strain when when
factor Prestressed material set to 19
ε pu19 = 0.0125
1000⋅ N
Ep := 200⋅ if AND2 ( Prestmat ≥ 2 , Prestmat ≤ 5)
2
mm
otherwise
1000⋅ N
190⋅ if AND2 ( Prestmat ≥ 6 , Prestmat ≤ 11)
2
mm
otherwise
29000⋅ ksi if AND2 ( Prestmat ≥ 15 , Prestmat ≤ 17)
otherwise
29000⋅ ksi if Prestmat = 12
otherwise
28500⋅ ksi if AND2 ( Prestmat ≥ 13 , Prestmat ≤ 14)
otherwise
Ep18 if Prestmat = 18
otherwise
Ep19 if Prestmat = 19
Ep1 otherwise
13
fpu := 1570⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 2
1670⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 3
1770⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 4
1860⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 5
1770⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 6
1860⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 7
1960⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 8
2060⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 9
1770⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 10
1860⋅ MPa if Prestmat = 11
270⋅ ksi if Prestmat = 12
270⋅ ksi if Prestmat = 13
300⋅ ksi if Prestmat = 14
150⋅ ksi if Prestmat = 15
160⋅ ksi if Prestmat = 16
157⋅ ksi if Prestmat = 17
fpu19 if Prestmat = 19
fpu18 if Prestmat = 18
fpu1 otherwise
5
σpx 5 σpx − 0.7 = ε
+ 0.823⋅ γ py ⋅
Ep f
py γ py
kgf
kgf2
cm
2
cm
kgf
σ over_prop_p ( ε ) := ⋅ Find ( σpx)
2
cm
Ramberg-Osgood no closed form and we want such so we build a fitted curve
14
fpy
fpy γ py
0.035 −
γ py Ep
Parts := 200 j := 1 .. Parts + 1 εs j := + ⋅ ( j − 1) σs j := σ over_prop_p ( εs j)
Ep Parts
fpy
γ py
fpsRO ( ε ) := Ep⋅ ε if ε ≤ 0.7⋅
Ep
fpss ( ε ) otherwise
Ep⋅ ε otherwise
otherwise
fpu19
if Prestmat = 19
Ep19
otherwise
fpu18
if Prestmat = 18
Ep18
fpu1
otherwise
Ep1
fps ( ε ) := fps_positive ( ε ) if ε ≥ 0
−fps_positive ( −ε ) otherwise
j := 0 .. 400
ε pu
ε ps := ⋅ ( j − 200)
j+ 1 200 ff ps
j+ 1 (
:= fps ε ps
j+ 1 )
15
200
4 1000
1 .10
100
ffps
j+ 1 ffps
0 j+ 1 0 ffps
kgf j+ 1 0
2 MPa
cm ksi
100
4
1 .10 1000
200
0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03
0.03 0.02 0.01
ε ps ε ps
j j
Prestress
fpu⋅ kps
ε 0 := − ε 0 = −0.00538 negative since initial tensile status of prestressing material
Ep
α 0p := 45⋅ deg centered angle, from (negative or) -Y axis towards lowest passive bar center, enter positive if such bar to be found counterclockwise
α p := α 0p − β
the above defined passive bar is found (respect rotated -Y' axis --plane of flexion--, from moment combination) at α p = 28.3 deg counterclockwise, if positive
Equilibrium will be defined respect such new X' and Y' axes. We will omit primes in our notation from now on.
D
r := rto_p_bar := r − cp rto_p_bar = 15 cm
2
16
j := 1 .. np 360⋅ deg 360⋅ deg perpendicular and paralell to
X p := r + rto_p_bar⋅ sin α p + ( j − 1) ⋅ Y p := r − rto_p_bar⋅ cos α p + ( j − 1) ⋅
np
combination moment Y plane
j
np j
since origin at lower left corner of encasing adjusted square
Change of axis we have made only to use single Mu; equilibrium we will establish nevertheless biaxially to account for any dissymmetry
A p := A p1
j
Concrete You may feel adequate Take into account? Take into account? Note
to enter a fcd reduced Formulation believed to be
1 for YES 1 for YES
fc28 := 35⋅ MPa one, or a mean Confinement := 0 0 for NO Tensile_stress := 0 0 for NO adequate even for the most
(probabilistic) real value exacting HPC, VHS concretes.
