C3 33

HAN LIEN HAI - NGO LONG HAU MAI TRUONG GIAO - HOANG NGOC ANH 500 BAI TOAN (Tai ban lan thi nhat) tare 5 ra ay Sark BS Ha XUAT BAN DAI HQC QUOC GIA HA NOIHAN LIEN HAI - NGO LONG HAU MAI TRUGNG GIAO - HOANG NGOQC ANH 500 BAI TOAN CHON LOC 10 (Tai ban lan thit nhat) NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA HOIPhian I DE BAI Z | > MENH DE - TAP HOP |- MENH DE t ~ ¢) Co the ding “diéu ki Trong cae cau sau, cate nto Li ménh dé? Néu i ménh dé, xét tinh ding (D). sai (S). a) "S6 77 Li sé nguyen to" b) “Tir gic c6 hai anh d6i bing nhau [a hinh binh hanh" ©) 1a 1160 s6 am” Cie caw sau c6 1A ménh dé ? NE dinh tong tn, a) “Higu do dai hai can ctia mot tam gidie nhé hon do di b) "Phuong trinh x” ~ x - 15 = 0 vo nghiem" li menh dé hay phat biéu menh dé phi canh tht ba Ding esic ki higu V, 3 dé viet Iai cde menh dé ar A: Téng nai sé thuc khong thay déi khi ta déi ché cite so hang” b) Bs “Pén tai mot sé thue ma binh phuong bing — 3” Xet sD, Sctia A, A,B, B Lap ménh dé phit dinh cita edie ménh dé sau va xét a) A: "Binh phong cua moi sé thuc | b)B: "SNe Rx + 1 =0" Cr Vk Zk (e+) (h42) Menh dé sau Li loai menh dé gi,? Xét tinh D, S. "Neu hai tam giie déng dang thi dién tich ctia chting khong Phan ich menh dé ; "Neu AABC 1a tam giste déu thi tam duis tigp VABC 1d giao diém 3 dudng cao” dudi dang A => B" Cang caw héi nhur bai 6 vai menh dé | "S6 nguyen tan civ het cho 3” nh B, S ciia ching 5 khong am" bang 9 thi chia Cho cap ménh dé ALT B a) C6 thé phat bi b) Ding thudt ngir: “diéu kien cain", gitia A va B ic ABCD 1a hinh chit nhat" ABCD c6 hai duéng chéo bang nhau" ju dinh ly todin hoe ndo? diéu kign di" dé dién dat quan he can va div” dé dign dat quan he A, B duoc khong ? 3Cang hoi nhu bai 8 doi v6i cap ménh dé a) P: "Ti giie ABCD 1a hinh binh hanh 6 hai canh lign tiép bang nhaau b) Q: "Ti gide ABCD 1 hinh thoi” Trong truémg hop nay c6 ding thuat ngit “diéu kign can va du" duoc khéong 10. Ciing hoi nhu bai 9 v meénh dé C:"S6 urnhién n chia hét cho 5" . ing béng 0" 11. thich) th khi va chi khi n6 c6 cic cap canh doi bing nhaw. b) Cac cap canh déi bang nhau 1a diéu kign can vi di dé ti gide 1 hinh binh hanh. ¢) Hai canh doi bang nhau 1a diéu kién cain dé ut gide 1a hinh binh hamh. d) Hai canh doi bing nhau 1a diéu kién can va dit dé nit gidc 1 hinh binh hanh. 12. 1 chudin nhan biét ti gidc 161 14 hinh binh hinh di hoc, phat Ww Kin cin va du dé tt gide 161 1a hinh binh hanh 13. Oi nhu bai 13 voi hinh chit nhat 14, vy hoi nhu bai 13 véi hinh thoi. 15. Phit biéu cae diéu kién can va dit dé hinh binh hanh 1 hinh chi nhat 16. Oi nh bai 15 v6i hinh thoi. 17. Oi nh bai 1S voi hinh vuong. 18. Chumg minh true tiép ménh dé : Vk © Z, Ke +k+ 1 liso le” 49. Ching minh bang phan chttng ménh dé "Néu a + b <2 (ab © Ry thi mor trong hai s6 a hodc b nho hon |" 20. Menh dé dio cia ménh dé trong bai 19 ¢6 phai 1a dinh ly khong ? Il - CAC PHEP TOAN TREN TAP HOP 21. Kihiéu: A: Tap hop hoc sinh truong THPT X. B: Tap hop hoe sinh lép 10A trudng X C: Tap hop hoc sinh I6p 10 trubng X. D: Tap hop cae l6p hoc eta trung X Gic catt va ciie ki hiu sau dling hay sai? a) Mot hoc sinh cita trudng X 1a mot phan tit ctia A b) Mot hoe sinh ca trudng X ki mot phiin tw eda B. ©) Mot hoe sinh cia trong X 1 mor phan tit cua C. 2) Mot Ip hoc eda trung X Li mot phan trea A. ¢/Mot Ip hoe cita trugng X Ei mot phin teeta D. f) Lop LOA Li mot phan tir ciia A. BCA KDA )NCcD22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Cie eau sau ding hay sai? a) Chau Au IA thanh vien cia Lien hiep quéc (LHQ). b) Viet Nam [a thinh vien eta LHQ ©) Hoi dong bao an cia LHQ 1a mot thanh vien etia LHQ. d) Tong thy ky LHQ la mot thanh vien cia LH. Lam thé nao dé cho “tap hop hoe sinh trong t6 hoc tap" cia ban ? Liet ké esic phan tt etia tap hop sau ayA=(x@R/x7-1=0) by B= {xe Z/x°- 3x 4x + 150} ©) C= (x © N/3x7— 2x -1 = 0) d) D= {x © R/3x" + 28-1 =0} c) E= [x © N/x < 20; x chia cho 3 du 1) NF=(xeZ/|x| <7) Cho cic tap hop sau : Tap hop ciic ttt gic li : Tap hgp cde hinh binh hanh : Tap hop cae hinh thoi Tap hop cic hinh chit nhat : Tap hgp cite hinh vudng Tap hop cic tr gide noi tigp duge trong mot duémg tron. a) Xe dinh quan hé bao him (néu c6) gitta ting d6i trong cdc tap hop trén. b) Xie dinh COD; BNF; B\(CUDUB) Cho cae cap tap hop : a)A={[xER[x+1=0} va B={0} b)C={xeEN|xi 9} va D={xeN|x : 3} c)Es {x Z|x 6} va F=(xeN[xi2vax! 3} Tim hop, giao, higu cita céc tap hop trong méi cap. Xiic dinh cdc tap hop con cia cae tap hop sau : 2) A= (ay say say) b) B= {0} oc=B d)D={xeZ|-2 s6: AUB; ANBNC;(BUC)NA 7AMOAD>30. 3. 32. 33. MGi tp con ciia tap s6 thuc déu c6 thé biéu thi duéi dang mot hoac nhieu bait ding thiic : Thidu: — (1;5)=11 Hay biéu thi duéi dang bat ding thiic céc tap s6 thuc sau va biéu dién’ ching tren truc sé : a) (~ © 10) ; b) (~ 5 10]; €) (-2; 5) sd) (3s + Biéu thi duéi hinh thie khoang, nitd khoang, doan e) [1 15] tap so thure sau ac 3 b)xz2 re) 20 Ap dung : Thuc hién cdc phép toan sau va biéu dién két qua trén truc so 2 5:3 oe a) {c “~” b) {he ” ©) 410; +) (-0 ; 3) (152) (-3; 40) <1 5 -10 40. Ap dung : Thue hién cic phép toan sau — (-~:t — asd] 2) [ bb ass) — (2:3) L [5: +0) f -103 xsl flexed ‘Thue hign cde phép todn sau (R lex <3 a) (55) b) 4x22 (-»;-2] @ Thue hién cae phép ton sau : ((: +9) Ixl<5 a)} (233) b) j[x<1 (5; +0) x>5 af Dién cdc dau U, ,\vao ché trong cho phir hop [-1; 49)... [-354) (0; +00) = [-3 ; 0] b) C6 thé ndi gi vé s6 a néu (3, 12] (-» 3a) = c) Cho A = {@; 1; 2:3; 455; 6} . C6 bao nhieu tap con cia A gém 3 phiin tir trong dé c6 phan tit 0 ? Viet cac tap hop do. Xae dinh phan bi ciia cdc tap hgp sau trong R. a)A={xeR|2x-3>10) b)B=(xeR| |x| >3) Trong hinh hoc phing, mot tap hop diém E duge goi 1a Idi, néu véi méi cap diém M, N ¢ E, doan thing MN dugc chtta trong E. a) Chiing t6 rang giao ciia hai tap hop 16i 1 mot tap hop di. b) Hop ctia hai tap hop I6i cé phai 1 mot tap hop Idi khong ? Khoi Iép 10 cé 100 hoc sinh, 6 42 hoc sinh thich mon Todn, 30 hoc sinh thich mén Van, 38 hoc sinh thich mon tiéng Anh. Ngoai ra cé 9 hoc sinh thich Van va Toan, 7 hoc sinh thich Ton va Tiéng Anh, 10 hoc sink thich Van va ing Anh hoe sinh thich ci 3 mon. Hi: a) C6 bao nhiéu hge sinh chi thich mot mon ? b} C6 bao nhiéu hoc sinh khong thich mon nio ?2 co HAM SO BAC NHAT VA BAC HAI HAM SO 41. 1) Thé nao 1a ham sé f xdc dinh trén tap hop DB. Cho vi du. 2) Thé nao 1a tap xac dinh cia mot ham s6. Cho vi du 42. Trong cdc tuong ting f, g, h, p sau, tuong ting nao xac dinh mot him sé? xX Y a) g poe M N A ° d) Hinh 1 43. 1) Cho hai tap hop A = (5; -3; 0} va B= (0; 1}. Gitta tap A va Bc6 tuomg ting sau day a) Tuong tng f xe dinh bai cap s6 sau (550); (-3; 1) 30:0) b) Tuong ting h xac dinh bdi cap s6 sau : (5515-35055 05650) Vé so dé mii tén cila f vag. Tuong ting nao cho ta mot ham sé tit A dén B. 2) Cho ham s6 ff: R>R ne a—t ae 3x —2x néu x <0 Tim £(1), f(0), f(-2), f(44. Tim tap xc dinh ctia cite ham s6 sau 8 fa y= fax; WY GF byy=y5—x 2x -3 1 ey : -d) y —— —x+I (x 2x =) 45. a) Tim tap gid tri cia caic ham 86 y b) Voi gid tri nao cita x thi ham so y y=2k-6:y=x -25 46. Cho ham sé f(x a) Tim tap xic dinh cua ham so. b) Tinh f(-4), (4) + (5) va f(-0,25). 47.1) Thé nao 1a dé thi ciia ham s6 y = f(x) vai Lip xéc dinh D. Cho vi du 2) Cho dé thi ham s6 y = f(x) (h.2) a) Tir d6 thi cho biét ham sé y = f(x) dong bien, nghich bién tren cic khang nao ? b) Tinh theo dé thi f(-3), f(-1), (0), £(3). (4). ©) Tim gia tri lon nhat va nho nhat ctta ham y = f(x) trong khoang (-3 ; 4). Hinh 2 | I néux <0 0 néux =0 3) Vé dé thi ham sé sgnx = | I néu x>0 48. 1) Thé nao 1a ham s6 chan, ham sé lé. Cho vi du. Dac diém dé thi ham sé chan, him sé 1é 2) Xét tinh chan, lé ca cdc ham sé sau : ayy 4x; byyaxr4e: g d) 4+x+/4-x49. Lap bing bién thien ciia cc ham s6 sau day trong cdc khoding da chi ra ayaxt naa: ( n (0 1) (1 +2) ny +n) x Vit Lente) sit trén mat phing toa do Oxy c6 tip hop ede diém ma toa do etta n6 thhoa man ding thie y = f(x) (bang 96). C6 thé ket luan tap hop cite diém dé Bi edo thi etia him s6 y = f(x) khor Il - HAM SO BAC NHAT 51. Trong ciic ham s6 sau, ham sé ndo 1a ham sé bac y =sgnx: e 52. Do thi ham so y = f(x) c6 dang (h.3) a) Tim khoang xe dinh eta ham 2 a 6. iy b) Ham sé déng bién hay nghich 1 bien c) Xie dinh him s6 y = f(x). 53. Cac diém trén doan thing AB Li f(x). dé thi ca him s6 y a) Tim tip xc dinh cia ham 6, b) Tim tap gid ui eta him so. c) Tinh (1), £0), (1) d) Xée dinh ham so biéu dién doan A3. 54. 1) VE do thi ham so x43 vdi x <0 y 3 v6i O0)) . 1) Vii gid tri nao ca a thi phuong trinh sau vo s6 nghiém : (a? — 3a4 2x? - (a? - Sat 4)x ta-a?=0 2) Giai va bién Iuan phuong tinh : x 2 a) Tati Dasasls ©) 2mx? = 202m - yx +m =0 104, Giai phuong trinh : a) x? -|x|-2=0; b) x74 Six] 44=0 405, Tim céc nghiém cita phuong trinh : a) 2x” - [5x - 2)=0; b) x? [x - 1] =0 106. Bién luan s6 nghiém cita phuong trinh bang dé thi a)x?-2k¢m=1; b) x? 2x] + L=m V - DINH Lf VIET VA UNG DUNG CUA DINH Li VIET 407. 1. Phat biéu dinh Ii Viet. Cho vi du. 2. Néu mot s6 ting dung cita dinh li Viet. 3. Khong giai phuong trinh : a)x’ +5x-3=0; b) x-4=0; c) V5x +1=0 Hay xc dinh téng va tich cila cde nghiém ciia mi mot phuong trinh di cho4018. 1. C6 thé khang dinh ring véi m = 15 thi cic nghiém ctia phuong trinh x7 + 16x +m=0105 va3? 2¢ 8 thé khang dinh ring véi p = 6 thi cae nghiém cita phuong trinh x? + px + a4 va -2 dugc khong ? 109. Khong giai phuong trinh 3x” + 5x ~ 1 = 0. Hay tinh 2 2 3 3 4 4 xPaxd xpand xf acd 410. Khong giai phuong inh, khio sit dau cia cée ng phuong trinh a)x? +66 - 17x =0; b) 4x 4x7 4320; 0; d)x? 43x -10=0. Jiu cic nghiém ciia cic phuomg trinh sau : (néu c6) ctia cae c) x= 12x + 144. Khao sit di a) a°x? + 3ax +2=0véia<0b)2x?—mx-m?= voi m>0 112. Lap cae phurong trinh hac hai bict hai nghigm ciia né cho theo bing dudi day Thi neti 443. Cho phuong trinh (m + 2)x7 - 2(m + I)x +m=0 a) Xée dinh m dé phuong trinh 6 hai nghiém phan biet b) Xe dinh m dé phuong trinh cé hai nghigm trai dau c) Xéc dinh m dé phuong trinh cé mot nghiém x = -1 va tinh nghiém kia. d) Xéc dinh m dé phuong trinh cé téng lap phuong hai nghiém bang 2. va bign ludn theo tham s6 k cdc phuong trinh : ax -(k42K4+k=0 b)KX?+2x-2=0 ch 2x? HkK+2=0 445. Chiing minh ring it nhét mot trong ba phuong trinh sau c6 nghi¢m : (m— Ix? + 2(n + Dx + p=0(1) (n+ Ix? + 2px + (m - 1) =0(2) px? + 2(m - 1)x + (n+ 1) =0(3) 446. 1) Chiing minh rang hai phuong trinh ax? + bx +c = 0 va cx” + bx +a =0c6 mot nghiém chung duy nhait khi va chi khi [b| = Ja +c} 2) Voi gid tri nao ciia k thi hai phuong trinh sau cé nghiém chung. Tim nghiém chung do. : 3x74 (5k + Ix+1=0 (1) + Qk—3+4=0 2) | DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI LIRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU VIEN 1c J ABILVI- PHUONG TRINH QUY VE PHUONG TRINH BAC NHAT, BAC HIAI 117, 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123, 424, 125. © Phuong trinh chita gid tri tuyét doi Gidi cae phuong trinh sau : a) |x - 1[=3; ©) 2x - I= [x +3}; Tim nghiém cia cée phuong trinh sau : a) x? |x| -2=0; c) 2x” - [5x - |= © Phuong trinh v6 ti Giai céc phuong trinh sau : a) 14 f2x-7=x; o) Vx - ye +3=1; b) ik +2)=-1; d) x +4]-[x-4]=8 b) x? + Six +4=0; d) x? — ax 43 b) 3x - JI8x +1 +1=0; d) JIS-x +3 Gifi va bien luan phuong trinh sau: jx] +1 - y[x| =a Gidi phuong trinh : x + 4 - (Dé thi DH M6, 2001} Gidi phuong trinh: x +1 + J4—x + ¥(x + D(4—x) =5 © He phuong trinh bac hai hai én Giai cde hé phutong trinh sau : (y-x=1 a 4 Jax? = xy 4 3y - 7x -12v + 4=0 mie ~ xy + 3y? + 2x -Sy-4=0 x42y=4 Tim nghiém cita cae hé phucng trinh sau : (Dé thi DH Ngoui ngit, 2001) [x+y=l ea xe nye ol 2 2 a -wty=7 x+y=5 2) x=3 Sanaa 3x + 2y=3 Ix? -yvy? =15 xtytxy=7 2xy —y? + 5x + 20=0 Giai cde he phuong trinh sau : 7 3,3 [tyre wp lty=7 Ly 6 xty=l x+y #xy=-1l of [x2 + y? 4 xy = 13126. Tim nghiém ctia ede hé phurong trinh sau : f 1 > Sata » fre x+yeteo {xy xy oft ay? tea any +2y+2 a {" 4 Be ori 0 ax? + dxy ty? = 2x Fy +56 ~ Sxy + 6y? =0 427. Giai cdc hé phuong trinh sau fox — yy? - y2) =3 a) (x + yx? ty?) = vx+ y= xvx + yy =1-3m 128. Tim m dé hé phuong trinh sau cé nghiém : | x+y +3xy =4 46m . 129. Cho hé phuong trinh |, >, () (ma tham s6). way? =16- a) Giai (1) khi m b) Xde dinh m dé hé (1) c6 nghiém. 430. Giai va bién luan phuong trinh a)(@-Dx+2=at1 b) ax? +2x+1=0 431. Cho phuong trinh : x? — 2(a- I)x + 2a+ 1 =0(1) a) Giai phuong trinh (1) véi a = b) Tim tat ca cdc gid tri cla a dé (1) chi cd mét nghiém ? Hai nghiém trai dau ? Hai nghiém cing dau ? Hai nghiém cing duong va bién luan phuong trinh sau bing dé thi : a) x” + 5x =p ~ 6 (pla tham s6) b) -x7 44x £3—k =0(k la tham s6) 133. Tim tat ca cae gid tri cla a dé hai nghiém x, x; cita phuong trinh x” - 2x +a=0 thoa man diéu kign 7x2 - 4x) = 47. 434. Tim tat ca céc gid tri cita k : a) Dé phuong trinh : x? — 3kx + k° = 0.c6 hai nghiém x), x2 thod man diéu kien x? + x3 = 1,75. b) Dé hai phuong trinh : x? + kx + 1 = 0 vax? +x +k = 0 c6 mot nghiem chung 19135, 136, 137. 138. 139. Giai va bien luan céc hé : afer ets oe x+2y=a 2x + (m ~ 1) Giai cdc phuong trinh sau : a)x?-|x-1]=0 b) x? -x + SJ=x- c) 2+ sx -2)=2x + fx +6 (Dé thi Hoc vién Ki thidt Quan su, 2001) 3 . @) Jax +1 ~ 3x =2 =*% (Dé thi How vién Buu chink Vien thong, 2001) Giai cdc hé phuong trinh sau : x+y=2 xa +y a) { 3 . » | 3 ry) =26 yia2y+x Tim tat cd cdc nghiém x > 0, y > O ciia hé phuong trinh : (x? + Diy? +1) = 50 (x + yxy - 1) = 25 Tim b dé hé phuong trinh sau cé nghiém duy nhat : P +x =by-1) xy +y? = B(x -1) A o BAT DANG THUC - BAT PHUONG TRINH 1- KHAI NIEM VA TINH CHAT BAT DANG THUC 140.Chimg minh : 141. 20 a) a’ +b? > 2ab voi Va; beR. b) a? +b? 2 ab voi Va;beR. cat +b* > a'b + ab vi Va;beR. da’ +b +c? 2ab+ be +ca i Vai biceR. Chitng minh : ala’ tb +c°+322%atb+c) wiVa;bsceR b) +b? +c? 2ab-ac+2be vai Vas bie clare tertd +e? 2 albtc4+dte) viVarbsc;diceR 4) 4a + Sa” > 8a" + 2a - | voi Va442. Ching minh a) ar(1 +b?) + (1 + .c7) + e7(1 + 0°) > babe voi Va; bic bya sbi +c h 4d? > dabed vai Vas by e;d char +b 4c 4d? > (a+ eb +d) voi Va;biesd d)3(a7 +b? +07) 2 (atb +0)" > Hab tac + be) Vas bic 443. Ching minh : ayat +b! +042 abe(a +b +0) b) (a? + b’) > (a +b)? > dab c)(a~ Dla 3)(a-4)a-6)+10>0 d)(a +5) + (a4 1)* > 32 444. Chimg minh : véia;b;¢>0 ate by 221th 22 b bob 4 y+ 7a by 4+ ab (a+b) a 4146. Ching minh : véia;b;c>0 a) eee Moaebtc; were eed, cab b+e cta atb 2 1 4 4 4. boc 2atb+c at2bt+c atb+2c ’ 1 3 Qe 2 ; 2a+b 2b+e Ita atb+e 447. Ching minh : véia;b;c>0 1 1 1 9 ——_ + ——__ + —_ 2 _—__.;; 2atb+e at+2b+c atb+2c 4(a+b+c) 1 ee oe =zte 2a+b 2b+e 2c+a __ ce latbte | b+c cta a+b ye d) (+b) (bre C8) 3 daenee ; c a c) 21148. Ching minh voia;b;c;d>0 a+c b+d c+a d+b + + + ——24 atb b+c c+d d+a ate bed 4 b) >» e@ (a+bXc+d) (a+dXb+c) atb+c+d 2 a+b 12 c) + — atb c+d (atc)(b+d) atb+c+d 449. Chting minh 2 a) 222 32 +1 b)a>1;b2>1 thi avb-1+bVa-1b>Othi va+vb>Va+b d)a>b>Othi Va-Vb vab + Ved c)a>c>0;b>cthi Je(a—c) + e(b—c) < Vab d) Va? +b? + yx? +y? > y(a+x)? +(b+y)? (Mincopki) b)a>b>Othi 451. Ching minh : I and j 2) Jeo lier —Vk) va Fh <2( Vet) voi vk e N <2Vn-1 Ta dé suy ra: 2Vn+ “Bela eee a S| Weanh Aeaiat It Tir d6 suy ra: —=+—— ye Ot 2 \ —- <2 Gtbva 152. Véi a; b; c 1a ba canh cha AABC, ching minh : 22 a) (a+ b-c)(a-b+c)(b +c - a) < abeI- BA DANG THUC VE GIA TRI TUYET DOI VA BAT DANG THUC COSI 153. Ching minh : a) [al +|b|>]a + bj Jaj+]b]>]a—b] b) |al-|b| sl 457. Ching minh 14 4 vy tet2 4 ab 3a+b a+3b 459. Chimg minh : a b c a +,/——+,]—— > b+e Veta atb 23160. 161. 162. wee ct+a feos ery bac cra o) +22 Jab 4) ae > vab e Ching minh : . 1 1 1 8 +—— + + 2 ——_ atb bec ctd dt+a atbt+e+d atb bte c+d dta eee pecans <3 a+b+ce b+te+d c+dta dt+atb bec cra a+b 2 Cho a; b; ¢ 18 ba canh cla AABC. Chitng minh 1 I 1 ° Gav-ey (a-beey (bre-ay b) Weis ave? va? x° + y4 2 Ching minh rang x+y? 1;3b(1-c)>2; 8ce(l-d)>1; 32d(1-a)>3IIl- BAT PHUONG TRINH 163. S62 a nghiém ctia bat phuong trinh nao sau day? Vi sao? -4x<0 b)x -x41>0 c)x-2<0 Ap bat phuong trinh 1 a) 2x -3>0 va 2x - 34+ —~>—— x-5 x-5 =3)O0vax-1>0 iit phuong trinh ndo Ia wong duong? Vi sao? 465. Tim diéu kién xe dinh dé suy ra nghiém cla mdi bat phuong trinh sau a) V5-x svx-5 by) V5- oe 5 9 Att d) V2x-3 + x=3 x 166. Vi sao cic bat phuong trinh sau diing véi moi x : a)x?-x45>0 by(x - 2)° + —— >0 x41 xa xt ae ls 0 4) Vie +1 +¥2>0 167. Bat phuong trinh sau v6 nghiém, vi sao? ax +isx b) Y2-x+1<0 oo (x-I tx 42. 168. Tim ché sai trong Idi gidi sau day : a) V5 >V342x crx —S>342xerx<-8 ' a b) cox 2o x2 -28-3 © (x-2)?> xP 2x3 Vx" -2x-30 X- _ ede t4ox Fo mw 169. Vi sao bat phuong trinh sau vo nghiém ? ae 1 I aiv¥x-S>v3+2x b) —==——<—— ©) vx =142V1 v¥x-2 I-x 410. Vi sao bait phuong trinh sau vo nghiém? ax?-x4+1<0 b) =x? 43x -3>0 c)x?- 2x +3<0 IV - BAT PHUONG TRINH VA HE BAT PHUGNG TRINH BAC NHAT 1 AN 411. Gidi cae bat phuong trinh : 024340) gy Rot yy 8 3k? ©) |x-1]+[2-x|<3-x 8 4 2x43 x-l 25172, 17. 3 174, 17 so 176, 177. 178, 179. 26 Giai va bién luan bat phuong trinh Giai cdc bat phuong trinh : a) ME=2)_ (4 1)> A=) os a-2 . Giai cdc bat phuong trinh : 3x-4 2x-5 1 2S 3x-4 2x=5 to 5) . x2! ae 2 x c) |x-2>x+1 d) x +2]>|x +1] . Gidi hé bat phuong trinh : 15x -8 4x-S sx 5 > 5-7 Stk ans 5 1 6x42 54x47 I5x=2>2x4= Vs : 2 3 a Rte 2x41 Tim ché sai trong 16i gidi : vx? -1-vx41 2x41 @ Vx-1 -12 Vx+1 © vo nghiem vi vx-1 < Vx nén Vx-1 -1< ¥e+1.TXD: x21 Gidi va bién luan ede bat phuong trinh sau : 2 a)x+m+1>2m(m-x) —b)m(x-4) 0va—+—=1 xy V- DAU NHI THUC BAC NHAT BAT PHUONG TRINH BAC NHAT 1 AN X6ét déu cdc biéu thite sau : 2-5x x+2 181. Ay = (Sx - I(x +3) Ap= Ay S41 x-2 Na 5x - 1 482, By = SINA=5) gg Gx DEIR gy _ HEAD (= DGx +1) . x * (x-Da+D 2 6x48 183. c,= 1,1 = — x42 x-2 ° 184. Dy = (x - 1)(x + 2)(3x - 201 - V2) Dy = (x = D(x + 2)(2 - x5 ~ x)(K - 6) Gidi bat phuong trinh : 185. a) 3 yy es 14+2x 1+ 2x 186. a) |x +3)+|2x-4] <5 b) [3x +5]>2 #87.) Rea b) x(x — 1) 4 3x2 2x7 =x 43 x ©) Bx ~~ (+5) < 9x7 +x Xét dau cia biéu thite : 488, a) A=m°x ~2 b)B=(m-I)x+2m — c) C=(x- Ix-m) x43 489, a) A= b) B= —_ (x + m)(x ~ 2) 490. a) A = (2x + 1)(x- 2)(x +m) b) B= |x ~m]-|x +2 27VI- BAT PHUONG TRINH VA HE BAT PHUONG TRINH 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 28 BAC NHAT 2 AN Xéc dinh (vé) mién nghiém cia bat phuong trinh : a)y <3 b) x25 co) x-y +l) >xt5 d) Uy +x) $3(K- 1) 42 Xéc dinh mién nghiém cita hé bait phuong trinh : x20 x20 2x-y>0 2x-y20 a) a b) ce) yysl d) yy <1 xe y2x y-3x20 y-3xs0 Xae dinh mién nghiém cia hé bat phuong trinh = y X,X 120 x2-2 23 —2x+ys -2 x-y>0 xs5 3y b) 4x-3y<-3 €) )2%R-De > s4 ad) y22x 5 xty> y <5x ‘ x20 x20 x-2y<2 x+y<5 Giai va bién luan bat phuong trinh : a) a(x +4) > 3ax +2 byax+1<2x+a ax+l ax-l —> ©) (I= a)’x > 1 - 2ax 4) a-l a+l Giai va bign luan bat phuong trinh : 2xta+l ax-a+] ays as. 0 b) x4) x-1 Voi diéu kign nao ciia a thi hé sau cé nghiém duy nhat : { +1-aso 0 ax +2a-1<0 Giai cde he bat phuong trinh : xt] x+2 24% 3x+122x+7 2 3 6 4x43.<2x +19 3x+5_ x+3<442x ©) 95x -3<4x-1 d) vx-1(x-a+2)>0 xeZ198. 199. 200. VII - 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. z~1 <0 Tim a dé he | =2 a) Vonghiém ? b) C6 nghiém duy nhat ? dx +a Giai va bién Iwan bat phuong trinh a)x+m41>2m(m-x) by m(x-4) 0 vi Vx ER b) Tim a dé f(x) > 0 vii Vx > 2 c) Tima dé f(x) > 0 voi Vx © [152] d) Tim a dé £(x) bing mot binh phuong nhi thie Cho f(x) = x? - ax +9 a) Tim a dé f(x) > 0 voi Vx b) Tima dé f(x) < 0 véi Vx € (0; 1) c) Tim a dé f(x) > 0 véi Vx € D=(-» ; -2) U (1; +0) d) Tim a dé f(x) = (ax +b)”. Viét 16 két qua 29207. Chiing 16 cdc phuong trinh sau lu6n cé nghiém véi moi tham sé a a) x? — a 1)x+a-3=0 b) (a+ Dx? - Ga = 2)x +2a-3=0 208. Chiing t6 cae phuong trinh sau luén v6 nghiém véi moi tham sé a a) x? = 2a = 3)x + 2a” Ja + 10 =0 b) (2a? + 1px? - dax +2=0 209, Tim a dé f(x) luon duong a) f(x) = (a~ 1)x? + (at Ix 2a b) f(x) = (a + V3 x? ~ Jax +a~- V3 210. Tim a dé f(x) luén am a) f(x) = ax? + (a+ Ix + 2a-1 b) f(x) = (a+ 2)x7 - Sx +4 241. Tim a dé f(x) viét duoc thanh binh phuong nhi thifc (viet ro két qua) 2 f(x) = ax” -(a-3)x+1 Vill - BAT PHUGNG TRINH BAC HAI 242. Giai bat phuong trinh : a) 3x° +x-6>0 b) 2x? - [sx +2] >0 c) 2x? + Ix 45> (x41)? 243, Giai bat phuong trinh : a) 15x7 7x - 220 b) (x — 1)(x + 2) 230K? - 1) (1+ ¥5)x+ V5 20 d) (x ~ I(x +3) > (x - 1) (x +2) Giai va bign luan céc bait phuong trinh: a) x? = mx +m—320 b) mx? = 2x +420 214, c) (m+ 1x” = Imx + 2m <0 215. Tim mién xc dinh theo tham sé m: a)y = VK? —2mx+2—-m by = mx? + (m4 3x43 Giai bat phuong trinh : 24 3x? =x +3 > x(2-x) 0 x? ax 415 30218. Giai bat phuong trinh rie-7 Want 5n-7 9 bel [ ar (x-3W 4x-5 20 NW 2x-3 x42 x-l 249. Giai he bat phuong trinh [x? -2x 20 xi+x+120 ay, b) [4x7 44x 4120 x 43x <0 {x?-x-620 5x? -3x+220 ot, ay, [xo +x-650 Tx” +9x -16<0 220. Gidi ay x” 7x #12 < |x —4) at phuong trinh =x{+[2x~4] <3 ©) x 3x 42] <3x-3 d) xx -3]-4<0 224. Cho phuong trinh : (m ~ 1x7 = 2(m + 3)x - m + 2 = 0. Tim m dé phuong inh vo nghiém? C6 nghiém? Co nghiém duy nhat. 222. Tim m dé cite bat phuong trinh sau diing véi moi gid tri ctia x: a) (m? + 5m — 6x? Am4 Dx +2<0 2x=3 5x koa 5g =m + 2)x? #(m—Dx m4 3 IX - DINH LY BAO VE DAU TAM THUC BAC HAI 223. Cho phuong trinh : a) Tim m dé phuong trinh c6 nghigém b) Tim m dé phuong trinh c6 2 nghiém trai diu c) Tim m dé phuong trinh c6 2 nghiém déu duong d) Tim m dé phuong trinh cé | nghiém thude khoang (0 ; 1) cdn nghiém kia ngoai khoang [0 ; 1] ¢) Tim m dé phuong trinh c6 2 nghiém 16n hon 2 224. Cho (m + 1)x” = 2m - Ix +m? +4m-5=0) =(m-5)x>=4mx #m-2=0 a) Tim m dé 2< x) 0. Tim m dé bit phutong trinh ding v6i Vx > 2 31226. Cho x? - 2(m? + Dx + m4 <0. Tim m dé nghiém cua né ciing li nghiém cita bat phuong trinh : x? + 4x +3>0 227. Tim m dé hé sau cé nghiem fm eee Ix 7 -3x+2=m x 228, Bien luan theo m nghiém ciia he : = -ma0 x? -5x +650 229. Chohe: {”, : x? -x-2m? <0 a) Tim m dé hé cé nghiém b) Tim m dé hé c6é nghiém auy nhat 230. Tim m dé phuong trinh sau cé nghiém : 2(m+4)x +5m+10 =x ~3 23) . Cho phuong trinh ; mx? - 3(m - Ix + 4(m - 1) =0 a) Tim m dé phuong trinh c6 nghiém kép b) Tim m dé phuong trinh c6 ding 1 nghiém ¢ (2 ; 5) 232. Tim m dé bat phuong trinh sau ding véi moi x : — 3 < X - PHUONG TRINH VA BAT PHUONG TRINH QUY VE BAC HAI Gidi cdc phuong trinh va bat phuong trinh sau: 233, a) x? + 5x7 +6 =0 byx4-x242=0 ©) 16x4 ~ 15x? - 16 =0 d)x4-5x744=0 24.) —4—-__ 1 7 : 2x —_ x? 42x-5 x? 42x-3 15 235. a) (x + 2)(x - 3)(x + 1)(x + 6) 16 b) (2x7 - 3x + 1)(2x? + 5x 4 1) = 9x 236. a) |x? Sx +4[=x44 by fx? = 3x + 2]= 1 [x] -12 237. a) 2-|1-|x]=1 = ®) 2-[I-hy| esas 238, a) x? +9 = 6x + dv x? 6x46 b) ¥5x—1 = vx -1-V3x-2 239, a) x 9x" + 10x? - 9x +120 b) x4 + 12x" + 32x? - 8x - 4.20 v- 6 >6x+3 240, a) ee > One b) Vk 6) -9) < 8x ~3 |x? -2x 8] 22x 32241. ay x? -Vx +6 =6 b) 2x x? +¥6x? 12x 4720 cy Vx+ 242. a) Cho x4 +2 4 2 b) Cho 2x” + mx” + 2=0 +VxK-1=V5x +m +320. Tim mdé xy + cos 2 2 2 x x x x b) (100% + cot x) (tan 2 cot) Scosx—4 _ Ssinx +3 3-Ssinx 4+ Scosx a) sin aes d) sin®x + cos®x +-3sin*xcos?x Il- GIA TRI LUQNG GIAC CUA CAC GOC (CUNG) CO LIEN QUAN DAC BIET 277. 1. Hai géc d6i nhau a va (~ a) sinasin3a = sin”2a ~ sin’a 2 252 b) sin’ 2acos’ inasin3a + cos 2asin’a ¢)sin’x = deos4x ~ eos2x +3 293. Tinh gi tri biéu thie - : 2 4 3 a)A= 2eosFeos t b) B= cos TeosFcos 294, a) Cho tan = +. Time b) Tim cos a) jo tans = 5° im cosa. i STD" c) Biét tana = ; va tanB = 3 Tima+B Al:IV - CONG THUC BIEN DOI TICH THANH TONG, 2 | j TONG THANH TICH 295. Bién déi thanh téng a) A = 2sin(x + y)cos(x - y) ; b) B= 2cos(x + y)cos(x ~ y) ; c) C = 4sin3asin2asina ; d) D = 4sin3asin2acosa 296. Tiah : a) A =sin75°sin15° ; b) B= 2sin 70° 2sin 10° Bin in gin IE Qn 4x On ©) C=singysinzesinzgsin5 7 ; A) D= cos + cos + cos 1 297. Ching minh rng cos12° + cos18° ~ 4cos15°cos21°cos24° = ~ (Dé thi vao DHOG Ha N6i ~ 2001) 298. Don gian cdc biéu thitc sau : a) Sina + sin3a cosda cosa, cosa + cos3a * sin2a +sin4da * ¢) Sin = 3sin2a + sin3a cosa ~ 3cos2a + cos3a 299. Chiing minh céc hang ding thitc sau : +1 sin sin 2208 a) $= sina + sin2a + sin3a +... + sinna = —2— sin> n+l sin cos "**a 2 2 int sins 2 b) P =cosa +cos2a + cos3a +... + cosna = 300. Cac géc cia tam gidc ABC théa man diéu kién : sin7A + sin’B + sin?C = 3(cos”A + cos”B + cos"C) Chitng minh ring tam giéc ABC la tam gic déu. 301, Cho tam gidc ABC cé cae canh a, b, ¢ théa man hé thttc : 2b =a +¢ Ching minh ring cot Scot $ =3. 302. Cho tam gidc ABC cé cdc canh a, b,c a thi tu d6i dién véi céc géc A, B, a? —b? — sin(A - B) C. Hay nhan dang tam gide ABC néu — = *). 303. Chiing minh rng gid tri cdc biéu thitc sau khong phu thudc vao géc a va b: 6 6, Bee a) sina + cos a + 3sin“acos’ab) sin?a - cos?