Chief Seattle

Passage – 1

(i) These words are spoken by Chief Seattle. Meaning of the above line is that the nature has
been sympathetic towards the Red Indian for many years.

(ii) The speaker wants to tell that the future of the Red Indians is dark because the whites
are over-powering them.

(iii) President George Washington , who was the president of America is the 'Great Chief at
Washington'. He had sent the greeting of friendship and goodwill to the Red Indians.

(iv) Chief Seattle's words are like the stars that never change. The Great Chief at Washington
can rely upon his words with as much certainty as he can upon the return of the sun or the
seasons.

(v) Chef Seattle says that it is kind of the Great Chief of Washington (George Washington) to
send the greeting to him. According to him the whites have very little need of Red Indians
and they are also more powerful than them.

Passage – 2

(i) The whites are more in numbers as compared to the Red Indians. Chief Seattle compares
the whites to grass of vast praries and the Red Indians with scattering trees of a storm-
swept plain.

(ii) The White Chief informs that they must get ready for land settlement treaty between the
US government and Native American tribe. According to the treaty, the Native Americans
should surrender their land to the Whites and move farther from their ancestors’ land.

(iii) Chief Seattle says that there was a time when his peoples covered the land as waves of a
wind ruffled sea covers its shell-paved floor.

(iv) The White Chief sent words that he wishes to buy the land of Red Indians but he will
also provide enough land for them to live in comfort. Seattle says that the proposition
seems to be just, kind and generous s the Red man no longer has rights. The offer appears
to be wise since the Native Americans are less in number and don’t require a vast territory.

(v) The young Red Indians turned violent and indulged in revengeful acts when the white
men pushed the westward. According to Chief Seattle there is no use in taking revenge on
the White men because they are large in number as well as more powerful. In times of war,
they not only lose their own lives, but also the family that wants them at home also bears
the loss.

Passage - 3
(i) George Washington has been referred to the 'father in Washington'. Since, King George
has moved his boundaries further north, he has become the father the Native Americans.

(ii) Youth is impulsive because they grow angry at real or imaginary wrong and they often
become cruel and relentless. They become hostile and lose their lives in violent acts.Seattle
discourages such kind of behaviour from the youth and it indicates his love for peace and
friendly relationship. He is against war and he does not glorify war but condemns it.

(iii) If the Native Americans (Red Indians) sell their land to whites then whites will protect
them from foreign enemies like Haidas and Tsimshians.

(iv) They are two tribes who constantly at the Suquamish tribe. Haidas are indigenous
people of North America. Tsimshains are North American Indians of the North-west
Coast.The White Chief’s brave men will provide the natives strength and his ships would fill
their harbors so that Hidas and Tsimshians cease to frighten the natives.

(v) The God of the White man loves his people and hates Seattle’s people. He protects them
lovingly and leads them like a father leads his infant son. But he has forsaken Seattle and his
people.

Passage - 4

i)The Great Spirit is referred to as the God of the natives. The Great Spirit has forgotten his
people because Suquamish tribe has almost become extinct and their number is declining
rapidly. The Great Spirit is no longer a father figure to them; “they seem to be orphans who
can look nowhere for help.”

ii). Their population is rapidly reducing and they have almost become extinct. They are
called orphans because their God, the Great Spirit has forgotten them.

iii). Because he came to the help of His paleface children and never came to the help of Red
Man. He gave them laws to be followed but none to his Red children. They have separate
origin and separate destinies. He makes the White people stronger every day but does
nothing for the well being of the natives.

iv.) They are two distinct races-the native Americans and the White colonists.The natives’
origin is the American land that is being contested; the Whites here originally belonged to
Europe who came and colonized these native Americans.Their destinies are different-the
natives are receding every day while the Whites are like the grass that covers vast prairies.

v). The Whites unjustly exercising authority over the Native Americans. It is the natives’
land that the Big Chief in Washington ‘wishes’ to buy but ‘wish’ is a word sarcastically used
by Chief Seattle. The Whites are so powerful in terms of their army and navy that the Red
Indians need to bow down. Chief Seattle says that Whites are willing to allow them enough
land to live comfortably which is symbolic of their master-slave relationship.
Passage - 5

i). Give the meaning of :

a) Tablet of stone - Refers to the words written on to stone tablets that later were brought
down from Mount Sinai by Moses. The tablets were also known as the Ten
Commandments.

b) Iron finger - Biblical phrase which means Finger of God.

ii). The religion of the Red Man is the traditions of their ancestors-the dreams of their old
men, given them in solemn hours of the night by the Great Spirit; and the visions of their
sachems, and is written in the hearts of their people.

iii). The religion of the Red Man is the traditions of their ancestors-the dreams of their old
men, given them in solemn hours of the night by the Great Spirit; and the visions of their
sachems, and is written in the hearts of their people. The White men followed Christianity
and it was written by the iron finger of their God, symbolizing strict adherence to rules and
principles. The God of this religion is partial and has forsaken his Red children. Seattle says
that this God loves only his paleface children and not the natives.

iv). Seattle says that the ashes of his ancestors are sacred and their resting place is hallowed
ground. They love to stay in the land where their ancestors’ memories are alive. Whereas
the Whites wander far from their ancestors’ graves. The Whites once they are dead, forget
their native land and never return. The dead of the Red men will never forget their native
land and year to visit this beautiful land.

v). The White men followed Christianity and it was written by the iron finger of their God,
symbolizing strict adherence to rules and principles. The God of this religion is partial and
has forsaken his Red children. Seattle says that this God loves only his paleface children and
not the natives.

