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Atomic Structure PDF
Atomic Structure PDF
a
CHEMISTRY
TARGET IIT JEE 2007
XI (P, Q, R, S)
l l i f W&M :: ! '
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
CONTENTS
KEY-CONCEPTS
EASY GO
REFRESH YOUR CONCEPT
TOUGHROAD
ENJOY
ANSWER KEY
Physical Constants"
Constant and Symbolb SI Value Gaussian Value
Speed of light in vaccum c 2.99 xl0 8 m/s 2.99 x 1010 cm/s
Proton & electron charge e 1.60 x 10~19C 4.8 x 10~10 statC
Permittivity of vaccum £
o 8.85 x 10"12 C2/N-m2
Avogadro constant Na 6.02 x 1023 mol"1 6.02 x 1023 mol"1
Electron rest mass m
e 9.10 x 10~31 kg 9.10 x 10-28g
(0.000548 amu)
Proton rest mass mp 1.67 x 10~27 kg 1.67 x 10~24 g
(1.00757 amu)
Neutron rest mass 1.67 x 10"27 kg 1.67 x 10~24g
(1.00893 amu)
Planck constant h 6.62 x 10-34 J s 6.62 x 10"27 erg s
Permeability of vaccums 471 x 10"7 NC"2 s2
Bohr radius 5.29 x lO^11 m 0.529 x 10-8cm
2
a
o
, Z
Bohr's velocity 2.188 xlO6 x —m/sec. 2.188 xlO8 x —cm/sec.
n n
Z2
Bohr's energy -21.8xlO"19^2"J/atom -21.8 xi0~12erg/atom
(-13.6 eV/atom)
Bohr magneton (BM) Pe 9.27 x 10"24 J/T
Gas constant R 8.3145 J/mol-K 8.3145 x 107erg/mol-K
Boltzmann constant k 1.38 x 10"23 J/K 1.30 x 10"16 erg/K
Gravitional constant G 6.67 x 10"11 m3/kg-s2 6.67 x 10~8cm3/g-s2
Energy Conversion Factors 3
1 erg = 10"7 J
1 cal = 4.184 J
1 eV= 1.602177 x 10~19 J = 1.602177 x 10"12 erg = 23.0605 kcal/mol
GreekAlphabet
Alpha A a Beta B P
Gmnma r Y Delta A 5
Epsilon E 8 Zeta Z c
Eta
Iota
H
A
I
r|
i
X
Theta
Kappa
Mu
©
K
M
K
0
Lambda
Nu N v Xi H~<
Omicron 0 o Pi n %
Rho P P Sigma 2 a
Tau T X Upsilon Y u
Phi
Psi
® <>
¥
t Chi
Omega
X
Q CO
X
1 1 1 mM
3. Reducedmass -"77 + — = m = mass of e~; M = Mass of nucleus
H M m m+M
h
4. Photon is considered massless bundle of energy. But to find its mass use m = ^
5. E = mc 2 , E = hv = he/ X = he v
no. of molecules reacting
6. Quantum efficiency
y or Quantum Yield = 7 I 7 7 ,
^ no. of quanta absorbed
7. Rn = R,(A)1/3 , R, = 1.33xl0",3cm A = massnumber
8. d . =
neucleus
A
N
N 4
o
j
1
3 ^
1i™ vf,, = K—^—
—mJ
Z 2e . tTan— = K.z f—
; ~Z ~
^
a
a
2
Z
a ^ '
Ldn
6
2 m V
e e
k. b
number of a particles at 6 = I
^T™TT7T ; b = impact parameter
1
sin 0/2
1 -
xZ 2
X
= v= r
9. Rydberg's Equation ~~ H
,n1 n
2
10. Limiting spectral line (series limit) means n,= oo
11. Ha line means we know n t , n, (longest X , shortest v , least E) [ H a , Hp , H^, Hg ]
n(n-l)
12. No. of wavelengths observed in the spectrum = ———
when or2deexcites to ground state , n = no. of higher orbit
13. 1 /2 mv = hv - hv°(w) (work function or B. E.)
he
v° = Threshhold frequency W = hv0 = ^
n2 h2 z 2ne
20.