(a — b) + [cos(a + b) + cos(a — b)|cos(a — b) - cos”b ©) cos?a + cos?(a — b) ~ [cos(a + b) + cos(a — b)|cos(a - b) - sin?b 304. Riit gon bigu thitc 288° je 2: 3x F+) 2a = sin b 2n)sir tans? 1b) olf sper onl sin?(a +b) ~ tan(—162° sin 108° 2 2y d) ©) sin? (x ~ 2y) ~ cos? x ~ ed in7(a + b) — cos” a ~ cos 305, Tinh gid tri cia cdc biéu thifc sau : . 2) P= sin*50° + sin°70° - cos50°cos70° (Trich dé thi DH An ninh ~ 2001) b)Q= rane? + a + V3 tan 20° tan 40° VR = sins sin™ - sin sin 2% + sin sin ® one ST i 575 10°" 10 2 2 4) $ = cosa + cos? (2 a) + cos (# 306, Ching minh céc hing ding thiic sau 1 2sin? w 2 or * + ] $ (3 cot{ 7 +0. Jeos?| 4 sin’ a + 2sinacosa — cos! a tan2a —1 a) ° ga é af sin’ + cost) = 1+ 6c0s? a + cos a 307. Cho tanx + cotx =k. Tinh : 3 3 a» tan°x + cot?x : b) tanx - cotx ; c) lan’x + cot x. +y) y) mo = Tinh waaxtany n 309. Cho sina + cosa = 14 vi 8 8 8. N trung diém AC, xét cic trung tuyén AD, BN, CE. Chitng minh ring : AD + BD + CE=0 9, Xét AABC, dung diém $ sao cho AS 2 AB + 3BC va diém P sao cho AP = 5a + BC H6i trong hai diém S, P diém nao thudc canh AC. 10. H 1a mot diém tuy ¥. Ching minh ring : u=HA + HB-2HC 1a mot vécto c6 dinh Il- CHUNG MINH THANG HANG BANG PHUGNG PHAP VECTG 327. Cho AABC ; M trung diém AB, N thudc BC sao cho BC AC sao cho AK =7AC Tren AN lay diém I sao cho 16A\ a) Biéu dién AN, MK theo céc vécto AB va AC. 3BN ; K thudc =9AN. b) Chting minh ring : M, I, K thing hang. 328. Cho AABC ; P va Q 1a hai diém thoa man : PA =-3PC, QA + 2QB + 3QC =0 Chting minh rang : B, Q, P thing hang. 47329. 330. 331. 332. 333, 48 Cho AABC, dat AB=u; AC=v Goi D 1a diém d6i xting cha B qua C a) Biéu dién AD theo u, va v b) Q va Bi hai digm thoi man: AQ=+AG ; AR = LAB: Biéu dién RD; RQ theo u va v c) Chitng minh rang : D, Q, R thing hang. Cho AABC ; P, Q, R la cdc diém xdc dinh boi : 3PB = -4PC 3Q QC 2RA = -RB a) Biéu dién cdc vécto PQ; QR theo cdc vécto AB, AC. b) Chiing minh ring : P, Q, R thing hang. Cho hinh chit nhat ABCD ; I va J 1a cdc diém thod man : IA + 3IB=0 ; JC = SID a) Biéu dign vécto v v=IC + 1D + 2IB theo AD b) Goi M, P, Q 1a cdc diém tho man hé thitc : MP = MA + 3MB MQ = -5MD Ching minh ring *) M, I, P thing hang **) J, M, Q thing hing Cho AABC, M 1a diém sao cho BM = BC - 2AB N 1a diém sao cho ; CN = xAC - BC a) Xa dinh x dé 3 diém A, M, N thing hang b) Xéc dinh x dé M di qua trung diém I cia BC. oon ci og IM ©) Tinh ti s6 ap Cho AABC ; L, J 1a hai diém xc dinh bai = 3A + 2G a) Biéu dién IJ theo AB, AC b) Goi G [a trong tam AABC, ching minh ring IJ di qua G.334, 336. 336. 337. 338. 339, 340. c) M,N 1a hai diém thay doi sao cho: MN = 2MA + 3MB MC Tim diém K sao cho : 2KA + 3KB~ KC =0 d) Ching minh rang : K 1a diém c dinh e) Chting minh rang : M,N, K thing hang XAC DINH DIEM THOA MAN MOT HE THUC VECTO, Cho AABC xc dinh mot diém thoa man mot trong cic he thttc vécto sau a) Diém M néu: MA ~ MB+ MC =0 b) Diém N néu : NA + NB + 2NC =0 c) 21A - IB = 0, xac dinh d) Diém K néu : 2KA + KB ~ KC = AB Ciing cho nhu bai 334. a) Diém Jnéu: YA + 2IB=0. b) HA + HB + HC = BC, xic dinh H. c) Goi G IA trong tam AABC, xic dinh Q néu: QA + 2QB + 3QC = 3QG d) Xée dinh R néu: 3RA ~ 2RB+RC=0 Cho 3 diém A, B, C cé dinh. Ching minh ring chi cé mot diém M tha man hé thife : MA + 4MB - 3MC = 0 Cho hai diém A, B ¢6 dinh a) Ching minh rang chi cé diém I duy nhat théa man IA + 21B = 0 b) Cho diém M di dong va MN = MA + 2MB. Ching minh ring MN di qua |. Cho AABC, hai diém M, N thay déi sao cho: MN = 4MA + MB - 2MC Ching minh rang dudng thing MN ludn di qua mot diém cé dinh Cho a) Chting minh ring tén tai duy nhat diém I sao cho : alA + BIB = 0 b) Ching minh ring néu cé diém M bat ky tac; AMA + BMB = (a + B)MI Cho hinh binh hanh ABCD ; M 1 diém tuy y ; G 1a trong tam AABC. Trong mdi trudng hop hay tim sé k va diém I cé dinh sao cho cdc dang thitc vécto sau day théa man véi moi diém M. a) MA + MB + MC + 3MD = kMi b) 2MA + MB - MC = kMi c) 4MA + MB + MD = kMI diém A, Bcé dinh va hai s6 a, B sao cho a + B #0. 49341, Cho AABC, dung diém M thoa man cdc hé thife sau a) MA + MB+ 2MC =0 b) 2MA + 3MB = 4MC 342. Cho AABC, hai diém M, N thay déi sao cho : MN 2MA — MB + 3MC a) Dung diém I théa man : 21A - IB + 31C = 0 b) Ching minh rang MN di qua mot diém c6 dinh khi M di dong c) Goi P 1a trung diém BN. Chiing minh ring MP di qua mot diém co dinh khi M di dong. IV - TIM TAP HOP DIEM BANG PHUONG PHAP VECTO 343. Cho AABC, tim tap hgp cac diém M théa man : a) MA +kMB=kMC ;k e R,k +0. b) MA +(I-k)MB+(1+k)MC=0;k © R,k #0. c) MA +(1-k)MB-kMC =0 ;k e R,k #0. 344. Cho AABC, tim tap hop cdc diém M sao cho a) |MA + MB|=|MB - MC| (dy) b) |2MA + MB [A + MB + MC| (2) c) [MA + MB - MC|=|2MA - MB - MC| GB) d) |MA + MB|=|MA - MB| (4) 345. Cling cho nhu bai 344 : a) |MA + MB + MC|=3|MA + MC| (3) b) [MA + MB|=|MA + M (6) c) MA + MB=k(MB-MC);k eR e) d) Goi 1 1a diém sao cho : 21A + IB =0 Xe dinh diém 1. ' f) Tim tap hop diém Mthéaman: |2MA + MB|=|MA + MB + MC] (8) i) |MA + MB| = 2|MA| (9) p). |MA + MB + MC|=|MA - MB] (10) 346. Cho hinh binh hinh ABCD, tam O va s6 thyc m > 0. Tim tap hgp cic dém K sao cho : {KA +KB+KC+KD|=m>0 qa) 347. Cho AABC *) IA 4 3IB 2) dc diém I, J sao cho =0 1) JA + 2B 4 3IC =6 50348. 349. 350. 35) 352. a) Tim tap hop diém M sao cho: |MA + 3MB - 2MC| =|2MA ~ MB~ MC| b) Tim tap hgp diém M sao cho |MA + 2MB + 3MC|=2|MA + MB + MC| Cho hai diém A, B c6 dinh va AB = 2a. Tim tap hap cac diém M sao cho MA.MB = 8 Cho ttt gide ABCD. Tim tap hop diém M sao cho : (MA + 2MB)(MC + 3MD) = 0. Cho biét I, J 1a hai diém thoa man :1A + 2IB =0 va JC + 3JD =0 Cho AABC, tim tap hop diém M sao cho: AM. AB = AB. AC . Cho AABC. Tim tap hop cc diém M théa man mot trong ciic diéu kién sau : a) MA. MB =MA.MC b) MA” +MA.MB + MA. MC =0 ©) MA” = MB. MC Cho AABC déu, canh bang a, G 1a trong tim AABC, [1a diém xdc dinh boi 2B - IC =0 a) Xac dinh I b) Tim tap hop cac diém M théa man mot trong cac diéu kién sau : yn MB + MC = 4a? **) MA.MB+ MB. MC + MC. MA = V- DO DAI DAI SO CUA VECTO TREN MOT TRUC 35 3 354, 355. 356. . Tren truc x'Ox cho hai diém A va B lan luot c6 toa do A (a) ; B (b) a) Tim toa do trung diém I cia AB. b) Tim toa do M chia doan AB theo tisék #1. Cho A(-1) ; B(2) ; C (5) trén truc x'Ox. Tim D (x) sao cho : _ Be beets oh BD AB AC AD Cho A(5) ; B(-3) ; C(x) trén truc x'Ox. a) Tim toa do C d6i xiing ciia A qua B b) Tinh do dai CA, 2AB c) Ola gd toa dd. Tinh do dai cla 2AB + OC Tren truc x'Ox cho 3 diém : A(a) ; B(b) ; C(c) Xée dinh toa do A, B, C néu ta c6.: AB = -3 BC = 6 20C +3AB-40A =-7357. 358. 359. VI Tren truc x'Ox cho A(a) ; B(b) ; C(c) ; D(d) thea man he thiic on cB DB a) Chiing minh ring : 2 (ab + ed) = (a + b) (c +d) b) Goi 11a trung diém AB. Ching minh ring ; IA? = IB? = ICID Trén truc x'Ox cho 4 diém A, B, C, D c6 A(a) ; B(b) ; C(c) ; D (d) CA a) Chting minh ring néu = =De thi ta cé = DB cB CA.DB + DA.CB =0 b) AB.CD + AC.DB + AD.BC =0 c) DA?.BC + DB?.CA + DC*.AB + AB.BC. Cho 4 diém A,B, C, D tren truc x'Ox: A(a) ; B(b) ; C(c) ; D(d) va ta c6 CA DA cB ODB Itrung diém AB ; J trung diém CD. Chimg minh rang : a) AB.CD = 4BC.DAb) ABCD’ =i’ c) TICH VO HUGNG CUA HAI VECTO 360. Cho AABC c6 AB = 2, AC=3, A = 120°. 36" 1. a) Tinh dg dai canh BC. b) Tinh dé dai trung tuyén AM. ¢) Goi I va J 1a cdc diém thod man hé thifc : 21A + IB=0 JB -2IC =0 Tinh do dai U. d) Cho canh AB=c ; BC =a; AC =b. Tinh AB.AC theo a, b,c. ¢) Tinh AB.BC + BC.CA + CA.AB theo a, b,c. Cho AABC déu, canh bing a, Tinh cdc tich vo huéng sau theo a: a) AB.AC b) AB.AC + BC.BA + CB.CA_—c) AB.BC 362. Ciing cho nhu bai 361 a) AB.BC + BC.CA + CA.CB_b) AB(2AB - 3AC) c) Trén AB lay diém M sao cho BM 3BA ; tren BC lay diém N sao cho BN = 4BC ; tren CA ly diém K sao cho AK =2AC. Biéu dién MK va AN theo AB, AC. Chting minh ring MK vuéng géc AN363. 364. 36! a 366. . Cho AABC déu, canh bang a, M thudc BC sao cho BM = Cho AABC, M thude canh BC sao cho MB + 2MC = 0 a) Xac dinh diém M. b) AABC 6 AD, BE, CF. Chitng minh rang : AD + BE + CF=0 -AB=0 dic trung tuy’ c) Chiing minh ring : AD.BC + BE.CA + d) Ching minh ring : AB.AG = DA™ 2 2 5-2 e) Chitng minh rang; AB.BC = Rac ~ AB ~ BC’) f) Ching minh ring: SaaBC = ZVAB AC’ -(AB.AC)” Cho AABC, cé dudng cao AH va AB’ = BC.BH 1. Ching minh ring AABC vudng tai A 2G AABC vuong tai A, AB = c, C = 60°. Ké duong cao AH ; M Ia trung diém BC . Tinh cac tich v6 huéng sau : a) MB.MG b) MA.MB ——c) CH.AB d) BA.BC a 5 iN thuoe AC sao cho CN = 2 ; P thudc AB sao cho AP = x (0a. Tim diéu kién giita a, b, h dé : 1 AC vuéng gée véi BD. 2 [la trung diém CD dé géc AIB = 90° 378. Cio a, b,¢ #0. Hai cde ménh dé sau day dung hay sai : b thi a.c=b.c b Néua.c=hec thia=b a)Néua c Néu ja +b] =ja ~~ b| thi a vung géc b : d Néu [2a +b) =[a + 26] thi fa] =|b] € a(b.c) = (a.b)¢ c6 dung véi moi a, b,¢ khong? f)Néu a b thia.c#b.c379. 380. 38 382. 383. 384, 38! 56 a Cho AABC khong c6 géc vuong : a) Goi AA’ IA dudng cao cita AABC xuat phat tir A. Ching minh ring : tgB.A'B + tgC.A'C =0 b) Goi H a truc tam ABC. Chitng minh rang tgA.HA + tgB.HB + tgC.HC = 0 Cho AABC cé céc géc A, B,C. —o a) Ching minh rang : cosA + cosB + cosC < Dau = xdy ra khi nao ? b) AABC cé dic diém gi, néu thod man mot trong cdc diéu kién sau : *) |AB + AC|=|AB- AC| *) Dat AC biét uly . Tet giac ABCD c6 dac diém gi néu thoa man mot trong cac diéu kién sau a) AC - BC = DC b) DB=mDC+DA ;meR Cho hinh vuéng ABCD. M thuéc AC sao cho AM = qac ;N [a trung diém DC. a) Chting minhg ring ABMN vuong can. b) Gia sit canh hinh vudng bang a, trén BD lay diém M sao cho BD = 4BM ; N 1a trung diém.CD. Ching minh ring : MA vudng géc MN. Cho hinh vung ABCD, E va F IA céc diém xac dinh béi : BE =4BC ; CF a CD ; AE cat BF tai I. Ching minh ring AAIC vudng tai I Cho tit giéc ABCD noi tiép dudng tron tam O. Ching minh ring tt gide ABCD 18 hinh chit nhat néu : OA + OB + OC + OD =0 Cho hinh binh hanh ABCD. a) Biét ring véi moi diém M tacé: MA’ + MG Ching minh ring tt gide ABCD 1a hinh chat nhat. b) Dat AM =a; AD =b . Chiing minh ring néu : ja bl=1a-5) thi ti gidée ABCD 1a hinh chit nhat c) Néu dat AB = a, BC =b; AC=m; BD=n. Chung minh ring :& HE THUC LUGNG TRONG TAM GIAC ©) VA DUONG TRON 1- HE THUC LUGNG TRONG TAM GIAC 386. a) Cho sinx = xe (90° :180°). Tinh : A = Scosx + 3sinx + tanx = 2cotx b) Cho tan(180° ~ x) - cot(90"~ x) = 1. Tim sinx, cosx, tanx va cotx 3sinx + 2cosx 387. Cho tgx = 2. Tinh B= va C = 3cos"x - 4sinxcosx + Ssin?x. osx — 3sinx 388. Cho A, B, C 1a 3 géc cila tam gidc. Hay xét dau céc biéu thie sau : D= sinAsinBsinC E=cos* cos Bos © 2292 F = cosAcosBcosC G = tanAtanBtanC 389. Tim GTLN va GTNN cita cic biéu thie : Véi x € [0 180°] A=3 + Ssinx B=3-~2cosx C= 2sinx + 3c0s7x ~ 4 D = 3sinx + 4cosx 390. Ching minh céc biéu thiic sau c6 gid tri khong thay déi khi x thay d6i : A= (tanx + cotx)” ~ (tanx ~ cotx)” 4 4 6 6 B = 3(sin‘x + cos‘x) ~ 2(sin°x ~ cos®x) C= cos" xcot?x + 2cos"x - cot”x + sin’x |. Cho AABC c6 3 canh 12 a, b,c thod man a’ = b* + c*, Ching minh : AABC €63 géc déu nhon va 2sin7A = tanBtanC. Neu ABC cé a® = b° + ° thi AABC c6 3 géc nhon. . Tinh canh thir 3 cita mdi tam gic trong cae trudng hop sau : 39 39. 39. Ss a)a=5; b=10 ; C=510 b) a ; B= 1200 c)a=05 ; A =320 394, Tinh canh va géc con lai cia tam gidc : a)a=50 ; B=33" ; €=60° b)a=13 ; b=10 ; A =67°23' hodc A = 120° 395. a) Cho AABC cé cosA 3 ~ aL ;¢=7. Tinh a, B, Saage. R var. 3V3.Tinh Aja vaR aC = 60°. Tinh, 8, R, hy. a b)Cho AABC c6 c = 3; b=4; 396. Cho AABC cé a = 15 ; S7397. Cho AABC cé 2 trung tuyén BM, CN cat nhau tai G. Biét BM = 6 ; CN = 9, g6c BGC 1a 120°. Tinh 3 canh cua tam gidc ? Tinh dién tich cua tam gidc ? 398. Tinh do dai dudng phan gidc trong cla tam theo d6 dai 3 canh cia m6, 399. Ching minh trong moi tam gidc ta ludn cé a) b= ccosA + acosC. b) cota = 48 Ra? +b" + c) cotA + cotB + cotC = bac d) cosA + cosB + ———cosC = 0 a b c 400. Chiing minh trong moi tam gic ta ludn c6 : 1 oe at oe hy tt 401. Cho AABC cé oo #1. Chting minh : b” +c? = 2a” va suy ra m, 2cotA = cotB + cotC. 402. AABC cé ban kinh dudng tron ngoai tiép R = 2 va cotA = 2cotB = 3cotC Ching minh AABC nhon va tinh cdc canh cua tam gide d6. 403. Ching minh khoang cach tir trong tam ciia tam gide dén dudng tron ngoai tip tam gidc thod min : GO? = R?- 2 +b +e 0 404, Ching minh khodng céch tir tam dudng trdn noi tigp dén tam dudng tron ngoai tiép thod man : 10” = R? - 2Rr. 40: Ching minh khoang cach tir truc tam cita tam gidc dén dudng tron ngoai tiép thod man : OH? = 9R? - (a? +b? +c? 406. Tim quy tich nhiing diém ma MA? + MB? = 2AB" véi A, B cho trudc. 407. Tim quy tich nhiing diém ma MA? + 2MB? = 2AB? voi A, B cho trude 408. Ching minh hai trung tuyén BM va CN ciia AABC ma BM CN khi va chi khi: cotA = 2(cotB + cotC). + 409. AABC Ia tam gic gi néu cé : sinB a) ~—— = 2cosA b) S=p(p- a) Th Tes sinC 410. AABC déu néu mot trong cic dicu kién sau duoc théa man : a= 2bcosA ayhy+hyth,=9r by ry +4, +4, = 98 c) bi+c-a’411. a) Néu 2cosBsinC = sinA thi \ABC can sinA + sinB = 2sinC b) Néu thi AABC déu. cosA + cosB = 2cosC ll - HE THUC LUGNG TRONG DUONG TRON 412, 413. 414, 415. 417. 418. at s 420. Cho AABC ¢6 cac dudng cao AA’, BBY, CC’ déng quy tai H a) Chting minh A cé cing phuong tich déi véi 3 dudng tron dudng kinh BC, CH, HB. b) Chting minh H cé cing phuong tich déi véi 3 dudng tron dudng kinh BC, CA, AB. c) Tim phuong tich cla A’ déi véi dudng tron ngoai tiép AABC va A'A. AH = -A'B.A'C Cho dudng trdn tam O, bin kinh R, ¢6 dudng kinh AB thay déi. Ching minh Y\y(o; gy = MA.MB Cho dudng tron (O ; R), AB Ia dudng kinh di dong cita (0). Cho M khong nim trén dudng tron. Ching minh dung tron ngoai fiép AABM luon di qua 1 diém cé dinh khiie M. Cho AB = 8 va hai dung tron (A ;4) ; (B ;3). Tim quy tich cae diém M théa man Aya + 7yyp = 1S g A va mot diém S khong thudc A. M 1a diém di dong tren A sao cho SM.SN =k (k li hé s6 4 0) (N © SM). Tim quy tich diém N Cho AABC noi tiép dudng tron tam O bin kinh R. [1 tam dudng tron noi tigp, J 1A tam dudng trdn bang ti¢p géc A cla AABC. Chting minh OP =R?-2Rr, OF =R* + 2Rr, Cho dung tron (O ; R) va dudng thing d khong cé diém chung. Goi H 1a chan duéng vudng géc ha tir O xuéng (d). M 1a diém tity ¥ tren (d) va khéc H. Tir M ta ké t6i (O ;R) cdc tip tuyén MA, MB (A, B la cdc tip diém), Goi N 1a giao diém ciia MO va AB, K 1 giao diém cita OH va AB. Ching minh ; ON.OM = OK.OH = R? . Cho AABC can tai A va mot diém M di chuyén trén canh BC. Tia AM cat dudng tron ngoai tiép AABC tai diém N. a) Ching minh ring : AM.AN = AB. Tir dé suy ra AM.AN khong phu thudc vao vi tri diém M trén BC. b) Chting minh ring AB 1a tiép tuyén tai diém B cua dudng tron ngoai tiép ABMN va AC li tiép tuyén tai diém C ciia dudng tron ngoai tigp ACMN. Cho dudng tron dung kinh AA’, Qua mot diém P nam trén dung thing AA‘, ta ké mot dudng thang (d) vudng géc voi AA’. Mot cat tuyén qua P cat dudng tron 6 M, M’. Cac dudng thing AM, AM" cat duong thang (d) theo thit tu tai cde diém N, N’. Chting minh rang 4 diém M, M', N,N‘ nim trén t duong tron. 59421. 422. 423. 424, 425, 426. 60 Cho (O ; R) dudng kinh AB. Trén tiép tuyén véi (O) tai B ldy 2 diém phan biet P,Q. AP va AQ cat dudng tron (O) tai P,Q a) Chting minh rang P, Q, P’, Q' cing nam trén mot dudng trdn, ki higu 1 (O’). Tim phuong tich cita diém A déi véi (0’). b) Cho P, Q di dong théa man BP.BQ = k* (k khong déi va khéc 0). Chiing minh ring tam cita céic duong tron (O') lun nm trén I dug thing cé dinh, Cho ba diém A, B, C theo thi ty thang hang. (O) 18 dung tron thay déi di qua hai diém B, C. a) Tim tap hop cdc tiép diém T, T' vé tir A dén (O) khi (O) thay déi nhung vin di qua B, C. b) Goi M 1a diém xuyeén tam déi cia B trén (0). P 1a giao diém khac cita ‘AM véi (O). Chiing minh ring : AM.AP = AO’ — OC’. Cho dung tran tam O, dudng kinh AB = 24. Tren OB Itty OH = 4 (H gitta O, B). Dudng vudng géc véi AB tai H cat (O) tai C va D. Vé dudng thing OI vudng géc véi AD cat CD & E, cit cung nho AD 6 F, CF cit AB J, cit ADK. a) Tinh 440) ; AD ; CD. b) Ching minh OE.OI = OH.OA réi tinh OE. Cho dudng trdn tam O, bén kinh R. Dudng kinh AB vudng géc véi duong thang d tai H (d khong cat duéng tron). Qua H vé dudng thang d' cat duong tron tai M va N. Cac dung thing AM va AN cat d lin luot tai M’ va N’ a) Ching minh AB.AH = AM.AM' b) Chig minh HA.HB = HM.HN = HM\HN' c) Goi O' 1a tam dudng tron ngoai tiép AAM'N'. Ching minh °.AB = 2R?. Tim tp hop diém 0" khi dudmg thing d' quay quanh diém H Cho dudng tron tam O bin kinh R va I day AB c6 dinh. H a trung diém cia AB. Tir diém M tren dutmg thing AB (phan & ngoai duong tron) ké 2 tip tuyén ME va MF. Dudng thing EF ct MO 4 K va cat duong thing OH &1. a) Ching minh OM.OK = R® b) Cho R = 20 ; OH = 12; MB=8. Tinh %y4¢o) ; MO c) Ching minh OK.OM = OH.OI Cho AABC ndi tiép (O ; R). Goi M 1 trung diém BC. Dudng tron (O') ngoai tiép AAMO cat BC tai E va cit (0) tai D, AD ciit BC tai E. a) Cho FA = 18 ; FD = 3 ; BC = 15. Tinh FB, FC. b) Ching minh ring FB.FC = FE.FM c) Chiing minh rang EB.EC = EF.EM 4) Chitag minh ring EB.EC = EA* e) Ching minh ring dung tron (AMF) tip xtic EA427. 428. 429. 430. 43 432. Cho 3 diém A, B, C theo thi tu thing hang, mot dudng tron di dong qua A, B cé tam O, bin kinh R. Tir C ké cac tiép tuyén CM, CN (M, N 1a tiép diém). Goi H, [1a trung diém cia MN, AB. a) Tinh CA, CB. Biét AB = 8 ;R=5; OC =15 b) Goi P 1a giao diém ctia MN va AB. Ching minh : CO.CH = CA.CB ; CP.CI = CA.CB. Tir dé chiing minh H chay trén | dudng c c) Ching minh rang trong tim cia AAHB thude mot dudng trdn cé dinh Xde dinh tam va bin kinh cla dudng tron dé Cho 3 diém A, B, C theo thit tu thing hang, mot dudng trdn di dong qua A. B cé tam O, bin kinh R. Cho E, F trén tia OC sao cho OE.OF = R* Ching 1 1 1 minh rang : = — "Poy Bho Cho AABC vudng tai A, dung cao AH. Goi E, F lin luot 1a hinh chiéu ctta H lén AB, AC. Chting minh rang khi AH c6 dinh cdn B, C thay déi thi : a) Tit gidc BCFE noi tiép duoc va EF luén di qua mot diém cé dinh b) Ba diém A, M, I thang hang trong dé M Ia giao cia dudng tron dung kinh AH v6i dudng tron ngoai tiép AABC (M # A) va EF. AB = c) Dudng tron ngoai tiép tit gide BCFE ludn di qua 2 diém c6 dinh. Cho nita dudng tron dudng kinh AB, tam O. Trén dudng thang tiép tuyén tai A lay mot diém S # A. Tit S vé tiép tuyén ST cat duong AB tai C. a) Cho AB = 12, géc AST = 60°. Tinh SC, OC, phurong tich ciia C véi (O) b) Noi OT cat SA tai D. Ching minh ring SO 1 CD c) Goi M = SO AT. Tim qu tich diém M khi S di chuyén trén tiép tuyén tai A(S#A) d) Goi 11a trung diém cia AC, dudng tron ngoai tiép ASOI cat SA, SC lin luot tai A’, C, cat (O) tai hai diém P, Q. Ching minh rang : +P, M, Q thang hing +AA'=CC dinh «Cho AABC noi tiép dudng tron (O), M 1A trung diém canh BC. Dung tron ngoai tiép AAOM cat BC tai diém tht hai 1a E, cat duéng tron (O) tai diém thir hai la D, AD 4 BC = I. Chiing minh rang : E.FM b) EB.EC = EF.EM c) EA 1a duong trdn ngoai tiép AAFM Cho AABC c6 BC = a; AC =b; AB=c. AD Ia dudng phan gisic, AM 1a dudng trung tuyén. Dudng tron ngoai tiép AADM cat AB, AC lan luot tai E, F. a a) Chtmg minh ring: Pgapmy + Zovapmy b) Ching minh ring : BE = CF 6l433. 434, 435. 436. c) Tinh phuong tich cia diém G 1a trong tam AABC, diém I 1a tam duéng tron ndi tiép cla AABC voi dudng tron (ABC). Cho ttt giéc ABCD cé cac canh AB, CD kéo dai cat nhau 6 E va céc canh AD, BC kéo dai cat nhau & F. Ching minh ring céc trung diém ctia cic doan AC, BD va EF cing thudc mot dudng thing Ching minh ring trong tam giéc, trung diém cdc canh, chan cic dudng cao cing thudc mot dudng tron (O) va dudng tron (O) cing di qua trung diém cla méi doan thang néi mot dinh véi truc tam tam gidc Cho AABC cé trong tam G, ba canh 1a a, b, c. Dudng trung tuyén kéo dai cat duémg tron (ABC) 6 ba diém A’, B’, C’ a) Ching minh | Parggc) + Fexcao + Feucaw)=* + +e b) Chung minh : Cho AABC noi tiép trong dudng tron (O) c6 dutng cao AE = 3a (E thudc doan BC) ; EB =a ; EC = 3a. a) Tinh Ayo) va Yoyo) (H va G lin lugt 1a truc tam, trong tam ca AABC) b) Tigp tuyén tai A cita (O) cit dudng thing BC 6 K. Tinh Pky) 9 c PHUONG PHAP TOA DO TRONG MAT PHANG 1- TRUC TOA DO. HE TOA DO 437. 438. 439, 62 1) Thé nao 1a truc toa do ? Cho biét toa dd cia mot vécto va mot dién trén truc. 2) VE hé truc toa d6. Cho biét toa dé cia mot vécto va mot diém trén mit phang toa do Oxy. Cho ay = (x, ; y)), a2 = (x9 3 y2). Chitng minh ring : a) al +a? = (x) +X2 sy) +2) b) kay = (kx, ; ky)) ©) ay.a2 = x4x2 + y1y2 Cho hai vécto a, = (x;y), a’ = x's y'), a) Néu diéu kién céin va di dé a ciing phuong véi a’. b) Tinh do dai cia vécto a. c) Tinh cos(a, b) (véi a ¥0,b #0). Suy ra diéu kien cin va di dé a Lb.440. Cho hai diém A(x, : y,q). BOXy : ¥p). a) Tim toa do cia vécto AB b) Tim do 441. a) Chitng minh rang néu diém M(x ; y) chia doan thang AB A(x, : ya). B(xg : Yg) theo ti so k (tiie 18 MA = KMB ) thi tog do cla diém M 1a = kxp y = ws xy = ASB yy = PAB kD) ctia vécto AB Tird6 suy ra (x: y) khi M 1a trung diém cita doan thing AB. b) Cho tam gide ABC A(X, ; ¥p)s BOs: ¥p)s Cle: ¥o)- Trong tam G(xg ; ¥g) Ching minh ring : _ A Xp Xe , Yat Ye t+ Yc X=? > yG=™ 442. Trong hé toa do Oxy, cho m = (1; 2), n =(-150), p =(-1: 3). a) Tim toa do cita ese véeta sau a=3m -2n+p; b=3m+n)-p; m-n+2p b) Tim cac tich vo huéng m.n, m.p, n.p c) Tim géc cita cdc cap vecto a va by a vac, b vac. d) Tima vaB dé b= am+ fn 443. Cho ba diém A(O ; 1), B(2 ; 3), C(5 ; 0). a) Ching minh rang 3 diém A, B, C 1a ba dinh cla mot tam gidc. b) Tim chu vi va dién tich ciia tam gide ABC. 444. Trong mat phiing toa do cho ba diém Mj(x, ; y,), Ma(X + yo), Myx ya) lin luot 1 cde trung diém cia cdc canh BC, CA, AB cia tam gide ABC Hay tim toa do cae diém A, B, C. . (Trich dé thi DHQG Ha N¢i 1996) 445. Cho tam giée vuong can ABC (AB = AC = 1). Tim gid tri tng sau : AC.CB + CB.BA + BA.AC Il- PHUONG TRINH TONG QUAT CUA DUONG THANG 446. a) Viet phuong trinh t6ng quat cla dudng thang va chi ra toa do vécto php tuyén cua né. b) Viet phuong trinh dudng thing di qua diém ACI ; 2) va c6 vécto phap tuyén (3 ; -4) c) Viet phuong trinh dudng thing qua hai diém A(x, + Yq). BOxp i ¥p)d) Viét phuong trinh dudng thang : *) tring hoac song song vdi truc Ox ; **) tring hodc song song véi truc Oy ; **) di qua téc toa do. 447. Cho hai duong thing (Aj) : Aix + Bry +C, = 0 (Ap) | Apx + Buy + Cy = 0 Khi nao (Aj) cat (Ap), (Ay) song song vai (Ap), (Ay) tring vai (Ap). 448. a) Tim toa do diém M’ déi xting voi diém M(xyy ; yyy) qua dudng thing (d) : Ax + By +C=0. b) Tim toa do diém M' déi xing véi diém M(1 ; -2) qua dudng thing (d) : 3x + 2y -5=0. 449. Cho hai diém M(S ; 5), N(I ; 4) va dudng thing (d) : x + 2y - 6 = 0. Tim diém A trén dudng thing (d) sao cho : a) |AM - ANj Ién nhat. b) MA + MB nho nhat . 450. Cho tam gide ABC c6 duong phan gic cia goe A 1a (d) : x + y +2 = 0. Dinh B(1 ; 3), dinh C(2 ; 0). Viét phuong trinh cdc canh cita tam gidie ABC 451. Tim toa do tam ctia dung tron ngoai tiép tam gic ABC biét trung diém ctia cdc canh AB, BC, AC tuong ting 18 C(5 ; 1), A‘(1 ; 1), BB 5 7). 452. Cho ba dudng thing (dpix-ytl=0 (dy): 3x + 2y -7=0 (dy): x + 4y -19=0 d6i mot cat nhau tai A, B, C. Tim toa dé truc tam ctia tam gic ABC. 453, Lap phuong trinh cic canh cia tam gidc ABC dinh C(4 ; ~1), duéng cao va trung tuyén ké tir mot dinh c6 phuong trinh tuong ting | 2x - 3y +12=0 va 2x +3y=0 : (Trich dé thi yao DHVH, 1998) 454. Cho hai diém M(1 ; 1), N(7; 5) va dudng thang (d) : x + y - 8 = 0. a) Tim diém P € (d) sao cho APMN can dinh P. b) Tim diém Q & (d) sao cho AQMN vudng dinh Q. 455. Trong mat phing véi hé toa do Oxy cho hai dudng thing (dy):x-~y=O va (dy): 2x¢y-1=0 Tim toa do cae dinh hinh vuong ABCD, biét ring dinh A thudc (d)), dinh C thudc (d3) va cde dinh B, D thudc truc hoanh. (Trich dé thi Dai hoc khoi A, 2008) P 3 3 456. Cho hai dudng thing A; : 2x - y - 2=0, A): kx ~y~ > =0 trong mat 64 phing toa do Oxy.457. Ill - 458. 45! 460. 461. a) Timk dé # A; song song véi Ay © A; cat Ay © Ay vuong gée vai 5 b) Trong tring hop (Ay) vuong géc véi (Ay) cho diém M(3 : 0). Viet phuong trinh dung thing qua M cat (A)), (Az) tai hai diém nan M 1a trung diém. Cho hai diém A(6 ; 1), B(O ; 3) va dudng thang (Ay) : 3x ~ 2y a) Viet phutong trinh dudng thing (A3) qua hai diém A, B b) Viet phuong trinh dudng thing (Aq) va (Ay) theo thie ty qua A, B va yuong géc v6i (A). Co nhan xét gi vé quan hé giita (Ag) va (Ay). PHUONG TRINH THAM SO VA PHUONG TRINH CHINH TAC CUA DUONG THANG KHOANG CACH TU MOT DIEM DEN MOT DUONG THANG, GOC GIUA HAI BUGNG THANG 1. Thé nao 1a vécto chi phutong ciia mot dung thing 2. a) Viét phuong trinh tham sé cila duéng thang qua diém A(xy ; yy) va cd vécto chi phuong u = (a; b) véi a” +b” #0. b) Viet phuong trinh tham sé ctia dung thing A qua digm ACI; =1) va c6 véets chi phutong u = (3; -1) c) Viet phuong trinh tham sé ciia dung thing qua hai diém A(xg 5 yq)s Boxy 5 Yn). Cho phuong trinh duémg thing (A) : f = xo +a . y=Yo t bt Viet phuong trinh chiuh tic cia dudng thing (A) Duving thing (A) c phuong trinh téng quat : 3x + 4y + | = 0. Viet phuong trinh tham s6, pong trinh chinh tic cla (4). Cho phuong trinh tham s6 cua dung thang (A) : a) Tim vécto chi phuong ciia dudng thing (A). 