Passage - 6

i) This is because they never connect with their land their people spiritually. Their
relationship with their land and their people is not sacred or holy; it is materialistic. As soon
as they die, the link to their earthly life breaks and devoid of spiritualism they are incapable
of an afterlife.

ii). The dead of the Red man never forget their native land where they lived. They still love
its verdant valleys, its murmuring rivers, its magnificent mountains, sequestered valleys and
verdant lined lakes and bays, and ever yearn to visit this place again. Moreover the spirits of
the dead keep visiting to guide, console and comfort the living.
iii). The Red men should surrender their native land to the Whites. In return of this, the
Whites will protect them foreign attack from the Haidas and Tsimshians. The Whites are
willing to allow them to enough land to live comfortably.

iv). The Native Americans will have to leave their native land where their ancestors are
resting in eternal peace. They lose their land which is full of memories. The land that they
have been asked to sell is sacred for them.The Whites unjustly exercising authority over
them. The Whites are powerful in terms of their army and navy that the Red Indians need to
bow down. The Whites are willing to allow them enough land to live comfortably which is
symbolic of their master-slave relationship.

v)The Native Americans would be transported to a reality beyond what is felt by the senses.
The ‘shores’, ‘the pathless woods’, ‘the field’ would never be empty of their spirits. This
land will make them eternal. “In all the earth there is no place dedicated to solitude,’ and
hence they will be a part of land forever. Their spirits would still love ‘this beautiful land’
and its ‘magnificent mountains’ and ‘sequestered vales.’ Their death here would not be
death but only a gateway to the eternal world.

Passage – 7

i)He feels as if not a single star of hope hovers above the natives’ horizon. The winds moan
and grim fate follows them. Their situation is similar to a wounded doe that is being hunted
down. Moreover he feels that in a few more years, their race will disappear. This is how he
reflects his unhappiness about the fate of his people.

ii)Every person, tribe, or culture that is risen to great glory would definitely meet its fall one
day and that would be surely be the day of justice. Seattle believes that time will come
when the Whites would also be moving towards their inevitable doom.

iii)This is a reference to the Biblical God and his ten commandments that always supported
and guided the White men.

iv) ‘We may be brothers after all.’ -Seattle believes that White settlers too will have their
decay one day. It would be then that the White men and Red men would share a common
destiny. They would be brothers only when the Whites would be able to empathize the Red
men.

v). The common destiny of man is that his decay is inevitable. It is through the White man’s
decay the Seattle foresees the unity of all beings. He says: ‘we may be brothers after all. We
will see.’

Extract - 8
i). This is because even after the last native has perished ‘shores will swarm with the
invisible dead’ of Seattle’s tribe. The natives’ love for their land makes them immortal.
Thus, the Whites will never be alone.

ii). The shadowy spirits visit the places at nights when the streets of the Whites’ cities are
silent and it is falsely believed that they are deserted.

iii). The memory of the tribe would become a myth among the White men when the last
Red man shall have perished from the natives’ land, but this would be momentary as it
would the ‘swarm with the invisible dead of the tribe.’

iv). Native Americans even after death don’t forget the world that gave them their being
and identity. They keep on loving its valleys, its rivers, its magnificent mountains, and its
lakes. The dead feel one with the nature and its surroundings.

v). The Native Americans would be transported to a reality beyond what is felt by the
senses. The ‘shores’, ‘the pathless woods’, ‘the field’ would never be empty of their spirits.
This land will make them eternal. “In all the earth there is no place dedicated to solitude,’
and hence they will be a part of land forever. Their spirits would still love ‘this beautiful
land’ and its ‘magnificent mountains’ and ‘sequestered vales.’ Their death here would not
be death but only a gateway to the eternal world. They will only change their world and
hence will become immortal. He ends his speech with the assertion that ‘there is no death,
only a change of worlds.’

The old man at the bridge

PASSAGE-1

(i) Pontoon bridge are the floating bridge. Many people are crossing bridge to protect
themselves from the attack of enemy troops.

(ii) Old man is sitting on the side of the road on the bridge. Unlike others he doesn't move
because he was tired as he had already walked twelve kilometers since he had left his
hometown.

(iii) Unnamed narrator who is the army scout is the speaker in above lines. He is there
because it is his mission to cross the bridge and find out how far the enemy had advanced.

(iv) The narrator asked the old man where he came from. The old man replied, “ San
Carlos”, and he smiled because the mention of his native town gave him pleasure.

(v) The old man was the last one to leave his town because he was taking care of his
animals. The old man wore dusty clothes and steel rimmed spectacles. His face was grey and
dusty.

PASSAGE-2
(i) The Old man is referred to 'He'. He is in a weary condition as he has already walked
twelve kilometers and too tired to move further. Further more his clothes are dusty and his
face has turned grey.

(ii) The old man had two goats, a cat and four pairs of pigeon. Those animals were his family;
he loved them and cared for them so much that separating from them made him feel that
he had lost his reason for existence.