" 7 >.
r = —x 2 2 21. v= - x
n h
22. Z 47t e m 23. Time for one revolution = 2nr/v
24. revolutions per sec== v/27tr - En glven = 2 3 A
Separation energy
25. No. of waves = n = no. of shells
26. I.E. = E„ - E
n=co
, , f . (K, L, M, N)
g r o u n d state o r e - v ' ' ' J
27. n = n + nA (Sommerfeld model)
r <P
150
28. A. = h/mv = h/p A
^ ]J Vinvolts
30. En ^ KE KE = 1/2 mv 2 , E = hv ? 31. Ax.Ap > h/4n
32. v1/2 = a(z-b) b = screening constant 33. Radius of e~ = 2.8 x 10~!3 cm mc'
34. Nucleons 35. Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones (A - Z)
36. Isoelectronic 37. Isosters
38. Isodiaphers (A-2Z) 39. paramagnetic
40. Diamagnetic 41. Core, Kernel, core charge, optical e~
[Valence shell, outermost shell, pentultimate shell]
h h
42.
2rc
L= — V'C + 1) 43.
2n
S= — VS(S + 1) ; S = S —
2 7i
44. (i= ^'n(n + 2)B.M. n = number of unpaired ;
I 0 1 2 3
s P d f
= lO"14 10"13 lO"11 10"9 10"7 10"6 1 O"5 10"3 10"' 10°
8
» I' i 0" 1O"4 1(r 2
1Cr
meters.
Distinction between the wave - particle nature of a photon and the particle-wave nature of sub-
atomic particle.
PHOTON SUB ATOMIC PARTICLE
c h
2. Wavelength = — Wavelength = —
v mv
Note: We should never interchange any of the above and to write electronic conf. of Cation first
write for neutral atom & then remove e~ from outermost shell.
2- 2
x y
xy
y ( z 2 - x 2 ) x 3 _ y 3
Angular part of the wave function: The figures show shapes of atomic orbitals as polar plots. The direction
in which the angular part is positive (negative) is indicated in blue (red). A surface on which the angular part of the
wave function vanishes is called an angular node. It may be a plane or the surface of the conc. The s, p, d and f
orbitals have 0,1,2, and 3 angular nodes respectively.
Q. 1 Atoms consists of protons, neutrons and electrons. If the mass of neutrons and electrons were made half
and two times respectively to their actual masses, then the atomic mass of6C12.
(A) Will remain approximately the same (B) Will become approximately two times
(C) Will remain approximately half (D) Will be reduced by 25%
Q.2 Which ofthe following is not true in Rutherford's nuclear model of atom
(A) Protons and neutrons are present inside nucleus
(B) Volume of nucleus is very small as compared to volume of atom
(C) The number of protons and neutrons are always equal
(D) The number of electrons and protons are always equal
Q. 3 When a - particles are sent thought a thin metal foil, most of them go straight through the foil because
(one or more are correct)
(A) Alpha particles are much heavier than electrons
(B) Alpha particles are positively charged
(C) Most part of the atom is empty space
(D) Alpha particles move with high velocity '
Q.4 Bohr's model can explain
(A) The spectrum of hydrogen atom only
(B) Spectrum of atom of iron containing one electron only
(C) The spectrum of hydrogen molecule
(D) The solar spectrum
Q. 5 The ratio of the energy of a photon of2000 A wavelength radiation to that of4000 A radiation is
(A) 1/4 (B)4 (C) 1 / 2 (D) 2
Q. 6 Bohr model of an atom could not account for
(A) Emission spectrum (B) Absorption spectrum
(C) Line spectrum of hydrogen (D) Fine spectrum
Q. 7 The maximum energy is present in any electron at
(A) Nucleus (B) Ground state
(C) First excited state (D) Infinite distance from the nucleus
Q. 8 Which electronic level would allow the hydrogen atom to absorb a photon but not to emit a photon
(A) 3s (B)2p (C)2s (D) Is
Q.9 The third line in Balmer series corresponds to an electronic transition between which Bohr's orbits in