65b) Tim vécto phap tuyén cita dudng thing (A). 462. Xét vi tri tuong déi cita cap dung thang sau va tim toa do giao diém cia chiing (néu c6) =142t ay att? va x-2y+1=0 y=-2+t by Ratt yy [eek y=3+2t y=2-2k : fray 463. Tim phuong trinh dudng thing di qua giao diém ciia hai dudng thang : x=44t x=34t (A): fe tay: { =2-t y=7-2t va chan trén hai truc toa dé nhiing doan bang nhau. 464, Trong mat phiing toa do Oxy cho tam gidc ABC va diém M(-I ; 1) 1a trung diém cia canh AB. Hai canh AC va BC theo thtt tu nam trén hai dudng =I-t =2t (Ag): x + 3y ~ thang : (Ay) : { 0. y a) Xéc dinh toa do ba dinh A, B, C cia tam giéc ABC va viét phuong trinh dudng cao AH. b) Tinh dién tich tam gide ABC. 465. Trong mat phang vdi hé truc toa do Décdc vudng géc Oxy cho diém A(8 ; 6). Lap phuong trinh tham s6 cia dudng thing qua A va tao vi hai truc toa do mét tam gidc c6 dién tich bing 12. 466. Trén mat phang véi hé truc toa dé vudng géc Oxy cho hai diém B(2 ; -1), C(I ; -2). Trong ttm G cia tam giéc ABC nim tren dudng thing =1+t : :, (A): { ; + dien tich tam giée ABC bing 5-Tim toa do diém A. yqlct x=144t 467. Cho dudng thing (A) : 3 6646 46 3 < 47 s ani. 472. 47 oo 474, 475. . Trong, mat phang véi hé toa do Oxy cho hai diém A(1 ; 1), B(4: a) Viét phuong trinh dudng thang (A) qua M va song song voi (A;) b) Viet phutong trinh dudng thang (Ay) qua M va vuong géc véi (A). c) Tim khoaing cach gitta (Ay) va (Aa). Trong mat phang vai hé truc toa do truc chudn Oxy cho tam gidéc ABC voi cde dinh A(-6 ; 3), B(-4 ; 3), C(9 ; 2) a) Viét phuong trinh dudng thing (d) chia phan gidc trong cla géc A ciia tam gide ABC. b) Tim diém P trén duéng thang (d) sao cho tit giéc ABPC 1a hinh thang. (Trich dé thi vao DHSP Ha Noi 2, 2000) -3). Tim diém C thudc dudng thing x ~ 2y ~ 1 = 0 sao cho khoang cach tir C dén dung thing AB bing 6. (Trich dé thi khéi B, 2004) DUONG TRON Trong mat phiing véi hé toa do Décac vudng goc Oxy a) Viét phutong trinh dudng tron tam O(a ; b) ban kinh R b) Tir d6 suy ra phuong trinh duéng tron c6 tam Ia géc toa do, bin kinh R. Tim tam va bén kinh dung trdn c6 phuong trinh : x? y+ 2Ax + 2By +C=0 véi digu kin A? +B - C>0. Viet phuong trinh tigp tuyén cilia dudng tron (C) : (x — 3)? + (y + biét ring tiép tuyén dé di qua diém M(S ; 1). Viet phuong trinh tiép tuyén cita dudng tron (C) : x? +? - 2x + 4y -4=0 biét ring tiép tuyén qua diém MC + V5 0). a) Viet phuong trinh dudng tron (C) c6 tam I(-1 ; 2), ban kinh R = VI3 b) Tim toa d6 giao digm ciia dudmg tron (C) véi duimg thing (A) : x ~ Sy - 2=0. Goi céc giao diém 14 M, N. Tim toa do diém P sao cho tam gic MNP noi tiép dudng tron. c) Viet phuong trinh tiép tuyén ciia dudng tran (C) di qua diém M. Trong mat phang véi hé toa dd Décdc vudng géc cho dudng tron (C) x? +” - 6x + 2y +5 =0. Goi A va B 1a hai giao diém ciia dudng tron (C) Véi truc hoainh (xq > xp) a) Tim toa d6 A, B, tam I cita duéng tron (C). 67b) Viet phuong trinh dung thing tiép xtic vi dudng tron (C) va vuong Bde voi TA. 476. Trong mat phing Oxy cho dung tron (€) c6 phuong trinh x ty? -4x + 6y-12=0 a) Tim tam va ban kinh cla dudng tron (¢) b) Xiic dinh theo m vi tri tuong déi ciia dudng thing (A):y = 2x + m v6i dudng tron (4) c) Viet phuong trinh tiép tuyén cia dudng tron vudng géc vai duding y = x 477. Trong mat phing toa do Oxy hay lap phuong trinh dudng tron ngoai tiép tam gide c6 ba canh nim trén ba dutng thang sau x2 ones =x 05 -8=0 Yass: YOR-2=0, y te 478. Trong mat phang vdi hé toa dg Décac Oxy cho hai diém A(8 ; 0), B(O ; 6). a) Viet phuong trinh duding tron ngoai tiép tam gidc OAB. b) Viet phuong trinh dudng tron ngi tiép tam gidc OAB. (Trich dé thi vao DH Dong D6, 1998) 479, Trong mat phing vét hé toa do Décic vung géc Oxy cho hai dudng tron (Cy): x? + y? — 10x = 0, (Cy) : x? +" + 4x — 2y - 20=0. a) Viét phuong trinh dutmg trdn di qua cdc giao diém (C,), (C2) va cd tam nam trén dudng thing (D) : x + 6y - 6 = 0. b) Viet phuong trinh tiép tuyén chung cua hai dudmg tron (C)) v4 (Cy) V -ELIP 480. a) Cho dudng thing (A), mot diém M va mot so k (0 < k < 1), Thé nio fi phép co diém M vé dudng thing (A) theo hé s6 k b) Thé nao 1a dudng elip. 481.a) Viét phuong trinh chinh tic cia elip trong mat phang vai hé toa do Décac vudng géc Oxy. b) Neu nhimg dac diém hinh dang ciia elip. 482. a) Tir phuong trinh chinh tic cia elip : =1 (a> b> 0), xde dinh 68 toa do tiéu diém cia elip. b) Néu diéu kién dé diém M nim trén mét elip. c) Thé nao 1a ban kinh qua tiéu cia diém M(x ; y) nim trén elip ? d) Thé nao 1a ti¢u cy, tam sai ¢ ca clip?483. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. Cho elip c6 phuong trinh chinh tic 1 (a> b> 0). Khi dé duong thing (Ay):x =~", (Ag): x = © duge goi la duéng chudin cia elip. 2 e (\)) goi la dung chudn ting voi tiéu diém F, (3) goi IA duéng chudn ting v6i ti¢u diém Fy Cho elip 5 +l a) Xac dinh toa do tiéu diém, toa do cdc dinh ctia elip. b) Xée dinh tieu cu, do dai truc 1én, do dai truc nhé cita elip. c) Xe dinh céc duémg chuan cia elip. Cho elip (E = 400. Tim dién tich cua ti gide c6 hai dinh triing véi hai tiéu diém cia (E), hai dinh con lai tring véi hai dinh cla truc nhé. [3 :0); Fy(V3 50) va mot dudng chuiin Cho elip (E) co hai tigu diém F,(— 4 6 phuong trinh x = a) Viet phuong trinh chinh tic eta (E) b) M1 mot diém thudc (E). Tinh gid tti biéu thiic P= F\M? +F)M° - 30M? ~ F\/M.F)M c) Viet phuong trinh dudng thing (d) song song véi true hoanh tai hai diém A, B sao cho OA OB. Tren mat phing véi hé toa dé Décde vudng gée Oxy, viét phuong tinh chinh tie ciia elip (E) : at (E) a) C6 tam IA géc toa dé va di qua hai diém P(-3 ; 1) va 4 3 ). b) C6 tigu diém F)(-4 ; 0), c6 d6 dai truc 1én 1a 12. Tim nhiing diém tén (E) c6 ban kinh qua tigu diém nay bang 3 In ban kinh qua ticu diém kia. : Cho elip ¢6 phuong trinh : (BE): 34+ Tim trén (E) nhitng diém nhin FF) duéi mot géc vuong. Trong mat phdng toa do cho hai duéng thang (d;), (d2) ¢6 phuong trinh : (dj): (a-b)xty=1 (dy): @? - b?)x + ay =b 69242 Cho biét b~ = 4a" + 1. a) Xc dinh giao diém cita (dy) va (dy), b) Tim tap hop (E) cdc giao diém cita (dj), (dy) khi a, b thay déi. (Trich dé thi DH Duge Ha Noi 2000) 489, Trong mat phing Oxy cho diém A(0 ; 4) va dudng thing y = 8. 490. 49 492. 493, 49. = 70 a) Tim trén dudng thing y = 0 diém B(xg ; 0) va trén dudng thang y = 8 diém C(x¢ ; 8) sao cho AB = AC va tam gidc ABC cé dign tich bang 24 b) Chiing minh ring céc trong tam ciia cc tam gidc vira tim duge nim trén mot dudng thang. Cho hai duéng thing : (Ay): x - Ty -14=0 (Ay) x+y +2=0 a) Tinh géc tao bai (Ay) va (Ay) b) Tinh khoang cach tir diém M(2 ; 3) dén (Ay) va (Ap) c) Viet phutong trinh dudng phan gidc cia géc hop béi hai dudng thing (Ay) va (Ag). 4) Lap phutong trinh dung thing (A) di qua géc toa dé sao cho dung thing (A) tao véi (Ay), (Az) mot tam gide can ma dinh Ia giao cua (A,) va (Ap), . Cho tam gidéc ABC, A(-1 ; 2), B(2 ; 4), C(4 ; 5). a) Viét phuong trinh ba canh cia tam gidc. b) Viet phuong trinh cic dudng cao ciia tam gidc. c) Tim toa do trong tam G, truc tam H, tam dudng tron I ngoai tiép tam gic. Trong mat phng Oxy, cho tam gide ABC cé B(2 ; 1), duéng trung tuyén (AM) : x + y - 2 = 0, dudng cao (CH) : 2x - y + 3 =0. a) Tim toa do céc dinh cdn lai cita tam gide b) Tim dién tich ciia tam gidc. Trong mat phang véi hé toa do Décdc truc chutin xOy, cho tam giéc ABC c6 dinh A(-I ; ~3), dudng cao BH nam trén dudng thing y = x, duémg phan gidc géc C nim trén dudng thing x + 3y + 2 = 0. Viét phuong trinh canh BC. (Trich dé thi vao DHKT Ha N6i, 1998) . Trong mat phing toa do Oxy cho dudng trdn (#) cé phuong trinh : x? ty? - 2x - 6y +6 = 0 va diém M(2; 4) a) Chiing t6 rang diém M nam trong dudng tron. b) Viet phuong trinh duéng thing di qua diém M, cat dudng tron tai hai diém sao cho M 1a trung diém cia AB. ©) Viét phuong trinh dudmg tron (%€') doi xing v6i (4) qua duimg thing AB.495. Viet phuong trinh dudng tron trong mdi trudng hop sau a) Co tam 1a diém I(1 ; 2) va di qua diém A(3 ; -5). b) C6 tam nam trén dudng thing 3x - 2y - 3 = 0 va di qua hai diém AL; 3), BG 5 1). oc qua d tam nam trén dudng thing 2x + y ~ 4 = 0, c6 ban kinh bang 5 va di im A(4 ; 6). 496. Trong mat phing toa do Oxy cho duomg tron (¢) 2x7 +" A mot diém A(x; : y) nim ngoai dudng tron. Tit A ké hai tiép tuyén AB va AC voi dudng tron (¢), trong dé B, C 1a hai tiép diém. a) Lap phuong trinh duéng thing di qua hai diém B, C. b) Gia str A chay trén dudng thang (a) 6 dinh khong cé diém chung voi dudng tron (€) . Ching minh ring khi dé cc dudng thang di qua B, C luén di qua mot diém c6 dinh. 497. Trong mat phing toa do Oxy cho ho dubng cong (¥,,) 6 phuong trinh : =0 x? ty? + 2(m — Ix - 2m - 2y +m? ~ 8m + 13 a) Tim tat ca cdc gia tri cha m dé (¢,,) 1 dudng tron. Tim quf tich tam I cia dudng tron khi m thay déi. b) Cho m = 4. Viét phuong trinh cdc tiép tuyén ké tir diém ACI ; 5) dén (€4). (Trich dé thi vao DHQG TP. Hé Chi Minh, 2001) 2 pa a 498. Cho elip (E) : 35 + 4 a) Tim toa do cdc tiéu diém, cdc dinh cia (E). b) Tim do dai truc Ién, truc nhé, tiéu cu. c)Tim tam sai e cia (E). 499. Lap phuong trinh chinh tac cia (E) biét hai titu diém F,(-V5;0), F,(V5 ; 0) va di qua diém B(0 ; 2) Trong mat phang véi hé toa do vudng géc Oxy cho elip : 1. 50 = (E): vi hai dudng thing (D) : ax - by = 0; (D’) : bx + ay = 0 véi a? +b? > 0. Goi M, N 1a giao cia (D) voi (E) ; P, Q 1a giao cila (D') véi (E). 1) Tinh dién tich ttt gide MPNQ theo a, b. 2) Tim diéu kién dé dign tich ttt giéc MPNQ nhé nhat. (Trich dé thi DH Y - Dug TP. Hé Chi Minh, 2001) 71Phan II HUONG DAN GIAI - DAP SO 72 a) Ménh dé sai vi 77 cn 6 ude 1a 11 b) Ménh dé sai vi néu cp canh doi con lai khong bang nhaw thi tir gidc khong phai [a hinh binh hanh c) Menh dé sai vi néua0 a) La ménh dé. Ménh dé phi dinh la ; "Higu do dai hai canh cua mot tam gidc Ién hon hoac bing d6 dai canh thit ba’. b) La mot ménh dé. Ménh dé phit dinb 1a : "Phuong trinh x” ~ x ~ 15 = 0.¢6 nghiém” a) A: "Va, be Rath A diing vi phép cong cc sé thuc ¢6 luat giao hodn A : sai b)B:"3xeR, Bsai. B: "Vx e R,x> 4-3" ding a) A : "Binh phuong cita moi s6 thuc Ia s6 am". A la ménh dé sai. b) B: "Vx © R,x’ +140" 1 ménh dé ding. c) © :"3k © Z,k (k + 1) (k + 2) khong chia hét cho 3” LA ménh dé kéo theo dang A => B véi : ho la déng dang”. ‘ho c6 dién tich bang nhau". Ménh dé di cho 18 sai vi B sai : Hai tam gidic déng dang cé thé c6 dign tich khae hau ABC Ti tam gide déu" ‘am dug tron ngoai tiép AABC [a giao diém 3 dudng cao” Vi A => Bla dting nén né la mot dinh ly. "SO nguyén tin cing bing 9” 6 nguyén dé chia hét cho 3" Ménh dé A => B nay sai (vi du: 19 khong chia hét cho 3), do d6 né khong phai la mot dinh ly a) A => Bating. Dinh ly ton hoc : "Néu tt gide 1a hinh chit nhat thi ti gide d6 c6 2 dudng chéo bang nhau" hodc gon hon : "Hinh chit nhat c6 2 duéng chéo bing nhau" b) "Hinh chi nhat la dieu kign dit dé tit gid c6 hai duéng chéo bing nhau’ “Hai dudng chéo bing nhau la diéu kién cin dé tit gidc 1a hinh chit nhat” c) Khong dugc vi ménh dé B => A sai a) P => Q dting. C6 dinh ly : "Hinh binh hanh c6 2 canh lien tiép bing nhau 1a hinh thoi", Q = P diing. Co dinh ly : "Hinh thoi 1a hinh binh hanh c6 2 canh lien tigp bang nhau”. Ja ménh dé sai10. 1 12. 13. 14, 15. Vay P Bdiing va B=> A diing nen A ¢> B Suy ra a) 1a ménh dé ding b) Dring c) Dung vi ménh dé "Hinh binh hanh cé hai canh doi bang nhau" ding Tinh tit gide c6 hai canh doi bang nhau 1 hinh binh 1. Diu kién cdin va dit dé mot tit gidc 161 1 hinh binh hanh 12 n6 6 eae cap canh d6i bing nhau timg doi 2. Dieu kign cin va di dé ut gide 161 1a hinh binh hanh 1a n6 6 cae cap canih d6i song song tig doi 3. Diéu kién can va dit dé ut gide 16i 1d hinh binh hanh 12 n6 6 hai dudng chéo cat nhau tai trung diém cia méi dudng 4. Diéu kién cin va dii dé ttt gide 161 14 hinh binh hanh 1a n6 c6 mot cap Ih d6i song song va bing nhau. Didu kién céin va di dé mot ttt gidc 161 14 hinh chit nhat 1. C6 3 gée vudng. 2. C6 2 dudng chéo bing nhau, cit nhau 6 trung diém cita mdi dudng, 3. C6 1 gée vinong va cae cap canh déi bang nhau. 4.C6 1 géc vudng va cae cap gée déi bang nhau. Dic kién can va dit dé mot tit gide 16i 1a hinh thoi : 1. C6 4 canh bing nhau, 2. C6 2 dudng chéo vudng géc, cit nhau tai trung diém ctla méi dudng. 3. C6 cdc cdp canh déi bang nhau va hai canh lién tiép nao dé bang nhau 4. C6 cdc cp géc d6i bang nhau va hai canh lién tiép nao d6 bang nhau. Diéu kién cn va di dé mot hinh binh hanh 1a hinh chit nhat 1. C6 I géc vudng. 2. C6 2 dudng chéo bang nhau. " Clhinh vi vay ma ngudsi ta 66 thé Idly day Kim dinh nghia ctia hinh thoi 7320. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 74 Diéu kién can va dii dé mot hinh binh hanh a hinh thoi 1. C6 2 canh lién tiép nao d6 bing nhau. 2. C6 2 dudmg chéo vudng géc Diéu kign can va dii dé mot hinh binh hanb [a hinh vuong : 1. C6 2 canh lién tiép nao dé bing nhau va cé | gc vuong 2. C6 2 canh lien tiép nao dé bing nhau va cé 2 dudng chéo bing nhau Néu k € Z, k 06 thé duge viét duéi dang. *k = 2n véin © Z hoic k = n+ I véine Z. Néu k = 2n thik? +k +1 =4n? + 2n + I khong chia hét cho 2 (la s6 Ié). Néuk =2n+1 thik? +k+1=(2n¢1)°4(Q2n41) 41 ~ = (4n? + 6n + 2) + 1 cing Ia s6 le. Phi dinh keét luan cia ménh dé, c6 cdc trudng hop sau : *a>1,b> 1. Khi dé a+ b> 2, mau thuan v6i gid thi *a>1,b=1 (va nguoc lai). Khi dé a + b > 2, mau thudn véi gid thiét *a=1,b=1. Khi do a+b = 2, mau thudn véi gid thiét. Cac mau thudn trén ching to ménh dé ding. Ménh dé dio : "Néu a hodc b nhé hon | (véi a,b € R) thia +b <2" lisa vi ching han, néu a = 0,5 thi cé thé chon b = 2, khi dé a + b = 2,5 >2 a) Ding by Sai ©) Sai d) Sai e) Ding fy'Sai g) Ding k) Sai i) Sai a) Sai b) Ding c) Sai d) Sai Lap danh sich trong té gém : Ho va tén, néu triing ci ho va ten thi ghi nam sinh . a)A={-1; 1} b) B= (1) e)C= {1} p= {4:4} e)E= (15457; 10; 13; 16; 19} fy F={-6; 45-3 5-25-1505152;5354;55; 6} a)BcA; CcA; DcA; EcA; FcoA CcB; DcB; EcB; EcC; EcD DcF; EcF b)CND=E BN F=D B\(C U DU EB): tap hop cdc hinh binh hanh vita khong c6 géc vuong vita khong c6 cdc canh bing nhau a)A UB=B=(0});AN B=A=@;A\B=D;B\A=0 b)C U D=D= {xeN|x:3} oc) CN D=C= {xeN|x:9} C\D=@;D\C= {xeN|xi3 vax io} d)E U F=E=F;Ef F=E=F ;E\F=F\E=@27. 28. 29. 30. a) fay} : fay} Hi {a3} (ay sag) ; fajsag) ; (ay; a3) (jj): 2 Co 8 tap hop con (2° = 8) b)@, {0}, c6 hai tap hop con (2! = 2) 0) 2, 6 | tap con duy nhat d)C6 D= {-2;-1;0;1;2) Céic ban ty gidi - (C6 tat cd 2° = 32 tap con) aya E yy D yi -2 3 3 B me 44 E 4 1 ~a 3 2 3 Cc }; F A: -2 3 Hinh 6 b)AU B=[-2;-3] 5 AM B=(-2;+3) 5 A\B={-2]}; AUC=(-0543); AMC={-2} 3 A\C=(-253) MA =(-©;-2) 5 AUD=[-2;3) ; AN D=(-2:-3); AND = {-2) > DA=@ 3 AUES[-2;+3] Ban doc ty giai tiép. HH + —+- AU B=(3; +0) -3 2 10 FEEREEEAE LEELA PELE EE EEE EEA ABN C=S . 5-3 0 2 10 (BU C) NM A=(-3;0) U (2; 10] HEHEHE EEE EEE ELE a) (-0 ; -10) =x <-10 0 : = —_-s HH b) 0; 10] =x <10 a c)-2;-5) =-2-3 PEELE $$$» e) FL; 15] Is HHH Hinh& -1 1534. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. a) (-0 5 5) b) [3 fi +) c) (2; 10) d)[-1; 4] e)(1; 4] a) (-2:3) HEHE ttt ttt 2 3 bl ASEELLAEELAAEEEELEEEPEA A HYP td 12 0) ® We d) (-2; I hoae -2 105456) (0:5; 6} 13 oa=R[> ; +) = (-#5 Hoae A = (x € R | 2x-3< 10} b)B={xeR | |x| <3) a) Gia sit F, Ga cdc tap hop 16i va G4 Xét cdc diém M, N (M # N) trong F (1 G. Ta c6 : MéF 1) G=>>MeF. ViF 1a tap hop Jéi nén MN F (1) Ne FM F=>NeF ‘Tuiong ty MN & G (2) Tir (1) va (2) suy ra MN CF) G: F 1) G 1a tap hop 16: bi Chua thé khang dinh40. Ts c6 so dé Ven sau day vi T: Tap hop hoc sinh thich Toan A: Tap hop hoe sinh thich Anh V : Tap hop hoe sinh thich Van Qua so dé, ta thay ngay a) Téng sé hoe sinh chi thich mot mon 29 +244 14=67em b) S6 hoc sinh khong thich mén nao : 100 - [67 + (443 +6+47)] = 13 em. Vo Minh 10 41. 1. Mot him s6 f xéc dinh trén tap hop DB (Dc R, DB 4 G) 1a mor quy tic : Ung voi mdi so x € D luon xc dinh mot sé thuc y duy nhit, goi 1a gid tri cia him sé f tai x, ki higu By = f(x). Ngudi ta thudng viet nhu sau: f: BR x Py =x) D goi la rip vac dinh, x goi la déi sé (hay bien s6) chia ham so fF. Viidu > Mot ngudi di bd trung binh mi gid di duge 4 km Nhu vay 1 gid ngudi dé di dugc 4 km. 2 gid ngudi dé di duoc 8 km. New goi SIA quing dudng di duge trong thoi gian t, thi quing dudng di duge Li ham so ciia thoi giant, ta viet S = 4t 2. Trong cau 1) ham sé y = f(x) c6 DCR, D+¥ o thi D 1d tap xc dinh ctta ham sé. Néu him sé cho duéi dang biéu thie thi tap xdc dinh cia ham 86 y = f(x) 14 tap hgp tat cd cae sé thuc x sao cho biéu thtic f(x) c6 nghia. Vidu * Cho ham sé y thi tap xdc dinh cita ham so 1a D =R\ {1} x-l * Cho ham sé y = Jx —3 thi tap xde dinh cita ham sé 1a D = [3 ; +). 42. Trong cic twong ting da cho thi tong ting g, tuong ting p xc dinh ham 5 Tuong tng g xdc dinh ham s6 tir M dén N, vi ting vdi mdi so thudc M cé mot sé duy nhat thugc N Tuong ting p xc dinh ham s6 tir A dén B. Tuong ting f khong xc dinh mot ham sé ti X dén Y vi ting voi méi gid tri 5 € Xc6 hai gid tri 140 va | thudc Y. Tuong ting h khong xc dinh mot ham s6 tir A dén B vi gid tri 4 € A khong cé gid tri tuong ting thudc B a43. 1. a) 44, aby = 45, a) Ham s6 y = x? xc dinh véi moi gi a Hinh It Tuong ting f xae dinh mot ham s6 tir A dén B, vi ting véi mai s6 thude A c6 mot s6 duy nhit thude B. Twong ting h khong xc dinh mot him s6 vi ting v6i 5 € A cé hai gid tri 0; 1 thude B. x-1 néu x20 3- 2x néux <0 Ta cé (1) =0 ; £0) = 1; f(-2) = 7; f(-3) = 9. 2. Ham s6 y = f(x) = | muén y cé nghia thi x ~ 10 4 0 = x 4 10, nén tap xiic dinh 8 x-10° cia ham sé la DB =R\ {10}. byy= 5-x . D=I5; +0} muén y 6 nghia thi x > | vax #2. Vay tap xc dinh 1 4d) y2=———, : (x = 2)/x = 1 etia ham so 18 D = (1; 2) U (2; 40). A tri cita x (nghia 1a D = R) va tap gid tri cia ham 8613 R. b) y = 2x -6,y =O thi 2x -6=0e9x y=x"-25,y =Othix” - 25 =0cx =45. 46. a) Ham sé f(x) = x - ut xie dinh vdi moi x # 0, nén tap xdc dinh cia ham x 78 sola D=R\ {0}. I b= 4) —47 f(5) = f(-0,25) = 3,75. alte & 1) Dé thi cia ham sé y = f(x) voi tap xde dinh D 1a tap hop cdc diém (x (x) v6i x © DB doi voi mot hé toa do da cho. Vi du : Dé thi ham s6 x-1 néu x20 ¥* 13~2x ndu x <0 (bai tap 5) 1a. nét dam ciia hinh 12. 2) a) Ham so y = f(x) xde dinh trén khoiing (a; b) : LTE * y = f(x) dong bién (hay tang) trén (a ; b), néu v6i moi x), x2 € (a; b) Xp XQ > flxq) < f(xQ). © y = f(x) nghich bign (hay gidm) trén (a; b), néu véi moi x), x2 € (a; b) Xp < Xp => (x1) > (xp). Ngudi ta c6 thé xét tinh dong bién, nghich bién cua ham s6 bang dé thi © Néu mot him sé déng bién trén khoang (a; b) thi dé thi cia né di lén trong khoang dé. * Neu mot ham so nghich bién tren khong (a;b) thi dé thi cia né di xuGng trong khodng dé Tit dé va can cit vao dé thi ham sé (h. 2) ta cé : Ham sé déng bién trong cdc khoang sau : (-2;1);(3; 4) Ham sé nghich bién trong cdc khoang sau: (-3; - 2); (1:3) by £(-3) = FE-1) = FG) =0 ; £(0) = 2; : f(4)=1 c) GTLN f(x) = f() = (-3,4) GTNN f(x) = f(-2) = 3. D6 thi ham sé -Inéux <0 senx = 40 néux =0 (ham dau) Inéux >0 Hinh 13 (diém c6 tung | trén truc tung khong phai Ia digm cia dé thi) 7948. 49. 80 1) Cho ham soy = f(x) xac dinh tren D © Ham sé f(x) goi 1 ham s6 chan, néu ting voi Vx © D thi -x © D va f(x) = f(-x) ¢ Ham so f(x) goi 1a ham Ié, néu ting voi Vxe D thi ve D va f(x) = -f(-x) Vidu > Ham soy = x7 La ham s6 chain, ham sO y = x* 1 him so le D6 thi ca ham s6 chin nhan true tung Rim true déi xing. D6 thi ctia ham so lé nhan géc toa do Lam tam doi xtmg. 2) a) y=x* +x, tap xde dinh fA Ronen xe Rthi-x c Reva f(x) 4x, f(-x) =(-x)' =x = x =x =-f(x) nen y =x) +x La ham so 1é b) y=x7 +x, tap xe dinh la. D =Rnenx ¢ Rthi-vc Reva flx)=x7 5 fx) =(x) = khong 1é. ©) y=Vi-x2, him sé xde dinh khi vi chi khi t-x2 200 x2 jp xie dinh D = [-1:1], nen xe Dthi ve D va f(x) =vi- avi ham chan d) y= V44x + V4—x, muon y c6 nghia o> 44x20 va 4-x 20 x >-4,x <4 nén tap xie dinh D = [-4; 4], Vay x ¢[-4:4] thi —x c[-4;4] va f(x) = dex + Ox f(-x) = Jax + V4 —(Cx) = Va ex + VE cho 14 ham s6 chan. 2x ¥ f(x) nen ham y=x7 +x Li ham khong chin c -Isxsl, » fx) =V1-(x x” = fx) nén ham s6 di cho 1 = f(x) nen ham sé da50. 51. 52. 53. 54. Ta 4 biét dé thi ham sé y = f(x) 1 tap hop cae diém (x ; f(x). Nhu vay dé thi cla ham s6 y = f(x) 1a tap hop cae diém ma toa dé cia n6é thoa main dang thie y = €(x) bang sé. Trong bai ton da cho khong chi ra tap hop tinh chat gi ? Nhu vay khong thé két Iwan tap hop cae diém dé 1a dé thi ham sé y = f(x) diém d6 thoa n Ham s6 y = 3x ;y = -2x +3 Rv hAm so bac nhat a) Khoang xc dinh cita ham s6 B= R b) c) Dé thi ham sé y = F(x) 1a dudng thing cit hai truce toa dO, nén y = f(x) a ham sé bac nhat y = ax + b di qua hai diém (0; 3) va (3:0) nén ta c6 hé phuong trinh : 3=a0+b lo=a3+b Vay ham sola y = f(x) = -x +3, v6i D=R. n sé y = f(x) 12 ham s6 nghich bien. a) 1 b) Tap gid tri ctia ham s6 y = f(x) 1a [-2; 2] c) (() = 2,f@) =1; f(D) =0 p xe dinh ciia ham sé y = F(x) 1a D = [-3:1] d) Lam tuong tw nhu cau c) bai 2. Ta cé. ham s6 = y=f(x)=x41 voi D = [-3:1] 1) Hinh 14 x+1 néux 20 2)a) y= ls] + = : 2x +1 néux <0 Do thi lah. 15a Hinh 14 814 1 2x+1 néux2- col b) y =l2x+tl= 2x1 néux<-4 2 Dé thi 1a h.15b 2x néu x <-1 c) y=lxeil¢lx—tl=4 2 néu-I 2x+2=-x+5>x pome A ya-x+5 Vay toa do cia M = (1; 4) by Dudng thang x = 5 1a dudng thang song song vai truc tung truc hoanh tai diém cé hoanh do bing 5. Vay dudng thang vudng géc voi duong thing x = 5 vadiqua M(1;4) 1a y = 4 (HS tu vé hinh).57. 58. 59. 60. ©) Duong thang song song véi dudng thing y = -3x +2 1a y = 3x +b. no di qua M(1:4) nén ta c6 4 = 3x1 +b => b= 7. Phuong trinh cia duimg thang phai tim IA y = ~3x +7 Dé ding tim duge giao diém cita ding thing y = 2x ays-x-3 2 M(-1:- 2). Muén ba duding thing déng quy thi dudng thing y = mx +5 phai di qua M, nén ta c6 : -2=mx(-I)+5>m=7 a) Ta bidt ty = ate +b. nude déng bang 60°C, 6 32°F nén ta c6 32 =a.0 +b => b= 32°. Nude soi 6 100°C, & 212°F, nén ta c6 212 - 32 100 m lai a = 18 va b= 32°F, tp = 18t 212° = a.100° + 32° >a 115° - 32° by Khi te = 115°. t 46° Vay niet do 115°F ting v6i 46°C a) Ta co cong thie v = vg + 3200t hay v = 10000km/sec+ 5200"! I sce v = 10000 + 3200 = 13200km/see Sau 10 sec v = 10000 + 3200 x 10 = 42000km /sec 120000 ~ 10000 3200 = 34,375 (see) 1, Him so bac hai 1a ham sé c6 dang y = ax? + bx +€ trong dé a,b, € 1d hang s6 va a #0. Tap xde dinh cia ham s6 1a D = R Vidw y =x?,y = x2 + 2x +1. 2. a) Mg(1; 2), tinh tién diém My theo phiong ctia true tung lén tren 3 don vi ta duge diem) My, xuéng dudi 3 dan vi ta duge digém My b) Tinh tign diém Mo(1; 2) theo phuong cla true hoanh sang phai 2 don vi ta duge diém Mg, sang trai 2 don vi ta duge diém My (h. 16) Hinh 16 8361. 62, 84 1. Trong mat phang toa do cho G 1a dé thi cia ham so y = f(x), min 1a hai s6 tuy y. Khi dé a) D6 thi cia ham sé y = f(x) +m 1a dé thi G tinh tién theo phuong cla truc tung [ml don vi lén trén néu m>0, xudng duéi néu m <0 b) Dé thi cia ham sé y = f(x—n) 1a dé thi G tinh tién doc theo truc hodnh |n| don vi, sang phai néu n> 0, sang trai néun<0. 2. a) D6 thi C ciia ham sé Z y=x? la mét parabol (h. 17). Hine 1? b) y=x? 44x 42=(x +2) -2=[x-(-2)] ~2 Dé thi ham sO y =x? + 4x +2 1a parabol y = x cita true hoanh 2 don vi vé ben tii sau dé lai tinh tign theo phuony cia inh tien theo pl tong truc tung 2 don vi xudng phia didi y =ax? +bx +c (a #0) thi ham sO y = ax? + bx +e (a #0) cé dang y=a(x—n)? 4m x7 +bx +e 12 parabol Py Goi Py 1& parabol y = ax? thi dé thi ham sé y tinh tién hai in nhu sau : : Se 7 b! Lan 1 : Tinh tién theo phuong cita truc hoinh 3a] dan vi sang phil neu 2a b b > 0, sang trai néu a - 0. Ta duge Py63. Luin 2: Sau d6 tinh tién P, theo phuong eta true tung don vi lén ten \ | " new 3) > 0, suéng dud néw < 0. Ta duge P a Kei ludn - BO thi ham s6 y = ax? + bx +¢ (a 4 0) 14 mot parabol c6 dinh “b A) be & hkne uf Wes: ) nhan dung thing x = ~~ lam truc déi xing va hudng bé 2a da) 2a lon len trén néu a > 0, hung bé lom xudng dudi néu a < 0. a) y=—X" + 2x 43 © Tap xc dinh D =R A © Toa do dinh I yo= A * Bang bién thién : © Dé thi 1a parabol cé dinh I(1; 4) nhan duéng thang x = 1 lim truc déi xting, bé lom huGng xudng dudi (vi a= -1 <0) (h. 18) b) y= 2x7 + 3x +2 Hinh 18 © Tap xac dinh D=R le * Toa do dinh Ty yg = x7 + Bx +2 0 3 +0 4 +0 7 +0 . : a ee Hinh 19 8566. 