(iii) He had left the animals behind in his native town of San Carlos. The heavy firing from
the enemy forced him to do so.

(iv)He had already traveled twelve kilometers, so he was too tired to go any further. He
was weak, the old man had no family and he had left his animals behind, he felt helpless as
he couldn’t save his animals; he surrendered himself to his fate.

(v)The Spanish civil war forms the background to the story and Hemingway depicts that how
in times of war man acts inhumanly to his own race. War causes and death and destruction,
and this is highlighted through the condition of the old man whore presents the civilians
who are victims of war. The old man gives meaning to his life by taking care of his animals,
but the war takes away everything from him. He sits alone by the side of the road; he is as
helpless as his goats; he cannot escape and is too old and tired to save himself.

PASSAGE-3

(i) Like other innocent citizens , what matters to the old man is his home and animals whom
he loved as his family rather than politics. He mentions his age along with the fact that he
had already walked twelve kilometers to reflect the extent of his weariness.

(ii) The old man wore steel rimmed spectacles, his clothes were black and dusty and his
face had turned grey from dust. He was taking care of his animals at San Carlos.

(iii) The place referred to is a war zone at a pontoon bridge across the Ebro river. The place
is 12 kilometers from San Carlos in Spain.

(iv) The narrator (army scout) advised the old man to cross the bridge and catch a truck
towards Barcelona.Old man replied that he did not know anyone at Barcelona. However, he
thanked the narrator for his suggestion and continued to express his concern for the fate of
the animals he had left behind

(v) The Spanish civil war forms the background to the story and Hemingway depicts that
how in times of war man acts inhumanly to his own race. War causes and death and
destruction, and this is highlighted through the condition of the old man who can be seen as
the symbol of civilian victims of war. The old man gives meaning to his life by taking care of
his animals, but the war takes away everything from him. He sits alone by the side of the
road; he is as helpless as his goats; he cannot escape and is too old and tired to save himself.
Forced to flee his town the old man sits near the Ebro river; he surrenders to his fate and
waits for his impending death. (You can write your own Answers)

PASSAGE-4

(i) The man was forced to flee from his native town, leaving behind his only family i.e. his
animals. He was concerned for them but did not know what to do. It made him blank.
Moreover, he was 76 years old man who had already traveled twelve kilometers so he
was tired .The manner in which the old man engaged in a conversation with the narrator
and told him about his village and animals shows that he needed someone to talk .

(ii) The old man was worried of his animals. He was worried what his animals will do in his
absence. He was feeling guilty because according to him he was unable to fulfill his duty.

(iii) The author beautifully brings out the two levels of conflicts between the inner self and
and outer self of the Old man. The old man was forced to leave his animals in order to save
himself. Man against man is the other conflict in the story.In the time of war man kills his
own race for his own benefit.

(iv) Yes , I agree that old man give up on his live. He was not concerned for his safety. He sat
by the side of the road at a pontoon bridge in the war zone. Despite repeated insistence
from the narrator to save his life and to catch a truck to Barcelona, the old man paid no
heed. He was preoccupied only with the fate of his animals he had left behind in San Carlos.

(v) The Narrator tries to engage in a conversation and inquires if he had left the dove cage
unlocked. He tries to reassure him that the animals would be fine. At regular intervals, he
reminds him to cross the bridge. The narrator becomes a friend in need for the old man but
he is not able to relieve him of his worries. The old man surrenders to his fate and till the
end he only thinks of his animals. The narrator thus realizes that nothing can be done
about him and moves on leaving him at the bridge.

PASSAGE-5

(i) The old man had lost all hope and he is also feeling guilty because according to him he
was unable to fulfill his duty towards his animals. He was wondering what his animals were
doing in his absence. Thus war din not only cause physical but also psychological
destruction.

(ii) The Narrator tries to engage in a conversation and inquires if he had left the dove cage
unlocked. He tries to reassure him that the animals would be fine. At regular intervals, he
reminds him to cross the bridge. The narrator becomes a friend in need for the old man but
he is not able to relieve him of his worries. The old man surrenders to his fate and till the
end he only thinks of his animals. The narrator thus realizes that nothing can be done
about him and moves on leaving him at the bridge.
(iii) The old man loved his animals so much that separating from them made him feel that
he had lost his reason for existence. The old man, liked his goats, cats and pigeons and had
no one to take care of him and thus he surrendered to his fate.The narrator lends a kind ear
to the old man and urges the man to get up and cross the bridge; the man tries but fails. The
soldier feels sorry for him. Thus the story ends with the old man’s concern for his animals
and the soldier’s concern for the old man.

(iv) All the luck that he would have is that the cats could protect themselves and as the day
was overcast, the Fascists would not launch their planes to attack the local people.

(v) The action of the story is set on Easter Sunday, the day when Jesus Christ rose from the
dead on the third day after he was crucified. Thus, Easter is symbolically viewed as a
welcome time of rebirth, renewal and possible change. However, for the old man at the
bridge, this day meant inevitable death and the destruction of that was meaningful to him.
The image of resurrected Christ is like the image of the old man’s doves being released from
their cage, both being symbols of hope and peace. The soldier , however, is not hopeful
about the old man’s fate. The bitterly remarks that ‘all the good luck that old man would
ever have’ was the fact that the artillery planes of the enemy could not fly that day.