hydrogen
(A) 5 3 (B) 5 -» 2 (C) 4 —» 3 (D) 4 -» 2
Q. 10 Correct set of four quantum numbers for valence electron of rubidium( Z - 37) is
(A) 5, 0,0, + ^ (B)5,l,0,+| (C)5,l,l,+| (D) 6, 0, 0, + \
Q. 11 The correct set of quantum numbers for the unpaired electron of chlorine atom is
n / m n I m
(A) 2 1 0 (B) 2 1 1
(C) 3 1 1 (D) 3 0 0
(A) 3 2 - 2 ^ '(B) 4 0 0 |
(C) 3 2 -3 | (D) 5 3 0 |
Q. 17 The explanation for the presence of three unpaired electrons in the nitrogen atom can be given by
(A) Pauli's exclusion principle (B) Hund's rule
(C) Aufbau's principle (D) Uncertainty principle
Q. 18 The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the Mth shell is
(A) 2 (B) 8 (C) 18 (D) 32
Q. 19 Elements upto atomic number 103 have been synthesized and studied. If a newly discovered element is
found to have an atomic number 106, its electronic configuration will be
(A) [Rn]5f14,6d4, 7s2 ' (B) [Rn]5f14, 6d\ 7s2 7p3
(C) [Rn]5f14,6d6,7s° (D) [Rn]5f14,6d5,7s1
Q. 2 0 Which quantum number will determine the shape of the subshell
(A) Principal quantum number (B) Azimuthal quantum number
(C) Magnetic quantum number (D) Spin quantum number
Q.21 Anisostereis
(A) NO; and O,
) - a n u w j (B) NO; and P034" (C) C0 2 , N 2 0, NOT (D) C/OT and OCN"
Q.22 The electronic configuration of an element is 1 s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s1. This represents its
(A) Excited state (B) Ground state (C) Cationic form (D) Anionic form
Q .23 Which of the following has maximum number of unpaired electron (atomic number of Fe 26)
(A) Fe (B) Fe (II) (C) Fe (III) (D)Fe (IV)
TOUGH ROAD
Q. 1 X-rays emitted from a copper target and a molybdenum target are found to contain a line of wavelength
22.85 nm attributed to the Ka line of an impurity element. The Ka lines of copper (Z=29) and molybdenum
(Z = 42) have wavelength 15.42 nm and 7.12 nm respectively. Using Moseley's law, y1/2 = a (Z - b)
calculate the atomic number of the impurity element.
Q. 2 Calculate the energy emitted when electrons of 1.0 g atom of hydrogen undergo transition giving the
spectral lines of lowest energy in the visible region of its atomic spectra.
Q. 15 A particle of charge equal to that of an electron and mass 208 times the mass of the electron moves in a
circular orbit around a nucleus of charge +3e. Assuming that the Bohr model ofthe atom is applicable to this
system, (a) derive an expression for the radius ofthe nth bohr orbit, (b)findthe value ofn for which the radius
of the orbit is approximately the same as that ofthefirstBohr orbit for th ehydrogen atom, and (c)findthe
wavelength ofthe radiation emitted when the revolving particle jumps from the third orbit to the first.
Q. 16 A neutrons breaks into a proton and an electron. This decay ofneutron is accompanied by release of energy.
Assuming that 50% ofthe energy is produced in the form ofelectromagentic radiation, what will be the frequency
ofradiation produced. Will this photon be sufficient to cause ionization ofAluminium. In case it is able to do so
what will be the energy ofthe electron ejectedfromthe Aliuninium atom. IE, =ofAl=577 KJ/mol
Q.17 Find the number of photons of radiation of frequency 5 x 1013s_I that must be absorbed in order to melt
one gm ice when the latent heat of fusion of ice is 330 J/g.
Q. 18 A base ball of mass 200 g is moving with velocity 30 x 102 cm/s. If we can locate the base ball with an
error equal in magnitude to the A, of the light used (5000 A), how will the uncertainty in momentum be
compared with the total momentum of base ball.