86 c) HS tu lam. a)y=x? +axtb, I b) y =ax?7 +x +b, 1 c) y = ax? + bx — 2,11; 2),a 40 b one eee " a a= Tad: =| _A 1) y = (x —a)(x —b) = x? ~(a + b)x + ab eat ib a5 Vay I Zo _ =) Yo = 4a 2) Parabol y = ax? + bx +1 8 a=s a) Di quaA(1;3) >/( 3=atb+! = 3 Di qua B(-2;5) =] S=a-2b+1 b=-2 b) Di qua digm M(3; ~ 2) => -2 = 9a + 3b vaccé truc déi xting b X=-2>-2=-2—>b=4a 2a 9a + 3b = Ta c6 hé phuong trinh y =ax* + bx +, (a # 0) véi tap xac dinh D = [-2;2] _ 1(0; 4) va di qua diém A(-2;0) va B(2 ;0). Do dé ta cé hé phuong trinh67. 68. 69. 70. " V6i x =2 thi y = 2? +2- | b=0 a=—4 suy ra yb" —dac = -16a => 4b=0 4a 2b+e=0 [rae o ct da+2b+c=0 Vay ham s6 c6 d6 thi 1a cai céng parabol (h. 5) 1a y = ~4x7 +16 = 0 véi tap xdc dinh BD = [-2:2] 3x ay=— x b) y = Vx? + Ly c6 nghia véi moix ¢ RnénD=R Ay 66 nghia khi x+1403x%-1 nen D=R\{-1] co) y = V2x + Ly cé nghia khi 2x +120 x2 nén D = 2x4! dy . y.c6 nghia khi Vx #0, suy ra x > 0, nen D = 0; +) ce) y = ¥S—x.y c6 nghia v6i moi x, suy ra. =R Ha m sé y = f(x), véi tap xac dinh DB # f(x) laham chin néu x ¢ D thi -x e D va f(x) = f(-x) f(x) ham 1é néu x ¢ D thi -x © D va f(x) = -f(-x) a) Ham s6_y = x(Ix| - 4), co tap xde dinh D =Rnenx e Rthi-x ¢ Rva £(-x) = (-x)(|-xl = 4) = =x (Ix - 4) = -f00) nén ham di cho [a ham lé b) y = 2x? ~ [xl +8, c6 tap xc dinh D = R, nen x € R thi -x € R va f(x) = 2(-xy? = [+x] +8 = 2x? ~ [x] +8 = fOx) nén ham di cho 1a ham 1é. Dim): y = mx +1—m => Dim): y-mx #m-1=0 (y=) +m(-x) =0 (9) y-1=0" ly=1 Vay khi m thay déi D(m) luon quay quanh diém A(1; 1) Cho ham s6 y = f(x) e6 dé thi G. Diém M(xy ; yy) € G & yy = F(X) 1-x=0 =) Mud vé trdi cia (*) bang khong véi moi m thi { i‘ =| C6 parabol (P)!y = x? +x — a) V6i x = -1 thi y = (-1)° =-1 nén M(-1;~1) € (P); 5 #3 nén N(2;3) € (P). 8771. 72. 88 b) (d) di qua N(2;3) cé phuong trinh y = k(x - 2) +3, (d) c6 giao diém kép voi (P) khi va chi khi phuong tinh x7 +x —1=k(x- 2) 43 66 nghiém kép. > x? + (1 —k)x + 2k ~ 4 = 0 c6 nghiem kép eAz=00(1- = 4(2k - 4) = 0 <> k* - 10k +16 =0 © (k - 2k -8)=O0@k=2,k=8 Vay ta e6 hai dudng thing di qua N(2; 3): = 2x —2)+3,y = B(x - 2) 43. y = f(x) = x* + ax c6 tap xde dinh R. Wxy.xq € Reva xy > x), tac6: f(x2) — f(xy) = x9 + aXg — xf — aX, 3 3 ex} a} + a(x) =x) >0 Suy ra £(x2)~ (xj) >0 © F(x9)> (xy). Vay ham soy = F(x) déng bign voi a > 0 a) y=x?-3 vay= Hai giao diém Ia 143 A(-21), a} i- 23) Hinh 20 Hinh 21 b) y =x? -2x vay =2x-3 Hai giao diém 1a (1; — 1), M(3; 3) c) y= 2x7 - 3x +1 y =3x-2 HS tu lam,2x —Tnéux 20 (1) 3x" + 2x — Enéux <0 (2) 11h) I a uf io 1G js © true dbl xing x = 5 3 y=m 1 2 ‘Truc déi xting x = Hinh 22 * Fang bién thién on +0 x 2 +0 +n y=3x7-2x-1 ™a-lg_ 7” D6 thi 1a hinh 22 b) 3x* — m = lx + Leo 3x7 = Qlx] - 1 =m Vé trén cing mot mat phing toa do hai ham sé y = 3x7 ~ 2{x|—1 va y =m. (Budng y =m li dudng thiag song song véi truc hodnh). Tren dé thita thay ©) <1, phutong trinh vd nghiém ene phuong trinh ¢6 hai nghiém kép 1 sah cf bd , #15 =, phuong trinh c6 hai nghiém ©) (x) =x? — 7x +m. Dé thi cita ham s6 [A dudng cong parabol quay bé lon vé phia tren (vi a = 1 > 0), nén tung do dinh I cita parabol 1a gid tri 8974, 76. 77. 78. 90 - nho nhat ctia ham s6. Hoanh d6 cia dinh I 1a 3 Ta cé 3< 3* 4. Do do A min f(x) = -* = (yO) = aa Theo dé bai tacé : 9P@=% ~ 2 > m = 7 HS tu Lim. Néu xy € D thi f(xy), g(x) h(Xy) Id ede 86 xe dinh nen ta c6 : FOxq) = BCXq) FOXY) + HOG) = BEY) + h(xy)- Tir digu nay ta suy ra néu xy €D va xy 1 nghigm ciia phuong trinh f(x) = g(x) thi cling 1A nghiém céia phuong trinh f(x) + h(x) = g(x) + B(x) va ngugc lai nén chting twong duong véi nhau. Goi T, 18 tap nghiém ciia phuong trinh f(x) = g(x) va T> 1a tap nghiém ciia phuong trinh [f(x)}° = [goo]*. Ta phai chting minh Ty > 7, That vay [fooP = [eGo] © [foo - [goof = 0 F(x) = g(x) 9 [fO) - g@)][fO) + 209] = 06 [109 ~ ef) + a9] 0.2 {19-8 R6 rang T) > 7, Vay phuong tinh [fx]? =[20)]° 1 phuong trinh hé qué cia phuong trinh f(x) = g(x): (FO) = a0) = [FOO] = [goo]. Nhdn xét. © Khi bién déi phuong trinh din dén phuong trinh he qua, khi tim duge nghiém cia phuong trinh hé qua phai-thay vao phuong trinh di cho dé loai nghiém ngoai lai *Khi f(x), g(x) ciing dau Vx thod man DKXD thi fix) =e(x) [FoF =[g00}° x+l 3 a) BKXD: D=R\{-1] x 2 b) png xa 2x42 @ x= 2ED, vayxa2la nghiém cua phuong trinh. x2 2)a)D=R\{-1} » p=ri{}79. 80. 81. 82. x-5 @ -3x=-4,5 @ x=1L5 1) a) Hai phutong trinh [a twong duong vi cling chung tap nghigm T = {2 ; 3} b) Hai phuong trinh 1a trong duong vi cling chung tap nghiém T = {~2: 2} c) Hai phuong trinh c6 cing tip nghiém T = {1} nén ching twong dong d)x-a=2eox=a+2 : [x=2+a (x-ay =40 |x=-24a nén hai phuong trinh (x ~ a) va (x ~ a)” = 4 khong tong duong 2) Phuong trinh [x = 9) = |x| < (x - 9) = x? vi 6 phuong trinh thi nhat ve phai va vé trai luon duong vai Vx € R (cing dain) nén khi binh phwong hai vé ta duge phuong trinh méi tong duong vi phutong trinh di cho (xem bai tap 5). Khi giai phurong trinh |x ~ 9) = |x! ta c6 thé binh phuong hai vé dé "bo" dau gid tri tuyét déi o hai vé va duge phuong trinh méi twang duong vdi phutong tinh di cho. Ix = 9] = Ixl eo (x -9 2 (x -9P 7 =0 (x = 9 =x) -9 4x) = 00% = 4,5 a) DKXD : D = {0} thay x = 0 vao hai vé cita phuong trinh cho ta ding thtic dting, vay x = 0 1a nghiém cita phutong trinh , Chi § » Ta cling c6 thé giai bang cach binh phuong hai vé b) Mun phuong trinh ¢6 nghia thi x -3205x23] 2 6 (a) -o iene: nen D {3 x20aK<51 thay x = 5 vao hai vé ca phuong trinh ta e6 vé tdi # ve phai nén phuong trinh vo nghiém. : ©) D=[1ita)ix~vK-7 ToVx-Teexst-vx-ttvK-1 x=1eD. Vay x = 1 1a nghiém cia phurong trinh HS tw lim a) (13x ~ 15) ~ (9 + 6x) = ~3x 69 13x ~ 19-9 ~ 6x = -3x © 13x ~ 6x + 3x =15 49 ° 10x = 24 ° x=2,4 9183. 84, 85. 86. 92 a) a= ~1, phuong trinh ¢6 dang : =< = 1 (3), DKXD: D= R\-1] (3) x+1=-l x =~-2€ D, nén nghiém cla phuong trinh la x = 2a+l © b) Sp =a +2, DEXD: D= RAI-1] +1 > Qatl= (a+ 2x +1) (a+ 2x =2a¢l—a+2 © (at2)x=a-1 . # Neu a +2 #0 ea 4 ~2, phuomg tinh c6 mot nghiém duy nhat x = “— ¢ Néu a+2=0 a= ~2, phuong tinh dua vé dang Ox = -3, phuong trinh vo nghiém. : ay Yet . GY = 5 <3 1By + 21+ 32 ~20y = 60 © -2y=Tey=-35 b) & 25x — 5 = 6x -9 15 e9 19x = -19. > x = =I c) DS: x =5 xt+l=O00x= a) (x + DX 5-000) Vay phuong trinh c6 hai nghiém x = -I.x =5 b) DS: x=Lxs54x=-3 o) D x=3,x=-2,x=2 a) D= Rym(x +I) = x-n @ (m= Dx = -m=n *Néu m-1#0 m #1, phuong trinh c6 nghiém duy nhat x = a * Néu m-1=0¢> m= 1, phuong trinh c6 dang Ox = -n * néu n = 0, phuong trinh cé dang Ox = 0, phuong trinh vo sé nghiém * néu n # 0, phuong trinh vo nghiém. b) D = R,m(2x +1) = nx +1 (2m-n)x =1-m © Néu 2m—n#0,2m#n, phuong trinh cé nghiém duy nhat 1a x = m—n * Néu 2m—n=0 ¢> 2m=n va m+ thi phuong trinh co dang Ox = 1-m, vé phai bang 0, vé tréi khac 0, vay phuong trinh vo nghiém. Néu 2m =n va m = | thi phwong trinh cé-dang Ox = 0, vay*phuong trinh vo- s6 nghiém. + “ c) DKXD: D=R fermlepomag o[eemarrms2 xem=-xtm-2 (2) 7 Gidi (1) : (1) © Ox = -2m +2 ; Voi m= ,-phuong trinh (1) vo s6 nghiém VGi m # 1, phuong trinh (t) vo nghiém87 88 89 90 Giai (2): 2 Ket luan : V Vaim sl, Voi a 7 0 phuong tinh c6 nghiem x yen ala ‘a biet 13 1: (Je +1) lt ) <> 2x 2 k= 124 06> k #12 hé phuong trinh co nghi¢m duy . [x=0 mat + ly=1 # Neu D = 0-9 k= 12 tacé Dx = 0. Dy = 0. Vay hé phurong trinh c6 vo so nghiém. [sity ed , |x «alyl= 6 . a. [xeyed {x-3>0 . Voi x 20, y 20 tacd he = e4 thoa man dicu kien Ixa3y=6° ly=1> x " * xic dinh nen | 1 mot nghiém eta phutong trinh ly wo ety ed eVGi NX > Oy <0, ta co he ca x-3y =6 9598, 96 tho’ min DKXD nén ciing 14 mot nghiem. oy 4 5 © Véi x 42%z-y)-y+3z2=9 ID [3x + 4y +22 = 11 -Mz-y)+4y 422-11 x+y-z=0 (I) © 4-3By+52=9 (2) (ID Ty-z=11 (3) (nhan phuong trinh (2) v6i 7 va nhan phuong trinh (3) véi 3 rdi cong vé véi vé cita hai phutong trinh trén, ta 66 hé (IV) <> (IID) x+y-z=0 x (IV) }-3y +52=9 <> 4y=2 322 = 96 z=3 1) Goi x, y theo tht tu 1a thoi gian 6 t6 di véi van téc 40 km/gid, 60 km/gids ; x, y duong, x, y tinh bang gid. O to di quing dudng mat 8 gid nen c6 phuong trinh x+y = Quang dudng 6 160 di véi van g dudng 0 16 di véi van MA quing dudng 6 t6 da di 1a 360 km nén ta cé phutong trinh :40x + 60y = 360 Do dé ta c6 hé phuong trinh sau (xty=8 |4x + 6y = 36 Taco Vay 6 10 da di trong 6 gid véi van t6c 40 km/gié va 2 gid véi van téc 60 km/gid. 2) Goi x, y theo thit ty 1a tudi cita ngudi anh, ngudi em hién nay, x,y 1a nguyén duong Cach day 2 nam tudi cia ngudi anh gap 2 lin tudi cla ngudsi em, nén ta c6 phuong trinh x-2=2y-2) Sau 2 nam nifa tuéi cia ngudi anh hon tudi cia ngudi em 1a 8 tudi, nén ta 6 phuong trinh : x=18 ° y=10 x+2=y+248 99. 1) Chicé phuong trinh 3x? + 4x = -1 <> 3x? + 4x +1 = 0 18 phuong tinh bac hai mot dn. Do dé ta c6 hé phuong trinh sau: { 7 E-¥ Hien nay ngudi anh 18 tuéi, ngudi em 10 tuéi. 2) ax? + bx te = O(N) (ae 0) er x2 eae a a < (4), Dat A = b? - dac © Néu A <0 khong khai phuong hai vé cia (*) dutgc, nén phutong trinh (1) vo nghiém *Néu A -0-(x + *) =0, phuong trinh (1) c6 nghiém kép x; = 2 va 2a’ . b # Neu A> 0 khai phuong duge hai vé ta c6 x + >> = 97Vay phuong trinh (1) c6 hai nghi¢m Pxps-sr tse 2a 100. a) 8x? - 7x - 2,25 = 0 c6 a =8,b = -7,c = -2,25 A = 49 - 4.8(-2,25) = 121 > VA =11 8+ 3 16” 16 Pe tell i) 16 16 ©) DS: x) =3,x2 = 1 d) DS: x, = V3,x2 =-—— 1 2 V3 101. 2x? + mx +m? -5=0 a) Cé nghiém x=1 > 2+m+m?-5=0 @ m?+m-3=0 1413 =m b) Cé nghiem x = -1 => 2-m+m 1+ VB > ¢) Chi cé mot nghiém thi om 2 5S 2 m = 4d =m? ~4.2.(m? -5) = -7m? +40=0. m 102, a) 3m?x? - mx - 4=0 © Néu m =0 thi phuong trinh vo nghiem © Néu m #0 thi A= m? + 48m? = 49m, JX = 7Iml 98103. x= x2 = 6m? b) (m+n)x? -2mx+m-—n=0, A'=m?-(m+n)(m—n)=n?, Var = Inl m +lnl m —In| ee min’? men c) DKXD: y #3 y I m+3 (2S mn ay * my 3 ¥—3 ~~ BHM w} MSC : m(m — n)(y — 3) © yy —3)+(m—n)y + m(m—n) = m(m + 3) : y? +(m-n—3)y-m(n+3)=0, A=(m-n-3)' +4m(n+3) A =m? +n? =9~-2mn—6m + 6n + 4mn + 12m =m? +n? 49+ 2mn46m+6n =(m +n +3)? VA =|m+n4+3]=m+n+3 (dom+n>0 yy = me =Dement3 ayy -(m -n- 3)? -(m+n+3) oe Mudn hai nghiém nay thod man diéu kién x4c dinh thin + 3# 3=> n#0, -m#3,m#-3. © Néu n #0 va m # 3, phuong trinh di cho cé 2 nghiém yy=n+3, yp) =-m © Néu n = 0,m # -3, phuong trinh cé mot nghiém y = -m «Neu n # 0,m = -3, phuong trinh cé mot nghigm y =n +3 *Néun=0 vam ~3, phuong trinh da cho vd nghiém 1) Mun phuong trinh da cho v6 s6 nghiém thi : a? -3a+2=0 a? -Sa+4=0>a=1. a-a?=0 2) a) DKXD: x ¥-I,m#1 (a) & x +1) =Am-1) x2 +x-Am-)=0 A= 2 +8(m-1) =8m-7 99104. 100 3 7 #Néu A <0 =9 8m —7 <0=3 m< g, phuong trinh vo nghiem m 7 + Neu A= 0 => m= 2, phuong trinh e6 nghiem kep x, = “4 . 7 #Néu A > 0-=> m > > va m #1, phuong trinh C6 hai nghiém phan biét oe ela _-1-va oe 2 c) Phuong trinh 2mx? - 2(J2m - 1)x +m =0 * Néu m = 0, phuong trinh c6 dang Ox? + 2x =0, phuong trinh c6 nghiém x = 0. 2 © Néu m #0, A'=(V2m-—1) 2m? = -2V2m +1 *Néu A' <0 = -2V2m+1<0em>—b, phuong trinh vo nghiém 2 22 ; I * Néu A‘ = 0 = m= —e, phuong trinh c6 mot nghiém ké 54a Phone rn P v2m -1 X12 = Om I *Néu A‘ > 0 => m <—r, phuong trinh c6 hai nghiém phan biet 55° Phone ghiém pl 2m - 14 Va" 510 Tom lai : # Néu m =0, phuong th da cho cé nghiém x = 0. ; 1 : v2m -1 © Néu m =—-, phuong trinh cé nghiém kép x, = x) =~" — aya Phone 2 P xy = x2 = 1 © Néu m > —-, phuong trinh vo nghi¢m. 22 ® . “ I @ Néu 0 # m < —= thi phur trinh cé hai nghiém phan biéts 2a Phuong ig! Pp _ ¥2m ~ 1+ y-2V2m +1 1a 2m 2 ' ~2=0,néux 20 1 a) x?-bkl-2=00|** — 2 x? 4x -2=0,néux <0 Q) 2 = aus ft “x7 2=0 a x? -x-2=0 x, =-I (loai), x = 2 chap nhan105. 106. Vay (1) c6 nghiém x = 2 4x2 Giai 2) 1* tX~2 =O ye x<0 Vay phuong trinh da cho ¢6 hai nghiém x = 2, x b) x? +Slxl4 4=0, phuong trinh nay vo nghiém vi vé tréi Iuén Iuon duong véi moi x. 2x? — (5x ~ 2) = 0, néu x 2 ~|5x -21=00 a a) 2s 2x? + (5x - 2) = O,néux < (2) WIND wl Giai (1) : Vay’ phuong trinh da cho cé ba nghiém: x) = 5.x) = 2.x, = — 7 2 x 41s0,néux2! 1 batnotnom aoe 2 x? 4x -1=0,néux <1 (2) Ciing lim tuong ty nhu cau a), phuong trinh di cho cé hai nghiém a) x? -2x ¢m=l ox? -2e-1 # Vé dé thi ham sO y = x — 2x ~1 (1) Toa do dinh I(1; ~ 2) : Truc d6i xing x = 1 = Lay them mot sé diém o>y= x=2>y=4-4 D6 thi 8 hinh 23 © Dé thi ham so y dvdng thing song song véi truc hoanh Tir a6 ta c6 két Iwan sau : Hinh 23 101107. 108. 102 « Néu -m <-2¢ m>2 dudng thing y =-m khong cat parabo. (P) y = x? - 2x —1 nén phuong trinh vo nghiém. ° Néu -m=-2=>m=2 dung thing tiép xtic voi P phuong trinh cé nghiém kép Xp =x) = 1. «© N&y -m>-2@m<2 duéng thing cat (P) tai hai diém phan biét nén_phuong trinh cé hai nghiém phan biét. b) Phuong trinh x? - 2x] +1 =m (*) © Vé 46 thi ham s6 Hinh 2 2 ~2x +1, néux 20 y=x?—2ele r= f% 72x thntax® x? 42x 4+ 1néux <0 © Dudng y = m Ia dudng thang song song véi truc hoanh Vay : * Néu m <0, phuong trinh (*) vo nghiém. * Néu_m = 0, phuong trinh (*) c6 hai nghiém kép x, = x2 =—I ; x3 =%4=1 * Néu 0 1, phuong trinh (*) cé hai nghi¢m phan biét (hai nghi¢m 46i nhau). 1., 2. HS ty lam. 3. a) x? + 5x -3 =0 c6 nghim vi c = -3 <0. Tacd ; db 5 Xp +X aoc xyxy == -3 2 : xp +XQ =-1 b) x2 +x-4 = 0 cénghiém. Tacé : Xx) = 4 2 c) x? -V5x +1=0, c6 A=(-V5)° -4.1.1=5-4=1>0, nén ptuong trinh c6 nghiém. Ta cé: *! **2 = 5 Xyxq = 1 1) Khong khing dinh duge vi543% as =-I62) Néu -4 va -2 1a nghiém cita phsomg trinh bac 2 thi phuong trinh 46 Bh x? + 6x + 8 = 0 (vi -4 + -2 = 6 ; (-4).(-2) = 8). Cho nen néu p = 6 thi khing dinh duge ~4 va -2 Ia nghi¢m ciia phuong trinh bac hai x7+ px + 8 = 0. 109. 3x7 + 5x — li Viét ta cé : =0 c6 c = -1 nén phucng trinh cé hai nghiém va theo dinh Sy =x} +x3 = (xy +x)? — 2xyxQ = S3 * x + 3 7 (4 os x9)(x? +x} = xx) eee ee ~—3K9 53) 3" 9 27 Sq = xf 4 xf = (xy + x2)" - 4xyxy — Ox7x3 - 4x)x3 4 2 = (my + x2)? ~ 4xyxg (x + x9) - (x12) Boo to eee Py 3) 81°27 «9 81 410. a) x? - 17x + 66 = 0 A = (-17)? - 4.1.66 = 25 > 0, nén téng va tich cia hai nghiém x), xq 1a: : xy +x) =17 X)xq = 66 Do x)x7 =66>0 nen x,x2 cing du va x) +x2 =17>0 nén x),x2 duong. Tom lai hai nghi¢m cia phuong trinh a) I hai nghi¢m duong. Xptx,=—-4 b) x2 44x43=0,A>0=9 1° Xyxy =3 Hai nghiém cia phuong trinh b) 1a hai nghi¢m am. ) Phuong trinh cé hai nghi¢m duong. 4) Phuong trinh cé hai nghiém tréi déu va nghiém am c6 gid tri tuyét d6i I6n hon. 111. a) N€u phuong trinh cé nghiém thi theo hé thiic Viét ta cé : 3a 2 Xp + Xy =-2>0ma0 az112, 113, 114. 104 Vay hai nghiém cita phuong trinh nay (néu c6) 1a hai nghiém duong. b) 2x? — mx - m? = 0 (m > 0) Theo he thie Viet (V) tac6: x1 #xp = Z>0 XX a <0 Vay phuong trinh nay c6 hai nghiém tréi dau va gid tri tuyet doi ca nghiém duong Ién hon gid tri tuyét déi ciia nghi¢m am 1. S =x, +x9 =3+(-2)=1 P = xyxp = 3.(-2) = -6. Vay x), x2 1a nghiém cita phuong trinh bac hai x? — 2. x? -10x +16 = 0; 3. x? + ax - 12a =0 4. x? —4m + 4m? ~n? =0 a) A’ =(m +1)? ~(m+2)m=1>0 Muén phuong trinh cé hai nghiém phan biét thi m +240 <> m # -2 b) Phuong trinh bac hai ax? + bx + ¢ = 0 c6 hai nghiém trai dau khi © cok ata m+2 Vay véi -2 Umesh _y (m +2) 46m? + 12m 48 4 © -3Im=4am= a) a) x? -(k + 2x +k =0 A= (k +2)? 4k =k? 44> 0k Vay phuong trinh ludn ¢6 hai nghiém phan biet b) kx? +2x-2=0 « Néu k = 0, phuong trinh c6.dang 2x-2=0x=1 *Néu k #0,A'= 1° +2k *Néu 142k >0k> 4, K #0 phuong trinh cé hai nghiém phin bist1 , * Néu 1+ 2k = 0 <> k= —> phuong trinh c6 mot nghiem kép 1 ; * Néu k < 5, phurong trinh vo nghiém 115. Tacé AY = (n+)? ~(m—Dp =n? + 2n+1—mp4+p A =(n+ Dom -1) = p?=mn-m+n4l A's =(m=1)? = pin +1) =m? 2m +1 pn-p Ay +A + A's = 2m? +n? +4—2mn-4m + 4n) + +4 (n? +p? 41-2n = 2np - 2p) + 30? + m? +1 ~ 2pm — 2p - 2m) = Slim=n -2)2 + (n-p+IP +(p-m+?]>0 Vay trong dé phai c6 mot A’ > 0, nén mot trong ba phuong trinh da cho c6 it nhat mot phuong trinh e6 nghiém. Chi 5 Dé giii bai todn loai nay c6 khi ta chimg minh ‘+ A‘, >0 hay A+ A), > 0 hoac A+ AY > 0. +bx+c=0 va cx? + bx +a =0 c6 nghi¢m +l. Ta ching minh hai phan 416. 1) Ching minh rang : a chung duy nhat <= |b| @ Neu ax? + bx +e =0 (1) va cx? + bx +a=0 (2) c6 nghiém chung = Ib| = ia + el Gia sit xg 1A nghiém chung ctia hai phuong trinh, vay ta cé 2 2 2 axp + bxy +¢ = exh + bxy +a 9 (a-c)xj =a-—c £ | (wc #0 vi néu a~c=0=a=c thi hai phuong trinh trén cé qué | nghiém chung) © xy = 41. *Néu x = 1, tacd at+b+ce=0> b= -(atc) * Néu xp =-1, tacé a~b+c=0>b=ate Do dé b] = Ja + cl © Néu bl = [a + cl thi phuong trinh ax? + bx +c = 0 va cx? + bx +a =0 c6 nghiém chung duy nhat ‘ That vay néu b = -(a +c) thi phuong trinh (1) va (2) e6 dang 2 nck a8 ax? — (a+ e)x +e = 0 e6 nghiém x, = 1x’) = = 1054117. : a cx? -(a +c)x +a = 0 cé nghiém x, = 1, x2 =é Vay hai phuong trinh (1) va (2) c6 mot nghiém chung duy nhat x = | (x) ex, vi £24) ac V6i b = (a +c) ching minh tuong tu. 2) Goi xp 1A nghiém chung cita phuong trinh (1) va (2), tac6 : 3x} + (5k + Dxy +1 =0 i => T0-k 3x) + (2k - 3)xy +12 = 0 : Thay vao (2) ta cé 2 i i (ats) +k 3i5— ee 18 gtd a0 -18k? +173k +191 = 0 kya hk, = *V6i_k =1=> xy = 4 191 11.18 _ 198 * Voi k= -75 > %0 = 47 371 a) |x-1]=3 Cach |: © V6i x21, tacé |x-1]=39x-1=3c9x=421. Vay phuong trinh c6 nghiem x = 4 # Véi x <1, tacé (x -1 Vay phuong trinh c6 nghiém thit hai x = -2. Do 46 phuong trinh cé hai nghi¢m x = 4,x = -2 Céch 2: x-t=3 (K-12 =9e>x-1 hai nghiém nhu da néu 6 tren. b) Phuong trinh v6 nghiém vs vé tr4i ludn ludn dyong, vé phai 1a so am. ¢) [2x - 1] =x +3) <> 4x? - 4x +1 = x? + 6x +9 +3. Vay phuong trinh cé 62 3k? ~10x -8 = 0 9 x = 4,x2 = 3 4) Gidi theo cdch 1 —K-44x-4=8 néux<-4 a fx +4[-k-4]=8 co jx+44x-4=8 ndu-4sx<4 (2) x+4-(x-4)=8 néux24 (3) Phuong trinh (1) vo nghiém 2x = 8 <> x =4 (khong chap nhan) Giai trinh 2 : (2) © Giai phuong trin! me ferey118. 119. Céch 1: Dat V2x -7 =y > y? =2x-T(y 20) > x = _ : [x44-x4+4=8 © Giai phuomg tinh 3: (3) ) o4 x2 Vay phuong trinh di cho c6 vo sé nghiem véi x > 4 2 _ x -2=0, neux 20()) ox24 x a) x? -|x|-2=0 xP 4x-2=0, néux <0(2) © Nghiém ciia phuong trinh (1) 1a x = 2 (x = -1 (loai)) ¢ Nghiém cita phuong trinh (2) la x = -2 (x = I (loai)) Vay phuong trinh di cho cé hai nghigm x = +2. b) DS : Phuong trinh vo nghiém (vé phai luon duong Vx) | 2x? 5x +2=0, nbux 22 O) c) 2x? -|5x -2)=0 . 2x? + 5x-2=0, néux <5 Q) © Phuong trinh (1) c6 2 nghiém : x = 2,x = © Phuong trinh (2) c6 2 nghigm : x = Seah a= 4 54 Val. | = Vay tap nghiém phuong trinh di cho la { 2 a 2 = @ fp? -=x +3 ox? -1= 40 +3) =x+3Qx2-x-4=00Kx= ex? -1=-x-3 cx? +x +2 =0, phuong trinh vo nghiém 2 Vay phuong trinh da cho cé tap nghiém Ia { a) 21+ V2x -7 =x, DKXD: x23 y?+7 2 2 (4) 6 1 -2¥-35=0 G20) y=Ty=-5 — (loai) Vay tacé: V2x=7 = 7 2x-7= 49 > x = 28 Tap nghiém cia phuong trinh da cho 1a {28}. Ta cé6 phuong trinh 21+ y = (vai y 20) (*) 107120. 108 Cach 2: a) @ V2x-7 =x -21,x 221 © 2x -T= x? ~ 42x +441 & x? — 44x + 448 = 0 © x = 28(x = 16 < 21 bi loai) b) 3x - Vik +1 +1=0, DKXD: x24 Dat VI8x +1 = y(y > 0), tacé: 18x +1 =y? =x = Vay ta 6 phutong trinh y7-l 6 ~y+1=0,(y 20) oy? -6y+5=00y=1 © VI8x +1 = 1 18x -Oeox=0>-4 (chap nhan) © VI8x +1 a hes Ih, » Bie nots ~t (chap nhan) 3 18 Tap nghiém ciia phutong trinh da cho Ia {o ; 3} (Céch 2, HS tu lim) c) Vk Ve +3 = 1 Ve 14 ie o3 ox alt Weed tx43 eo vk43 Tap nghiém cia phuong trinh d) VIS—x + ¥3—x = 6, DKXD: x <3 @ IS-x+3-x + 2y(I5 —x)(3- x) = 36 <> YIS-x)3-x)=9+x (*) V6i 9 +x 20 69 x 2-9 th (*) o> x? ~ 18K + 45 = 81+ 18x + x? <2 18x = 18 <> x = -1 <3 (chap nhan) Vay tap nghiém cia phuong trinh la {-1}. DKXD: Vx Ta c6 xf > yfxl, Vx nen ta xét phuong trinh J/fx[+1 — fx] = a) trong cdc trudng hgp sau © Néu a < Othi phuong trinh vo nghi¢m # Néu a> 0, thi (*) <> {ff +1 = a+ Jf] pat Jil = yy 20) = |=) => heft =Wyel Ta cé phuong trinh : lees (do hai vé déu duong) * Véi 0 I.y <0 nén phuong trinh di cho vo nghiém V6i Tém lai © Voi a (0; 1] thi tap nghiém cia phuong trinh 1a fE-J=aG-4] # Véi ae (- :1) U1; + ©) tap nghiém ctia phuong trinh 1a 2. =243xv4—x »DKXD: -2 -l 4-x20° |x<4 Dat Vx +1+V4—x =t(120) = 5424+ D4-x) =? = VK +D4-% = 7 (+) Thay vao (1) ta c6 phuong trinh : t? + 2-15 =0 <> (‘ Thay t = 3 vao(*) taduge V(x + I4—x) = Vet DG =x) =2 3K +N4-x) = 40 2 efi Thit lai ta thy x, = 0, xy = 3 déu thod man (*) va thod min DKXD. Vay e@-lsxs4 tap nghiém cia phuong trinh la {0 ; 3} - fy-x=l 123.2) 4" : 2x? — xy +3y? —7x—12y+1=0 y=x+l oa agepsanctt-te-lansbet=0 y=x+l ( a 110Gidi (2) ta duge x, = 4.x) = + suy ray; = S.y9 = i: Vay hé phuong trinh c6 hai nghiém (4; 9.(-}: 5} b) DS: (-3:2} ©) DS: (0; 1) va(1 ; 0); d) DS: (2; 3) va(3 2) x =2y-3 x =2y-3 124, a) He da cho : 5 Qy-3P -y+y?=15 |sy? -1Ry-6 =0 {x =9 ° . ly =6 b) DS: 0; nf§s 2) ©) DS: (-1; », (2: -%). 3° 7 428.2) { * — 4P = 25-24 > 0, nén x,y la nghiém cita phuong trinh bac 2 xy = [aaa =3,X) =2 =3 {[x=2 Vay hé phuong trinh c6 hai nghiém 43.) (hay viét hé phuong trinh c6 hai nghigm la; a (233) 3 2 = of o @+y[o +y) axy] xty=l xty=l M1 3xy) =7 = 2 2 x+y=l x+y Vay hé phutong trinh da cho cé hai nghiém (-1; 2),(2;- 1) ©) Ta biet (x + ys* = x4 4 4x*y + 6x7y? + dy? + y4 axtgyte ary[ 20x +yy- xy] = 17 + 2xy(i8 - xy) 4 yan Go oa ty =lT x+y=3 ixty=3 =16 { (v6 nghiém) xty=3 x=1 x=2 e e : y=2° |y=lChi § : Ta c6 thé gidi phuong trinh c) nhur sau Dat xy =P 3, diéu kign S* — 4P > 0 (*) x+y Tacd (x +y)* = x4 + 4x7y + 6x2y? + dxy? + y4 34 a174 2ny(2x? + 3xy + 2xy) = xy 81 = 17+ 2P(18 — P) eo 2P7 -36P + 81-17 =0 © PP -18P+32=0 & P,=16,P, =2 P, = 16 khong thod man (*) nén bi loai, Py = 2 thoa man (*) nén chap nhan Vay phuong trinh da cho tong duong véi phuong trinh x+ =l =2 Y=3 QC frat fx xy =2 y=2° |ly=l xty+xy=-ll 3 : : M) 5 4 pa 1** >> v6i diéu kien S? — 4P > 0 x? ty? xy =13 xy =P 81=17+ 220% +y) Ta c6 hé phuong trinh S+P=-I1 S=1 S+P=-I1 [S+P=-l1 S=1 P=-12 . oe 2 ° s?-p=13 |s?+s-2=0 S+P=-Il S=-2 S=-2 P- Vay hé da cho tuong duong véi hai hé phuong trinh sau : xty=l fxty=-2 xy = -9 Do dé hé phutong trinh da cho cé 4 nghiém x2 =-3) [xy =-1+ 10 - vio yo=4" pre. ( 14 Vio ; ' ( ty gO Gy Rory+ a =0 pe ae (x -y)l+x ty) =0 firyeae 2) laxty =0 1123 1) le) Gai 2) t66 ha gem ($s 25). - } 176 13,9) (4 2),( 16 IS: HE c6 4 nghiem: [32], |-=i-2), (23), [-S:- DS : Hé cd 4 nghiém (3 °) ( } 5 : 4x? + 2xy +6x - 27 =0 wo »| y @ x? ~ Sxy + 6y" =0 Q) Tir phutong trinh (2) cita hé coi x 12 a y Latham so Ta c6 phuong trinh bac hai doi v6i x, e6 A = (Sy)? ~ 24y* = y? vay wes x = 2th Vai y 20 hoae y <0 tadéucé x = 3y,x = 2y {eo za9 +6x-27=0 qy Me i ax? + Day 6 6x=27=0 Gy) x =2y AGy)? + 2.3yy + 18y -27=0 Gidi hé (II) = x= By ~9 + 915 9 3 foremynee e xq eens ° : =3y 94005 5 i =a bea Giai he (IIT) : al + 22yy + 12y -27=0 x =2y eo ee 2 7 5 . 3 2 $ . 10 2Vay he di cho c6 4 nghiém : -9 + 9vi5 14 2_ 2 2) ae bS:(1;2, 231) (x + yx" + y") = 15 x? = 3x +2y » : DS : (0; 0), (555), (-15 2), (25-1) y? =3y + 2x x? — 2xy +3y? =9 ) = 2ay 43 x = Sy 2x? - 13xy + ISy? =0 x? —2xy +3y? =9 x =2y He da cho c6 4 nghiém (2-2) (32 A) 8.8, 0- 43) 2 2 128. Dat u = Vx, v = Jy,u 20, v 2 0. He di cho tra thanh utve=l utvel 3,3 = 2 witv =1-3m (u + v)] (u + vy" — 3uv utvel utvel ° ° 1-3uv =1-3m uv=m Vay u, v 1a nghiém cia phuong trinh bac hai: X? - X +m =0 (*), \6i diéu kién 1- 4m 20 Mu6n phuong trinh da cho cé nghiém thi phuong trinh (*) phai cd hai nghiém X khong am. A220 2 5820 2 P20 aI- x+y +3xy =16 429, a) Khi m = 2, taco hé phwong trinh : 7 x+y? =8 Hé cé nghiém duy nhat (2 ; 2). 114ty-S : Wn ee city kien S? - 4P 20 (**) [xy = P Khi do hé (1) tro thanh +3P=4+6m +2S-56=0 [So 3P = 446m |s? — 2P = 16 - 4m g LE +3P =4+6m (ID) of [S)=4 26 Py = 21 a |p, = 2m 4% Dé hé Ico nghiém (x ; y) dé hé (III) c6 nghiém (S; P) thoa man diéu kién 16 -8m 20 ms2 C™) <2] 196 26 ° 23ems2 ao ( ‘ S)ee mse Vay véi m < 2 thi hé I 6 nghiém 130. a) (a— Dx +2 oNéu a , phuong trinh cé dang Ox + 2 = 2. Vay phuong trinh cé vo #Néu a-1¥0 2 a 1, phuong trinh cé nghiém duy nhat x byax? + 2x +1=0 © Néu a = 0, phuong trinh c6 dang 2x +1 = 0 ¢> x = Nou a 70, tacé AY *Néu A’ > O=> 1—a > 0 > a <1 phuong trinh c6 hai nghiém phan biét *Néu \'>0 = 1~a=0 a= 1 phyong trinh cé nghiém kép | teks * Neu Ai <0 9 1~a <0 9 a> 1, phutong trinh vo nghi¢m 131. a) Voi a = —-2, phutong trinh (1) c6 dang : = 069 x, =-3 + VI2.x = WB b) 7 = Aa- Dx + 204150), Asta IP -Qath= x” 4 6x = 11524 © Phuong trinh (1) c6 mot nghiém thi A'=0 = a* © Hai nghiém trai dau thi 2a + |< O,a< ; © Hai nghiém cing dau thi da>0aa 4 1 ead et ° 2a+1>0 Jatl>Ocra>-z . . a>4 a> Hai nghiém cing duong © ard a-1>0 a>l a) x2 + Sx = p-6 (*) cox +5x+6=p Vé trén cing hé toa do dé thi ciia hai ham so * y=x? 45x46 (dudng cong parabol). yen * y =p (dudng thing song song véi truc hoanh). 