Hearts and hands

Extract I

i)The coach of the eastbound train, B & M Express. The only vacant seat left was a ‘reversed
one facing the attractive young woman.’ This tells us that the coach was crowded.

ii)Miss Fairchild. She is described as an elegantly dressed, pretty young woman who had all
the luxuries and who loved travelling.

iii)The linked couple were Mr Easton and the marshal because they were handcuffed
together.

iv)At first, she saw them indifferently with a ‘distant, swift disinterest.’ As soon as she
recognized Mr Easton, she smiled at them and started conversing.

v)They were old acquaintances.

Extract II

i) Mr Easton. His right hand was engaged as it was handcuffed to the left hand of the
marshal.

ii)As soon as the lady saw Mr Easton being handcuffed, her look changed to bewildered
horror. She was no longer glad; ‘the glow faded from her cheeks’ and ‘her lips parted in a
vague, relaxing distress.’
iii)The glum-faced man spoke as if Mr Easton was the marshal. The glum-faced man was a
convict being taken to Leavenworth prison for counterfeiting.

iv)In reality, the glum-faced man was the marshal who was taking the convict Mr Easton to
the prison. The marshal, to save Mr Easton from embarrassment in front of Miss Fairchild,
presented himself as the convict.

v)The story begins with two people, Mr Easton and the glum-faced man hand-cuffed
together. It is the handcuffing that lends to the ‘Hands’ part of the title. In fact, it is the
hands which are significant for revealing the true identities of the two men. Miss Fairchild
was misled by the unnamed man about the identity of Mr Easton as he wanted to save Mr
Easton from an embarrassing situation by revealing that he was a convict and was being
taken by him to the prison. It was an astute passenger in the coach, who discovered that a
marshal would not handcuff his own right hand with that of a convict, as was the case with
Mr Easton and the marshal.

Extract III

i)She called Easton, a marshal because she was told so by the real marshal. Moreover, her
own fantasies did not allow her to suspect the real marshal’s revelation about Mr Easton.

Easton, in reality, was a convict being taken to a prison on charges of counterfeiting.

ii)He was going to be imprisoned at Leavenworth prison for counterfeiting.

iii) Give the meaning of :

A)Money has a way of taking wings unto itself: Money has the ability to make one feel
respected and dignified. Money can make one fly and soar high.

b)To keep step with our crowd: To compete with the crowd or to feel one with the high
class society in Washington.

iv)Easton said he was making money but he needed more in order to fit in high society so he
took up the position of a marshal in the west.

v)She was not likely to see Easton in Washington soon, because he was to be confined in
Leavenworth prison. Miss Fairchild, assumed that he would be extremely busy in his new
job as the marshal.

Extract IV

i)The girl was fascinated with the handcuffs. Easton was handcuffed to the marshal, because
he was being taken to the Leavenworth prison for counterfeiting.

ii)Miss Fairchild was glaring at the handcuffs. The glum-faced man asked her not to worry as
it was Mr Easton’s business as a marshal to handcuff the convict to keep from getting away.
iii)The word ‘Hearts’ in the title is indicative as relationship something more than friendship
between Miss Fairchild and Mr Easton. When she saw Mr Easton, there appeared a lovely
smile on her face and her cheeks turned pink. She even told him that she loved the West,
suggesting that she would settle down with him in the West.

iv)Mr Easton would be imprisoned in Leavenworth prison on the charges of counterfeiting. “

My butterfly days are over’ signifies that Easton’s good and adventurous days of making
money by deceiving people are over.

Extract V

i)What The glum-faced man interrupted the conversation between Easton and Miss
Fairchild and requested Easton that he should be taken to the smoker room.

To prevent Mr Easton from revealing that he is a convict the glum-faced fellow did so.

ii)The glum-faced man said he was in need of a drink and a smoke. He asked Mr Easton to
accompany him to the smoker car as he was ‘half dead for a pipe.’

iii)Generally, an officer’s left hand is handcuffed to the right hand of the convict.

The information is necessary to end the story as it reveals that in reality Mr Easton was the
convict, and the glum-faced man was the marshal.

v)For ‘hands’ refer extract II, question 5

It is the ‘hearts’ part of the title that explains the theme. It is because of having a
compassionate heart that the marshal told a lie to Miss Fairchild. He did this to save Mr
Easton from the humiliation of being identified as a convict in front of an old friend. He told
Miss Fairchild that Mr Easton was the marshal and he was the convict, who was being taken
to the prison by Mr Easton. The glum-faced man had golden heart. The effect of the lie was
immediate in the response of Miss Fairchild. She showed relief that Mr Easton was not
convicted. She was shocked and horrified before the marshal told the lie to her.

The horse and two goats

Extract I

i)Something very small. Kritam was probably the tiniest of the seven hundred villages in
India as it was a microscopic dot on the survey map.

ii)The Answer of his question is out of Syllabus so mark it as wrong question.

iii)It is ‘probably the tiniest’ of India’s seven hundred villages. It is a village that consists of
‘fewer than thirty houses, only one of them built from brick and cement.’ There are four
streets in the village, with a shop for foodstuff and other items in the third street.
iv)Kritam in Tamil meant ‘ coronet’ or ‘crown’ on the brow of the Indian subcontinent. Muni
lived in the last house in the fourth street in the village, beyond which stretched the fields.

v)The Big House, unlike other houses was built with brick and cement. It was painted yellow
and blue all over with carvings of gods. The other houses were of bamboo thatch, straw,
mud and other unspecified materials.

