Reg.

No 2015-EE-445,413,429,443
Marks/Grade

Experiment # 7
To understand network reduction and forming the network
equivalents
Objective:
At the end of this lab session students will be able to
 Use “PWS” for modelling the power system.
 Able to reduce complex network into simple network

Theory:
Network reduction techniques are useful means of analyzing large, interconnected power
systems. The most desirable property of a reduced network is that it should represent the original
network as accurately as possible. In this lab we used static network reduction technique, such as
Kron reduction. The performances of the reduced networks are evaluated in terms of their ability
to follow the bus voltages of the original network, with changes in operating conditions.
In this lab we perform manual calculation related to the network reduction and network
equivalent. we will also learn how to use pws to perform this calculations the network for which
these calculation are performed is given below along with parameters.

Transformer data:

Transformer data note the above reactance for transformer has been given after conversion according
to the new base value that is 100 MWA then the converted value will be 0.25 so we have to use these
values in pws.
Transmission line data:

After performing load flow analysis we should have the following results.

 Now to see y bus offer reducing network go to the case information Ribbon and select y bus
from solution details.

 Note that there are many non-zero of diagonal entries in the why was formed by pws. It means
that there are branches linking various buses but they are not shown on one line diagram.

 To show the branches which are linking the buses switch to edit mode and select auto insert
under the draw ribbon select lines and click ok when a prompt box appear.

 Note the lines have been added on the one line diagram Now add the field of R,X and B your one
line should match the one shown below.
PWS model:

Figure 1:12 bus PWS model

Y bus:

Reduce network model:

Figure 2: Reduced 4 bus PWS model

Y bus:

Assignment:

IEEE 30 Bus network:

Y bus:

Reduced network:
Y bus:

Conclusion:
In this lab we conclude that

 In network reduction we can reduce complex network into simple network.

 We can analyze complex network easily by using network reduction.
 Network reduction reduce computational burden.
 In this lab we conclude that Network reduction techniques are useful means
Of analyzing large, interconnected power systems. The most desirable property
Of a reduced network is that it should represent the original network as accurately as possible.
 In this Lab & Research paper we learnt that work reduction methods are found to be very useful
in analysis of very large and complex power systems. The changes in the internal system
parameters can be used to approximate the changes in the external system and hence, can be
used for stability and security analysis of very large power systems.
 In this Lab IEEE 14 and IEEE 30 bus test cases are analyzed and it is observed that Ward and Kron
methods are applicable at both the systems, but the accuracy of Kron method is lower as
compared to other methods. Wards reduction technique gives the best result for both the cases.
 We have observed that these methods are less complex than the methods used for aggregation
of nodes. Zhukov’s method works fine with smaller IEEE 14 bus test system with greater
accuracy, but is not found useful for IEEE 30 bus test system. This may be due to the large r/x
ratio of lines in the equivalent system.
 We have observed that Dimo’s method gives better results than Zhukov’s for both the test
systems. However it is helpful only with small changes in loads, for large changes in loads, the
reduced system does not follow the original system.