2 Toa d6 giao diém cita hai dé thi biéu dién hai ham s6 trén la nghiém cita phuong trinh a (*) (h.25). Ta c6 + ‘ ¢ Néu p<-l, phuong trinh (*) vo nghiém Hinh 28 © Néu p=-l, phuong trinh y (*) c6 nghiem kép. © Néu p > -1 phuong trinh (*) lon cé hai nghiém phan biét b) -x? +4x-3-k=0 (*) oe? +4x-3=k - Lam tuong tu nhw cau a) ta cé hinh 26. Vay : © Néu k > 1, phuong trinh vo nghiem. © Néu k = nghiém kép . phutong trinh cé © Néu k <1, phuong trinh c6 hai nghiém phan biet Hinh 26- 2x 4a = 0 c6 nghiém eoA'st-a20 asl (4) ex, =t-vi-a xy =ltv Txp 4x, = 7+ 71a 4441 elivina=44 @ Vina=4 @l-a a= -15 thi 7x, ~ 4x, = 47 © V6i x) =1+VI—a =1-Vi=a, Tx - 4x, = 7- Wi -a-4-4V1—a = 47 2 -IIVi-a = 44 @ Vi- la s6 dutong, vé phai 1a sé am) 47 =16 <> a=-15 thoa (*) nén voi Xa a —4 (phuong trinh nay v6 nghiém vi vé trai 134, a) A = 9k? ~ 4k? = Sk? > 0 Vk nén phuong trinh ludn cé nghiém va theo he thtic (V) ta c6 : ( 4X) = 3k X|X2 Xf #x3 = 175 = (x) + x2)? = 2x) 1,75 > k? 1,75 Vay (3k)? - 2 V6i k = 40,5 thi =1,75:7=0,25 @ k = 10,5 4x3 = 1,75. b) Goi xy 14 nghiém chung cita hai phuong trinh, ta c6 = fs + kxy 41 =0() 2 (k=Dxy=k-1 0 xp + Xp +k =0(2) o Voi k 1. phutong trinh (*) c6 dang Oxy = -7, vo nghiém (loai) k-1 © V6i K e189 Xy 1 Thay xy = 1 vao (Iytacé: 1+ k + 1= 0c k = -2 Vay véi k = -2 hai phwong trinh da cho cé nghiém chung x = 1 aa-l 135.0) D-/" " Ja-at+leatl 5 lea Dy = a ' by |136. 118 oNéu D4 0 > atl 40 >a I hécé mot nghiém duy nhat Dx _ -a? +3a+2 es eee meee lied D aq = Dy _a-a-l Deal # Neu D=0 =a+1=0 a= -1,Dx #0, Dy #0. Vay he vo nghi¢m © Néu D 40 => m # 3, m # ~2, hé phuong trinh cé nghiém duy nhit ee Dee mage 10 ~ D (m= 3)(m +2) Dy m-2 ve ‘D (m—3\(m +2) © Néu D = 0 => m =3,m =-2 * V6i m = 3,Dx va Dy déu khac 0, nén hé v6 nghiém * Véi m = 2, Dy #0 nén hé cing v6 nghiém. > x? —x+1=0,néux 21 () Ho] © Phuong trinh (1) vo nghiém x? 4x-1=0,néux 0, ma at anase-{x -44 <0Vx Vay phuong trinh vo nghiém, nen T = @ c) 3(24 Vk -=2) = 2x + x +6 a) ~220 22 DKXD: I 220 | f x22 Ix+620 °° |x=-6 (ly 26: 2x = Vx +6 + 3vx-2 2 3 xa(vs F6 + vx =2) x +6- 9x -2)0 23 xf (Va 6 +3vx-2)-4]=0 3-x=0 a ° ee (2) DD) cd x +64 %x —2) + 6K + OK —2) = 16 co Wel bax 12 = 14-5 pe ex 12) (oe @ ° a) 14- 5x20 £3 avs Phuong trinh (3) c6 2 nghiém x, = EAE > 4 (loai) u-3v5 = ws (chap nhan) Ui -3¥' 2 Vay tap nghiém cita pong trinh (1) la T = : 4) Jax +1 - V3x — 8 2) DKXD: x > 2 (2) €2 (x + 3)(V4x 41 + V3x = 2) = 5[4x +1 - Gx - 2)] x3 «9 (x +3)(Vax 41 + Vix —2 -5)=0 x+3=0 aw 2 Vax +1 + 3x2 2) *Gidi (1) : x +3 = 0 © x = -3 (bi loai) *Gidi (2): Vax +1 + V3x —2 = 5 tacé nghiém x = 2 x= 21 nghiém duy nhdt cita phuong trinh nay vi vé trdi A mot ham déng bién (véi x > . a 3 Vay T = {2} Chi ¥ : Doi khi tit vige tim DKXD cia phuong trinh vo ti ciing véi mot so ta tim duoc ngay nghiém ciia phuong trinh di cho, hoac lim cho vec gidli phuong trink dé ding hon. xty=2 ~~ |xty=2 xty=2 war a fh? | of ey 26 fore y(x? + y? ~ xy) = 26fxey=2 3 >} ° [xy = -3 y=3'ly=-1 Vay he phuong trinh c6 hai nghiém (~1 ; 3), (3-1) - xe a2 vy y*=2y +x 2 2 ee 3(x + y) (+ y)(x? = xy +9? - fez ° © : x-y? (x = yy(x? + xy + y? = x~y=0 nyty2 3 x+y=0 vpn Caayey? ex=y Ox=y=s4V¥3x=-y=Hl Vay phuong trinh di cho c6 5 nghiém. + Iy? +b = 50 138. Tim tat ca cdc nghiém dutong (x > 0,y > 0) cla hé " + y)(xy — 1) = 25 = >U) 2 z= pa (uaetyu Oe 0 a ts v=xy-l(v>-1 uv = 25 u+v=10 uv = 25 v=-10 . (loi) viu + v = -10<-1 uv = 25 utyv=10 uv = 25 hoe { y : 2 wy -1 139. Xet he phuong tinh (2% ** = OD) xy ty” = b(x - 1) xty= Vay ta c6 >usvs5 > xy =6 a, X= NO VIX =¥o i New Ih mot nghigm thi ciing 18 mot nghiem > do y =p Vay musn phutong trinh c6 nghiém duy nhat thi diéu kién can la x = y. Ta 4x7 = b(x = 1) c6é nghiém duy nhat thi b=0 b=8 co phuong tinh 3 AN O \=b?-8b=0 © [ 120* Thay b= 0 vao he (1) ta cd: xy +x? = 0 > x(x +y) = 0 he c6 vo 86 nghiem thoi man x + y = 0. * Thay b = 8 vao he (1) tac6 : Jayna? Sty =D | bx? = By =D | y 1) (x yx ty +8) 50 “ o { 8(-9 - x) F (**) Giai he (*) ta duoe nghném duy nhat x = y = 2 He (**) vo nghiém Do dé muon hé cé nghiém duy nhat thi b = 8 140. a) a” +b” > 2ab <> (a ~ by” > O diing v6i Va: b © R. C6 ding thie khi va chi khi a=b 2 2 2 2 b 3b bya +b’ 2abeoa —ab+b 20e>| a +=— 20 véiVarbeR 4 C6 dang thite khi va chi khia cyats Sb 4 ab* coat —a*b + bt ~ ab? > 0.69 aa b) ~ blab) 20 > (a~ bya’ — b*) 2 0 9 (a ~ by (a? + ab +b?) > 0 vei Va; b. C6 ding tinic khi va chi Khia = b. d)a' +b 4c7 > ab+ be toa o> Ya +b? +07) - 2ab~ 2be - 2ca>0 e(a by 4 (b 6)? + (ae)? 2 0 v6i Va; by €. C6 ding thiic khi va chi khia=bee AMA. aya’ 4b? 467 43> %atb4c) eo (a? 2at i) 4 (b?~ 2+ I (C- 2+ 120 eo (a 1 4 (b= 1) + (© ~ 1) 2 0 v6i Va b sc. C6 ding thie khi va chi khiaeb=c=1 +b? +07 >ab-ac + 2be <> — -alb-c) +b? +c" ~ 2be >0 :) -a(b-c)+(b-c) 20 © ( vse} 20 v6i Va; bic. 2 ing thtic khi va chi khi a = 2(b ~ ¢) 121142. 143. 144, 122 ath ec td +e zalb+c+dte) (Foe) me }fEee}fe no 2 (34) (4) GJ) 6 °| 20 vai Va;b;c;d;e.Cé dang thtic khi va chi khi a = 2b = 2c = 2d = 2e d) 4a‘ + Sa? > 8a" + 2a-1 coda? — 8a" 4 Sa” - 2a 4120 a- 1) + (a1) 20 © (a- 1)°(4a” + 1) 2 0 véi Va. C6 dang thiic khi va chi khi a = 1. HS ty Lim. a), b), c) HS ty lam. d)(at5)' + (a+ N12 3269 (a4 3 +2) + (a4 3 -2)°2 32 © [(a +3) + 4(a + 3) +4] + [(a 43) - 4a 3) +4] > 32 2 (at 3)4 + 16(a + 3)? + 16 + (a + 3)" + Bla + 3)" + 32a +3) + (a4 3) 4 + 16(a +3) + 16 ~ 8(a +3)" + 8(a +3)” — 32 (a +b) - 3220 © (a+ 3) + 24a + 3)° 20 2 (a t I [a + 3)” + 24] > 0. C6 ding thiic khi va chi khi a = -3 a a) Véi a; b;c>0; ~<1eva ab +ac < ab + be b ab. o)>0 a }-fednreolet alta Ss eo Bees oo Ooh) oP l(a.8 a0 véi Vab #0 by 2 ab "ey 2) 4 C6 dng thtte khi va chi khi a Slots 242) +420 a aya145. 146. c :) reoe(2+ 1/242 a)so bia jboa b)- rene 20 voi Vab # 0. Cé dang thie khi va chi khia = b. Voia;b:ce>0 1 4 2 z a) —2 —____ @ @ tb) 2 4b Go A-h 0. Cé dang thitc khi va ab (a+b chi khia =b. tot 4 atb 2 b) —-+-2—— 2 (a +b)” > dab © (a - b ab at+b ab a+b o —— o(arbte atbte C6 dang thife khi va chi khi V6 bicd0 C6 ding thtic khi va chi khia = b=c a b 3 >) —— + -—— bre cta atb 2 9 > A ae Ap dung bai tap — +— + — = a b ceatbee 123147. 9 tacé —_—_. atb b+e eta 2+2b+2c \ 1 19 +b+c} ——+—+— |2- arb bee c+a) 2 atbec avbee wee ath bre 2 c a 9 a b « 3 eo leat et 42 a+b bee cta 2 bee ca avd 2 C6 ding thite khi va chi khi a= b=. a 4 o1n. , Phan c) v2 d) cp dung bat ding the ——- < + 5 va ban doe ty ching minh, a a a), b) HS tw chiing minh ° ve f a+bte i. atbee cta ath 2 : face 20 era?-ath+ey+ C*7 39 2 (b+ er zab+e) OOS vwivarbse. a b Véi bic >0=> “—2a-2"*, bee 4 1 , eta a+b Tuong tu ta eo ~~ > b- <4 zc-2 > c 4 a+b 4 i 2a + 2b + 2c eae beey arb 2 C6 dling thie khi va chi Khia =b=c Wty Ct og ebee) a Ta cé: (a+ b- a+ ¥T pA +8) a ae © 7 (b+ 0.69 (at by ~ dela +b) +4e7 > 0 2d(a+b-c) voice >0 asb>Ouong trtacé 24 24h sca: | zHe ra by 4" (4 by tore’ (cea c a b > (dpem). Co dang thitc khi va chi khi a = b=c ate b+d cta dtb ape ore See 24atb-c+bt+c~atate-b) 148. a) a+b bte c+d dia 1 1 4 Ap dung ‘ a+b ctd atbte+d (ef Late ace atb c+d} atbaced Tuong ty: PES a+b gt yt 4(b +d) bic dra bre dta} atbterd ase bad era deb Ala +c) A(b +d) = at ack pol eee arb bec cid deta avbrerd C6 ding thie khi va chi khia = b =c =d. bed — _ ) (asdb+c) arb+ctd ‘ 4 Ap dung abs 0 ab (a+b) are 4 Ate fa +e) — > (a +c)——*_—_. + be 4d) (a ine (a+ b+e+dy b+ =(b +d) ae > (a+b + ard _ate btd 4(a+c)+4(b +d) +bXcrd) | (a+dXb+q) C6 ding thite khi va chi khi a = => (dpem) ; atb c areyb+d Tacs: =, e+ 3d 4 20420 5 (56 4 3d 42a + 26) ath w+ bXc +d) arb a > (a + b)—— : (a +eXb +d) ( (a+b+e+ay 3 2 atb Ha+b+e+d)4 12 = 7 es eee fo > Sj _ atb ct+d (ateyb+d) (atbtetd? atbt+erd C6 dang thite khi va chi khi a = b = d.22eoa°+2-2 120coa*+1-2Va7+1+120 (var -1) 20 v6i Wa b) aVb—1 + bva—I 2ab~2aVb—1 - 2bVa-120 <> [ab —2aVb—1) + (ab ~ 2bVa—1)> 0 <> afb - 2v6 —1)+ bla ~ Wa e afb-1-2Vb—1+1)+ bla-1-2Va—1 +1)20 e a(Vb-1 -1) +b(va-t-1) 20. C6 ding thiie khi va chi khi a= c) Va+ vb > Varb. Via; b>0>a+b+2Vab >atbe>2vab >0 diing voi Va; b> 0 d) Va -Vb < Va~b. Véia>b>0>a4b-2Vab b>0 150. a) y(a+eyb+d) > -Vab +Ved <> ab +ad + be +d > ab + cd + 2 Vabed ead + be - 2Vabed > 0 <> (Vad - Vbc) 20 ding v6i b), €), d) HS ty chiing minh. - a) HS tw lim b) Tacé : 15 Do dé 7 a (n+ Dn Anes > tat oe : Jez ai 320 (n+ Dvn vn+h 152. a) Via; b;c Ki bacanhciia Anénatb-c>0:atc-b>0:b+e-a>0 Ap dung bat ding thite Cosi ta cé 126(at b~ a ae py EPO GPL), farb-oa—b+e) be te =o)e (b+ £=9) 5 leva ob re-ay c= EERIE SDS eva bier boa) > abe > (at b-cha-b+eb+e-a) ; a ata a b) Tirb+e>a= ~~ <8 28 bee atbtc bic ; 5b 2 c Tuong ta cé ; —-<-——_, S$ < cta atbte “a+b a b c Aat+bte) <= = 2 (dpem) bre cta atb wrbre ©), d) HS tw him 153. a) [al +|b[> [a+b] o> av +b” + Qalb| = a> +b” + 2ab c> falb| > ab dung v6i Va; b a+ fo] >fa ~ bf. Ta 66 : [a+ fol =f +|-b]>|a— bj (theo ching minh trén) b) [al—|b] |a + b~b]=fa} => faj—|b]<|a +b] (dpem) [a|—[b| <|a—b]. Theo chting minh trén ta c6 : fa — bl + [b|> fa — b +b] =fal = al - |b] <|a - b| ©) [al + of +|e[2 fa + b+ ¢]. Theo chimg minh trén ta c6 : a +b|+|cl>|a +b +c] (dpem) ~¢. Theo ching minh trén ta c6 fabs [b—< 154. a) |x|+iy|+|x ~3] +|y-S]28 Taco : |x| +|y] + |x - 3] +|y —5] = |x| +[y| + [3 - x] +|5-y| ~¢| (dpem) +bi+B b) va+3—4vi [S~yl2|x ty +3 -x #5~y|=8 => (dpem) +Va+15-8Va-1 22. Véia> I,tacd: Va+3—4Va—1 + Ja+15—8Va=1 ~4Ja—1444Va-1-8Va-1416 ant ~2) + (Vana af = -2+\va-1 4] = a= 1-2] + |4-va=a]2\va=1-244-Va-i]=2 = (dpém) 155. Tit Ja) <1; [b ~ 1] < 1999 => ab — I] =[ab ~ a] < 1999 ; va |a-c|< 1999 127= lab -al + ja - ¢| ab = af +a < 1999 + 1999 = 3998, Jab = a+ a= el = lab -- cf => jab - c|< 3998 (dpem) Ma 156. a) Qjax + by| + x7 ey? 2fax +t Aan « fe >ava vb v Tuong ty "2 Wb — Veh Le da eb vii Vas b>0 va vb Va boa vb Va rs es va 2 b Theo Cosi : ™* +22 = ytuong tS? 4 >t Wee vb a fe ! boa vb va HS tw am at (b +0) 2yath +e) > vata sb +e) 22 Tuong tu ta cé Cong tong 3 +beerd dva . 1 Ap dung: 04525, ban s@ ching minh duge. b).¢). d). ec) HS tu lam 129161. a) Theo Cosi : x Vai a,b, ¢ 14 3 canh cia AABC thi: atb—c>0;ate-b>0;b+c-a>0nén ta cd 1 1 (at+b-c)" (ate~b)" (atb-c+ate—b)" (2a)" 1 1 2 a, = (a+b-c)" (b+e~a)" b" 1 1 2 a (a+e-b)" (b+c-a)" Cong 2 vé ba bat ding thitc trén ta 6 : 1 1 = —— ee [(a+b—c)" (ate-b)" (b+e~a)" din dén diéu phai ching minh. Dau bang xay ra ¢> a= < Vi(a +b +c) a biét : a + bo +c Zab + be + ca Tuong ty nhu trén ta cé : b) Val +b? +b? +c7 + Ve* Fa > 2a" + 2b’ + 2c? B ab + Ibe + 2ea a eb ec?) 2a +b? ee? + Jub + Ibe + 2ca = (a+b tc)” Vayat+becs (Xa? +b? +c7). Dodo 7 < 2 bate) +b? 4 byt ye? +atbve) tab acy s Yaar baey sVias bee [a+ fe es Vb+e Vate Vath d) Vatb-c4vb+e-atVveta—b = Jxatbee) 462. «) (BE thi DH Ngoai thyomg nam 2001) Ti gid th ty axtyt econ” a ty exgytey? V6 b May* ty 22y' ay cy Dodo: x+y ty 2x 42a axty sxty? * Ap dung BDT Bunhia : (ayy = (vee? soy") « <(x ty) Fy DS OK 4 YE HV?) 130a Vay suy rasx” ty Sx+y Theo (x by) <2Vx08 Fy) SAK yy xt ys? 2 3 Vagis ay Be ty Sxsyaz xtyte=5 7 by . ching minh : 1S x.y.2< Ta c6 (x HY HAY (XT Hy HY = ay F yz t ANI OD NY HATE YZ { xty=5-2 tin dda <1 *** [xy =8-2(5-2) y x.y i nghiém ctia phutong trinh bic hai: T? (5-7) #8 75 7) =0 PT nay c6 nghiem ¢> A 20.63 (5 — 2)" 32 445-7) 20 > 7 A 4107-72 0e2 1828 2 . 5 A « 7 Sy. 766 vai 88 nhu nhau nén 1Sx,y.25 > c) HS te lam. d) Gi sit cat 4 bat ding thite déu diing, ta sé c6 2a] by3b(L - €)8e(1- d)32dC1 ~ ay > 1.2.1.3 rc) 256 a1 — abl ~ bye( - ed(1 ~~ d) > 1 I mi LY 2ocsat-a+4+20-a-a' stata) 2) 4 . tl 1 ma atl arb bed - edt dys ttt td, 444 47256 Vay 256 al ayb(L = b)e(L ~ e)d(1 ~ d)'S Enen VT > 11a sai. Vay he bait ding thie di cho phai c6 it nhiit mot bat ding thite sai. 163 - 170 HS ue lam 3 ; a arte ay 25 FY 3 Sa ee an ade dM tIes inc Teonce x 4 5 3x - 3 by 8. 2 Xo? digukigne se tvaxe -3. DSin<-Llex<2. 2x43 x= 1 2 CDS: 04m +3 New m = | ta'e6 BPT 0.x > 7 => BPT vo nghiém 3 * Néum > | BPT c6 nghiém x ae m 4m+3 *Néum <1 BPT c6 nghiém x <~ ~ m-t 131b) — Am -2x H2m<3y i 3eocM-S)N<3 6 a 2 * m= 5 BPT 1a 0.x <3 ding x ¥ m> 5 BPT cé nghiém la x < = m-5 on aes A 3 *m< 5 BPT cé nghiém la x > ~~ m-5 ce) 9 Pay 4G 2s a - WAN HS) vei didu kiéna>2 <> Vax - 4 2x = tt = 2x < Ma ~ 2) ~ Ha 2) 9 (Sat 14x < Sa - 10 via > 2 nén Sa + 14> 0 BPT 6 nghi¢m Sa -10 x< — Satld V6i a <2 BPT tro thanh (Sa + 14x > Sa~ 10 bl 13 BPT cé iém 0.x > 24 ding vx 3 4 Sa-10 eae 4 gprs nghiem x> a" 5 sar A Sa -10 act npr cé nghiem x <= 5 Sarid hea Sa 10 Ket luan = a> 2 BPT cé nghiem x < Sasi ; Sa 10 2 BPT c6 nghiem x >=" Sad lt a ‘3 JBPT ding “x Dae Si = BPT cé nghiem x < 3 5 2x- 173.) S331 aka seo O88 a ' <2 (X= HUN +2 >VeK< - Thole x >6 ~ Hyco Int bs SQN + 1) eo 3N<4e> Xe so . 4 nh véi diéu kign suy ra nghigm ea BP PsN 1 vay > I 174, a) 2x - 5] x 2-1, Voi dk dé 132175. o— 8. voix S$ 0 BPT lu6n thoa man I Véi Ox 9 x Vay BPTcé nghiem 0xcox>l 5 een are 1 Két hop ea 3 trudng hop trén ta 66 nghiém cla BPT la x <— hoje x > 1 o) Ik ~ 2) >N 4 voix <-Tthix +1 < 0<|x- 2] > BPT c6 mot phin nghiem lx <= 1 Voi ~1 1+ x Vay BPT co nghiém -1 2 BPT tré thanh x ~ 2>x+ 1 BPT vo nghiem. : ee! Két hop ca 3 trudmg hop trén ta 66 nghigm cita BPT Ti x < d) [x + 2) >Iy + 1], binh phutong 2 vé ta c6 BPT trong duong : 2 1 3 (e+ 2 200+ LD dx +4 > 2x tle uae) 16x -10>15x-8 16x ~ 24 > 20x -3 24 => Hé vo nghiém 26 —-26 xD 2 e 3x+8>8x-20 ~ | 5x <28 2% > 2x =5 Kee 26 2 oe ~Bexctt Nghiem nguyen la {-8;-7,-6,...3, 4, 5], nghiém nguyen + Jon nhat LA Xiax, 133: 4x+7 oes 42x +5< 28x +49 {ers : °) © 8x43 gas | 8x +3>4x-50 4x <47 ia 47 2 Benet Nehiem nguyen 1a (3; 4: nghiém nguyen 1én nhat 18 Xpyq =H d) I WSx-2>Ix+2 f45x-6c6x4I [39x>7 7 3x-14 7 }4x 16 <3x-14 Saou 20 4) < XEN [4x -16 3x14 x<2 9 2 Negliiém nguyén bé nhat 18 Xin = 1 x+4m* <2mx _ (1-2m)x <1-4m? (1) 3x+2>2x+1 x>-l 2) BPT thit nhat 6 3 kha nang 176. *m =} thi BPT ding Vx 1 te 2m, 5 “*m<> thixs1 + 2m 1 *m>-= thi x2 2 -2m Két hop véi (2) ta cd * m5 BPT c6 nghiém x > - 1 * mot BPT c6 nghiém x 22 1 oy less Sa) Vay Vm hé BPT ludn cé nghiém. qT. Vx? -1-vx+lextleo vx vx=1 2m(m~ x) €> (4 + 2m)x > 2m*~ m- | =1>Ve+1 © BPT vo nghiem vi -10 => BPT vo nghiém ie ooo 2 * mon5 BPT co nghiém x <= =m-1 1+2m 2m+1 * ment BPT cé nghiém x < =m-1 134by mx 4) 0 => BPT vo nghiem 44m +3 * m>-3 BPT c6 nghiém x< ™ 4" *2 oma] m+3 * m<-3 BPT cénghiém x >m+1 co) 2x - exemed x=msl 2m +120 ' 1 x=mel ze a R25 ejmiles eye x+m20 x=m+l 2 Byyin = -10 khi x? = 4 > x= 5 co) C= +iVGU 0-va =1, tim GTNN cia C=x4y Xe A= (W342) 2 (ae2f s(2+4]icryanay=c 4 Va) = 7448 => k=Viy ns) Wy |. Ay = (Sx - 1x +3), A=OC>x=-32 x= kh 18: A>Ocox<-3 xo Acie -3exct Ag. Ay HS ww lam _ (x=!) (2-5x) © (x=1) (5x41) 182. B, asl A khong xiie dinh ¢> x = - 2 1 2 A=0Q x22; A>dOeo- x>s Ss 5 I = A<0¢> x<~-z hodc 2 0c xa c0ixr2 C)<0e9<¢-2 aN x<2 1 ! 4 4 c, a - BR eee (xls 9) x £2 ic dinh «> x = + Cp > 0629? 409 x <2 hose x > 2 Cy <0 co x” 4<0 = -24x4<2 Cy US ur kim 184. Dy = (x — Dix + 213K Ux ~ V2)= HK HOC Ux ~ ¥2) Xe diiu theo khoding sau + + + - +—— ' + ~- > 2 23 I 2 ixeli xed x D, = 02x = 3 b0eox< D, < 02> ~2Ocox<-2 :16 1- 4x a 1 185. a) =~ >3 (*) didukién x #-> 14+2x 2 2-10x => 1+ 2x 137186. 187. 138 Xeét dau vé trai BPT cd nghiem -Lex<-4 4x43 ye eg Ue 12s 14 2x { 1 [alc ats + s} -x -3 4 Wxt+4 BPT vo nghiém V6i -3 2 (*) CON 434 2K 465 co IN<6 x <2 <> BPT vo nghiem KL : BPT vo nghiem Vx b) x +5152) 2 (*%) eo x43-2x44<50 -x<-20x>2 > BPT 2 ke Nol xe (*) <> -3x -5S>2 9 3x<-Teox< 3 5 3 (*) <> 3x45>2 o3x>-3eox>-1 V6i x > , . 7 Vay BPT c6 2 khong nghigm : x <— vax>-I . yf a Rtles jv +2 < 3x —1] x s Voixne-2BPT @ -x-25 HI-2) kk S5 oO xs5 I Véi -21| BPT > x+28$3x-3) @ wx25 > I Vay BPT c6 nghigm x $-2 ; -2 Wed WW>-4 eo x2 . s eg a) Xétdiun A=mx 2 Sm=0 2 A A<0 vx > ms o> AZO e> Noy m 2 2 Ar0 a xs= , Act o x<= m m by Xet dau B= (m- Lyx + 2m *m=1: Be2 vx a 2 em>1:B>0@ x50 r Rees ace md m-l 2 2m *me0ex<-=™ Bede x>-—" m-1 m- :B=0cox=m=0 c) XE Cs (x - Dx - m) e mel C=(x- 1720 Vx *molhC=0 m 7 C<0 @l0cx2 thhA>0 ox<2ix>m ,A<0 @lexem em<2thhA>Ocomex<2 — :AKO coxemixr2 x+3 b) B 5. DK x ¢-m ix? (x mXx 2) *mo>3thi -m<-3<2: B0cmex<-334>2 *-Qeme0 <>-3ex<-mix>?2 m< 2 thi -30 @-3-m HS ur gidi. ayy <3 Mién nghiém li phan mat phang phia dudi duémg thing y = 3 (ké ca duane thing) (h. 271) bx 25 139Mién nghiém 1a phin mat phing bén phaiduémg thing x = 5 (ké ca dudng thing) (h. 27b) CVX -y + I> 45 eo 2v- By 20 Mién nghiém 1a phin mat phang phia duéi duang tha (h. 27e) d) Ax ty) S3K- + 2e> x-2y 120 Mién nghigm 1a phan mat phang phia duéi dudng thang x - 2y - 1 = 0 (h.27d) Hinh 27 492. a) {ee -y20 x20 Mién nghigm 1 phin ma phing nam trong géc y'Ot ké ai hai tia Ot va Oy’. 2x -y <0 wi y2x Mién nghiém 1a phan mat phing nim trong géc pOq ké ci hai tia Op va Og. x20 a) b) ©) dys Hinh 28 y-3x20 140Mien nghiém 1 phan mat phang cia tam giic OAB ké cai chu vi tam gid x20 1 yoaxs0 | ad ) Mién nghigm (hinh 28d) 1a ewe diém (xy) © doan OB, tia Bt vi tia Oy" 193. a) HS tu lam ° Minh (ax 4 2y 620 y-12<0 (HS tr i < ddxa inh) | [x20 (-2x+ys-2 neon a ~2y-2<0 2 (HS ty vé hinhy jxvyss Jx+y-5s0 [x20 5 20 : : . es 2 Mien nghiém 18 \ABC chi ké canh AB va BC vai AC 2 1: BCS 194. I #a>0 bat phutong trinh c6 nghi¢m : x < @1<0 bait phuong trinh c6 nghigm : x > 2~ bhax 12x bac (a- @a=2 bat phuong trinh 1a: Ox <1 dting v6i Wtea>2 bat phuong trinh cé nghi¢m: x < 271 a ¢a<0 bat phuong trinh c6 nghiem : x > 2 1 a-2 e)(L=ayx > P= 2ax eo (ax > Lea x > — Trae ing voi Va ax+} ax-l th ax-1 on 3) ATS gg MAL 50 voila etl al atl Poatl 3 9 MADR Lg, >0 a> | bat phuong trinh c6 nghiém x > 0 ¢-1 2x+7 i x26 197.) 4 © ° 265K< N-1t KL BPT dting Vx © ReGix 41 Oca < LBP c6 nghiem x>iobs gt sa = 0 BPT ding Vx = R voi a-l x4 13 a l a d) Vx 1x =a42)>0 a3 BPT cénghigm x > 1 xol x>l © ¢2|a>3° BPT cénghiém x >a x-at2>0°° |x>a-2 a <3 BPT co nghiém x > ighigm x >1 a3 BPT cs KL a>3 BPTc6é nghiém x >a - 2199. a He a-I b) He 66 nghigm duy hit khi “= 1 <> ay xe met > 2m(m- x) eo (14 2m)x > 2m? —m—F- (m2 st) ge : - BPT tro thanh 0.x < 0 => BPT v6 nghi¢m Lee #m> = 5 BPT c6 nghi¢m x >m- 1 I ae m <=. BPT c6 nghiem x BPT vo nghiem *m<-3. BPT 6 nghigm x >m + 1 *m> 3, BPT c6 nghiem x )2-sfe> (3x co ON ETON FA ZA AN ENT G2 BNE IGS ZO Co BX + 2)20 1436x21 10x 2-45 {tox t4e4xe5 © N+ 312K HIB 200. a) o { Bx +918 x 2 b) 4 (2° lax bd 49x 602x261 8 “8 co hé-vo nghiém 3 201, a) fp ax7 exe E cOA HE 3C0 o> VP HKEIDO VNR x74 2K #3 C6 A'S -260 > 742x430 5 ox? + 3x 202 dén 205 HS ww kim 206. d) f(x) = (ax + bY” Khi A = 0 (vi he s6 7 dd duro Vay a = 43: khi dé 207. a) x” - Ya- Dxta A's (a- 1° -(a-3) 3a44 Tam thite a - 3144066 =9- 16=-70 voi Ya 2 c6 A= 1>0 = tam thiic co 2 nghiem x) = 1; xy = 2 2 Lda 49 Sx7 46x +9 5(K EST 0 Vi.\' > 0 véi Va nén phuong trinh | =0 an cé 2 nghigm b) (a+ Dx” - Ga 2x + 2a Néu a = —1 phuong trinh tré thinh 5x ~ 5 = 0.c6 nghiem x = 1 - 2) - dat Qa 3) Ba t+ 16 = (a - 4) > O vei Va Néu a # =I phuong trinh [a bac 2 ¢6 / <2 A=9a"- 12a44- 8a + 4a 12 = Vay phuong trinh di cho ludn c6 nghigm 208 den 210. HS tw Kim. 214. f(x) = ax” ~ (a - 3)x + 118 binh phurong nhi thie <> we 10a+9=0 a= 1 via =9 théa min a>O +2xtls(x4l Voi a = 9 =9 f(x) = 9x7 - 6x +1 = (3-1) 242. HS ue lam 144213. 214. \ a) 15x? -7x-22>0ex< gee 2 Ux- c)x°- (1+ V5)x4 VS 20ex<1 :x2 V5 d) (x - IK +3) ZR D+ DN HIF 2K HK-ZExKZT a) x—mx+m-320 Asm? -4m + 12=(m~-2)' +8>0véi ¥m mm? —4m +12 2 = Vm? - 4m +12 Vay bat phuong trinh luén c6 nghiém' x < ™ 7 m+vm? —4m+12 2 Tam thite vé trdi lun c6 2 nghiém x = X> b) mx? ~ 2x +420 m =O biit phuong trinh c6 nghiém x <2 ms0 > A'e fl - 4m néum > + => A‘ < 0 => bat phuong trinh luén duge théa man véi Vx : 1 ; , ae néu 0 A'>0-vaa> 0 = bat phuong trinh ¢6 nghiem : 1-Vi-4m | 1+yl-4m x< tim 5 tin ™m ™m néu m <0 = A'>0 via <0 = bat phuong trinh c6 nghiém : Levimdm 2. levi=4m m m c) (m+ 1x? — 2mx + 2m <0 m =-~1 bat phuong trinh tro thinh 2x -2x<1 m #-1 tacé A! =m? ~ 2m(m + 1) = =m? ~ 2m = ~m(m + 2) m [a Két ludn vé nghiém bat phuong trinh 20 - ~ | bat phuong trinh ding voi vx -2 0 | bat phuong trinh ding voi vx ER - | + | bat phuong trinh cé nghiém x Sx 3x 2x2 i || @ hat phwong trinh c6 nghiém x $1 2 + | bat phuong tinh cé nghiém x) Sx Sx7 0 0 | bat phuong trinh 6 nghi¢m x = 0 145+ | =. | bat phwong trinh vo nghiem +00 215. HS tu lam. 216. DS: a)O3; b)-lgx<1;-5 3 54 te edex<4 Qex<4 x<4 by fx? x] + 2x —4]<3. Ta c6 bing xét dau sau : x 0 je-x] | ox x-x vox ~px—4] | 4-2 4-2x x-4 VT |x? 3x44 ex t4 4x4 x<0 x<0 ey ° 2 x*-3x44<3 x? -3x+1<0 © Vo nghiem. O2 x>2 Ou ° ° x?+¢-4<53°0 |x? 4x-750 ° dense 7 a 6 ee Két hop ta duge : < psi {i -3x+2<3x-3 23x +2<3x-3 {irs {is +3x-223x -3 xS1jx2>2 fs sx 22 _ *-6x4+550 fs 5 x=h2 nok. em 1. Tacé: A'=(m +3)? +(m— 1)(m- 2) = 2m? +3m4+11>0Vm (vi 8 < 0). Vay phuong trinh luén cé nghiém Vm. Phuong trinh cé nghiem duy nat ¢2 m = 1. 222. a) (m? + 5m - 6)x” — 2(m + 1)x + 2.< 0 diing Wx m<-6;m>1 m<-6;m>1 , 2 =m? -8m-12<0. m? +8m+12>0 <-6;m>1 = a © m<-4-28;m>-44+V28. m<-4—V28;m>4+V28 148223. 224. » LULU (x = 1)(5x +3) oO -2(m+1)x” +(m—1)x+m+3 (1—x)[m +34 2(m + 1)x R6 rang v6i x = | bat phuong trinh khong t6n tai. Vay khong cé gid tri nao cia m dé bat phuong trinh ding V x. HS tu lam A>0O a) DE f(x) = 0.06 2 < x; 0 A’ = (m= 1)? = (m - 1)(m + Im +5) = (m- 1)(m- 1 - m? - 6m - 5) =(m ~ 1)(-m? - 5m - 6) = (1 - m)(m? + 5m + 6) —++_+_}_ + + —_—_ + 3 -2 1 A>0a@m<-3 ;-2-3 m~1_ m-l-2m-2 m+3 — o> +2< 0c i a m+1 m+l Lay giao cia 3 tap nghiém ta co diéu kién 14-2 0 <> m < -3 hodc -2< m< 1; tacd 2(m- Xp HX) = fn a) : m’ +4m-5 ‘cone | 4 Tir (1) = xy +g =2- Thee neem _— SO 2-x,-%; - 2=xy-x, 2=x,-x, Way hé thite giita x, va x2 khong phu thudc m 1a x) x3. 3 2 =n -(2e) +f Fatt) s 2-x,-x, (2-x,-x, 2-x, x, Kyo, vai diéu kien m<-5 ;-20. Bat phuong trinh thi hai c6 nghiém 1: x <-3;x>-I. Bat phuong trinh thit nhat c6 nghiém thi sé c6 dang : a0O A>0O Vay diéu kign 18: jaf(-3)>0 hoae jaf(-1)>0 Sc-5 So. = Xét A! = (m? +1)? - m4 = 2m? +1 >0V m. Xét f(-3) = 9 + 6(m? + 1) +m? =m‘ + 6m? + 15 =(m? +3)" +6>0V¥m xXét Se <> m? +1<-3 vo nghiém. Vay a < B <~3 khong xay ra Xét f(1) > 0. 1- 2m?-24m* =m‘ -2m?-1>0 © (m?-1- J2\(m?-1+ ¥2)>0m?>14 V2 Vi+V2 hoacm< -V1+ V2 xe S>1 com? 41> 1 em? >0eome0 Vay trudmg hgp 2 xay ra khi | 1+ V2 thi nghiém cia bat phuong trinh cé tham s6 1 nghiém cia bat phuong trinh x” + 4x +3 >0 3x? +4mx-4=0 (3x? +4mx-4=0 fie Bag He sé vO nghiém khi A <0 hoc A > 0 ma nghiém ngoai khoang (-1 ; 1) Tacé A' = 4m? + 12> 0 v6i Vm m2-4 S 1-41 Hé vo nghiem khi va chi khi {$0 ,, {-!-4mso f()— 4228. 229, 230, 231. x? -3x42=m x? —~3x+2-m=0 J ° x -2x<0 O 2; c6 nghiém khi + sms<2 x?-5x+6<0 (1) 2sxs3 cad 2 =2m? <0 (2) —2m" <0 x a) B&t phuong trinh 2 c6 A = 1 + 4m? > 0 véi Vm nén ludn 6 nghiém dang a (2 - 2m?)(6 ~ 2m?) <0. <> 10 ~ |m? <3 - 2 hoac fore =3 vo nghitm 1 b) Dé he c6 nghiém duy nhat thi { £2)>0 7 [m?< Vay hé c6 nghi 2x? duy nhat khi va chi khi m = +1 2 {oer ay sm s10—a2 609 x23 fs ‘ x? -2(m— Dx +5m+1=0 He vo nghiém khi A <0 hodc A> 0 ma 3 >x, 2x2 bi =(m—1)?-(Sm4 1) =m’ -Im<000069415-m>0 <4m2 2 Vay hé vO nghiém khi m <7; hé cé nghiém khi m >7 mx? - 3(m - Ix + 4(m - 1) =0 0 {mz0 a) Phuong trinh c6 nghiém kép khi {i : { © 4=0~ |9(m-1) -16m(m -1)=0 151232. 233. 234. 235. 152 Xét A=-7m? -2m+9=0am=1 vm=-2 b) Tim m dé phuong trinh cé diing 1 nghiém € (2 ; 5) m=0=93x-4=0cox= 4 €(2;5) m + 0 phuong trinh cé 2 nghiém va I nghigm € (2 ; 5); | nghiém ngoai khoang (2 ; 5) = diéu kién 18 : {ize fee an. “7sms! u ° 2 o-I 0 v6i Vx = bat phuong trinh da cho tuong duong véi : 3x? 4 3x - 3. via>0 x? -(2+m)x+420 A2< (m-3) -16<0 _ {m?-6m-7<0 -IOtacét?—t4+2=0,A=1-8 = -7 <0= phuong trinh vo nghiém <> phuong trinh da cho vo nghiém c) 16x* - 15x? - 16 =0 Dat x? =t20tacé 16t”- 15t-16=0 — — 15-1249 a 15+ V1249 32 7 A= 225 + 1024 = 1249 => t, = a Chi e6 ty > 0 tha man => x = + J S*¥28 sts v4n0n6?-o02-)=00| Vay phuong trinh ¢6 nghi¢m x = +2 ; x= +1 HS tu lam. a) (x + 2)(x — 3)(x + 1)(x + 6) = -36 > (x2 + 3x + 2)(x? + 3x - 18) = -36 “Dat x7 4 3x +2 = t= t(t ~ 20) = -36 ot? - 20t + 36 =0 A’ = 100 ~ 36 = 64 > t=2;t=18 2x243x42=20x=0 3-34V73 2 (218 3x7 43x42= 18 x= Vay phuong trinh c6 4 nghiém x = 0 ; x b) (2x7 = 3x + 1)(2x? + 5x + 1) = 9x a) x = 0 khong [a nghiém = chia 2 vé cho x # 0 ta duoc (eo (ax+t-s[astes}-s x x State 8)=9oOr48t-9=00tH1 ; pat 2x+4 x teles Wxtt 321 eo 2x? 4xt 1 =0ex= a ; 92x? 46x41 =00Kx= 242 2 236. a) je 5x44|=x+4,, phuong trinh chi cé nghiém véi x > -4 x? -Sx+4=x+4 6x =0 x=0;x=6 ° 2 2 x? -5x+4=-x-4 ?_4x+8=0 Vay phuong trinh c6 nghiém x =0 ; x =6+ b) > -3x+2 t=-9 2x+ Vay phuong trinh cé 4 nghiém x, = 3X34 vo nghiém ~|x|, phuong trinh chi cé nghiém véi |x| < 1 x? -3x+2=1-x 2x+1=0 [x=1 4x+1=0 |x=24V3 i 2 ° =3 x? -3x+2=14x ax? 43x-2=1-x | x?-4x+3=0 | x=h =x? 43x-2=14+x 9 [x?-2x+3=0 [vOnghiém = 2x. Diéu kien x 43 x? 5x +12=0 vo nghiém 2 2 x20 ex {x} - 12 = 2x? - 6x | [x<0 x<0 x=3;x=4 x? -7x+12=0 153238. 239. 154 Vay phuong trinh vo nghiém a) x? +9 = 6x + 4Vx? —6x +6. Didu kién : x” - 6x +620 ox? 6x +9 = Av? 6x +6 Dat Vx? -6x +6 =tot=x?