Extract II

i) He would take his sheep and goats everyday to the highway to graze around.He carried a
crook at the end of a bamboo pole to collect foliage from the avenue trees to feed his flock.

ii) In his prosperous days Muni had owned a flock of forty sheep and goats. Gradually,
Muni’s fortunes declined and his flock of forty was reduced to only two goats.

iii) Muni’s wife would give him salted millet flour in boiled water for breakfast. For midday
meal, she would give him the same raw onion. This shows their poverty as they could not
afford anything else.

iv)This was done so that his two goats could graze only within a set radius and not wander
off and get lost. Although no one could say precisely who owned the tree, the only claim
Muni had was that he lived in its shadow.

v)He once lived a prosperous life and reared a flock of forty, but now he was left wit two
goats. Muni wanted to enjoy life, but now he had lost his riches, he had no option but to
remember his past with regret. He remembered the time when he smoked cigarette,
chewed betel leaves and bhang in a hut in the coconut grove with the famous butcher from
the town. Even today, he craved to chew the drumstick out of sauce but failed to obtain the
food items prepare it, on credit from the shopkeeper.

Extract III

i)He was tired of eating drumstick leaves alone. He wanted to relish them with sauce for a
change.

ii)His wife agreed thinking that next year, Muni might not be alive to ask for anything. She
asked him to bring a few food items including a measure of rice or millet.

iii)To attract the attention of the shopkeeper, Muni kept clearing his throat, coughing and
sneezing. Muni responded appropriately at the shop man’s jokes. This helped him win the
shop man over.

iv) Muni would go and sit outside the shop. He would make polite sounds by cleaning his
throat, coughing and sneezing until he caught the attention of the shop man. He would
humour the shop man by appropriately responding to his jokes and then request the food
items he needed.
v)The Answer of his question is out of Syllabus so mark it as wrong question.

Extract IV

i)Change the question. Explain what has happened earlier because of which the shopkeeper
is reluctant to give on credit.

Muni had been in the habit of coming to the shop, humoring the shop man and requesting
for one or two items of food with the promise of repaying later. This time the shop man was
not in good mood so he lost his temper at Muni for daring to ask for credit.

ii) Muni said that his daughter would be sending him money soon for his fiftieth birthday.

iii)According to Muni, he was fifty-years old. He calculated his age from the time of great
famine.

iv)According to the shop man, Muni was seventy years old. Muni might be referring to
himself as fifty years old since past few years.

v)Muni had told the shop man that his daughter had sent word that she would be sending
him money for his fiftieth birthday.

Extract V

i) The shop man is referred to as scoundrel. Muni was annoyed because the shop man
mocked at his habit of mentioning his birthday time and again toprocure things on credit.

ii)Muni did not argue because he knew that if he obeyed his wife she would somehow
conjure up some food for him in the evening. Muni trusted her as far as his welfare was
concerned. He knew by taking up occasional jobs in the big house, she would earn some
money to keep dinner ready for him in the evening.

iii)She would go out and work-grind corn in the Big House, sweep or scrub somewhere, to
earn enough money to buy foodstuff.

iv)When Muni was passing through the village, he avoided looking at anyone. He even
ignored the call of his friends.

v)Muni was worried about his wife as he was seventy years old and might die soon. He also
was pondering about the absence of progeny.

Extract VI

i) The statue was life-sized made of burnt brightly coloured clay. It stood with its head held
high and its forelegs in the air.
ii)The warrior beside the statue is depicted as a man of strength through his description as a
warrior with ‘scythe-like mustachios, bulging eyes, and aquiline nose.”

iii)Nobody from the village noticed its existence. Even Muni, who spent all his days at the
foot of the statue, never bothered to look up.

iv)Muni didn’t go back home early because he wanted to give his wife time to cool off her
temper and feel sympathetic enough to arrange some food for him.

v) Muni was an old man residing in the Kritam village. He once lived a prosperous life and
reared a flock of forty, but now he was left with two goats. Muni wanted to enjoy life, but
now he had lost his riches, he had no option but to remember his past with regret. He was a
man who lived more in the past, than in the present.

The red faced man represents a typically wealthy American. He is polite and courteous as he
offered Muni a cigarette and though he did not understand Muni, he listened to him
attentively. He was a typical American tourist who wished to take back home the statue as a
souvenir.

Extract VII

i) The red faced foreigner entered the story in a strange yellow vehicle. He stopped it, got
down and went around it, poked under the vehicle because his car ran out of gas.

ii) He looked up at the clay horse and cried, “ Marvelous.”

iii)As soon as Muni met the foreigner his first impulse was to run away but his age did not
allow him. He assumed the foreigner to be a policeman or a soldier inquiring about the
rumored murder.

iv_)The foreigner was wearing khaki clothes. it made Muni think that he was a policeman or
a soldier. To put Muni at ease, the other man pressed his palms together, smiled, and said, “
Namaste!”

v)Muni said that his name was Muni and the goats belonged to him. The village was full of
slanderers who would claim what was not theirs.