(!§ Bansal Classes Atomic Structure [16]
Q.19 The dye aeriflavine, when dissolved in water, has its maximum light absorption at 4530 A and its maximum
fluorescence emission at 5080 A. The number of fluorescence quanta is, on the average, 53% of the
number of quanta absorbed. Using the wavelengths of maximum absorption and emission, what % of
absorbed energy is emitted as fluorescence?
Q.20 An electron has a speed of 40 m/s, accurate up to 99.99%. What is the uncertainity in locating its
position.
Q.21 Hydrogen atom in its ground state is excited by means ofmonochromatic radiation ofwavelength 975A. How
many different lines are possible in the resulting spectrum? Calculate the longest wavelength amongst them.
Q.22 An alpha particle after passing through a potential difference of 2 x 106 volt falls on a silver foil. The
atomic number of silver is 47. Calculate (i) the K.E. of the alpha-particle at the time of falling on the foil,
(ii) K.E. of the a - particle at a distance of 5 x 10~14m from the nucleus, (iii) the shortest distance from
the nucleus of silver to which the a-particle reaches.
Q.23 Calculate the de-broglie wavelength associated with motion of earth (mass 6 x 1024 Kg) orbiting around
the sun at a speed of 3 x 106 m/s.
ke2
Q.24 Suppose the potential energy between electron and proton at a distance r is given by 3 Use
3r •
Bohr's theory to obtain energy of such a hypothetical atom.
Q.25 An energy of 68 eV is required to excite a hydrogen like atom from its second Bohr orbit to the third.
The nuclear charge is Ze. Find the value of Z, the kinetic energy of the electron in the first Bohr orbit and
the wavelength of the radiation required to eject the electrons from the first Bohr orbit to infinity.
Q.26 A proton captures a free electron whose K.E. is zero & forms a hydrogen atom of lowest energy-level
(n = 1). If a photon is emitted in this process, what will be the wavelength of radiation? In which region
of electromagnetic spectrum, will this radiation fall? (Ionisation potential of hydrogen =13.6 volt,
h = 6.6 x 10_34K/s, C = 3.0 x 10s m/s)
Q.27 The ionisation energy of the hydrogen atom is given to be 13.6 eV. A photon falls on a hydrogen atom
which is initially in the ground state and excites it to the (n=4)state.
(a) show this transition in the energy-level diagram &
(b) calculate the wavelength of the photon.
Q.29 Find the wavelength of the first line of He+ ion spectral series whose interval between extreme line is
— - — = 2.7451xl04 cm-1
Q. 5 Consider the hydrogen atom to be a proton embedded in a cavity of radius a0 (Bohr radius) whose
charge is neutralised by the addition of an electron to the cavity in vacuum, infinitely slowly. Estimate the
average total energy of an electron in its ground state in a hydrogen atom as the work done in the above
neutralisation process. Also, if the magnitude of the average K.E. is half the magnitude of the average
P.E.,findthe average potential energy.
1997
Q. 6 An electron can undergo diffraction by crystals. Through what potential should a beam of electron be
accelerated so that its wavelength become equal to 1.54 A°.
Q. 7 With what velocity should an a-particle travel towards the nucleus of a Cu atom so as to arrive at a
distance 10~13m.
Q. 8 Thefirstuse of quantum theory to explain the structure of atom was made by:
(A) Heisenburg (B) Bohr (C) Planck (D) Einstein
Q.9 A compound of Vanadium has magnetic moment of 1.73 BM work out electronic configuration of
Vanadium Ion in the compound.
