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VIRTUAL REALITY OF TRAFFIC PARK AS A TRAFFIC RECOGNITION

MEDIA BASED ON ANDROID

‘Yan Eka Fajar Ramadhan1)

1)
Informatics Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Atlas Nusantara, Malang
Jalan Teluk Pacitan 14 Malang
Email: yanekafr@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Traffic accidents can be caused by several factors including the driver of the vehicle, bad weather and the environment.
The violation of traffic signs is one of the most dominant factors. Vehicle drivers often don’t understand and as if they
don’t want to know about the rules of traffic signs. The process of introducing traffic signs should start early, in this case
start from Elementary School, because of the current learning process using textbook reference, so it takes time to
understand it. The design of the application is made by designing a 3-dimensional traffic park complete with traffic signs
in the 3ds max application, then assembled and added functions to each object sign in the Unity application. The
research method was carried out by retrieving data directly in the municipal police department of Dikyasa Malang, and
textbook of third grade elementary school Moh. Hatta Malang. Data on traffic signs that have been collected will be
processed to be implemented in the form of Android-based virtual reality applications. The Virtual Reality application
trial was conducted on 10 users of third grade elementary school students by doing the pretest and posttest, the pretest
results were taken from the students' daily test scores and the posttest values were taken from the quiz scores after using
the Virtual Reality application. From the 10 questions in the posttest quiz, it was found that the average score of pretest
scores is 82.4 and thescore is increase to 86 on posttest scores. It can be concluded that the virtual reality learning
process of introducing traffic signs with the Android platform has succeeded in increasing the third grade SDI student
Moh. Hatta Malang.

Kata Kunci: Virtual Reality, Recognition Media, Traffic Signs, Unity, Android.

1. PRELIMINARY practicing them as a form of traffic awareness on the

Traffic accidents can be caused by several factors
including the driver of the vehicle, road conditions,
weather, and the environment. According to (Widodo,
2006) The main factors in the occurrence of traffic
accidents are caused by humans themselves, in addition to
the existence of external human factors (natural
conditions, road conditions, vehicle conditions) and
internal human factors (drivers) that play a very important
role because basically the accident was caused by the
driver who’s driving a vehicle inadvertently, too fast and
ignoring the traffic signs on the highway. To reduce the
number of accidents caused by ignorance of regulations
on traffic signs, it is necessary to introduce traffic signs
since elementary school aged 7 - 12 years. (Purwanto,
2017)
Elementary School as one of the levels of education
in Indonesia that have an important role in providing
teaching to students who are still in the early category,
namely between 7 - 12 years (Mathya, 2010). Learning
done in elementary school includes a variety of things
which are all summarized in the eye lessons provided and
other skills or knowledge. Some subjects are known as
thematic subjects including learning to introduce traffic
signs. Learning to introduce traffic signs is a subject that
helps children to learn traffic signs by seeing and directly
highway.
Technologi development of information and
communication are plays an important role in the
infrastructure facilities of the learning process for
elementary school students. In addition, to facilitate
students in helping the learning process in a fun, creative
and imaginative way, information and communication
technology is also used as a source of learning and
recognition in cyberspace. With the above problems, much
can be done to educate students through increasingly
sophisticated media or technology in delivering
information, for example Virtual Reality.
Virtual Reality technology has been widely applied in
the fields of industry, entertainment, military, education
and so forth. The main advantage of Virtual Reality is the
experience that make users feel the sensation of the real
world in cyberspace. This is the background of the use of
Android-based Virtual Reality technology in the
introduction of traffic signs to children, which will be
packaged according to existing standards.
2. THE SCOPE OF RESEARCH
The problems are focused on:
a. How to design and create a virtual reality of
traffic park as an introduction traffic signs based
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on Android?
b. How do you know about the results of learning
introduce traffic signs on virtual reality?
3. RESEARCH METHODS
3.1. VIRTUAL REALITY
Virtual Reality is a computer-generated world that
involves one or more human senses and is generated in
real time by the actions of participants. The "real time"
sensitivity of the computer by the actions of participants
distinguishes VR from other types of computer simulation.
The participants in the VR environment are receptors and
creators at the same time, in a world where perceptual
objects are created by action.
The earlier Virtual Reality technology was the Aspen
Cinema Map, which was created by MIT in 1977. The
program was a rough simulation of the city of Aspen in
Colorado. There, users can wander in one of three seasons
namely summer, winter and spring.
Based on the book Developing Virtual Reality written
by (Alan B. Craig, 2009) said that "the hardware used for
virtual reality systems is broadly categorized as follows:
a. Computer (graphics engine)
b. Visual display
c. Aural display
d. Haptic display
e. Other Sensor Display
f. Input devices and user tracking
In addition to hardware components, there are also
software components as follows:
a. Nature of law - simulation code
b. Rendering libraries
c. VR libraries
d. Additional software
3.2. TRAFFIC PARK
Traffic Parks are a place for traffic play and
learning, both for children and anyone who cares and
wants to learn about traffic (Wegangsulangjani, 2011).
Traffic parks are miniature highways with paths and roads
that are comparable in size to small vehicles. Often in
traffic parks there are traffic signs and there are even
employees who work as traffic police.
According to Minister of Transportation Regulation
Number 13 of 2014, Traffic Signs are parts of road
equipment in the form of lights, letters, numbers,
sentences, and / or combinations that serve as warnings,
prohibitions, orders, or instructions for road users. Traffic
signs can be grouped as follows:
a. Warning sign
b. Ban signs
c. Command sign
d. Signpost instructions
3.3. ANDROID
Android is an operating system on mobile phones
that is open and based on the Linux operating system.
Android provides an open platform for developers to
create their own applications that will be used for various
mobile devices.
The following are the components of the Android
application, namely:
a. Activities
b. Service
c. Broadcast Receiver
d. Content Provider
In addition, there are several components of application
requirements, namely:
a. Global Positioning System (GPS)
b. SQLite
c. Eclipse
d. ADT (Android Development Tools)
e. SDK (Software Development Kit)
3.4. UNITY 3D
Unity 3D is one of the best software for developing
three-dimensional games and besides that it is also an
interactive software or application and or can also be
used to create three-dimensional animation. 3D Unity is
more precisely described as one of the software to develop
video games or also called game engines, which are
comparable to other game engines, for example: Director
and Torque game engine. In addition, Unity 3D is a
multiplatform game engine that allows games that have
been created to be used for various platforms such as
Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, PS3, and also Wii
(Roedavan, 2014)
Unity 3D Features are (Unity, 2018):
a. The editor is complete and can be developed
b. Art and Design Tools
c. Rendering Graphics
d. Engine Performance
e. Platform
f. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality
g. Unity Asset Store
3.5. UML
A standardization of modeling languages for
software development is built using object-oriented
programming techniques namely the Unified Modeling
Language (UML). UML is a visual language that becomes
a standard for specifying, describing, constructing, and
documenting software systems (Sugiarti, 2013).
1. Use Case Diagram
Use Case Diagrams describe the behavior of
information systems that will be created. Use
Case describes an interaction between one or
more actors with the information system that will
be created.
2. Activity Diagram
The activity diagram describes the work flow or
activity of a system, but not the activity of the
actor. In addition, it also describes how the
system flow begins, the choices (decisions) that
may occur, and how the system flows.
3. Sequence Diagram
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Sequence diagram is a diagram that is used to