-6x+6 aresedteor—4t43=0ctel jt=3 t= Lox -6x4+6=1 ox -6x4+5=0xK=1 5x=5 t=3 Ox -6x4+6=9 Ox -6x-3=0 x= 3423 =5 ;x= 3423 Vay phuong trinh c6 4 nghiém x = by Vx -1 =Vx-1-V3x-2 Sx-120 Diéukién: 4x-130 ox2l 3x-220 m= Vox —1 + V3x—2 = Vx—1 eo Sx -143x —2 + 2V15x? -13x 42 =x-1 > 2W15x? - 13x +2 =2-7x. V6i x > I thi-vé phai <0 => phuong trinh vo nghiém a) x4 9x3 + 10x? 9x +120 x = 0 khong phai Ia nghiém cita phuong trinh. Chia hai vé cia phutong trinh cho x” > 0 tac: vot ofs+t) 1020. ba xed attacé: x x x P-2-8+ ODO - HF B20 IST 5128 1 tsloxt+ slox?-x+1 <0 vonghiem x 128 xtb a8 oF 10x 4-Vi5 x2 4405 x Vay bat phuong trinh c6 nghiem x =O vax < 4-VI5 ;x2> 4415 b) x4 + 12x? + 32x? 8x - 420 eo x) + 12x? + 36x? — 4x? — 8x — 420 6 (x? + 6x)? — (2x - 2)? 20 2 (x? + 6x + 2x — 2)(K7 + 6x — 2x +2) 20 .€> (x? + Bx — N(x? + 4x +2720 le +8x~220 petuBas see x?44x4220 | [x<-2-V2;x2-24+ V2 © “ie +8x-2<0 feabeseee x’ +4x4+250 -2-V26x +3. Diéu kien: -x*-x+620x7+x-6<50 oo -3 -4 Khi do binh phuong 2 vé ta co =X 46> 6x" + 18x +9 o> Tx? + 19x 43<0 19-277 -19+ 277 oe cx een 14 14 Vay bat phutong trinh (1) c6 nghiém -3 < x test at Giai 2x ~8]2 2x . Bat phuong trinh thoa man véi x <0 Voix >0: x? -2x-822x x?-4x-820 [x<2-2y3;x22+2N3 : ° ° =x? +2x-822x [x?+8<0 vo nghiém x<0;x22+2¥3 os Cusi cing ta c6 he “194. ayy 2 38x see 3x5 14 14 b) HS tu lam. a) x?-Vx+6 =6. Diéu kign : x 2-6 Datt = vx +620 = tacé hé phuong trtnh : t= e@(k-nxtte =o] * t=-x-1 V6it =x tacé x? -~x -6=0x =3 vax =-2 (loai vit =x >0) Vortex tae6s24x-S2000x= EA vg sterso vat . nén chi nhan x 2 vat Vay phuong trinh cé nghiém x = 3 vax = 155242. 156 b) 2x —x? +V6x? -12x +720. Diéu kien : 6x? — 12x +720 Dat t = V6x? 12x +7,120 = t? = 6x? - 12x +7 30s 6x? 12x +7549 fearre 2 6x? - 12x -42<0 bat phuong trjnh (1) diing véi Vx (vi A <0) bat phutong trinh (2) > x? - 2x -7< 0 1-V8 BYR? — 1) V5x = 3x. Yh? — Ix =x 2 (x? - Ix =x? : x=0 2 x(5x? — 5+ x2) =0 © x(4x2 - 5) 09 V5 x=tc 2 a) x44 2mx?4+m+3=0 Dé phuong trinh c6 4 nghiém phan biét thi phuong trinh trung gian phai cé 2 nghiem duong Dé phuong triph t? + 2mt + m + 3 = 0 c6 2 nghiém duong thi : 1-Vi3_— + vi3 A'>0 {m?-m-3>0 |™S—Q M79 P>Oeoim+3>0 9 eodm>-3 s>o |-2m>0 m<0 oseme VB Goi 2 nghiém cha phuong trinh trung gian 1a t, < ty thi 4 nghiém theo thir tusé la — Jt, <-Jt, < Jt, < Jt Theo yéu céu x) 2>t,<1 ;t)>4 Vay 1 va 4 nam trong khoang 2 nghiém = cén cé diéu kién d6i voif(I)<0 (3m+4<0 mes ° £(4)<0 |9m+19<0 19 m< f= 2m m3 phi os | Vay dap s6 bai todn 1a — 3: 0 |m?-16>0 {m<-4;m>4 + Nhu trén f = 0 c6 4 nghiém thi )P>0<>41>0 | m<0O S02 |imen 2 Vay m<-4 Dé c6 4 nghiém x) <-2. ne 2 => ca | va 4 nam trong khoang 2 nghiém cta f = 20 + mt+2=0. -4 = 34 m< as — 4 nghia f(I)=m+4<0 ° £(4)=4m+34<0 |m<- Vaym< 4 + Dé x) 5X2 5X35 Xq lap thanh cap s6 cong, ta biéu dién 4 nghiém : oye ve Vay dé phuong trinh 2x4 + mx? +2 = 0.e6 4 nghiém lap thanh cap s6 cong thi phuong trinh 2t? + mt + 2 = 0 .c6 2 nghiém duong phan biét ma ty = 9, m <-4 la diéu kién dé cé 2 nghiém duong phan biet fe ; =10t, =-= Dé ty = Mt, tacd: i P=9, =1 Vay ater, es ee ee 9 Bae 31902 3 Tir bai 243 - 262 HS ty lam. 157263. 1) Ta da biét mot don vi do géc 1a dé : * Géc bet c6 s6 do 180° * 1° = 60',1' = 60" Mot don vi do géc nifa la radian (viét tat 14 rad) # Nguai ta coi géc bet 180°) ciing nhu nita dudng tron c6 s6 do la rad: 180° = mrad o o _ Ta == == sas I rad, | a’ 180 rad (0 sin” a + cos"a@ = 1 I T+ tanta = wae Ea kmk eZ) co: 14 cota = ae ka (k € Z) sin” a tina.cota = 1 c) Xem hinh 30b trong tam gic vuong HON vudng 6 H, OK = HN Theo dinh If Pitago ta cé ; HN? + OH? = ON? =1(ON=R =1) fe Vay sin? a + cos? = 2 2 cos” o a) + (costa +3 = (sin? ce +cos*ee)(cos'er+sin* sin? acos*a) + 3sin? zcos? a 6 6, 2 a 270. 1) sin’ + cos%ee + sin? creos?u =(s 8 3 b)3 28a scpe Bo Sr 198 X X mn o( 3sin 2 - Jeos 2) = 3sin® ~ 3cos% + sin] -2 2 2 2 274. a) sina + cosa = m => sin” a + Co:"G. + 2sinacosa = m~ nén 2sinacosa = m7 - 1.Vay sina. ~ cosa|” = sin” @ + cos*a ~ 2sinacosa. 1-2(m? 1) =2(1-m?) => [sina ~ cosa = [2(1-m?) vei |m! <1 4 4 = zk a 2 b) costa + sin‘ a = (cosa + sin“ a) - 2cos"usin® a 272, 1) Dé dang ching minh rang véi moi s6 thuc a, b,c, d ta c6 : fab «ed? < (x? +7)(b> 4 v) Do dé —_(Bcosx + 4sinx)” < (3° +4°)(cos?x + sin? x) < 25 (do cos*x + sin?x =1) => [Bcosx +4sinx| <5 suy ra diéu phai ching minh < 3cosx + 2sinx < VI3 GINN (cosx + 2sinx) = -VI3 2) Theo cau 1), ta ve 273. Trén dung trdn luong gidc (h. 31): Tai A ké tiép tuyén t'At v6i dudng tron. Coi tiép tuyén nay 1a mot truc 6 cé géc 12 A va ‘vecta don vi J = OB. Cho cung, AN 6 s6 do bang a(« ¥ Fox}. Goi T 1a giao diém cia ON véi truc (At. Ta co =e Hinh 31 tana = AT. sina aa = Oy oii - OK ) AONH & AOTA (hai tam gic vudng cé mot géc nhon bing nhatr) HN _ OH _ HN _ AT AT OA OH OA That vay tana = ma O, nén AT = EN (9), rar (1) va (2) suy ra tana = AT OH 16286 cila vecto AT, nén truc At Vay tana: duoc biéu dién bing do dai goi 1a truc tang. o don vi i = OA Tigp tuyén s'Bs véi duéng tron luong gide (h. 31) e6 goi 1A truc cotang va cot a = BS. Tir dicu da néu ta cé tan(a + kn) = tana; cot(a + kn) = cota 274.ay 302 Liai-a0- 28, iw 2 2, = 1-sin” a = cos-a Px +1) = 14 tan? x — tan? xeos?x ~ tan? x 276. a) sin 163277. 27 279. 164 = tan?* + cot% + 2tanX.cot% -tan?* + 2tanZcot* ~ cot? * 3 3 73 3 303 3 Kx = tan zcots a41=4 2Scos?x ~ 16 a g) OK = 4 _ Ssinx +3 Seos*x - 16 ~ (9 ~ 25sin x) | 3-Ssinx 4+ Scosx 12 + 1Scosx ~ 20sinx — 25sinxcosx ~ 1) sina. = —sin(-a), cosa = cos(-c), tana = -tan(-a), cota = —cot(-a) 2) sina = cos( 2 7 a) coset = sin{ 5 - a = 2 : on ©) fang cot =a) cota tang : ~cot| 5 - = tan{ 5 : x _ (x 3) sina = -cos| +a], cosa = sin] = +a 2 2 tana = —cot x4a cota = —tan eo 2 : - 2 4) sina = sin(n - a), cosa = -cos(n - a) tana = -tan(n- a), cota = ~cot(n - a) 5) sina = -sin(n + a), cosa = -cos(x + a) . tana = tan(x +a), cota: = cot(m + a) a) sin51° — tan51° <0 (visinSI° < tan51°) cos130° (1 ~ sin130°) 0" 0 — — cos130° = ——____— sin130° sin 130° cos130° < 0,1 — sin130° > 0, sin130° > 0. Vay cot 130° - cost30° <0 ¢) sin #20° cos120° < 0 (visin120° >0, cos!20° <0) d) tan 150° cos300° < 0 (vitan150° <0,cos300° >0) a) sin1 10° + sin130° + sin150° + sin170° + sin 190° + +sin210° + sin230° + sin250° + sin270° = =sin70° +sin50° +sin30° +sin 10° — sin10° —sin30° ~sin 50° -sin70° - 1 b) cos20° + cos40° + cos60° +...+c0s120° + cos 140° +cos160" +cos180° = =c0820° + cos40° + cos60° +... cos60° —cos40° -cos20° - 1 = -1 c) tan20° + tan40° + tan60° +...+ tan] 20° + tan 140° + tan 160° + tan180° = b) cot 130° - cos130° = tan20° + tan40° + tan60° + ...-tan60° - tan40° = tan20° +° =d) cot 5° +cot 30° + cot 45° +... + cot 135° + cot 150° + cot 160° = cot 15° +cot 30° + cot 45° +...~ cot 45° ~ cot 30° ~ cot 15° =0 280.2) sin? 20° + sin? 40° + sin? 50° + sin? 70° = = cos? 70° + cos? 50° + sin? 50° + sin? 70° = 2 b) cos? + cos? 3 + cos? + cos? UE 4 oss? 7 + on 13 13 13 26 26 = sin? HU gin? 7 4 sin? 3 + cos? UZ 4 cas? 2% + cos? 3 26 26 26 26 26 tan(b — 4m) = tgb:tan(b — 3,52) = tn(b i ; - 4) = -cotb Thay vio bidu thic A tacé A = 2a +tanb _ tang + tanb cota teotb 1 | I alee tana tanb b) tan 50° tan 190° tan 250° tan 260° tan 400° tan 700° = =1 282. a) Trong tam gidc ABC ta c6 A+B+C=180° > A+B=180°-C > sin(A + B) = sin(180° — C) = sinC cos(B + C) = cos(180° = A) = -cosA b) A+ B= 180° ~C = A=B - 99° _£ A+B_. (94 C)_ C win soo -$) «8 B+C oA A cos = cos 90 ~$)= sing c) tan(A + C) = tan(180° ~ B) = ~tanB : cot(A +B) = cot(180° = c) = -cotC d) tanAZE . tan( 90° -3) = co A+B_ > C)_, © cot 2 = coi 5} -1n$ 293. y = Ksinx +t + 2y = ksinx +1 ksinx = 1-2; . y = SERA => yoosx + 2y = ksinx +1 = yoosx ~ ksinx = 1 - 2y Ti bai 272 ta 66 : (ycosx ~ ksinx)? <(y? + ?)(cos? xt sin? x) = y? +k? 165284. 285. 286. 166 Ma (ycosx —ksinx)? = (I~ 2y)*. Do dé ta c6 bat phuong trinh 1-4y+4y? <-l Sc Vit3k? © 143k? > 25 3k? > 24 cok? >3 k > 22 2 k <-22 Trong moi AABC ta lun c6 sin A(I ~ sinB) + sin (I — sin) + sinC( — sin) > 0 © — sinA+sinB+sinC-sin AsinB-sinBsinC -sinCsin A >0 (1) Ta ciing c6 (I ~ sin A)(I - sinB)(I - sinC) > 0 <2 1-sinA-sinB- sinC +sinAsinB+sinBsinC + sinCsin A -sin Asin BsinC 20 <> 1-sinAsinBsinC 2 sinA + sinB +sinC ~sinAsinB — sinBsinC ~ sinCsinA 1> sinA + sinB + sinC ~ sin AsinB ~ sinBsinC ~sinCsinA (2) Tur (1) va (2) suy ra diéu phai ching minh 2sin cr — cosa. Be ee 050 chia cd tir va mau thite cho cosa (cosa # 0) ta cé sind + 2cosa. 2sina 1 _ 2tana tana +2 Tren dudng tran Iwong giée (h.32) dat 3. cung AM cé s6 do la a, cung AN c6 sé do 1a B. Ta cé toa do cha hai vecto ny eeae i 32 OM, ON 1a Hin OM = (cosa; sina)287. 288. 289. ON = (cos : sin) Nhu vay g6e ctta hai vet (ON, OM) = a =f + k2n (k © Z) cos(ON, OM) = costar ~ f) Ta lai 66: cos(ON, OM) = = cosacosp + sinasinB ON.OM ON.OM (Diéu ndy ta sé biet trong hinh hoc 10; ON.OM goi 12 tich vo hudng cla hati veeta, ta 66 he thie : ONOM = |ON]./OM).cos{ON, OM) nen ~~ ON.OM cos(ON, OM) wl one jon| jom| oI Mat khac néu ON = (cosa ; since), OM = (cosp ; sinB) thi tich vo hung ON.OM = cosacosf — sinasinf ). # Do dé | cos(a — B) = coscecosf + sincisinB Cac céng thite khac HS ty lam. 2, 52 os" 0t — sin” a) cos2a@ = cos(a + @) = cosa.cosa — sina sina ; 2 9 2 2 Dé dang c6 cos*a - sin? a = 1 - 2sin* @ = 2cos7a - 1 b) sin2a = sin(a + a) = sinacosa + cosa sina = 2sinacosa tana + tan _2tana T= tanatane | — tan2a c) tan2@ = tan(a + a) = 2 1+ cos2a cos2a = 2cos*a ~ 1 => 2cos*a = 1+ cos2a => cosa = a 2 = cos2a Tuong ty sin? o. = SS 2sin = os a ° oe ae a 20 a) sina = 2sin Scos* = ——2 2. chia ca tit va mau thtte cho cos? & : 2 cos? + sin? & [ 2 2 a 2tan> 2a 2a let? It 2 tacé: sina = 2 Tuong tu cosa, = —— let 2t tana = ——— 167290. Bién ddi vé trdi ta cé 2 tan a ~ tar tana + tanB tance. ~ tanB tan? p | tanactanB’l + tancetanB = tan(o + B).tan(a — B) VT = VP ding thie dugc ching minh 1 = tar 5 4 3/010 291. sin2a = -F = cos2a = -5 (180° < 2a < 270°) 5 5 3 Le 5 cos2a = 2eos*a ~ 1 = cosa = 5 => cosa = oe (90° 2sinacosa = tana 15,295 1 ose on? cota = -2 292. a) Bien déi vé trai sinasin 3a = sinasin(2a + a) = sina(sin 2acosa + cos2asina) = sin 2asinacosa + sin” acos2a 1 -cos2a poe cos) 7 os2a 1 = sin? 2a + 2. 1 2a + ae eS 2a 1-2sin?a 1 2 1 - = ssin? 2a + = sin? 2a ~ sin?a 2 VT = VP hang ding thie ding. b) Sit dung két qué cau a) bién déi vé phai : VP = sinasin3a + cos” 2asin?a = sin? 2a ~ sin?a + cos*2asin?a = sin? 2 ( 2 = in? 3 oF = sin* 2a — sin* a{1 -—.cos* 2a} = sin“ 2a — sin“ asin“ 2a = sin? 2a(1 — sin? a) = sin? 2acos*a VP = VT (dpem) c) Bién d6i vé phai : 2 1 1 3 i-ier a VP = gcos4x ~ Scosdx + 5 = “30 * +3 = sin? x(1 ~ c0s*x) = sin* x VP = VT (dpem) 168Qn ok 2n 293.a) A= 2cos“Scoss => “ns 2eos cos tsing ¢ tana + tanB F py = Sano + tanF ©) tan(o. + B) = Taian 1.2 13 573 tan(at + B) = | 1S 1a a+B=T+ke (ke Z) 55) 15 295. a) A = 2sin(x + y)cos(x ~ y) = sin2x + sin2y b) B = 2cos(x + y)cos(x - y) = cos2x + cos2y c) C = 4sin3asin2asina = -2sin2a(cos4a — cos2a) = ~2cos4usin2a + 2sin 2acas2a = -(sin6a ~ sin2a) + sina = -sin6a + sin4a + sin2a d) D = 4sin3asin2acosa = 2(sin4a + sin2a)sin2a sin 4asin2a + 2sin? 2a = -(cos6a - cos2a) + | - cos4a = ~cos6a ~ cos4a + cos2a + 1 296. a) A = sin 75° sin15° = 7(cos60° ~ £0590") = 5 1—4sin 70° sin10° _ 1+2(cos80° — cos60°) b) B= =2sin 70° =+—48in 7 Sint = 2sin 10° 2sin10° 2sin 10° _ 1+ 2cos80° - 1 _ 2sin10° _ 2sin10° 2sin 10° c) C=sin figs sin Bsn l® = = (sin sin 9 sn noe 3) 242g 7g 3g 24 24 2a 2g = Af cos tot — cos!2® | 1{ cos ® — cos O® B08 34 4 J 2% 24 8 24 169Thay vio (*) ta cé : _ 1 vo - v2 $) 2sinZcos2® + 2sinZ cos + 2sinZ cos Bsin FeosF + 2sin Feos-z* + 2sin Fe0s 7 1 2sin= 7 5m in 3®) 4 sing sin o™ sin | +| sin —sin > a 2sin= ~sin= D meet 2sinz ? ny 297. Bién déi vé trai VT = cos12° + cos18° ~ 4cos15° cos 21° cos 24° = cos12° + cos18° — 2cos15°(cos45° + cos3°) = cos12° + cos18° — 2cos15° cos45° — 2cos15° cos3° = cos12° + cos18° — cos60° ~ cos30° — cos18° ~ cos 12° 3B 1_ B+ = -cos60° ~ cos30° = 7-3" = VP (dpem) 2 2 298. a) sina + sin3a - 2sin2acosa ae cosa +cos3a — 2cos2acosa cosda ~cos2a _ -2sin3asina b) =. = slang. 2a+sinda 2sin3acosa °) sina —3sin2a + sin3a_ _ 2sin2acosa — 3sin2a cosa — 3cos2a + cos3a — 2cos2acosa — 3cos2a 170sin 2a(2cosa ~ 3) * cosda(deosa = 3) 7 (a2 299. a) Bién déi VT: Sx 2sin5 = 2sin sina + 2si é a 3 in 2a +... + 2sin 5 sinna enor ee a 2h) G - cos} ..+| cos| n 7/8 cos ats) a 1 asin gin ht DA s% cos] n += |a = 2sin™ sin 2" cosy ~ cos} n + 5 Ja = sin S*sin na. (n+ Ia sin-> sin = VP (dpem) qd) That vay (1) 1 32 4 © cos? C ~ 2e0sC. beos(A - B) + 2 [cose - FeoscA - ») + (2) (2) luon ding suy ra (1) ding. Tu(1) suy ra cos? A + cos? B + cos? C > Q) Tir (1) va (3), tacé: sin? A+sin? B+sin?C <9 <3(cos” A +-cos"B cos? C) 1 1 cosC = qoostA -B) S cosC = Di AABC!Géu Diu ": xay ra @ sin(A —-B) =0 A=B 301. Tir 2b = a +c => 2sinB = sinA + sinC A+C A_C cos—=— © 2sinB = 2sin 2 e 4sinBcosB = 2005 BeosA=© 22 = 2 2 A-C 2 iB ° 2sin> = cos 171A+C A-C <> 2cos = cos. 2 #9 2coscos© — asin sin€ = coscos© + sin Asin € haa i) rh a2 A C_,. A.C Z ° cos cos> = 3sin 2 sin 2 (*) Chia hai vé cia (*) cho sin sin #0 tacé (dpem) eS sin? A ~ sin? B _ sin(A = B) sin? A +sin?B_ Sin(A + B) 1 cos2A - (I~ c0s2B) _ sin(A - B) 2(sin? A+ sin” B) sin€ sin(A + B)sin(A - B) _ sin(A - B) ose sin? A + sin? B sin eainA B)[sin?c Sena A sin? B | =0 ‘sin(A - B) = 0 A=B ° : 2 4. ey), sin?C-sin? A-sin?B=0 — |e? Vay AABC can hodc vudng tai C. 4 303. a) sin® a +cos°a+3sin? acos*a = (sin? a+cos? a)(sin* a-si +3sin? acos?a 2 sin? a + cos? ) b) B = sin? a ~ cos?(a ~ b) + [costa + b) + cos(a ~ b)]cos(a ~ b) ~ cos? b = = sin? a + cos(a + b)cos(a - b) ~ cos”a “ Ta cé cos(a + b)cos(a — b) = cos? acos” b - sin? asin? b= = cos* acos* b - (1 cos? a}(1 - cos” b) = cos* acos? b ~ (1 - cos*b ~ cos*a + cos* acos” b) 2 = cos*a + cos” b 2 . 2 2 cos? a - sin? b = -sin?a + cos” b Thay vao (*) tacé: B= sin?a +( ina + cos? ) ~ cos? b = 0 c) C = cos’ a — cos(a + b)cos(a ~ b) ~ sin” b = cos? a (cos? a- sin? ») -sin?b =0 172304. 305. -288° cot 72° aya ~ tan 18° wn (-16 iow? cos(-288) = cos288 = cos(360° ~ 72°) = cos(~72") = cos72° tan(~162") = ~tan162° = -tan(180° - 162°) = ~tan(—18°) = tants” {-142") ( Veale) sin 108° = sin72°. Thay vao A duge cot 72°.tani8° = tan 8° tan18°.sin 72° tan18° = tan18° tanl8° = 0 n(x — n)cos(x —2n)sin(2n-x) __sinxe b) Dat B= X 3n © cosxcot(-x). — tank sin| 5 ~ x Jeot(n — x)cot zt. ¢) sin?(x ~ 2y) ~ cos? x - cos? 2y = = (sinxcos2y ~ cosx sin 2y)? — cos? x - cos” 2y 23 2 =sin? x cos” 2y + cos” x sin? 2y ~ cos” x ~ cos” 2y ~ 2sin x cosx cos 2y sin 2y 08" x cos” 2y ~ 2sinx cosx cos2ysin 2y = ~2cosxcos2y(cosxcos2y + sinxsin2y) = -2cosxcos2ycos(x - 2y) d) Ap dung c) ta c6 in bcos(a ~ b) is >) tanatanb a—cos2b ~2c0sacosbcos(a ~ b) a) P = sin? 50° + sin? 70° — cos50® cos 70° = 1 = c0s100" | 1 ~cos!40" _ c0s120° + cos20° a uUEsoos IAs © Cos 120 ices 20 __ 2 = 2cos120° cos20° ~ cos!20° - cos20” 7 2 2+ cos20° + $ ~ cos 20° DE b) Q = tan20° + tan40° + V3 tan 20° tan 40° 1 0 0 1.6520" — cos singe vif slom cose0”) cos 20° cos 40°” cos 20° cos 40° 173B Vi{cov20” 2 5 eo 2cos20° cos40° — 2eos20°cos40° ——-2.c0s 20° cos 40° Va{} + oos20"} A( 5 +cos20"| ee Cee 3 + cos20° + cos20° - 4 } cos60° + cos20° c) Re sin Main — sin Main a sin Bain? wn Fan S —cn ia™ 4 sn Fa Bees cog coe coer te ene eee = gf eos! -cos2} - 3 cos% -cosn) + 5{ cos - cose =f cos® - cos2® — cos + cosn + cos -cosn) = 0 © ZL EG ~ COS 5 5 1+c0s 9% 420) 1+c05( 4 — 20 4) 5 — Le s0s2a 3 7 ) “2 2 2 4n 3 + c0s2a + 2eosFe0824 3 cos2a — cos2a 2 2 2 2 306. a) Bién déi vé trai: —__t2sin’o ___ cos’ a +'sin® a ~ 2sin’ x o(m x 2cot{| +a }cos?{*-a| — cos| = +a 4 4 4 w(S 2S sin? B+ Rig 4 sin{ = 4 cos2o. ___cos20 b) Bign d6i vé phai 1-tanB _ cosp inB _ (cosB ~ sinB)(cosB + sinB) _ cos” B ~ sin” B T+ tanB ~ cosB + sinB (ens + sin)? T+ sin2p _1=2sin?B _ = Tangy 7 VT (pcm) c) Bién déi vé phai inte 2sinaconee cost: (sina +cos?a(sin? a ~ con?) + sind tan2a-1 in 2a — cos2a cos 2a 174(sin 2a —cos2a)cos 2a. See ee at 6 sin2a 2a d) Bién doi vé trai (gu a (1-cosa\* (1+cosa)* x Pos esses ceca [sin 5 cos 5] a a } + 7 ) 1 2 3 (1-4coscx + 6c0s" a 40s" a+ cos! a +1+4cose. + = VT (dpem) “2 2 3 + Geos" a + deos*a + cost a) = 1+ 6cos” a + cosa = (VT) (dpem) 307. a) tanx + cotx = k => tan? x + cot? x + 2tanxcotx = 2 => tan” x + cot" x +2 = -2 (k <-V2 hoac k > V2) tan? x + cot” x ~ 2tanxcotx =k?-2-2 4 tanx ~ cotx = Vk? —4 (Diéu kign k > 2 hod k < -2) 2 2 => tan? x + cot” x = b) (tanx ~cotx)? 3 2 : ©) tan x + cor*x = (tanx + cotx)(tan?x + cot” x = 1) ) ; +y) _ cosxcosy ~ sinxsiny 6: Yr ore cos(x — y) cosxcosy + sinxsiny Chia ca tir va mau cho cosxcosy # 0 tacé: J} ~tanxtany _ m n-m ———_—* = — = tanxtany = I+tanxtany on n+m 309. sinc + cosa = 1,4. Dat tan = 1, tacé => & = 26°34! (bi loai) a 2 a 2 => & ~ 16°42! (chap nhan) (do 0° < 7 < 22,5°) a var J y tans 17531 310. Theo gid thiét a,f,y Ia ba géc nhon duong, nén O o< BtY 7
atBry=n 311, y = 12sinx + Scosx +1 = y -1 = 12sinx + Scosx Theo bai 272, ta c6 : (I2sinx + Seosx)” < (12? + 5?)(si |l2sinx + Scosx| < 13 Vay |y-I|< 13 @ -13+1=7 Ve 4127 ok? = 48 ok = 443. b) GTNN (kcosx + 2sinx) = -Vk? +4 = -S o> k? +4 = 25 kK? = 21 k = 4V21 313, a) Ta biét AABC c6 A+B+C ==> A+B=n-C Do dé sinC = sin(A + B), cosC = -cos(A + B) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 2sin(A + B)cos(A - B) + 2sinCcosC sin C(cos(A ~ B) - cos(A + B)) sinC.(—2sin Asin(-B)) = 4sin A sinBsinC b) Goi a, b, c theo thit tu Ia cdc canh déi dién véi cac géc A, B, C cia 6 5 = abe AABC, tacé S = aR Ta laic6é: a = 2RsinA,b = 2RsinB,c = 2RsinC nén —— an Ase = 2R? sin AsinBsinC 176314. Muén ching minh $ R : = F(acos A + beosB + eCosC), ta chiing minh R F(acosA + beosB + cCosC) = 2R? sin Asin BsinC (*) Bién d6i vé trai cita (*) Racosa + beosB + cCosC) = (Q2RsinAcosA + 2RsinBcosB + 2RsinCcos = E Rosin 2A + sin2B + sin2C) nla ) -R.4sin Asin BsinC R = 2R*sinAsinBsinC (bing vé phai) dpem cel _ 2s o) Tacd: $= 51a +b +e) r= 5 3a? sin Mca sin Boos sin Ccos _ AR? sinAsinBsinC __ 32R* sin -cos“}-sin5 cos->sin->-c0s 5 '*ORGinA + sinB+ sinG) mins Ban’ 2 A BC ~ AL B.C = AReos 5 cos;zcos5 (Theo a) va sin sinxsin= + 0) a) Goi M 1a trung diém BC Tacé: GA =-2GM Mat khic ta c6 : GB + GC = 26M Tir (1) va (2) tacé GA = -GB - GC o> GA + GB+GC=0 b) Goi G' 1a trong tam AABC, ta ching minh G'=G - Tacé: GA +G'B+G'C =6 (cau Vay G'G =0 = G'=G (dpcm) c), d) HS tu lam. (a) (2) R 1) Hinh 33 177315. 316. 347. 318. 319. 320. 178 HS tw lam. a) Ching minh tt giéc BHCD 18 hinh binh hanh BH =CD BH = -CD = DC (dpem) b) Chung minh I 1a trung diém HD - trong A AHD ; OI 1A dudng trung binh (dpem) AH = 201 = AH = 201 c) Xét AHBCtacé: HB+HC=HD (1) Xét A AHD tacé: HA +HD =2HO (2) Tir (1) va (2) ta c6 (dpem) d) OA=OH+HA ; OB=0H+HB ; OC =OH+HC Hinh 34 => OA + OB + OC = 30H + (HB + HA + HC) oo 2HO => OA + OB + OC = 30H + 2HO = 30H - 20H = OH (dpem) e)Tacé: OA + OB + OC =306 ; OA + OB + OC = OH (cau 4) Suyra: OH =30G ° HS tu lam. HS ty lam * AC=KCB ;k#-I AC = OG - OA = k(OB - 0C) (1+ k)OC = OA + k.OB a c H Tadugedpem Hinh 35 a) AA'= AG+GG'+G'A* (a) +GG'+G'B’ (2) CC =C6+6G'+GC @) Cong timg vé cia (1), (2), (3) => Két qua b) G 1a trong tam AABC ; G' 1a trong tam AA'B'C’ Ta ching minh: G=G' = GG'=0 Tacé: AA’ GA a BB' = GB' - GB (2) CC’ = GC' - GC @)321. Cong ting vé (1), (2), (3) = Két qua c) Gia str O 1a diém bat ky 0G = LOA + OB + OC) a) oG' FOa' +0B'+OC') = (2) Xem bai tap | ~ cau 3 0G — 06 = L(A - OA + OB' - OB + OC - OC) GG = AA’ + BBO + CC’ => Diéu phai chting minh. Chui ¥ : NéuG = G' => AA‘ + BB' + CC*=0 d) (xem chting minh bai 319) Chii y ring Néu AC = kCB. Voi k # -1 va O 1a mot diém tuy ¥ thi OA +kOB OC = Ce) Ap dung cong thie (*): AC; =kC;B_ @ C|A=-kC,B Tit dé ta c6 : GA = (1+ k)GC; - kGB a) GB = (1+ k)G. k (2) GC = (1 + k)GB, ~ kGA (3) € ctia (1) 5 (2) 5 3) 1+ GB + GC; =0 Vay G ciing la trong tam cla AA B,C a) Doc gid tw chting minh b) Ta cé : MA + MC = 2! qa) MB+MD=2Mi_ (2) Tir (1) va (2) suy ra dpem Cong ting Ta duoc : c) Tacé: PQ = PB + BQ = (1 - k)AB + kBC @) Hinh 36 179322. 323, a) B= 316 Tir dé xdc dinh’duge diém I. b) Tir (1) => 21B + 31C =0 M * IB = AB- Ai Tuongtytacé: SR = (1 k)DC - kAD (4) Vi tr gidéc ABCD 18 hinh binh hanh nén : DC = AB va BC = AD Tir (3) va (4) tacé: PQ=SR Vay ti gidc PQRS 12 hinh binh hanh (dpem) a) Goi S 1a diém tuy ¥ PQ = 50 - 5 = 1 Gi + SN) - LK + Sti) (SC + SD) + 3A ¥ %6)| = Le nmi lame 7 (SB + SC) +5(8D + 8 | Khai trién va rit gon ta duge : B Hinh 37 = fee 3 fle PQ = 5 (SA - SB) = [BA cy Tir dé chting td : PQ//AB b) Tir (*) suy ra: PQ= TAB hay Rut 2AB + 3AG - SAI =6 Hidh 38 — 2— j— Al = SAB + SAC 6) * Dung AM = 248 ; A a AM =ZAB = AM=4 * AN = 3AC = AN=3 * Ai=AM+AN ma A =90° = tt gidéc AMIN Ia hinh chit nhat => A= MN. * Xét tam giéc vuong AMN tacé : MN? = AM? + AN? => MN =5 324, 325, 326, 327. HS tu lam. 180328. Tir gia thiét c6 ; PA + 3PC =0 o AP +3CP =0 a QA + 2QB + 3QC = 6 (2) Cong ting vé (1) va (2) (QA + AP) + 2QB + 3(QC + CP) =0 Lt QP + 2QB+3QP=0 2QB + 4QP = 0 => QB=-2QP = 2PQ Vay Q, B, P thang hang. Q 329. HS ty ching minh. 330. Chui § : Q thudc tia CA A R) - gi. * QP =7QR B P c Vay P, Q, R thang hang. Hinh 39 331. HS tu ching minh. 332. a) BM = BC ~ 2AB a) CN = xAG - BC (2) Tit(1) > 2BA + BC - BM =0 @) Tit (2) => xCA + CN -CB=0 (4) Ti (3) => 2AB = MG = AC - AM = AM =AC - 2AB, (5) Tir (4) => xAC =-NB =BN = AN - AB AN = xAC + AB . 6) Dé A, M, N thang hang thi AM va AN phai cing phuong jee eee Suyra: b=-5 > x=-7 (x#0) Vay x =-4 thi 3 diém A, M, N thang hang. b) Ila trung diém BC = CB = 21B Tir (3) ta cé : 2AB = AC - AM = MC © 2(IB - IA) = (IC - IM) © 2iB = 21A + IC - IM <> IM =2IA + IC — 21B = 21A + IC + 2BI= 21A + IC + 21C = 21A +31C 181Mat khic tir gia thiét : xCA + CN - CB =0 theo (4) © x(IA - IC) + BN =6 x(IA - IG) + (IN - 1B) =6 © IN=IB+xIC - xIA (S) Ma IB=~-IC => IN =-IC + xIC - xIA = -xIA + (x - DIC 2 5 => x= 333. a) Ket qua: 1 i GAC - 2AB b) Két qua U = Sic nén I, G, J thang hang. c) 2KA + 3KB - KC =0 2KA + 3(KA + AB) - (KA + KC) =0 4KA + 3AB- AC =0 KA = 4(aG - 348) Diém K duge hoan ton xdc dinh. Do A cé dinh => K c6 dinh d) MN = 2MA - 3MB - MC MN = 4MK = M,N, K thing hang. 334, a) MA - MB + MC = = BA MC => MC = AB (doc gia tu két luan) b) NA +NB + 2NC=0 qd) Goi 118 trung diém AB. NA + NB = 2NI (2) Tir (1) va (2) tacé: 2Ni+2NC=0 = IN=NC N la trung diém cia IC. c) 2A -IB=6 <> 21A-(IA+AB)=0 => AI=BA Vay 11a diém d6i xting cla B qua A. d) 2KA + KB 182Joe KA ac 335, a) 3JA + 2JB =0 (lam nhu cau 3) 336. 337. b) HA + HB + Hi 3HG = = BC > HG=—BC (G 1a trong tam AABC) c) QA + 2QB + 3QC = 3QG ° Goi G1 trong tam AABC QA + QB + QC + QB + 20C = 306 3QG + QB + 2QC =3QG = QB=-2QC 3RA - 2RB + RC 2(RA — RB) + (RA + RC) =0 2BA + 2R1=0 Ri = AB voi I 18 trung diém AC. Gia sit cé hai diém M va M' cing thoa man hé thitc : Ta Gidi : MA + 4MB = 3MC Tir (2) va (3) ta cé : (MM + ° ° a) ° MA + 4MB - 3MC =0 () ching minh M = M’ (2) ee ) + 4(MM' + MB) - 3(MM’* + M'C) =6 2MM' + M'A + 4M'C - 3M'C =6 MM'=0 < M=M'(dpem) TA + 21B =0 M'‘A + 4M'B -3M TA +20A + AB) ¢> IA=-2AB Vay 11a diém duy nhat b) Ching minh ring MN di qua I MN = MA + 2MB = MI + IA + 2(Mi + IB) = 3Mi + (IA + 21B) MN = 3Mi Vay M, I, N thing hang, nén MN di qua I. 338. HS wy 1am. 183339 340. 341. 342. 184 a) alA +PIB=0 qd) © alA+BdA+AB)=0 <= (a+P)IA+BAB=+0 © Al= AB do (a +B) #0 B +B) nén t6n tai duy nhat diém I thoa man diéu kién (1). b) aMA + BMB = (a + B)Mi aMA + BMB = (MI + IA) + B(MI + IB) = (4+ )MI+aiA + BIB 0 Vay aMA + BMB = (a + B)MI (c6 thé ap dung cong thttc thu gon). a) ViGIa trong tam AABC nén ta cé: GA + GB + GC =0 a Tacs: MA+MB+MC=3MG vay MA + MB + MC + 3MD = kMI 3MG + 3MD = kMi as 3(Q2MI) = kMI (v6i 11a trung diém DG) MA + MB + MC + 3MD = 6MI_ (k = 6) b) Goi Ila diém xdc dinh bai: 2A + 1B + IG =0 «Al AS Ap dung cong thiic rit gon ta duge : 2MA + MB - MC = (2 +14 1)Mi+2MI (k= 2) c) Goi 11a diém c6*dinh sao cho : 41A + 1B + ID=0 <> 4IA + (IA + IB) + (IA + AD) =0 © 61A+AB+AD=0 ee Theo cong thtfc rut gon ta duge : 4MA +MB+MD=(4+1+1MI=6MI (k= 6) HS tt lam. HS ur lam.343. 