confinement 1 only if per ACI 318
the Sustained Loading strength reduction factor will have
ν SL := 0.8 Sustained Loading strength reduction factor (from 0.75 to 0.85) fc := fc28⋅ ν SL scarce effect in the strength of beams designed to fail by
see fig 39.3 in EHE code (preferably not bigger than 0.8)
steel fracture, but will be essential to the safety of columns
2
cm
fc⋅
εfc evaluation ε fc ( fc) := .0015 + .002⋅
kgf
1300
The strain at which concrete reachs its higher strenght fc is ε fc ( fc) = 0.00194
εfct evaluation
We could get approximately the strain at which the ultimate tensile strain is reached, but will
do exactly solving the equation in first quadrant:
kgf
fc = 285.52 Reminder
2
cm
17
2
cm
fc⋅
kgf
ε fc ( fc) := .0015 + .002⋅ cm
1300 ε fc ( fc) = 0.00194
cm
Given
2
fct ( fc) ε ε
= 2⋅ − ε f
fc ε fc ( fc ) fc ( c)
(
ε fct ( fc) := if Tensile_stress , ε fct0 , 0 ) ε fct ( fc) = 0
100 .0039
350 .0035
kgf
Stress := ⋅ 500 Strain := .0028
2
cm
800 .0028
1200 .0034
vs := lspline ( Stress , Strain) ε cu ( fc) := interp ( vs , Stress , Strain , fc)
The ultimate strain for the given fc for a flexural condition like this is then ε cu ( fc) = 0.00371
( ) ( )
18
σ ( ε ) := fc⋅ 0 if ε < ε fct ( fc)
otherwise
− ε −ε
2
− 1⋅ 2⋅ − ε f if ε fct ( fc) ≤ ε ≤ 0
ε fc ( fc ) fc ( c)
otherwise
2
2⋅ ε − ε if 0 < ε ≤ ε f
ε f ε f fc ( c)
fc ( c) fc ( c)
otherwise
2 2
ε − 2⋅ ε ⋅ ε fc ( fc) + ε fc ( fc)
1 − ( 1 − kεcu) if ε fc ( fc) < ε ≤ ε cu ( fc)
2 2
ε cu ( fc) − 2⋅ ε fc ( fc) ⋅ ε cu ( fc) + ε fc ( fc)
kgf
Say ε := 0.00114 σ ( ε ) = 237.02
2
cm
19
2
Pmax := π ⋅
D
⋅ fc we accept to no make it interact with atop and at bottom strains for
2 steel voids deductions
r − z
b ( z , r) := 2⋅ r⋅ sin acos b1 ( z , r) := b [ r − ( z − r) , r]
r
r 2⋅ r
⌠ fc ⌠ fc
Pref := ⋅ z⋅ ( 4⋅ r − z) ⋅ b ( z , r) dz + ⋅ z⋅ ( 4⋅ r − z) ⋅ b1 ( z , r) dz
4⋅ r
2 4⋅ r
2
⌡0⋅ m ⌡r
Mu
eto_center :=
P eto_center = 20.88 cm We will be assuming P, Mu data referred to center of brute section as usual
and will establish equilibrium integrating moments respect bottom of the
section; that is, the moment of the P as per above implied positioned will be
D
e_to_bottom := eto_center + e_to_bottom = 45.88 cm in place equilibrated by the moments of inner forces in steel and concrete;
2 all moments will be referred to bottom edge of section.
We need 3 epsilons to define a status of the section in the plane remain plane hypothesis.
ε 2 := 0.0005 top left vertex (on ordinate axis) referred to bottom left corner of the encasing adjusted square
y x
( )
ε x , y , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ε 1 +
D
( )
⋅ ε2 − ε1 + ⋅ ε3 − ε1
D
( )
We will take into account the displaced concrete diminishing the ability of steel to contribute to
equilibrium in exactly the value of the displaced (absent) concrete force. So, the corresponding
total forces for passive steel with the effect of displaced concrete dumped unto them are
20
n
(
SteelForce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ ( ((
A s ⋅ fs ε X s , Y s , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k k ) ) − σ ( ε ( X s , Y s , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3) ) )
k k
k=1
(
SteelMoment_X ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ k k ( ((
Y s ⋅ A s ⋅ fs ε X s , Y s , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k ) ) − σ ( ε ( Xs , Ys , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3) ) )
k k
respect bottom (abscissas) axis
k=1
(
SteelMoment_Y ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ k k ( ((
X s ⋅ A s ⋅ fs ε X s , Y s , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k ) ) − σ ( ε ( Xs , Ys , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3) ) )
k k
respect left (ordinates) axis
k=1
np
(
PrestressForce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ ( ( (
A p ⋅ fps ε 0 + ε X p , Y p , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k k ) ) − σ ( ε ( Xp , Yp , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3) ) )
k k
k=1
np
(
PrestressMoment_X ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ ( ( (
Y p ⋅ A p ⋅ fps ε 0 + ε X p , Y p , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k k k ) ) − σ ( ε ( Xp , Yp , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3) ) )
k k
k=1
np
(
PrestressMoment_Y ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ ( ( (
X p ⋅ A p ⋅ fps ε 0 + ε X p , Y p , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k k k ) ) − σ ( ε ( Xp , Yp , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3) ) )
k k
k=1
nc
(
ConcreteForce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ ((
Ac ⋅ σ ε Xc , Yc , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k k ))
k=1
nc