describe the behavior of objects in the use case
by describing the process of the object with the
message sent.
4. Class Diagram
Class diagrams are used to describe the structure
in a system object. This diagram shows the class
object that composes the system and also the
relationship between the class object.
5. Deployment Diagram
Deployment diagrams or decomposition
diagrams are used to describe node architecture
for hardware and software.

3.6. FSM
Finite state machine (FSM) is method of a control
system design that describes the behavior or working
principle of the system by using following three things: Picture 1 Use Case of Application
State (event), event (Genesis) and action (action). At one
time in a significant period of time, the system will be in Diagram use case on picture 1 is use case of display
one of the active states. The system can switch or on application. The application has not yet displayed the
transition to another state if it gets input or certain events, definition of traffic signs, in this application users ride
whether from external devices or components in the bicycles, bicycles function as travel aids, users can move
system itself. This transition of conditions is generally the bike forward, backward, turn right, turn left according
accompanied by actions taken by the system when to the path in the traffic park. Users can also listen to the
responding to input that occurs. The actions that taken can audio explanation of traffic signs through headphones.
be in the form of simple actions or involve a relatively
complex set of processes (Setiawan, 2006).

4. DESIGN
4.1 Design Analysis
The problem that will be discussed in this study is
lack of understanding about the meaning of existing traffic
signs on the road. Problems arise when the introduction of
traffic signs does not start early. Because of the
introduction from an early age, the driver or traffic user is
expected to better understand so that no accident is caused
by the driver's fault. But to introduce traffic signs to
children is not easy, it needs an innovation or new
learning media so that children become more enthusiastic
and have a high interest in learning traffic signs. From
these problems, the solution designed in this study is to
make an application for the introduction of traffic signs Picture 2 Activity Diagram of moving the bike forward
that provide different experiences in each moment, more
interesting for children with designs that make children Picture 2 shows Activity Diagrams to move forward
not get bored quickly by utilizing virtual reality bikes in the application. The application has not displayed
technology. a description of the traffic signs, users can use analog up
to move the forward bicycle according to the
4.2 Program Flow predetermined route.
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Picture 3 Activity Diagram of moving a bicycle
backwards
Picture 3 is an Activity Diagram to move the bicycle
backwards in the application. The application has not
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can use
analog down to move the bike backwards if they want to
look back at the traffic signs that have been seen or see the
signs that have been passed.
Picture 4 Activity Diagram of moving the bike turn right
Picture 4 show Activity Diagrams to move the bike
turn right inside the application. The application has not
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can use
analog right to move the bike turn right when the
predetermined route is to turn right, then the user must
move the analog to the right to turn the bike to the right.
Picture 5 Activity Diagram of moving the cycle turn left
Picture 5 is an Activity Diagram to move the bike
turn left inside the application. The application has not
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can use
analog left to move the bike turn left if the specified route
is left, then the user must move the analog to the left to
turn the bike to the left.
Picture 6 Activity Diagram choose the application login
menu
Picture 6 shows the Activity Diagram for selecting
menus into the application. The application has not
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can
choose the menu according to their wishes, the menu
selected uses the help of button A for its initialization.
After selecting the menu, the user can enter the VR
application.
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Picture 7 Activity Diagram choose menu exit application
Picture 7 is an Activity Diagram for selecting
menus out of the application. The application has
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can
choose a menu to exit the application, after completing the
trip and see a description of all traffic signs in the traffic
park, the user will stop at the finish area and after
selecting the menu exit using the help button A, the user
will exit the application.
Picture 8 Activity Diagram detail object
Picture 8 is an Activity Diagram to see details of
objects from traffic signs. The application has displayed a
traffic sign description, when the user wants to understand
the description of the existing traffic signs, the user simply
directs the focus point towards the selected traffic sign, the
description and audio will automatically come out
explaining the meaning of the traffic signs.
Picture 9 Sequence Diagram moving the bike forward
Picture 9 shows Sequence Diagrams to move
forward bikes in the application. The application has not