Extract VIII

i)The foreigner was a tourist in India. He was a rich American businessman who dealt in
coffee.

ii)The foreigner’s polite behaviour on meeting Muni for the first time. As a courtesy he
offered Muni a cigarette. Muni, being a Tamil speaking man could not understand the
foreigner, and used the only English words he knew, i.e., “yes,no.”
iii) Muni remembered the cigarette the shop man had given him on credit. He recalled how
good it had tasted. When the foreigner flicked the light open Muni was confused about
how to act so he blew on the light and put it out.

iv)Muni started coughing. It pained him yet he felt it was extremely pleasant.

v)Muni feared that the business card was an arrest warrant and he moved back.

Extract IX

i)A mutilated dead body had been found thrown under a tamarind tree at the border
between Kritam and Kuppam a few weeks ago. Mini feared that the khaki-clad foreigner
was a policeman inquiring about the murder. The man spoke to Muni and offered him a
cigarette. Muni realized he could not run and spoke in a fearful tone to talk his way out of
trouble.

ii) The horse was made long before Muni was born i.e., it was made sometime when Muni’s
grandfather’s grandfather was a young boy.

iii)Muni mistook the foreigner’s khaki dress and thought the foreigner was a policeman who
was investigating the case of a ’mutilated body thrown under a tamarind tree a few weeks
before.”

iv)It is an apt title. Though the hero of the story is Muni who drives the story forward, the
major part of the story is a dialogue between the American and Muni concerning the house
statue. From the beginning of the story it is observed that Muni is left with two goats. It is
only when the goats are being taken to graze near the highway, that Muni’s chance
encounter with the American takes place. Muni who is sitting on the pedestal of the statue
is assumed to be its owner by the American. Muni, on the other hand does not understand
what the foreigner says. When the American gives Muni a hundred rupee note as the price
for the statue, Muni gets confused. He assumes it to be the price of his two goats.

v)On one hand, Muni is the representative of typical Indian native; who is poor, rural and
uneducated. He doesn’t know English and is striving to make a living. On the other hand, we
have the American who knows no Tamil but expects Mini to understand English. He is
wealthy, urban and educated and is only interested in a business deal with Muni.

Extract X

i)The foreigner said that Tamil to him ‘sounds wonderful’ and he got a kick out of every
word Muni uttered. The foreigner assumed Muni to be engaging in sales talk and told him
that he already appreciated the article and was ready for a better sales talk.

ii) Pongal is a four-day festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu. During Pongal Muni and father
would cut the harvest. Muni would then go out and play with others at the tank.
iii)State what Muni hints at the caste and class distinction between the rich and the poor in
Kritam. Muni had no formal education. He grew up as a member of a lower caste when only
the Brahmins, the highest caste, could attend school. he has not traveled beyond his village
and he likes to watch trucks and buses go by on highway a few miles away so that he can
have ‘a sense of belonging to a larger world.’ He has some knowledge of the two major
religious texts the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, which he has learned by acting in plays
and by listening to preachers at the temple.

iv) English. Learned people and officers in Muni’s country know Parangi language. But
children in the foreigner’s country know it.

v)Child marriage was prevalent as in the case of Muni and his wife. Women were honored as
seen as nurturers but they needed a man to support them. Muni knew his wife would
garner the raw materials and prepare his drumstick gravy. He was worried what would
happen to her after his death.

Extract XI

i)Muni mistook the foreigner’s khaki dress and thought the foreigner was a policeman who
was investigating the case of a ’mutilated body thrown under a tamarind tree a few weeks
before.”

ii)Kali Yuga is the last of the four stages the world goes through as part of the cycle of the
ages. At the end of kali yuga, this world and all other worlds will be destroyed, and the
Redeemer will come in the shape of a horse called kalki and save all good people while evil
ones will perish.

iii)Their different languages do not let them understand each other. They converse, though
in reality, they are both speaking on entirely unrelated subjects. The foreigner is concerned
about the price of the statue, Muni when through gestures realizes that he is being asked
for the statue, rumbles on about its religious value, and how it has stood for generations.
The foreigner, owing to the language barrier, assumes Muni as a salesman and offers him a
hundred rupee note in exchange for the statue. Since Muni could not understand English, he
assumes that the money offered is the exchange price for his goats.

iv)The living room of the foreigner has a large bookcase filled with volumes of books. There
are books piled up too.

v)The foreigner assures Muni that he would keep the statue with utmost care in his living
room in his house in the USA.

A face in the dark

Extract I
1. Mr Oliver was an Anglo-Indian teacher, who was teaching in a school which was located
on the out-skirts of the hill station of Shimla. He would usually walk down to the Shimla
Bazaar and would return after dark by taking a shortcut through the pine forest.

2. The all-boys school in Shimla, in which Mr Oliver was a teacher has been called ‘Eaton of
the East. Eton college is one of the most reputable and expensive English boarding school
for boys in Eton, Berkshire, near Windsor(UK). Mr Olvier’s school was called ‘Eton of the
East’ because the school had been run on English public school lines and the boys, were
mostly from wealthy Indian families.