344, a) HS tr Lam b) MA + (1 - k)MB + (1+ k)MC =0 <> MA + MB + MG = k(MB ~ MC) ¢> 3MG=kCB => GM = kCB (v6i G Ia trong tam AABC) co GM = SBC G c6 dinh, BC cé dinh, do dé tap hop cdc diém M 1a duéng thang qua G song song véi BC. c) MA +(1—k)MB- MCG =0 (1) Goi 11a trung diém AB J 1a trung diém AC (1) <> MA +MB=k(MB + MC) 2MI =2kMJ <> Mi =kMI 1, J c6 dinh, vay tap hop cdc diém M IA dutng thang qua IJ (tr diém J). Huéng dén gidi : a) Goi I 1a trung diém AB MA + MB=2MI va MB-MC=CB (1) © |2MI|=|CB| = IM=3BC * I c6 dinh, BC khong déi. Vay tap hop diém M 1A dudng tron tam I; 1 R= BC b) * Goi G Ia trong tam AABC MA + MB + MC = 3MG * Goi I la diém 06 dinh xéc dinh béi 21A + IB *Tacé : 2MA + MB = 3Mi (2) 3MG=3MI = MG=MI < MG=MI. 1, G.c6 dinh, M cach déu I, G, vay M thudc trung truc ca GI c) MA + MB - MC = MA + MB+ CM = AB+ CB @ Vi CB cé dinh, dung AK = CB (1) @ MA + MB - MC = MA + AK = MK (Kc dinh) (2) MBCRnAC Sig Stand a2 cy mpee mentite ek 2MA ~ MB - MC = 2MA ~ (MA + AB) - (MA - AC) = -(AB+ AC) (3) Tir (2) va (3) tacé: |MK | =—|(AB + AC)|=|AB + AC| = khong déi * K c6 dinh va |AB + AC] = khong déi. Do d6 M thudc dudng tron tam K, bin kinh bing --AD véi | AB + AC|=|AD| (Trong dé AD 1a duéng chéo hinh binh hanh ABDC).d) |MA + MB|=|MA ~ MB| Goi 11a trung diém AB MA + MB =2MI ; Icédinh |MA + MB| = 2|MI| * MA - MB =BA |MA ~ MB|=|BA| = khong déi |Mi|=/BA| = MI-+aB Ic6 dinh, AB khong d6i. Vay M thudc dudng tron tam I, ban kinh R = SAB 345. HS tu lam. 346, |KA + KB+ KC + KD|=m>0 (a) Tacé: |KA + KB + KC + KD|=4KO. (I) 4|KO|=m > Ko=>0 Océ dinh. Vay tap hop K 1a dudng tron tam O, ban kinh R = t 347. a) HS tu lam. b) Goi G 1A trong tam AABC : MA + MB + MC =3MG Tir gid thiét : 6|MJ| = 6|MG| > MJ = MG inh. Vay tap hgp M 1a trung truc cia JG. a2 (a > 0 cho trudc) MA.MB = (MO + OA)(MO+ OB) = (*) V6i O 1a trung diém cia AB (*) (MO + OA)(MO - OA) = 8a? <2 MO? - 0A? = 82" <= MO*=9a? doOA=a = MO=3a Vay tap hop M 1a dudng trdn tam O, ban kinh R = 3a. 349, Tap hop M 1a dudng tron dudng kinh IJ (I, J 6 dinh cho truéc): 350. Tap hop diém M 1A dudng thing qua C va vung géc v6i AB 361, a) Tap hop M 1a duéng thang qua A va vudng géc véi BC. b) Tap hop M Ia dudng tran duéng kinh AG (do A, G cé dinh). c) Tap hgp cdc diém M 1A dutng thing vung géc véi Al tai H. Tir bai 352 - 361 HS tu lam. 186,362. 36: 364. 365. a) AB.BC + BC.CA + CA.CB = b) ABQAB - 3AC c) MK = MA + AK = A AN =5AB+ AC Swen ee ee MK.AN = + 548 12" * 4 =0 * MK.AN = 0. MK vuong géc AN . a), b), c), d), e) HS tu lam f) Saapo= ; AB.ACsinA. Shape => AB’. AC?. sin?A. oe [AB’.AC’ — (AB.AC.cos A)"] HS tu lam. a) BC = AC ~ AB AB + BM ; BM = = Két qua AM b) PN = 1(AG - 228) c) AM vung géc PN <3 AM. d) Trong tam gide ABC déu thi tam O tring véi trong tam G, nén:: OA + OB + OC =0 Phan tich : QA =QO+0A a) QB = QO + OB 2) QO +0¢ (3) Binh phuong timg vé ciia (1), (2), (3) va cong timg vé, ta duge két qua 187,367. 188 c) * AC. = (BC - BAY? =7 AG=V7 : A B * BD =(AD — AB)’ = AD? + AB? - 2AB.AD =1 Hinh 40 BD =1 aeice AC.BD 7 e) AC.BD = (AB + BC)(AD - AB) = (AB + BC)(BC - AB) = BC? - AB? =b?- a? HA.HB = HA.HA' = HB.HB’ * Hinh chiéu cia HB lén AA' Ia HA* * Hinh chiéu cia HA 1én BB’ 1A HB’ * HA.HB = HA.HA* * HA.HB = HB.HB' => dpcm. b) OG = 0A + OB + 0G d) cos(AC, BD) = (Xem phdn phép cong va trit véc to va phép nhdn véc to voi mét sb) Hinh 41 ¢) Goi M, N, K ln Iugt la hinh chiéu cia tam O lén BC, AB, AC ; dé chting minh H 1a tryc tam tam giée ABC ta ching minh AH vudng géc BC. <= AH.BC = 0 (BH vuong géc AC, CH vuong géc AB). Theo gia thiét OA + OB + OC = OH (1) OA + OB + OC = OA + AH <> AH cing phuong Of ma Oi vuéng géc BC. => AH vuong géc BC <> AH.BC = 0. Chting minh tuong tu cho céc trudng hgp con fai. => Hlatruc tam tam gidc ABC. d) OH.AM =0=> OH 1AM * OF.AM = (OA + OB + 00).4(4B + AG) =0 —= 7 = OH AM = OA + AB + AC)(AB.AC) =0368. 369. 370. * 30A.AB + 30A.AC + (AB + AC) =0 <> 3OA(AB + AC) + (AB + AG)? =0 i--— I-—) 3 2 = 343 2 (LAB As FA6. AC} = c° +b? ~2AB.AC = 5(b° +c°) <> 4AB.AG = b? +c? 2 2[AB™+ AC?- (AB. AG)] =b7+ c7 2 Ab +e Becta be? a) AB.CD = AB(AD - AC) a) AC.DB = AC(AB - AD) (2) D(AC — AB) @) Khai trign (1) ; (2) ; (3) va cng tig vé ciia ba ding thttc => (dpem) 2a? (dpem) b) Gi sir AH va BH 1a ede dudng cao cia AABC ; ta ching minh : CH cfing 1A dudng cao. Trong biéu thie (*) thay D bing H ta cé : => AB.CH =0 Vay’ dudng cao thit ba 1a CH, cing di qua H. a), b), ¢), d) HS ty 1am e) * Xuat phat tir: GA +GB+GE=0 (1) Binh phuong 2 vé ca (1) => Két qua **) AB=GB-GA qa) BC = GC - GB (2) CA = GA - GC @) Binh phuong 2 vé ca (1) ; (2) ; (3) r6i cong timg vé cho ta két qua ***) GA =OA - 0G o) GB = OB - OG 2) GC = OC - 0G (3) Binh phuong hai vé cita (1) ; (2) ; (3) r6i cong timg vé ca dang thttc = (dpem) si (tar aba lh) —0 a) Theo gidthiéttacé6: 4) 7 (a ~ 4b)(7a + 2b) = 0 (2) Ta? + 16.2.6 ~ 156" (3) 7a? —30.a.b + 8b =0 (4) 189371. 372. . * BE.Al 373. 190 Tir (3) va (4) khit a” ta duge : [or 2 Thay (5) vao (3) => |a]=|b] (6) Tit (5) va (6) (5) cos(a, b) = lal.1b] HS tu lam. a) Ching minh : BM LMN * BM = 5 (BK + BA) a SEX q N * BM MN = 4(BK + BAYMB + BC + CN) 1a. 5. (BK+BA 5. AB K = (Bk + Bay BR=BA BC -48) G3) Bg c Khai trién va rit gon (3) ta duge : Hinh 42 * BM.MN = BK. BK - BK” ~ BK BK) =0 Vay BM MN (dpem) b) Ching minh : BE 1 AI * Ta chting minh : BE.AI =0 * BE = BA + AE * Al= HAE + AC) I BA + AE)(AE + AC) = H(BA.AE + BA.AG + AE” + AE.AG) 1 2 2 2. = y (-4a” +a? + 32°) = 0 (apem) Chi ¥ : Can ap dung phép chiéu véc to xuéng mot truc. a) Chitng minh : AB’ + BC? + CD? + DA? = AC’ + BD” + 41° AC = (AB + BC)? = AB? + BC? + 2AB.AG a) * ‘AD + DG)? = AD? + DC? + 2AD.DC (2) BC + CD)? = BC? + CD? + 2BC.CD (3) * BD° = (BA + AD)? = BA? + AD? + 2BA.AD (4)37 375. 376. > * (AC? + BD?) = 2(AB? + BC? +CD? +DA?)+2AB(BC +DA)+2CD(DC + DA) <2 AC? + BD = (AB’+ BC*+ CD* + DA”) + (AB + CD)(BC + DA) nates ee ai] 2 = AC? + BD* = (AB? + BC? + CD? + DA?) - 41? (S) Tir (5) => (dpem) b) Dé tt gic ABCD 1 hinh binh hanh thi T= J (Te side 6 hai dudng chéo cit nhau tai trung diém méi dudng). 1a) AB.AC b) AH.BH=0 cae AH L BH) 2) IA - 21B + 41C =0 a Tacé : IA - 21B + 41C © (GA ~ Gi) - 2(GB - Gi) + 4(GC - Gi) =60 © GA -2GB+ 4GC = 361 Vay tit gid BCIG 1 hin binh hanh (dpem). 1s 2 : a) AB.AG = HAR + AC? - BC?) = Moms « 2 = A =60° AB.AC 2 c) HS tu giai. a) Tt gidc ABCD 1a hinh binh hanh A <> AB-DC=0 = AB+CD=6 _. * (AB + CD)? = 0; Ta lai e6 BC+DA=0 Nen (AB + CD)( < BA.BC + AB.AD + CD.CB + DA.DC = 0. Dpcm.377. 378. 192 b) Ap dung cau 2 z 2 a 2 2 2 2 AB? + BC? + CD? + DA? = AC? + BD? + 41 Khi l =J > 1 = 0 taco: AB’ + BC’ + CD’ + DA” = AC’ + BD® (Trong mét hinh bibh hanh, téng binh phuong bén canh bang téng binh phuong hai dung chéo ctia no). c) HS tu giai. a) AC wong géc BD <> AC.BD =0 © (AB + BC)(AD - AB) =0 © (AB.AD - AB’ + BC.AD — BC.AB -0 WH Yr YO 0 - bh + ab 0 : Ane D <= Néuh’ = ab Vay néu h? = ab thi AC vudng géc véi BD. b) h I AL.BI=0 < (AC + AD)(BD+-BC) =0 < AC.BD + AC.BC + AD.BD + AD.BC =0 (*) Chi ¥ ring : B AC. b Cc =h? Hinh 44 = ab ~ h? Tit hé thite (*) ta cé : a? +b? —h? — ab + ab=0 @ bh? =a? +b? + 2ab=(a+ db)? © h=atb a) Ménh dé ding. b) Menh dé sai (xem hinh vé 45) c) Menh dé ding d) Ménh dé ding. (Chi can binh phuong 2 vé => két qua), e) a(b.c) = (a.b).¢ Hinh 45 Qa m k379. a(b.c)= ma; meR (abe =ke 7 KER *) a, ¢ khong ciing phuong. a(b.¢) # (a.b).¢ **) ma = ke, a, ¢ ciing phuong thi ménh dé ding. ab f) Menh dé sai (xem hinh vé 46) {a 1b joe : lie’ Hinh 46 Nhung a.¢ = b.c =0 A a) Xem hinh vé 47 Triténg hop 1. AABC c6 3 géc nhon (hinh 21) Khi do A‘ nim giita B va C Ta cé A'A = A'B tanB = A'C.. tanC. * A'B va A'C ngugc huéng ; tanB, tanC > 0 B > * Vay ta 66, tanB.A'B + tanC.A'C = 0 w Hinh 47 Trudy hop 2: Xem hinh 48. AABC c6 géc tr: C > 90° Khi do A’ nim ngoai doan BC (vé phia diém C) *Tacé: AA'= A'B.tanB = A'C.tanC do Cy + G2 = 180° > tanC; = ~tanz = ~tan€ : Vay AA’ = A'B.tgC =~ A'C. tC B Cc AN’ > A'B; cing hudng Dod6: tanBA'B + tanCA'C =0 2) Hinh 48 Ca 2 trudng hop (1) va (2) cho ta : tanBA'B + tanC. A‘ =0 (Dpem) b) H la truc tam AABC, ta c6 cdc s6 m,n, k khong déng thdi bing 0 sao cho : mHA + nHB + kKAC =0 a) Do AH vuong géc BC, nén tir (1) nhan ca hai vé voi BC m.HA.BC + nHB.BC + kAC. 0 193380. 194, © nHB.BC +kAC.BC=0 (2) (Xem hinh 49) 8 * Theo cong thtic hinh chiéu ta c6 : AM HB.BC = A"B.BC B) AC.BC = A'C.BC @ y—% * Tur (2), (3), (4) ta duge : nA'B.BC + kA'C.BC = BC(nA'B+kA'C)=0 Do BC +0, nen tir (5) suy ra: nA'B+kA'C=0 * Mat khéc theo cau (1) : i tanB.A'B + A'C.tanC = 0 Tir (6) va (*) ta duge : n k tanB ~ tanC Chimg minh tuong tu cho ta _ mn _k P* anA~ tanB ~ tanC p#0 => m=ptanA ,n = ptanB, k = ptanC Thay (7) vao (1) ptanA.HA + ptanB.HB + ptanC.HC = 0 © tanA.HA + tanB.HB + tanC.HC = 0 (Dpem) Xem hinh 50 : - a) Trén 3 canh AB, BC, CA cua AABC lin lugt Idy cdc vécto i, fk sao cho |i]=|f}=|K| *Tacé: Be w (G+f+kP 20 © +P 4k 420 4h K+ KZ Vi ABC + BAx = 180° = cos ABC = ~cos BAx *Nen: -cosB ; tuong tu. F.K = -cos€ Git co Hinh 49 (S) (6) (*) oo 7) Hinh $0 a)381. 382. (1) tuong dung véi 342 (-cosA - cosB ~ cosC) > 0 3 <> cosA + cosB + cosC < 3 xily ra > ABC déng dang véi tam gide ¢6 cic canh bing vée to don vi <> AABC déucs A =B =C =60° 1 cosA + cosB + cosC = 5 + Nv NI= a Nie b) *) Goi M Ia trung diém BC AB + AC = 2AM AB - AC = CB | AB + AC| = 2|AM|= 2AM | AB.- AC| =|CB|= Trung tuyén AM = ; BC => AABC vudng tai A **) Theo gid thiét : u vung géc v ta cé : (AB + AC)(AB + CA)=0 <> (AB + AC\AB ~ AC) ° AB’ - AC =0= AB=AC Vay AABC Ia tam gide can tai A a) AG - BG =DC <> AC+CB=DC @ AB=DC Vay tit gidc ABCD 12 hinh binh hanh. b) DB = mDC + DA @ DB- DA = mDC > AB=mDC a) Néu m = 1, tit gide ABCD 1a hinh binh hanh b) Néu m # 0, m # 1 thi ttt giée ABCD, theo thi ty ay 1a hinh thang. a) Dat AD=a ; AB=b «am-tac-! (dy * AN = AD + DN (2) * MB = AB- AM G3) * MN = AN - Al (4) Tacé : MB.MN FpOb- awa +b) = gor +367 4 84.6) 43a? +0) =0 (do a vung géc b va |a|=|b|). Vay MB.MN =0 195383. 196 <= MB wudng goc MN (S) * MB Hoe ~a)? =i * MN? ra +b) = => MB = MN. Vay ABMN vuong can tai M * MN = BN ~ BM = BC + 3 CN - BM.= BC + SBA -BM * MA.MN = (BA ~ BM)(BC + 3BA - BM) = =~ - Vay MA vuong géc MN * AC =BC - BA * AE = AB + BE = AB+ 4BC al win Iya _ 255 lag ge + GAC = SAB + 3(AB + AD) = AB+ 4A * Al = A+ Bi = AB+kBF = AB + k(BC + CF) = AB+k(AD+ 4a) Hinh SI hy : = (1+ SAB + kab Q@ * Vi Alva AE cing hw4ng nen tir (1) va (2) tacé : k te, tz ok FAs - eke 1 I 3 -, ‘ x e 6 3- Tir (2) va (3) tacé: AT = AB + 3h? B) alr * Mat khae : Cl = AT- AC ma AC = (AB + AD) 654 2x5 sim. ! 3 = ZAB + [AD ~ (AB + AD) = SAB ~ ZAD *Goia 6 dai canh hinh vung : 655 25n\lan 3 = (SA + Zab)(Lan—3 Al. Chiing t6°AI L CI nén AIAC vudng tai I.384. * Goi I va J lan luot 1a trung diém cua AD va BC. ys 38: Theo gid thiet OA + OB 4 OC + OD =0a “ 201+ OF) =6 ° <> 0.1, J thang hang (1) AOAD can tai O => OL L AB Q) AOBC cain tai O => OF L BC (3) Tir (1), (2), (3) suy ra: AD // BC i * Tuong ty, ta ching minh duge AB // CD Hinh 52 * Vay ttt gide ABCD ndi tigp duoc trong dudng tron, nen ttt gide ABCD Ia hinh chét nhat a) Goi O 1a giao diém AC va BD, theo gi thiét ta c6 : FF =) MB +MD- MA’ + MC 1 (MA ~ MC)? + (MA + MC)? (CA? + 4MO7) (1) [(MB — MD)” + (MB + MD: * Ma AC=BD do tt gidc la hinh binh hanh * Tir (1) va (2) : Hinh binh hanh cé hai dung chéo bang nhau => hinh binh hanh ABCD Ia hinh chit nhat (dpem). b) Ja + bf =la — b] Binh phuong = peo? +4MO*) (2) vé va nit gon ta duge : a.b =0 = a vuong géc b Hinh binh hanh cé hai canh vudng géc véi nhau => 1a hinh chit nhat * Chit C6 thé gidi cich khae = AC =AB+AD > |AC|=|AB+ AD| © |AC|=|a +b] DB = AB- AD => |DB|=|AB- AD| 7 © |DB/=|a- bj Hinh binh hanh cé hai dudng chéo bing nhau nén 1a hin chit nhat (dpem) c)Tacé: AC = AB+ AD BD = AD - AB * AC.BD = (AB + AD)(AD - AB) = AD? - Al * AG.BD =| a? |< AC.BD = m.n Vay |b? —a?| A= b) tan(180° ~ x) - cot(90" ~ x) = 1. Hai géc bit nhau cé sin bing nhau, cos d6i nhau nén tan(180° - x) = - tanx ; cot(90" ~ x) = tany => -2tanx = | = cotx = -2. Khi dé 1 + tan?x = 25 => cosx = +" => tanx = sin’x 5 TH2: sinx 3sinx +2cosx _3tanx+2_3.242_ 8 387. tanx = 2. Tacé B= = = cosx~3sinx 1—3tanx —1-3.2 $ S 2, 4 ft 3 2, va C = 3cos’x ~ 4sinxcosx + Ssin’x = cos’ x(3 - 4tanx + Stan”x) I 1+ tan’ 388, « D = sinAsinBsinC > 0 vi sinA > 0 ; sinB > 0 ; sinC > 0. GB- Atanx + Stan’x) = LG ~ 4.245.4)= Bex «Bs ent con Beare >Ovi cos 20; cos >0; cos © >0. 3 2 2 2 = 2 + F = cosAcosBcosC > 0 <> AABC cé 3 géc nhon. F osAcosBeosC < 0 <> AABC cé | géc 1a ti (hode A, hodc B, hodc C) osAcosBcosC = 0 <> AABC cé | géc vudng. + G= tanAtanBtanC > 0 <> AABC cé 3 géc nhon. G = tanAtanBtanC < 0 <> AABC cé 1 géc 1a ta. 389.» Vix € [0 ;180°] nén 0 < sinx <1 > A=3 + 5sinx € [3 ; 8] +B=3- Deosx € IN; 5]. Bax = 5.69 x= 180°; B 2x + Qsinx = 1 = -3t? + 2 I véi t= sinx =lex=0°. nia + C= 2sinx + 3cos?x ~ 4 = -3si vate [0; 1]. + D = 3sinx + 4cosx theo Bunhiacopski : [Bsinx + 4cosx| < y{3? +4? Join? +cos*x}=5 198390. 391. 392. 393. 394. Vay -5 < 3sinx + 4cosx < 5. Dau ding thie xay ra khi ~* = tanx cosx 4 Néu lay sinx < 0, cosx < 0 thi D = ~S. Néu lay sinx > 0, cosx > 0 thi D = 5 + A= (tanx + cotx)” ~ (tanx ~ cotx)” = (tanx + cotx + tanx ~ cotx)(tanx + cotx - tanx + cotx) = (2tanx)(2cotx) = 4tanxcotx = 4 (diéu kién sinxcosx + 0). 6 6 (sin xX - cos x) 4 +B = X(sin*x + cos*x) ~ = 3(sin"x + cos"x) 2. 2, in 23 2sin”xcos”x] ~ 2[(sin"x + cos”x) ae a 2 3sin"xeos"x(sin"x + cos"x) = 3 ~ 6sin“xcos”x ~ 2 + 6sin"xcos"x = 1. 2 2 ee) «C =cos’xcot’x + 2cos"x — cot’x + sin’x 2 2 2 2 2 = cos x(cot™x + 1) - cot™x + cos"x + sin’x 1 -cotx+1= = cos"x. in?x 2 =b" +c" — 2becosa A> 90" <> cos < 0.207 >" +e" A= 90° cosa =0 > A<90° <2 cosA>0arb;a>c do vay ala canh Ion nhit A Ia géc én nhat Tacé: 2,22 222 bo + 0°) = 2b°c™ 2,2 2.2 2 2 2 => (a) <(b +c) @ a (a°) = (b? +07) - 3b7e°(b? +07) ey c= V125-100cos51° = 7,878. ? +07 — 2accosB = 7 + 16 — wWI-3)=2344N7 => b= ¥23+4V7. c)a” = b? +7 — 2becosA = 0,25 + 169 - 13c0s32° = 169,25 -13cos32° => a = y169,25-13cos32° = 12,579. b)b? = a) A = 180° — (33° + 60°) = 87° => —0_=_b__-_¢ sin87° sin33° sin60” >. b = S0Si033" 97,269 ; ¢ = OS 43,36. 7 sin87° sin87° 19913 10sin67°23' ——— sinB = —""" 2071 > B = 45,24" = 45°14 sin67°23' 13 => ©=180° - (67°23'45°14') = 67°23" = © = 13 (tam gide can) 3 7 ins elle = 0.666 sinl20° sinB 13 => B~41,759° =41°45 > =180°-(120° +41°45') = 18°15" 13sin 8°15" _ in 120 22.2 3 395. a) sa = b” +e" — IbecosA = 25 + 49-~ 2.5.7. = 32 > a= 42 3 4 cosA = 5 => sinA=—. w 4 B= 45° ws B= 135° loai vi > 90° + Skane = (6+ 2V2)16 - 2V2)(1+ 2V2)(2V2 ~ 1) = (36 = 818 = 1) = 196 + sinB = sind = B = 135° _2i- v2 - b) $= besina > sing = 8.65 8 3, A = 60° hore A = 120" 2 2 - 2becosA = 16 +9 - 12= 13 a= Vi3. 37. A= 120° = a? = b? +c” 2becosA = 16 +9 +12 = 37 Néu A=60°thiR 4.3N3 New A= 120° hi R=8% 43.37 _ 4S 4.33 2 2 > a’ +b’ — 2abcosC = 225 + 400 - 300 = 325 > c= 32: Ss pabsine . 150-2. = 55, abe _ ee sVi3 _ 5¥39 48 4753 v3.3 = 15093 195, 200398, 399. ers 2p 3545V13 19 GB.GC.sinG > BC + Sacac = _ 190V3_ 30% 35V3 -5V39 7413 6 CN =9 3 CG =6; BM =65G AGBC c6 BC? = GB* + GC? - 2GB.GC.cos 120° = 6° + 4° + 24 = 76 24 =6y3 dvdt => Saanc = 38aGne = 18V3 dvdt SAapp = Saape.= a) b= ccosA + acosC 1 A 3 chsin> + Saupe 1,6 +e)sin” =| besin >t 22 Hor sin’® 2 2 Tu B vé BH 1 AC, H nam trong doan AC (B vudng, B nhon, B ti) b= AC = AH + HC =ccosA + acosC H b=CH ~- AH b b) cotA = Ta co : cosA c) cotA + cotB + cotC = (b? +c? -a7)+(a? +b? -c*) +(a m ngoai doan AC (A tit ching han) sC + ccosA. 4s, —& +b), 201cosA + coB + cost a c *— 7b? +a°b? +a" = Lith! ct ab? vate? ve! 2abe atbte _2p_p 28 2S prot s Ss 401, £=™ c> cm, =b.m, < c’m?=b'm; b Theo dinh ly vé dudng trung tuyén ta cé : abc? =2mz + a 2(a° +c*)b? = 4b’m, +b! a? +b? = 2m? +S 2(a? +b" )c? = 4e"m2 +c" a2(b? ~c?) => b? +c" = 2a”, Tri hai ding thtic cho nhau tacé : b* +c* br+c?- 4S Theo bai 399.b : cotA = atc 4S 48 402, Tir cotA = 2cotB = 3cotC thi cotA, cotB, cotC > 0 (vi néu c6 géc tit thi chi 6 géc cot dé IA s6 am). cotB + cotC = 2cotA . cotA > 0. >Oe@bd 4c >a A <0 Tuong tu: B< 90°; C< 90°. b?+c?- 4s, cotA = 2cotB. 2,2 42 2 2 2 2 bo +c°-a = 2a" + 2c" - 2b 3a t+ 2 cot = 3cotC > b? +07 - a” = 2a? + 2b? - 2c? €> da? + db? = de™ 202404, 405. 406. 407. Vay ta c6 Ap dung hang ding thtic : OA + OB + OC = 30G, 2ABAC = AB? + AC? ~ BC? Ta cd : 90G" = OA” + OB" + OC? + {OKOB + OAOE + OBOC) <2 9GO" = OA” + OB’ + OC? + (OA? + OB? - AB’) + (OA? + 0C? - AC’) + (OB? + OC? ~ BC’) = 9R? - (a? +b” +") Cho AABC noi tigp dung tron (O,R), ngoai tiép dudng tron (1,1). Ke Al kéo dai gap duong tran 6 D. ABID cin (hoa ACID can). Ta c6 : IAD = 1A.BD ma IA = aa va BD = 2Rsin = IAID = 2Rr sin Ké dudng thang IO : IA.IB = ‘0? +R? - 2Rr = R(R - 2r) > Ol = 2Rr Theo dinh Ii Eule : 3 diém tam dudng tron ngoai tiép O, trong tam G va truc tam H cla AABC nam trén mot dudng thing vi OH = 30G => OH = 30G a+b te? =o => OH= J9R +b’ +c’). Cho A, B. Tim qui tich M ma MA? + MB? = 2AB? Ma OG? OH? = 90G? = 9R? - (a? +b? +7) Goi O 1 trung diém AB: MA? + MB? = 2MO? + eS =2AB? <> 2MO? = 2a <2 MO* i => 2MO = ae Vay M ¢ dudng tron tam O ban kinh R 1a dudng cao cia A déu ma canh 1a AB. Cho A, B. Tim qui tich M ma MA? + 2MB° = 2AB? Chia AB lam 3 phin bing nhau béi I va K. 2 Taco MA? + MK? = 2MP’ + 32 aa) 2 MI? + MB? = 2MK? + 32 an) 2\3 2032 . 2 4 2,.,) MA? + MK? + 2MI° + 2MB? = 2MI° + 4MK? + (2 An MA? + 2MB* 2,2.) 3MK* + 3 AB™ 2,2 2 2 3MK> + Se = 2AB™ => 3M! K = 2AB. 3 2 K fa diém 66 dinh vay M € dugng tron tam K bin kinh MK = > AB 408, Hai trung tuyén BM va CN cila AABC vuéng géc <2 cotgA = 2(cotgB + cotgC) A : : 2c? +a7)-b* AABC €6 3 canh Ia a, b, ¢ thi BM = m, = ———7———— (m, tad dai trung tuyén nuk it phat tir dinh B) Ta c6 cotA = Vay cota = 2(cotB + cotC) a? 2 a7 +c7-b? a7 +b™ ec") @ be sinB_b 409, a) Theo dinh Ii ham s6 sin: “"% 2 va cosa = since ee sinB by b+ 2 6 SOB e2cosA oo 2a2 2 te 8 5 Do dé SPE =2cosA eo 2-2 =F cob ec? =a” = AABC can OB. b) S=p(p-a) oS? = p(p - ap - bp-c) =p(p-a © plp~ a) = (p - b)(p = ¢) € pa — pb — pe + be = 0 2 plb +e ~a) ~ be =O. (a+b + c)(b +c ~a) - be =0410. 411. erib4cy —a'- 2be Verb +e = AABC c6 A = 90" s Cra ty —th— eS tht te aly [<5 a _ td, peeepeb p-pra c p-a p (p-bp-e) p(p-a) a > 1s ~ 9 p(p-a)=(p~b ) (po biped” plpaay © PP = LP PMP € Theo CM tren thi SABC wong 6 A 6 ayh, +h, +h, 9. = or Newh, +h, +h, = 91 => a=b=c => AABC IAA déu byt try tres ___ ag Soy atp-b+p-c op =p-ce>a=b=c ¢ AABC déu. bee-a Maa? = b” +7 - 2becosA => 2cosA = 1 => cosA = Tira = 2beosA => a =b => AABC déu sind a) Néu 2cosBsin€ = sinA thi =" = 2cosB. Theo bai 409e => ABC can sin dinh A. . a> Hoie 2cosBsinC = sind < 2. o> ae +@ {sia + sin = 2sinc b cosA + cosB = 2cosC ~ 2ab atb=2c oa > 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a(b* +c? ~a*) + b(a? +e? —b?) = 2e(a? +b? -c*) atb=2c — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a(b? +c? —a?) —a(a? +b? —c?) + bla? +e? —b*) — bla? +b?412. a a 414, 415. 416. 206 atb=2c ° © a(c? ~a7) + b(c? — b*)=0 a+b=2c ab? +a°b-a* —b')=0 2c atb=2c atb=2 ° 7 7 ° ab a(a +b) =(a+ ba” —ab+b°)=0 (a-by =0 Vay AABC déu. a) Dudng tron dudng kinh BC di qua C va B' nén AB.AC = AC..AB =-7A/(BC). Dudng tron duémg kinh CH di qua B' va A’ nén AH.AA' = ABLAC =.7/A/(CH). Duong tron dudng kinh BH di qua C va A‘ nén AH.AA' = AC.AB' =-7A/(BH). => -PA|(BC) = PAI(CH) = -PA/(BH). b) Duong tron dudng kinh BC di qua B’ va C’ nén ta c6 PA(BC) HB.HB' = -HC.HC’. Dudng tron duéng kinh AC di qua A’ va C’ nén ta cé -PH/(AC) = -HA.HA' HC.HC’. Dudng tron dudng kinh BA di qua B’ va A‘ nén ta cé ”7H/(BA) = -HA.HA' = -HB.HB' Vay H/(BC) = 7H/(AB) = -7H/(AC), ¢) PA'(ABC) = A‘A.A‘D= A’B.A‘C. Nhung H va D déi xting nhau qua BC nen A‘D=~A‘H. Do d6.7A'(ABC) = —A'H.A'A = A‘A.A‘H =-~A'B.A‘C (dpem). . Taco MA.MB = (MO + OA)(MO + OB) = (MO + OA)(MO - OA) =MO™ - OA” = MO?- RR? = Poy: Duong trdn ngoai tiép AMAB cat dugg thing c6 dinh MO 6 diém M’. Khi dé OM.OM* = OA.OB = —R® dodé M'cé dinh trén OM va khic phia vi M Ta cé OM' = OM Araya) = MA? ~ 16 Aji.) = MB" - 9 Theo du bai MA? + MB? - 25 = 15 => MA? + MB = 40 Theo bai tip 406 M € dudng tran tam O (trung diém AB) bin kinh R= + J80-64 =2. SM.SN = k. Tir Sha SH 1 A. TiN vé NK 1 SM. Ta cé MHKN 18 tit gidc ndi tigp. Do dé SM.SN = SH.SK =k. => SK khong d6i = K c6 dinh.417. 418. 419. 420. 42 422. 423. Vay N © dudng tron dudng kinh SK (trir diém S). Palo lai lay N’ © dung tron dung kinh SK, néi SN’ cat A tai M’ + SM.SN'=k HS ty lam. Tit gide MNKH noi tiép dudng tron dudng kinh MK =» ON.OM = OK.OH Trong tam gic vuéng MOA cé AN li dung cao nen: OA? = ON.OM Vay ON.OM = OH.OK =R*. a) Ké AH 1 BC cat dudng tron tai D, ta.cé : MHDN noi tiép => AM.AN = AH.AD. Trong AABD ta cé AH.AD = AB’. Vay AM.AN = AB? = Tich dé khong phu thudc vao vi tri M b) Qua BMN xc dinh mot dudng tron. Dudng tron cit AB tai B' thi AM.AN = AB.AB' =AB’ = B' = B. Vay AB Ia tiép tuyén cia dung tron (BMN) tai B. Vi AB= AC nén ta ciing cé6 AC’ = AM.AN => AC Ia tiép tuyén cla dung tron (CMN) tai C. PM.PM' = PA’.PA (do AM’MA' ndi tiép). AM.AN = AA’.AP (A’MNP noi tiép dung tron dudng kinh AN) AM\AN = AA‘.AP (A’MN'P noi tigp dudng tron dung kinh A‘N’) Vay AM.AN = A'M’.A'N' nén MNN'M' ndi tiép. . a) Xét tam gidc vuong APB => AB? = AP.AP* AAQB => AB? = AQ.AQ' => AP.AP' = AQ.AQ! => PQQ'P' la ti gide noi 2 tiép Khi 7a 40) = 7ajparay = AB b) BP.BQ=k* => a) AT = AT’ = AB.AC khong déi => T va T’ thudc dudng tron tam A bin kinh R = JABAG b) AP.AM = AO? - OC? =.7A/(0 ;0C) a) OD = 12; OH=4 => HD = V2? 4° = v128 =8V2 ;cD= 16 V2 Vay AD = VAH? - HD? = v16? +128 = ¥384 =8V6 PAO) = -HD? = -128 b) Tir I va H nhin OE dudi géc vuong => AIHE thugc dudng tron dugg kinh AE nén OH.OA = OE.OI = --70/(AE) = -48 3 ne Trong AOI ta cé OL = y/12? -(4V6) = V48 = 4V3 => O01 = ~48 = OE.01 = 48 > OF = 4%. - Jag = oF Vas 207424, a) AB.AH = AM.AM' (vi HBMM' ndi tiép dudng tron dudng kinh BM’) AB.AH = AN.AN? (vi HBNN' noi tip dudng tron dudng kinh BN’) b) Vi ABMN « (O) > AM.AM’= AN.AN' => MM'NN' noi tigp dung tron. Do dé tacé. HM.HN = HM‘. HN‘ c) HS tw lam 425, a) Xét AOEM (hay OFM) ta cé DM.OR = OE” b) Cho R = 20 ; OH = 6:MB=8 Pao) = MA.MB 320 => MO? - R? = 320 => MO? = 320 + 202 = 720 => MO = 12V5 c) Tir K va H déu nhin MF dudi géc vuong => MKHI noi ti¢p => OK.OM = OH.OI 426. a) FA = 18; FD = 3; BC= 15 6 peas => FB=6;FC=9 FBFC = FAFD = 54-40) b) FE.FM = FA.FD = —2qm) : FB-FC = FA.FD = —4oamy => FB.FC = FM.FE c) EB.EC = EO? -R = OE 1a dudng kinh. Ts Vi OHEM ndi tiép => EH.EO = EF.EM d) Vay EB.EC = EH.EO = EF.EM = EA? e) Dudng tron AMF théa man EA® = dudng tron AFM tai A 427. a) AB=8;R=5;O0C=15; Pcyoy = CA.CB = OC? - R? = ; = 200 Do dé CB(CB + 8) = 200 => CB” + 8CB = 200 => CB = 6V6 -4 > CA = 6V6+4 b) Xét CMO wuong & M ta cé CM? = CH.CO va CM” = CH.CO = -%ej0).p) Tit gidc OHPI noi tip => CH.CO = CP.CF c °A.CB = CP.Ci : ViA;B;C;1c6 dinh = P cé dinh. Vay H thuge dudng trdn dudng kinh CP. Khi dudng tron i Q bién thien vin qua AB -EM © EA 1 tiép tuyén cia c) Trong tam cia AAHB nam trén IH va 1G = 3 ‘ii Noi H voi trung diém cia CP 1a E ta cé HE = ¢ khong déi 208428. 429. 430. Tir G vé GK // HE ; IK = +E ;GK= SHE => K 6 dinh, GK khong déi = G thudc dudng tron tam K ban kinh e 6 OE.OF =R? = OE va OF cing chiéu nén OE.OF = R* thi OE R. Tir E ké dL OC cat (0) tai M va N. Khi dé OE.OF = R? = OM? => AOMF vuéng tai M nghia 1a FM 1a tiép tuyén cia dudng tron (O ;R) Khi 46-40) = -EM? t-4p(0) = CM Trong AOMC ta cé : 1 KO) a) E=H) =C = BEF + BCF =180° BCFE noi tiép c AE. AB = AH* ; AF.AC = AH? => AE.AB = AF.AC BEFC noi tiép. Mat khéc AEHF 18 hinh chit nhat nén EF luon di qua trung diém K cia AH b) M 1a giao cia dudng trdn dudng kinh AH v6i dudng tron (ABC) nén AM la truc ding phuong cua 2 dudng tron (AH) va (ABC) ; EF 1a truc ding phuong ciia dudng tron (AH) va dudng tron (BEFC) ; cdn BC 1a truc ding phuong ctia 2 dudng tron (ABC) va (BEFC). Giao cita EF va BC 12 I nghia la : Vi Le EF = Ayan = “ecrey Te BC > Ayapc) = Aecre) => Aan) = Pac) = 1 € AM = BC ; EF ; AM déng quy tai I c) Khi A, Hc6 dinh, B va C thay déi, duémg tron (BCFE) thay déi nhung Paces) = AH? Khong d6i khong déi p 2 va -Zuypcre) = -KH" = — Vay AK luon 1a truc ding phuong ciia céc duéng tran dé Duong thing AH cé A ngoai dudng tron, H 6 trong duéng tron (BCFE) nen AH cit dudng tron (BCFE) tai 2 diém M, N. Khi d6 APmnacee) = 7n/Bcre) = 9 Vi the moi dudng tron (BCFE) déu phai di qua M va N. Ta chon trugng hop AABC vudng can dé vé dudng tron (BCFE) cit AH tai M va N thi M va N duge xc dinh hon toan a) AB = 12; AST = 60° => AO =6 ; SO= 12; SA= 6V3 = SC = 12¥3 = AC = 18 =» DC= 12 > BC=6 Poy = CB.CA = 6.18 = 108 b) Xét ASCD c6 CA va DT a 2 chiéu cao => O [a truc tam cia ASCD 209431. 432. 433. 