(
ConcreteMoment_X ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ ((
Yc ⋅ Ac ⋅ σ ε Xc , Yc , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k k k )) respect bottom (abscissas) axis
k=1
nc
(
ConcreteMoment_Y ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) ∑ ((
Xc ⋅ Ac ⋅ σ ε Xc , Yc , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
k k k k )) respect left (ordinates) axis
k=1
( ) ( )
Totalforce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := SteelForce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 + ConcreteForce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 + PrestressForce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Totalmoment_X ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := SteelMoment_X ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 + Concrete Moment_X ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 + PrestressMoment_X ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Totalmoment_Y ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := SteelMoment_Y ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 + Concrete Moment_Y ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 + PrestressMoment_Y ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ( ) ( )
21
(
MaxCstrain ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ) maxe ← 0 the maximum (mean) compresive stress
for j ∈ 1 .. nc in our meshed elements
j (
maxe ← ε X c , Y c , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3
j ) ( )
if ε X c , Y c , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ≥ maxe
j j
maxe
( )
ε cu_current ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 := ( )
ε cu ( fc) if ConcreteForce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ≤ Pref
ConcreteForce ( ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3) Pref
2
−
Pmax Pmax
ε cu ( fc) + ( ε fc ( fc) − ε cu ( fc) ) 2
otherwise
P ref
1 −
Pmax
Given
( )
Totalforce ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 = P
Mu
( )
Totalmoment_X ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 = P⋅ r +
P
(
Totalmoment_Y ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 = P⋅ r ) since we have reduced the problem to plane P, M
( ) (
MaxCstrain ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ≤ ε cu_current ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 )
(
Result := Find ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 )
ε 1 := Result1 ε 2 := Result2 ε 3 := Result3
(
ε 4 := ε D , D , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 )
((
fconc ( x , y ) := σ ε x , y , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ))
(
Max_Concrete_stress := σ MaxCstrain ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ( )) ((
fc_max_inferred := σ ε 0⋅ m , D , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ))
(( )) 22
((
fsteel ( xa , ya) := fs ε xa , ya , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 )) (
ε c_max_inferred := ε 0⋅ m , D , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 )
Attack Angle := 0⋅ deg
( )
MaxCstrain ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 = 0.0011
D ε1 ε 3
TraceAngle := atan ⋅ −
D ε 1 − ε 2 ε 3 − ε 4
( (
fps_at_equilibrium := fps ε 0 + ε r , r , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ))
My
Please note we have solved equilibrium in axes different from those data, so rotated β = 16.7 deg where β := atan
Mx
kgf kgf
Max_Concrete_stress = 232.09 fc_max_inferred = 250.23
2 2
cm cm
(
MaxCstrain ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ) = 29.68 %
ε c_max_inferred
= 33.92 %
ε cu_current ( ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3) (
ε cu_current ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 )
i := 1 .. nc xi := X c y i := Y c zi := fconc ( xi , y i)
i i
23
Concrete Stresses
• Plot curtailed to
centers of
considered
concrete elements
• If you want more
precision use
elements of lesser
size
x , y , z
cm cm kgf
cm
2
j := 1 .. n xx j := X s yy j := Y s zz j := fsteel ( xx j , yy j)
j j
Lower_Steel_stress
= −37.61 % Higher_Steel_stress
fy = 48.52 %
fy
24
Steel Stresses
xx , yy , zz
cm cm kgf
cm
2
Prestressing Material Stresses Prior to apply moments and axial force fps_as_prestressed = −1023 MPa
j := 1 .. np xxx j := X p
j
yyy j := Y p
j
( (
zzz j := fps ε 0 + ε xxx j , yyy j , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ))
Lower_Prestress_Mat_stress Higher_Prestress_Mat_stress
= −60.02 % = −47.67 %
fpu fpu
25
Prestressing Material Stresses
Strains
i := 1 .. nc xi := X c
i
y i := Y c
i
(
epsiloni := ε xi , y i , ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 )
x , y , epsilon
cm cm
26
0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03
ε ps
j
27