3. That night strong wind was blowing through the pine forest which created sad, eerie
sounds. Supernatural atmosphere is created by the elements like eerie sounds of the pine
trees, batteries of the torch running down, flickering light, silent sobbing, and lantern
swinging in the middle of the path. All these things prepare us for some mysterious or
uncanny happenings. running down, creating an atmosphere of fear and suspense.

4. While walking back to school one night, he saw a boy sitting alone on a rock whose head
was hung down and whose face was held in his own hands.

After seeing the boy, Oliver stopped near the boy and asked him what he was doing there
and why he was crying.

Extract II

1. Mr. Oliver was walking through the pine forest late in night wehen he happened to spot
a boy sitting on a rock.He noticed that the boy was crying with his head hung down and his
face held in his hands.

2. A miscreant is a person who has done some mischief. Boys were not supposed to be
out after dark. Thus the boy sitting alone on the rock in the night forced the author to call
him a miscreant.

3. Mr Oliver asked him the boy that what he was doing there and why he was crying. The
boy did not respond to Mr. Oliver’s call and continued to sob. Oliver again inquired what
was troubling him and asked him to look up.

4. The boy’s strange , soundless weeping that Oliver heard could be explained on the basis
that Oliver was lonely man caught in psychological fears who was imagining frightening and
scary things. Thus all Oliver encountered was ‘soundless weeping’ and ‘faceless’ faces.

5. When the boy finally looked up at Oliver, it was revealed that the boy had no face. It was
without eyes, ears, nose or mouth. It was just a round head with a school cap on it.

Extract III
1. Oliver’s ‘trembling hand’ is referred to here. It was trembling, as Oliver was horrified to
see that the boy’s face was featureless, without eyes, ears, nose or mouth.

2. The ‘faceless’ boy terrified Oliver so much so that he immediately turned and in panic
ran blindly through the forest to call for help.

3. Oliver told the watchman that he had encountered something horrible that night-a
‘faceless’ boy weeping in the forest.

4. Yes , I agree that the story ends with a thrilling climax. Oliver ran away from the faceless
boy and called for help. He saw a lantern swinging in the middle of the path. What followed
next was a thrilling climax as Oliver while running stumbled up to a watchman only to find
that he too was faceless, with no features or even eyebrows. The climax is reached when
the wind blew out the lamp, leaving the readers to imagine what might have happened to
Oliver.

5. The title A Face in the Dark is suitable as it describes a strange experience of Mr Oliver,
the protagonist of the story. Oliver, on his way back at night, meets a boy in an isolated
place sitting on a rock. A close look at the boy horrifies him as he has no face-no eyes, ears,
nose or mouth. As he runs horrified by the strange experience, he meets the watchman who
is also without a face. Thus, the boy and the watchman, who appeared to be having a face in
the dark, did not have a face when seen in light.

An angel in disguise
PASSAGE-1

(i) The woman was mother of John, Kate and Maggie. She fell on a threshold while she was
drunk.

(ii) The woman doesn’t have good relation with others. She was not liked by anyone in the
village due to her bad behavior and habits. She had been despised, scoffed at, and angrily
denounced.

(iii) The neighbors took grave clothes for decent interment of the body and food for the
motherless starving children.

(iv) They lived in an old tumbled down hut. It was more than a place of shelter from summer
& winter cold.

(v) John the oldest boy was adopted by farmer Jones. Kate, a girl between ten and eleven
years was adopted by Mrs. Ellis. Maggie who had injured herself two years a go was crippled
for life and was not adopted by anyone.

Extract-2
(i) Maggie was glanced at with pity. She was a boon like an angel but was not adopted by
anyone as she was disabled. Nobody wanted to take her as she was crippled for life.

(ii) a) Maggie, the youngest child of dead mother looked pale and thin.

b) Maggie's innocence and sadness attracted everyone however they rejected to take
her.

(iii) Two years ago, Maggie had fallen from the window and had injured her spine which
made her bed ridden.

(iv) It was suggested that Maggie should be taken to the poor-house because for her it
would be a blessed change where she will be kept clean, have healthy food, and be
doctored.

(v)a) Joe Thompson - Because of Maggie Joe Thompson dared to argue with his wife which
he usually didn't do.Later on Maggie filled his life with love, happiness and joy.

b) Jane Thompson -The child proved to be an angel in disguise. Due to her the bitterness
which Mrs.Thompson had was gone. Maggie's nature , sweetness and gratitude brought a
change of heart in Mrs. Thompson and she whole-heartedly accepted Maggie as her child.

Extract-3

(i) Joe Thompson and Blacksmith's wife were having conversation in in the above extract.
They were discussing that where Maggie should be sent after her mother had passed away.

(ii) Maggie's effort to raise herself was painful because she was a crippled child as she had
injured her spine two years ago by falling from the window.

(iii) The thought of being left all alone terrified Maggie. She cried out to Mr. Thomson to not
to leave her alone.

(iv) The man was with a puzzled air because he was unable to decide either to take Maggie
to poorhouse or to leave her alone in her hut. He wrapped her with his hands and bore her
out into the air across the field.

(v) Mr. Thompson was a kind hearted man. He was only one person in whole village who
helped Maggie and cared for her.