210 => SO 1 DC. c) SO L AT tai M = khi S di chuyén trén tip tuyén tai A thi M thude dudng trdn dudng kinh AO (tris O va A) d) PQ la truc ding phuong ciia 2 dudng trdn (SOI) va (O) Arson = MS.MO =-MA™ ; Po) = MA.MT = -~MA™ = Pyyo) > M € PQ CLCO 9.12 _ Cs 123 _ALAO 9.6. _ 45 AS Vay AA’ = CC’ =3¥3 HS tu lam, a) 7g(ADM) = BD.BM 5 Ze apm) = CM-CD = Paap) + 7o(ADM) = BD-BM + CM.CD = BM(BD + CD) = b) Tacé : BE.BA = BD.BM => BE = BO-BM BA CF.CA = CD.CM = Cr = CM CA BE _BD.BM CA__ BD CA _ BA CA =| = BE M CF BA CD.CM “CD BA BA => BE = CF ©) Ta c6 GO? ~ R? = Fey ancy ‘Theo bai 403 ta c6 GO? = R? aR = Fonaacy= gable ce Xét ADEF : cde duén_ cao CC’; DD! ; FF’ cé H 1A truc tam ; diém AC. Dutmg tron dung kinh AC chita C > 7yy,qac) = HC-HC* Dudng tron dudng kinh BD c6 tam N va chita D' => 744,Rp) = HD.HD* M 1a trung Dudng tron dudng kinh EF 6 tam P va chita F => Aygp) = HP.HF’ Py bang nhau déi véi 3 dudng tron dudng kinh AC ; BD va EF vi HC. HC’ = HD.HD' = HF.HF* Xét ABCE cé truc tim H' > Ay bang nhau véi 3 dudng tron dudng kinh AC ; BD ; EF => HH' a truc ding phuong cia 3 duéng tran dé => HH’ 1 MN; HH’ L MP; HH’ 1 NP = M,N, P thang hang.434, 435. Goi 3 chan duéng cao cha tam gide 1a A’, BY, C Goi 3 trung diém 3 canh 1a M,N, P. Goi 3 trung diem cua AH, BH, CH 1a Q, K, T Taco PN //BC va PN = | BC | > PNKT 1a hinh binh hanh | KT//BC vaKT = 5 1 2 > PK // AA’; NT J AA’ => PK L KT => PNKT thuge dung tron dudng kinh KN va duéng tron nay chita them B'; C' va A’ Vay 7 diém A’, PLN, T.K, B',C thuge 1 dung tron Tuong tw NMQK cing [a hinh chit nhat nen noi tiép dudng tron dudng kinh NK. Vay 9 diém cuing thuge I dugng tron Tam ¢ vi trung dudng trdn chin diém 1a trung diém doan fe trung diém | canh Jiém doan néi truc tim va dinh déi dign canh dy a) ViG IA trong tam AABC nén véi moi M ta cé: MA + MB + MC =3MG Chon M = O 18 tim ca dung tron GBC. Khi dé : OA + OB + OC =30G vai OB = OC = OG=R DA? + OB? + OC? + 20A.0B + 20A.0C + 208.06 OA? +R? +R? 4 (OA? + OB’ ~ AB’ +.0A7+0C7- AC? + OB? + OC? - BC’) OA? + 6R? - (AB? + AC? + BC’) : => OA? — R?) =a? +b? +c? > OA?- Vay = 7aceo) = Tuong tt: Ay(Gacy = Vay Paco) + 7aGAC + AeyGAB)=# +b" +e? BIL sci P e ‘GHABC) GHABC) 21436. 437. 212 Fave) 9 “@ +b +e) Ding dinh If dudng trung tuyén ta cé : GA? +GB? +GC? ate? +b? +c"). Theo inh ly Ole : AH = 201. AAEC vuéng can C= 45° => AB = dudng tron. Vay :R= & ma AB=VAE? +BE? =avl0 Vay :R =aV5. O 1a tam duémg tron nén = ot = VR? = BP = 5a? — ay? Vay : AH = 2a => HEOI la hinh vuong canh a. a) Vay : 4440) = HO ~ a? -(aV5)? = -4a’. Ciing theo Ole : GO =tH0 = GO? a nén: a Fey0) = GO* - 5 3 E : b) N6i AO cat EC tai F. Theo Talét thi : EF = z HO= 2 (F la trung diém EC) Ta lai'eé : A vudng AKF, A vuéng AEF => AK = 2AF. 2 Vay AK? = 4AF” = 4(AE? + EF’) = 4(9a" + 45a" Ma ko) = AK” 1) © Truc toa do (hay cdn goi tit 18 truc) [A mot dudng thing, tren dé c6 xac dinh mot diém O va mot vecta don vi i (| i] =1 don vi dai) > oO Hinh 53 # Cho vecto a nam trén truc (Oi) thi c6 86 xyxde dinh dé a = xyi. $6 Xq goi 1a toa dé cilia vecto a trén truc.438. 439, 440. 441. * Cho diém M nim t thi cé s6 x, xite dinh dé O1 toa do cia diém M trén truc. thi x, goi la 2) © Tren hinh 54 Li hé true toa do Oxy hay (0:45 3) wei 0) Mat phing chifa he truc Oxy goi la mat jie t vai Hinh 54 phing toa do. ing toa do néu u = xit+yj thicadp sé (x;y) go la toa do © Trong mat pl clia vecto U va ki higu 1a d= (x;y) hode U(x ;y), sO thi nha gor 1a hoanh dd, s6 thir hai goi 1a tung dé cia vecto u * Trong mat phing toa do méi diém M c6 vecto OM, ching han OM =(x sy) thi (x;y) goMa toa do cita diém M va ki higu 1d M = (x;y) hay M(x; y). Nhu vay M(x; y) < OM. ete Gye ites a2-= (xp sy2) 2 a2 = XQ +yQ) Vaya viet sie (are = (x) 4x2 391 + y2) b) Ching minh tuong ty c) Tich v6 huéng art ade =(mi+ yi)(eai+yni = X1X2 + y1¥2 (do a) a = (x;y), B = (x's y’) cling phuong ea b) a= (iy) = fa] = yx? + y? e) cos(a,b) = Vay a Lb > xx’ +yy’ =0 a) AB = (x5 ~Xqi¥a—Ya) rast 2 2 ») |AB) = View — xa)? + (va - yal a) Tabiét MA KMB nén xq —xy =k(xp—-xm) @xM(I-K)=x,q —kxp, 213: x nén xy =~ b) Trong AABC goi M 1a trung diém cia AB, G IA trong tam thi G GM GA = 2GM => GA = Trude hét ta ching minh GA + GB +GC =0 That vay theo quy tic hinh binh hanh ta c6 GB + GC = 2GM, nen GA + GB +GC Ti GA +GB+GC =0 © GO +0A + GO + OB + GO + 0C OA + OB + OC B M ( Hinh SS <> OA +0B+0C = 306 06 3 Chonn xg = 2At%a+¥e typ + yo = 24 Yn yc 442. a) a = 3(1; 2) —2(-1;0) + (133) = (459) b = 3(0;2)-(-1;3) = (133) €=(132)-(-1s 0) + A153) = 0:8) 31 = 0,9968 * Yor io 72 72 — = 3 9,8489.8 OE 2983 = 09487 d) p am + Bn = (-1;3) = a(l 2) + B(-1 0) a=1,5 ° B=2,5 214443. a) AB = (2:2), AC = (5;-1),ta 06 3 x, nen AB va AC khong cin; phutong, vay 3 diém A, B, C 1a ba dinh cita mot tam gic b) BC = (3; ~ 3), AB = (2:2), AC = (S;~ I) nen BC = V9+9 = 3V2 AB = 2V2, AC = V25 +1 = V26 Vay chu vi ctia AABC 1a: p = 2V2 + 3V2 + J26 = 5V2 + V26 (dvd) Tir ching minh tren, ta c6 BC? = 18, AB? = 8, AC? = 26 => BC? + AB? = AC? (18 +8 = 26) nen AABC vuong tai B. Vay Sapo = BARC = gn222 = 6 (dvdt) 444. Goi toa do cic dinh 18 A(x, sya). B(xg i ¥B):C(Xc syc)- Do Mj (x), y;) la trung diém cia BC nen: x, = maete oy - YptYe aa (2) . ; a Xa +X Tuong tu voi M3 (x2, y2), M3(Xx3, ¥3) tacd: x2 = “ASS 8) y= A¥e a) = 2a? Xp xa (5) 2 ASB ¥3= 2 (6) Xptxe = 2x) [xq =-x) +XQ Hy Két hop (1), (3), (5) tac he PT {xq + x¢ = 2x7 <9 {xy =X] —X2 +5 Kat Xp =2xy [xc =x) +x 3 Tuong ty ta tim duge yy =-y) +y2 + ¥3 YB =Y1~Yo+¥3 Yo =¥1+¥2-¥3 M 448. Cach I. Lay mot hé truc Oxy sao cho cl O =A, canh AB nam trén truc Ox, canh AC nam trén truc Oy (h. 56) : Ta c6 toa do diém A; 0), BU; 0) CO; 1) => AC =(0;1), AB =(1;0) O=A 1 Bx nén BA = (-1;0),CB=(1;-1) Hinh 56446. 447. 448, 216 KC.CB + CB.BA + BAAC =(05 1X0 5-14 (1s DCU 0)4(-1:0)030 =(-1I)+(-I)+0 = Cach 2: AC.CB + CBBA + BA.AC = -CA.CB ~ BC.BA - AB.AC = -CA.CBcosC — BC.BAcosB — AB.AC.cos A * = -1.V2.cos45° - y2.1.cos45° - 1.1c0s90° ae at = a) Phuong trinh sing. quat cia fo thing : Ax + By + C = 0. Vecto php tuyén n = (A;B) b) Phuong trinh dudng thing A di qua diém A(I;2) va cé vecto phép tuy€n (3;- 4) 18 (A) : (x = 1) - 4(y - 2) = 0 @ 3x -4y +5 = -2 c) AB = (xg —X, :¥p —Ya),nén n 1a vecto phdp cia dung thing AB thi nL AB => n= (yp —ya.xq -Xp) Vay phuong trinh cia duéng thang (AB) : (yp ~ya)(x-xa)+ (Xa -XB)(¥-¥a)= 4) Phuong trinh téng quat cia duéng thing la Ax + By + C = 0 *) Dung thing A; song song véi truc hoanh thi vecto j = (0; 1) 1a mot vecto phap tuyén, nén (A)):y +¢ =0. Truc hoanh cé phuong trinh ; y = 0 **) Tuong tu dudng thing song song vdi truc tung cé phuong trinh x +c =0. Truc tung cé phuong trinh x = 0. #4) Dutng thing di qua géc toa d6 (0 ; 0) nén c6 phuong trinh Ax + By = 0. By B, A, BG $A D= gle ct ALB LG vO 3 : 8) Ta biét vecto phép ciia dutng thing (d) 1a n = (A; B) M’ d6i xing véi M qua (d) thi MM’ 1 (4) nen MM?//n Goi (x’y sy‘) 18 toa do cia diém M' thi ta cé : Al A, cit Ay Sb © A, cat Ay Ay * By TMM = B(x’ -xm)- A(y'M -ym)=0 Goi H 1 giao diém cia MM" va (d) thi H 18 trung diém cla MM" nén toa a XM +X'M . YM +Y'M. dg cin Hn ( sam MS }449. He (d) nén taco A*M** “pm +C=0. Do dé toa do cla diém M' la nghiém cia hé PT [Blew xm) ~ AQM ~ ys) = 0 , . « Xm +%M M+*+YM = |a 2 +B 3 +C=0 b) Goi toa do diém M' 1a (x'\y : y’yy), dp dung cong thie (*) ta c6 piMih 92 -5=0 2(x'm —1)-3(y'm +2) =0 Ox'y ~3y'm -8=0 fe + 2y'y -11=0 = Zz Giai hé phuong trinh nay ta duge x'y -3y M = = iém M'c6 toa do M’( 22. 2. Vay diém M89 49 ME 2) N a) Ta cé diém P(xy ; yy) Ed Xp + 2yy -6=0 A Diém Q(x;,y,) ndm phia trén (d) @ x, +2y,-6>0 a) Diém R(x, y2) nim phia dudi (d) <> x) +2y,-6<0 Diém M(5 ; 5) ta cé 5+25-6>0 © M(S ; 5) nim phia trén (d). Tuong tr N diém N(1;4) cing nim phia trén (d). Hay ndj khéc di hai diém M, N nim K cing mot nita mat phang bd 1a dudng thang (d) (h.57a). Voi mot diém A bat ki N @ thuéc (d) thi ta luén luén co b) |AM - AN| < MN. Hinh 57 Vay |AM - AN| In nhat khi va chi khi A, M, N nam tren mot dung thing, khi dé |AM — AN| = MN. Trong trudng hop nay A Ia giao diém cia MN va (d) = Phuong trinh duéng thing MN x-l_y-4_ aac Fo pcg Pt Ay tIS=0 217450. x+2y-6=0 Toa dé ciia A Ia nghiém ca hé PT x-4dy+15=0 Bin wis Vay diém A phai tim 1a af b) Goi N' [a diém déi xting véi N qua (d), néi N'M né cat (d) tai A thi A 1A diém phai tim (HS ty ching minh diéu nay) (h.57b) 2x'n -1)- (yn - 4) = 0 Theo bai tap 448 ta cé > xy + 2yy -3=0 noo ps Saeed. |pileaq YN “5 Phuong trinh dutng thing qua hai diém M, N' : 17x ~ 26y + 45 = 0. Toa do cia diém A 1a nghiém cita hé phuong trinh : 133 : K= e260 30 17x = 26y +45 = 0 47 »* 60 ‘ 47 Vay toa do cita diém A I 3 Tir B ké BB’ 1 (d), B'e AC dé dang c6 B' 1a diém déi xing voi diém B qua (d). Tuong ty C’ déi xting v6i C qua (4). A Goi toa d6 ca B 1a (x'y y's") Theo bai tap 448 ta c6 : _ I . iS @ Hinh 88 Vay BY(-5; Tuong tu ta tim duge toa dé cia C’(-2 ; - 3). Vay dudng thing AB di qua hai diém B va C’, dung thing AC di qua hai diém C va BY :451. 452. 453. ‘Ta 6 phuong trinh cac canh ctia AABC AB: 6(x +2) = Hy + 3) = 0 € 6x —3y +3 =0 o> 2x-yH1=0 AC: x +5) Hy +3) = 069 3x - Ty -6=0 BC : Xx —2) + ly - 0) =0 3x ty -6 Ta biét tam dudng tron ngoai tiép AABC | true ciia ba canh eta tam gide dé Goi (A) la dudng tung true cua canh BC thi A; di qua A’ va vung gée véi BC, ma BC’//BC, nén (Ay) L BC’ suy ra BC! la BC’ = (2; ~6), nén (Ay): 20x — 1) - Oy - 1) = 0 2 2x -by+4=0e9x~3y+2=0 Ja giao diém cia ba dudng trung 16 phip cita (Ay) Tuong tur goi (Az) 12 dung trung true ciia canh AB thi phuong trinh Ay) ix + 3y-8=0 Toa do tam O cita dudng tron ngoai tigp AABC 14 nghiém cia hé phuong x23 -3y+2=0 inh {SY * ra x+3y-8=0° Jy 5 Vay toa do tam O18 (3 : 3) Dé dang tim duge toa do cia 3 diém A(1; 2), B(3; 4), C(-1; 5) xty-3=0 Phuong trinh dudng cao AH cia AABC 12 Phuong trinh dudng cao BH cia AABC Ii: 2x ~ 3y +6 = 0 Toa dé truc tim H 1A nghiém cia hé phuong trinh (eae on(2 2) 2x 3y +6 =0 ; Truong hop |: Dudng cao va dudng trung tuyén ké tir A Toa do dinh A 1a nghiém cua h¢ phuong trinh 2x - 3y +12 =0 {> +3y =0 Phuong trinh dudng thang chita canh AC) :3x + 7y-5=0 Duong thing BC L AH nén cé vecto BHM c shap tuyén n = (3; 2) Hinh 59 Vay phuong trinh dudng thing chifa canh (BC) : (x ~ 4) + y +1) = 0 <2 3x+2y-10=0 Toa do diém M 1a nghiém cita he phuong trinh [2x +3y=0 [3x + 2y -1 => A(-3; 2) M6; -4 o” ( ) 219454. 45 * 220 Suy ra toa do cita diém B(8 ; - 7) Vay phuong trinh dudng thang chtta canh (AB) : 9x + 1ly +5 =0. Trudng hop 2. Dudng cao va trung tuyén xust phat tir B thi phuong trinh dudng thing (AB) : 9x + Ily +5 =0. Phuong trinh dudng thing BC 1a phuong trinh dudng thing (AC) cia tring hop (1) nén (BC) : 3x + 7y -5 = 0 Phuong trinh dudng thing (AC) 1a phuong trinh dudng thing (BC) ciia trugng hop 1, nén (AC) : 3x + 2y -10 = 0 a) Gia sit tim duge diém P(xy; yy) € (d) sao cho APMN can tai P * Do P(xy i yo) € (d) = x9 + ¥y9 —8 =0 * APMN can dinh P => PM = PN 2 2. 2 2 © (x0 =I) +(yo “IY = (x0 - 7)" + (0 ~5) Ta cé hé phuong trinh Xo + yy -8=0 . 2 2 2 2 (xo = 1) + (vo - IP = (0-7) + (yo - 5) > P26) b) Gia sit tim duge Q(x, ;y;) € (d) sao cho AQMN vudng tai Q. * Do Q(x; sy) € (d) => x; +y, -8 = 0 © AQMN vudng tai Q. Tacé: QM =(1-x,;1-y)) QN = (7-x):5-y1) Do QM 1 QN nén QM.QN = 0 = (1 -x,)(7-x,) +(I-y:)(5~y1) =0 Ta c6 hé phuong trinh " xp +y,)-8= xp=7 [xp fc ~x(7-m1) + (I-n (5-1) =0 > fr i f Vay taco hai diém Q : Q)(7; 1), Qo(2;6). Diém Q) = P. Goi hoanh do dinh A 1a x, A € (dj)nén x - y =0 => x =y nén A(x;x). PS cdc diém B, D thudc Ox nén A va C d6i xing nhau qua truc hoanh, nén = (x; -X). Mat khdc C € (dy) => 2x +(-x)-1=0>x=1. Vay A(1;1),C(1; - 1). Trung diém cia AC 1a (1; 0) I 1a tam hinh vuéng, nén IB = ID =IA = y(1-1)? +(1-0)" =1 “ b-=1 = * - freon =f: | of 0,b=2 De Ox Did ; 0) |a-1J=1 d=0,d=2 suy ra B(O; 0) va D(2;0) hoae B(2 ;0) va D(O;0).456. s N Vay 4 dinh cita hinh vuéng ABCD la A(1; 1), BOO ;0), CU; ~ 1) va D(2;0) hoac AC; 1D, B(2 ; 0), CU; ~ 1), DO; 0) aye AH Ay oo =1 >k 2 e Aci Ago Pelake2 (2;-D.n =(k;-1) 1 eA) Lay On Lay npn 1 ny-ny = 2k +1. Vay Ay L Ay @ 2k+1=0 k= 2 7 . 1 3 b) Trong trudng hop (A;) 1 (Ay) thi (Az) ~gk yz 0 Toa do giao diém cia (A)) véi truc hoanh : G(1; 0) Toa do giao diém ciia (Ay) véi truc hoanh : C(-3 ; 0) 1-8 a dd giao dié Ay) va (Az) 1a = ‘oa do giao diém cla (Aj) va (A>) 1a a | Tren (d3) lay diém B sao cho H [a trung diém cia BC thi (2 i 5 17 16) . 33 -‘8) va M(3 ; 0), Phuong trinh dudng thang (A3) phai tim di'qua ac{ (A3) : 16x + 2y - 48 = 0 Duong thing (A3) : 16x + 2y = 48 = 0 <> 8x + y - 24 = 0 chinh Ia dudng thang phai tim. That vay (A3),(4)) cat nhau tai A cé AABC, AH 1A trung tuyén di qua G, 2 . ta lai e6 CG = CM = CM 1a trung tuyén nén MA = MB, (dpem) a) Phuong trinh dudng thing qua hai diém A,B: (Az): 2x + 6y -18 = 0 b) Phuong trinh dudng thing A; qua A vung géc véi (Ay); (Ag): Ux -6) + y-H =0 © Ix+3y-15=0 Tuong tr (Ag): 2x + 3y -9 =0 = (A)M(As) Hinh 60 221458. 459. 460. 46: 462. 222 1. Vecto u 4 0 nim trén dudng thang hoac song song véi dudng thang do g0i li vecte chi phuiong ciia duéng thing Chang han dudng thing (A): Ax + By +C =0 thi vecto chi phuong u=(-B; A) 2. a) Phuong trinh cia dudng thing X= Xy tat 2.2 | owl te Ra? +b? 40 y=yYy tbe : b) Phuong trinh dudng thing A qua diém A(1;~1) va cé vecto chi: phuong = 143 Da) oe eR ye-l-t °) = (Xp > Xa t¥B~Ya) x =x, +(xp-Xa)t (AB) { A ( B a) teR =ya +(Ya~ya)l X= Xy tat wf On teRS az0.b40 y=yor br . . X= Xq Néu a =0 thi (A) c6 phuong trinh tham s6 va ¢6 phuong y=Yo + bt trinh t6ng quat 14 x = xo, khong ¢6 phuong trinh chinh tic - _ . {Xx Xytat Néu b = 0 thi (A) ©6 phuong trinh tham s6 vit c6 phuong y= Yo trinh téng quat y = yg, khong cé phuong trinh chinh tic (A) 13x + 4y 41 =0 = n= (3;4),0 = (-4;3), (A) di qua diém A(-3; 2). Vay phuong trinh tham s6 ctia (A) 1a = 3-41 x teR ly=2431 . 3_y- Phuong trinh chinh tic cia (A) : aa 2 _ _. : .a) (A): 2 = (152) => b) ns) ya-14m . 7 eens a fester. a) Xét vi tri tuong d6i cia hai dudng thing vax -2y 41-0 ly =-24t Céch 1 : Dua phuong trinh dudng thing x = 1+ 2t, y trinh téng quat dé xét vi trf tuong déi nhu da hoc. +20 —2+t 1421-2-24+0+1=0 “ 241 vé phuong jo phuong trinh x ~2y +1=0: Céch 2: Thay { v=463. 464. « Neu (*) vo nghiém thi hai dudng thang song song éu (*) c6 mot nghiém (déi v6i t) thi hai dudng thang cat nhau « Néu (*) vo sé nghiém (d6i véi t) thi hai dudng thang tring nhau x=142t O day (4): 0t +6 = OVO nghiem, vay song song véi duong y=-2+t thing x -2y+1=0 { 4 ler {x = x=k by ly=3+2 =2- y 2k 1 ann ‘ 2x ty -S =O; Wx ty—2= 0, te 5 4 | nen hai duémg thing cit nhaw Toa do giao diém M 1 nghiém ctia he phwong trinh [-2x+y-5 [x= \ysara 4 3 9 41-3232 HN Mh = Verte —Z Vay hai dng thing edt nhau tai G : 4) a4 3+ 24 (9) {33 By 2 Oa) etery B06) {EE ‘Ta cé phuong trinh : 2(4 +t) + (2-1) = 13 = 0 = t= 3thay vao (A,) suy ra giao diém ciia (A,) va (Ap) 1a (7-1). Phuong trinh dudng thang chan trén hai truc nhitng doan thang bang nhau 2+ Yotexty-a=0 za Duong thang nay di qua diém (7; — 1) nen ta c6 74£(-l)-a=0>a=60=8 Vay phuong trinh dudng thang phai tim ld: x + y-6 =0, x-y -8=0. C(x ; y) la giao diém cita (A,) va (Ar), vay C(I = 1; 2t),C © Ad nen 10432-32069 = 2er1=F Coi toa dd A = (xq 3 yq).B(Xp Yn) MA M(-1; 1) 1a trung diém cita AB 223465. 224 Xa tXpe-2_ [xg =-2-x nen} A °8 oi Ya typ =2 yp =2-Ya ma B nam trén (A) > (-2-x,) +3(-2-yq)-3=0 “xq ~3yq +1 =0 (a) :AS- = 3 ma Ae (a1) > xq ty, —2=0 Do d6 ta cé hé phuong trinh : =x, —3yq +1=0 = aa Byqtl=0 [xa 2x, +¥q-2=0 Ya = Vay A(1;0), B(-3; 2) AH 1 BC = ugy = nc = (133) va A(;0) yp =2 x=1+t Vay (AH): teR y=3t b) we -(2.2)-= BC = (ey (yf -s Phuong trinh doan chin cé dang: *+ Ye bx tay =ab x =b-at y=O+bt Van dé dat ra 1a phai tim a, b. Viét dudi dang tham sé 1a : { 8b+6a=ab — |p =—%# be =e Theo gid thiét ta co : eee eee |ab| = 24 [ab] = 24 a? = dla -8| a0 =a? — 4a +32 =0 (vo nghiém) ay = -8 a<8=a?+4a-32=0 4 a dbe ay = Vay phuong trinh dudng thing phai tim 12:465. Dé dang cé toa do trung diém M cua canh BC la M (A):xt+y-2=0. Goi G(xp yy) 12 trong tam cla AABC, G € (A) nén xy + yy —2 = 0 Phuong trinh duéng thang (BC): x - y-3=0 ko - yo - 3 v2 BC = (-1;-1) > BC = V2 Khoang cach tir G dén BC 1a: d(G, BC) Do dé dién tich AGBC = yi bo -yo-4 v2 1 ho -y-J=5e Vay ta c6 hai hé phuong trinh sau : Xy + yy -2=0 xy = 3 2054 8.2) (3.3 i : . of §:- 3}. m(3: 3) la trung diém canh BC, A(x ; y). Ta c6 = AG = 2GM ma AG = A551) Tuong tu tacé A(4; 2) 225467. 468. 226 x=14+4t 7 4 (41): 3 6 ut = (4; 3) vadi qua diém M,| 1; - > =-7g +3 16 a) (A2)//(4,)nén c6 uz =u = (4;3) va di qua (0:32 nén phuong 16 x=4t trinh cla (Az): (42) y= Sam b) (As) L(A;)nén m3 = (453),(A3) di qua mo; #3) nén phuong trinh cia (Ay): 4x + (v-2) 0 cc) Phuong trinh téng ee cita (Ay): 12x -16y -15=0. Ta biét (A,)//(Az) 35 [1632-19 5 cava) nén d(Aj, A>) = (My, Ay) =2.d(A), Ay) = Jeune 72 127 +1 a) Phuong trinh dudng thing AB la : x+6 _y+3 446 243 Phuong trinh dudng thing AC Ia x46 _yt3 946 243 Ta cé NAaB.nAC = 3+3=6> 0 nén phuong trinh dudng thang (d) chita phan gidc ciia g6c A: 3x -y +15 vio b) C6 hai trudng hop xay ra: © Néu CP//AB ma (AB): 3x —y +15 = 0,ng5 = (33-1), nén (CP) : (x — 9) ~ Ky ~ 2) = 0 > 3x -y-25=0 P € (d) nén tacé toa do cia P 1A nghiém cha hé phuong trinh : x-y+3=0 3x -y-25= ° Néu BP//AC, 1am tuong ty nhu trén ta tim duge P(2 ; 5) oo 3x-y 115=0(nag = Gs) 2 x-3y-3=0(nac =(Us-3) P14 ; 17) on ( )469. Phuong trinh dudng thang (AB) : 47 47 472. 4. © 4x 43y-7=0 Gia sir C(x: y). Theo gia thiéttacé: x-2y-1=0 (1) 4x By - 7 -37=0 d(C, AB) = 6 co HRA IVE (ery Z 2 > 4x + 3y +23 =0 Q). Giai hé (1), (2) ta duge C\(7 53) Giii he (1), (3) ta duge C,{ -43, - 27 - Cm . Ta da biét dung tron (O;R) 12 tap hop nhiing diém céch O c6 dinh mot khoding R khong déi a) Vay phutong trinh dudng tron tam O(a; b) ban kinh R (x =a? +(y = by =R* b) Néu tam O 18 géc toa do nghia 1a (0; 0) thi phuong trinh dudng trdn lax? +y? =R?, x? ty? +2Ax + 2By +C=0 > (x +A) +(y +BY = A2 4B? -C Vay dudng tron nay cé tam I(-A ;-B), R= VA? +B? -C (do A? +B? -C>0) (©): - 3)? +(y +b? = 4, vay tam 13;-),R = Dudng thing (A) 12 mot dudng thing di qua M(5;1) ¢6 phuong trinh 12: A(x ~ 5) + Bly - 1) = Ovéi A? +B? #0, Khoang cach tir 1(3;-1) dén A 1a: _[RA- 2B] 2|A +B) dq, (A)) = VA? +B? VA? 4B? cee 2\A +B) Diéu kién dé A tigp xtic véi (C) > ~—— = 2 A? +B @ (A+B)? = A? +B? © 2AB =0 ¢ hodc B=0 hoac A =0 * Néu A = 0 chon B = 1, duge tiép tuyén thit nhat c6 phuong trinh Id y - 1 =0 * Néu B=0 chon A = I, duge tiép tuyén thir hai cé phuong trinh 1a x - 5 = 0 473. Duong tron (C):x? +y* -2x +4y—4=0 => (x-IP +(y 42) =9 nén I(1;—2),R = 3. Thay toa do diém M(I + V5 ;0) vao phuong trinh dudng trdn ta cé (1+ V8) +0? - 2(14 V3) +0-4=642v5-2-25~4 =0 Suy ra diém M € (C), IM = (v5 :2) 227474, 475. 476. 228 Diéu kign dé (A) di qua M 1A tiép tuyén ciia (C) <> IM 1a vecto phip tuyén cla A va M € (A), nén phutong trinh ctia (A) : V5(x - (1+ V5) +2y = 049 V5x + 2y -(54 V5) =0 a) (©): (x +1? +(y - 2° =13 b) Toa do M, N Ia giao ciia (C) va (A): x ~ Sy -2= 0 la nghiem ciia he phuong trinh (HD? += 2" = 13, (Sy #241)? +(y -2)2 -13=0 a) x-Sy-2=0 x=Sy+2 Q) 2 y=0 or. (72°, x=Sy+2 x= Sy +2 Vay hai diém 1 M(2; 0), N(-3;~ I). Mun cé AMNP Ia tam gidc ndi tiép thi AMNP vuong tai M (hodc vudng tai N) nen NP 1a dudng kinh (hodc MP 1 dudng kinh), vay 1(-1;2) 1a trung diém cia NP, suy ra P = (1; 5). Néu AMNP vuong tai N thi MP 1a dudng kinh, twong ty ta c6 P=(-4;4) c) M(2;0) €(C). Ta cé phuong trinh tiép tuyén cita (C) qua diém M Ia (A) : -3x + 2y +6 =0 a) (C): x? +y? -6x +2y +5 =0> (x3 +(y +I? =5 13;-1),R = V5 Giao diém cia (C) véi truc hoanh 1a nghiém cita hé phuong trinh : 2 i ae aa ofr oft x=5 Vay A(5;0), B(1;0) (do xq > xg) b) TA = (2;1),(A) LIA nén nhan IA lam vecto phap tuyén, do dé nén phuong trinh ciia (A) : 2x+y +C=0 (A) tiép xtic véi (d) <> d(I,(A)) = R. y=0 l6-1+¢| Do dé ta 0 : | = V5 >C=0,C=-10 Hai dutmg thing phai tim 1a 2x + y = 0,2x +y -10=0 (#) sx? + y? — 4x + 6y 12 = 0 © (4): (x2)? + (y +3)? = 25 a) Tam 1(2;-3),R =5a ssnoding cach tir (2; - 3) dén (A): 2x ~y +m =0 [443+ ml] d(L. (A) © (A) cat (C) 2 d(L (A) < 5 [7 +m) < 55 oo -5V5 < 7+ m<5VS © -7-SV5 m = -7- 55 hoac m = -7 + 5vS m>-7+45V5 m<-7-5V5 ©) Goi (A) 1a dudng thing vudng géc voi dudng thing y = x > y-x =0 S(A)ixty+C=0 (A) la tiép tuyén cla (¢) < d(I,(A)) =R Bo3s4 5 otc - 52 ofee v2 c=1-5v2 Vay c6 hai dudng thing (A) vuong géc véi dudng thing y = x va tiép xtc voi (¢) : # (A) tiép xtic v6i C < [7 + m| = # (A) khong cat (C) [7 + m] > 5V5 >| ° (A,):x+y +14 5¥2 =0 (Ap) x+y +1-5V¥2 =0 229 . Gia str AABC 6 (AB): 5 (AC) :x-y #2 =O,nac =(1:-) (BC): x + y-8 = 0,npc = (13D Tacé nac.npe = 1.1 +1(-1) =0 > AC £ BC = C = 90° Toa d6 dinh A 1a nghiém cia hé phuong trinh : x 2 x y-2e x=-3 5s ° of ieee) a-y+2=0 yrm Toa do dinh B la nghiém cia hé phuong trinh : x 2 z7y-<=0 52 5 xty-8=0 A AABC vuong tai C nén canh huyén 1a AB. Tam I cla dung tron ngoai tiép AABC [a trung diém I cia AB nén x; 2: 229478, aa => 1250), = 1A = y-57 + (1? = 26 Vay phuong trinh dudng trdn ngoai tiép AABC : (x -2 +y? = 26. OA = (80) OB = (0:6) Vay AOAB vuong tai O. Dudng trdn ngoai tiép AOAB cé tam 1a I va bin kinh R = IA. a) Cach | = OA.OB = 8.0 + 0.6 = 0 nén OA L OB Dé dang c6 I = (4; 3) va R =IA = y4? + (-3)? =5 Do dé phuong trinh dudng tron (¢) ngoai ip AOAB : (€) s(x — 4)? + (y - 3)? = 25 hay x? +y? - 8x -6y =0 Cach 2 : Phuong trinh téng quat cha dudng tron (,) : x? +y? + 2Ax + 2By +C =0 (€,) di qua 0(0 0) > C =0 (€,) di qua A(8;0) > 64+16A=0-A (€,) di qua B(O; 6) > 36 + 12B = 0 > B= Do d6 (€,) : x? + y? - 8x —6y =0 b) Phuong trinh canh (OA): y = 0 Phuong trinh canh (OB): x = 0 Phuong trinh canh huyén (AB) : ; +2 = 1 => 6x +8y-48=0 Phuong trinh dudng phan gide ciia gc AOB : x -y = 0 Nop = (130), tap = (6:8) Rop-NaR = 6 > 0, nén dudng phan gidc ca goc _ 6x + By ~ 48 10 = 16x + By ~ 48 = 0 => 2x +y-6=0 Toa do tam J 1 nghiém cita hé phuong trinh : evs = {Fp saa y=2 Bla: x= x +y-6=0 Ban kinh R = d(J, OA) = 2. Vay phuong trinh dudng tron (€) ndi tigp AOAB : (6): &-2P +(y-2 = 4479. (C,): x2 + y? - 10x = 0 => (x - 5)? + y? = 25 1\(5;0),Ry =5 (Cy): x2 + y? + 4x = 2y = 20 = 0 => (x +2)? +(y— 1? = 25 1-231, Ry =5 a) Toa do giao diém cita (C,) va (C,) 1a nghiém cia hé phuong trinh : x2 +y? -10x =0 y=7x-10 ° i +y? 44x -2y-20=0 Peet =0 y =7x-10 ay f: + (7x - 10)? — 10x = 0 Q) Giai (2) Te (2) © 809? 150+ 100-0621? 4 +2=09/ 3 X= =>y =-3y2 =4 7 : xy=1 [xg =2 Vay nghiém ciia hé phuong trinh Ia : y=-3 lyr =4 Goi M, N 1 hai giao diém cia (C,) va (C,) thi M = (1;-3) N= (2;4). Goi (A) 1a dudng trung truc ciia doan thing MN thi (A) c6 phuong trinh : (A):x+7y-5=0 Tam I cia dudng tron di qua MN va nam trén dudng thing (D) 1A nghiém cia hé phuong trinh : { +Ty- : x+6y-6= y R = IM = y(-11)? +2? = Vi25 Vay phuong trinh dudng tron phai tim 1a (x — 12)? + (y + 1)? = 125 b) Nhu trén ta dicé (C}), 1)(5;0),Ry = 5 (Cy), 1-23), Ry = 5 © Xét (A): x40 =0 Khoang cach tir 1)(5;0) dén A: d(1,(A)) =|5 +e] Khoang céch tir Ip(-2;1) dén A: d(Iy,(A)) = |-2 + ¢| |S+el=5 |-2 + =12 22 M2i-d 4 1a tigp tuyén chung cia (C)) va (C2) 2 vo nghiem Xét (D): ax -y+b=0[sa + b| Khoang céch tir I; dén (D) ; dy = d(I,,(D)) = feet Va? +b? Khoing céch ti 1p dn (D) : dy = d(Iy,(D)) = 84 (D) 1a tiép tuyén chung cia (C,) va (C2) [5a + b| oS {i aa va? +b? a @ d, =R S aR jams _ Va? +0? |sa + b| = |-2a-1+b| o bad " (Sa +b)? = 25(a? + v) an =5 Sa+b = -2a-1+b (5a + by? = 25(a? + b?) ve) a Giai (I') tacé Sat b=2a+1-b (5a +b)? = 25(a? (2? + 0?) ay 1 Giai (") tacé{* ~ 3 b=0 Vay c6 4 tigp tuyén chung ¥6i (C}) va (C2) 1 -sx-y=0; -tx-y-3 0 yxy =0; 2 10 TY 84 Co thé viét gon lai x+7y =0; 12x+84y+5=0 x-3y=0; 12x-42y+5=0 23248). 48i. a) Tu M ké MH 1 (A), He (A), lay M’ trén doan thang MH sao cho M MM'=kMH (0 0,b > 0) y b) Nhin vao hinh 62 ta thay * (E) c6 hai truc déi xing 1a truc tung va true hoanh * Gée toa d6 O(0;0) 1a tam déi xting ‘ctta * Cac diém A,(-a ;0), Ag(a; 0) B,(0;~b),By(0;b) goi 1a dinh FA cita (F) * Doan thing AjA> gi 14 truc 1én ca (E), doan thing B,By goi I2 truc nho cia (E) * DO dai truc lén bang 2a, do dai truc bé bang 2b * Hinh chir nhat MNPQ goi la hiinh chi? nhét co sd clia (E) a) (E) : %=1(@>b>0). Goi ¢>0 vac? =a>—b? thi hai diém b F,(-c ; 0), Fy(c ;0) goi 1a ti¢u diém ctta (E) b) Diém M € (E) > MF, + MF, = 2a c) Cac khoang céch MF, MF, goi la bin kinh qua tiéu ciia diém M. d) D6 dai doan thang FF) goi la tiu cu cia (E) 233483. 484. 485. 234 Tam sai e ciia (E) duge tinh theo cong thtic € =< (d6i vi (E) thi 0 c? = 25-9 = 16 c= 4,a=5,b=3 a) Fy(-4 0), Fy(4 50); Ay(-5 ;0), Ap (5:0), BO; ~ 3), By(O:3) b) Tigu cur: 8, do dai truc Ién : 10, dé dai truc nhé : 6 ¢) Dung chuiin (A) : x = 25 25 Vv: rxe- 3 (Ag)ix => ay (Ay) =x 4° Adina] (E) : 16x? + 25y? = 400 > 5 a? =25,b? =16 > c? = 25-16=9>c=3,a F,(-3:0), Fp(3:0), B, (0; ~ 4), By(0 4). Vain dé dat ra i tim dign tich wt giée FiB\FB, Dé dang thay tr gide F,B,F)By 1X hinh thoi cé céc dudng chéo F\F) =6, B,B) =8. Dién tich ttt gidc F,B,F)By 1a: S= SAPs B,B = HOx8 = 24 (dvdt) a) Fy(-V3 30), F,(v3 :0) = = b) P = RM? + F)M? - 30M? - F\M.F,M. Theo cong thite tinh dung trung tuyén: m, = 4 2 (im, 1a 2 trung tuyén xuat phat tir dinh A cia AABC; a, b, c theo thir tu 1a do dai ba canh cia tam gide d6i dién véi ba géc A, B, C)

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