1998
Q. 10 The energy of an electron in thefirstBohr orbit of H atom is -13.6 eV. The possible energy value(s) of
the excited state(s) for electrons in Bohr orbits of hydrogen is/are:
(A) - 3.4 eV (B) - 4.2 eV (C> - 6.8 eV (D) + 6.8 eV
1999
Q. 11 The electrons, identified by n & I ; (i) n = 4 , / = 1 (ii) n = 4 , / = 0
(iii) n = 3 , 1=2 (iv) n = 3, 1 = 1 can be placed in order of increasing energy, from the lowest
to highest as :
(A) (iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i) (B) (ii) < (iv) < (i)
(C)(i)<(iii)<(ii)<(iv) (D)(iii)<(i)<(iv)<(ii)
(A) n u t t t (B) u n t i l -
(C) t l tl t I I (D)ti t l 4 1 I
2000
Q. 13 The electronic configuration of an element is 1 s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1. This represents its:
(A) excited state (B) ground state (C) cationic form (D) anionic form
2003
Q. 20 Wavelength of high energy transition of H-atoms is 91.2 nm. Calculate the corresponding wavelength of
He atoms.
2004
Q.21 The sping magnetic moment of cobalt of the compund Hg[Co(SCN)J is [Given: Co+2]
(A)V3 (B)V8 (C)Vi5 (D)V24
Q.22 The radius of which of the following orbit is same as that of thefirstBohr's orbit of hydrogen atom?
(A) He+ (n = 2) (B)Li2+(n = 2) (C)Li2+(n = 3) (D)Be3+(n = 2)
1 / A3/2 r
¥2s =
4V2TC a„
2 - — —
V ~ o y V
a. o /
Q.16 319.2 KJ/mol Q.l 7 6.57xl0"34 Js Q.18 8.68 % Q.19 0.62 A Q.20 3.06V
BOHR'S MODEL
Q.21 - 1.36 x 10^ Joules Q.22 -5.425xl0~12 ergs, 3.7x10~5 cm
19
Q.23 1220 A
Q.24 5.44 xlO 5 m/s Q.25 2 ; 9.75 x 104 cm-1 Q.26 3 , 6563 A , 1215 A , 1026 A
Q.27 113.74 A Q.28 10.2eV,z = 2 Q.29 3
GENERAL
Q.30 14pm Q.31 6.03X10"4 volt Q.32 1.05xl0"13m
TOUGH ROAD
Q2. 182.5 KJ Q3. 292.68x1021 atoms, 162.60x1021 atoms, 832.50 KJ Q4. 331.13xl04J
6 _1 5
Q5. h/7i Q6. 3.63 xl0 m Q7. 938 A Q8. 1.35xl0 Q9. 8xl06
Q10. 6530x1012Hz Qll. 3.88pm Q12. 5 ; 340 ev , - 6 8 0 eV Q13 . 3.09 x 108cm/sec
n2 h2
Q14. Brackett;2.63 xlO^cm Q15. r11= ? . n = 25;55.2pm
47t~x3e2 x208m e
Q16. 8.83 xlO19 Hz, yes, 58.5xl0-15 J Q17. 1022
Q18. 1.75 x 10-28 Q19. 47.26% Q.20 0.0144m Q21. six,18800A
n6h6
Q22. 6.4xl0-13 J, 2.1xlO"13J, 3.4xl0-14m Q23. 3.68 xi0" 6 5 m Q24. E=
V
" * . ,
384 m K e %
Q25. 6 ; 489.6 eV, 25.28 A Q26. 910A;U.V. Q27. 973.5 A
Q28. +1/2,+1/2,+1/2,+3/2 and 2,2,2,4 Q29. 4689 A Q30. 303.89 A , 2.645 x 10"9 cm
ENJOY
20
Q.l 2.186 x 10" Joules Q2. 9.7xl0" 8 m Q3. 27419.25 cm-1 Q4. B
e2 2e 2
Q5. ^ Q6. 63.12 volts Q7. 6.3 x 106 m/s Q8. B
47i:80a0 47t80a0
Q9. [Ar] 3d1 Q10. A Qll. A Q12. AandD Q13. B, C Q14. A
Q15. 97.819 KJ Q16. C Q17. D Q18. C. Q19. D Q20. 22.8nm
35
Q21. C Q22. D Q.23 (i) r0 = 2afl, (ii) 6.626 x 10 m
(!§ Bansal Classes Atomic Structure [16]