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can use
analog up to move the forward bicycle according to the
predetermined route.
Picture 10 Sequence Diagram of moving the bike
backward
Picture 10 shows the Sequence Diagram to move the
bicycle backwards in the application. The application has
not displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can
use analog down to move the bike backwards if they want
to look back at the traffic signs that have been seen or see
the signs that have been passed.
Picture 11 Sequence Diagram of moving the bike turn
right
Picture 11 is a Sequence Diagram to move a bicycle
turn right inside the application. The application has not
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can use
analog right to move the bike turn right when the
predetermined route is to turn right, then the user must
move the analog to the right to turn the bike to the right.
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selecting the menu exit using the help button A, the user
will exit the application.

Picture 12 Sequence Diagram of moving the bike turn

left
Picture 12 is a Sequence Diagram to move the bike
turn left inside the application. The application has not
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can use Picture 15 Class Diagram of application
analog left to move the bike turn left if the specified route
is left, then the user must move the analog to the left to Picture 15 shows the class diagram of the
turn the bike to the left. application. In this class diagram, described the attributes
and functions of each feature in the application.

5. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

The application made using the Unity 2018
application, and requires Android as a device to run the
Virtual Reality application. Then the android device is
connected to a wireless controller via bluetooth, so that
traffic applications can be run.
The application created has the following features:
a. Display the meaning description of the traffic
signs.
Picture 13 Sequence Diagram to choose the application b. Make a nasari sound from the description of the
login menu traffic signs.
c. Showing objects and child-friendly designs.
Picture 13 shows the Sequence Diagram for selecting d. Displays the physical form of traffic signs.
menus into the application. The application has not e. Showing supporting objects.
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can f. Showing quizzes that are easy for children to
choose the menu according to their wishes, the menu operate.
selected uses the help of button A for its initialization. g. Objects that can interact with users.
After selecting the menu, the user can enter the VR
application. The display shown in the application of Virtual
Reality traffic as shown in Figure 16 to Figure 21, where
there are three main menus displayed, namely main menu,
help and exit. In addition, from the picture below, it can be
seen how the application works in this study.

Picture 14 Sequence Diagram to choose exit menu of

application
Picture 14 is a Sequence Diagram for selecting
menus out of the application. The application has
displayed a description of the traffic signs, users can
choose a menu to exit the application, after completing the
trip and see a description of all traffic signs in the traffic Picture 16. Main Menu
park, the user will stop at the finish area and after
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Picture 17. Left Side of Help Menu
Picture 18. Right Side of Help Menu
Picture 19. Description of Traffic Signs
Picture 20. Scene Quiz
Picture 21. Quiz Score
6. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
6.1. Conclusions
Based on the research that has been done,
conclusions are obtained, namely the design of the
application begins with making asset applications using
3DS Max which are then arranged in accordance with the
concept of the application using Unity and given a
function to display the description of traffic signs. The
process of calculating the parameters that have been
achieved from the results of the virtual reality learning
media introduction of traffic signs for third grade students
of SDI Moh. Hatta by using the quiz help in the
application. With this quiz, students will answer the
correct answers to the traffic signs they have learned
during the introduction of traffic signs on the application.
6.2. Suggestions
The suggestions for the next research are:
a. Add examples of more quiz questions with
various models of MCQs and animation
improvements.
b. Add options for students to choose vehicles to
board in the application.
c. Adjust the style of language used in the
explanation of traffic signs for the intended
audience, because the audience is elementary
school children.
d. Prepare more devices to use to deliver material.
e. Provides instructions for the presentation of
material.
f. Use more valid and complete data related to
periodic table material elements.
g. Adding existing traffic signs and students not yet
familiar but often seen.
h. Components in the application try to be replaced
using more detailed components because if you
use low poly then the animation details are not
clearly visible.
7. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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Tracker Berbasis Assisted - Global Positioning
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System ( A-Gps) dengan Platform Android.

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