Extract-4

(i) Mrs. Thompson saw Joe Thompson approaching. He was caring Maggie, who is regarded
as a 'precious burden’. She was referred to be 'precious' because she turned to an angel in
disguise, who filled Thompson's home and heart with love.
(ii) Mrs. Thompson was angry and asked Joe Thompson to take Maggie to the poorhouse
without waiting for the next day. Joe Thompson told his wife that he had brought Maggie
home because she herself can't walk to the poorhouse. Moreover, he said that he will see
the guardians of the poorhouse the next day. He comforted his wife by telling her about
Christ's views on little children.

(iii) [Answer according to your understanding]

(iv) Joe Thompson told his wife that he had brought Maggie home because she herself can't
walk to the poorhouse. Moreover, he said that had to see the guardians before sending
Maggie to the poorhouse.

(v) Joe Thompson became furious when the sick child was brought in. She was seething
with anger and could not utter a word. Later, she not only gave Maggie supper but like a
mother sat throughout with her while she was relishing it. She gave up the thought of
sending Maggie to poorhouse and began to take care of her. Maggie's nature brought a
change in heart of Mrs. Thompson and she whole-heartedly accepted Maggie as her child.

Extract-5

(i) Joe asked Mrs. Thompson to be kind by giving the views of Christ on little children. He
also reminded her of Maggie's dead mother and loneliness, pain and sorrow, which Maggie
was undergoing at the movement. This brought a change in heart of Mrs. Thompson and
she went to see Maggie.

(ii) Joe considered the light shining through the window a good omen because it was a sign
of hope that revealed the change in Mrs. Thompson's attitude towards the girl. It was also a
sign of James kindness.

(iii) He saw a light shining in Maggie's room. He saw Maggie's face through window and also
observed that his wife was talking to Maggie.

(iv) From Maggie's facial expression Mr. Thompson could make out that she was not in pain.
Joe saw that her expression was sad and tendered but there was no bitterness or pain.

(v) Mr. Thompson did not show any concern for Maggie. He also didn't referred to the child.
Joe asked her wife how soon the supper would be ready.

A little match girl

Passage -1

i) It was New Year’s Eve and weather was bitterly cold. Snow was falling and darkness was
gathering.
ii) The slipper the girl wore was of no use because they are out sized as they were of her
mother. She was not having slipper of her own so she wore her mother’s slippers which
were out sized for her. Also she lost those slippers when she was escaping from two
carriages that were running very fast.

iii) The girl was dejected and poor in very sense because she was bare feet and was sent out
on a cold night outside to sell matches, which was another form of begging at that time. No
one bought matches from her so she was unable to earn a single penny. She was shivering
and hungry.

iv)Girl was out in the cold to earn some money. The girl did not dare to go home as she was
unable to earn a single penny. She was unable to earn because no one buyed her
matches.Her father would surely beat her if she returned empty hand; moreover it was so
cold at home because there was nothing but a roof above them.

v) The appropriation of the title of the story is judged by how well it reflects the content of
the story. The title little match girl is quite apt as it revolves around a little girl who sells
matches. She had not given a name as she represents one of The many poor children
belonging to lower class in Victorian Era, who had to face hardship because of poverty.

Passage - 2

i) ‘The Little Match Girl’ or the protagonist of the story is refferred to ‘little maiden’ in the
extract. She lost her slippers when she was escaping from two carriages that were running
very fast. One could not be found and other was taken by a boy.

ii) The little girl is trying to sell matches to earn. It was another form of begging in the
Victorian Era.

iii) The girl has been described as 'a very picture of sorrow' because every aspect of her has
a sorrow to explain. Her Feet, selling matches, ruthless father, and no proper roof over the
head and the chilly night on which she was forced to be out; explain her sorrowful condition
making her a subject of pity.

iv) '....no one had given her a single penny all day. She crept along, shivering and hungry,
the picture of misery, poor little thing!' These lines tell us that she was trembling with cold
and suffering from hunger too. She could not think beyond the smell of roast goose in the
street.

v) The story is meant to teach, especially the wealthy, to show empathy for those, who do
not have the basic necessities OT life. It reminds them not to overlook the needs of the less
fortunate, especially the innocent children. It coaxes them to be charitable and help the
poor during the festivals and throughout the year, to alleviate their suffering.The purpose of
this story is very meaningful because it is an issue that is not only limited to those times but
relevant to today.
Passage 3

i) The girl huddled down in a heap in a corner formed by two houses, one of which projected
further out into the street than the other. Her thin hands were almost numb with cold
which she tried to warm up by lighting match sticks.

ii) The little girl's grandma had told her that whenever a star falls, a soul goes up to God .The
little girl was trying to warm herself up by lighting the match stick and when she lit the first
match stick she felt as if she were sitting in front of a large iron stove. She felt so because
the light from the matchstick was so important for her at that time that it seemed like a
large iron stove.

iii) The girl had an affection-less relation with her father. Her father was ruthless who sent
her out to earn money in such cold. She was a victim of child abuse and was not fed and
clothed properly.She was scared to go home for the fear of being beaten by her father. The
warmth of love which she should have got from her father was substituted by her lighting
matches.

iv) The story is set on a New Year's Eve. It's cold and snowy outside with the wind making it
colder. The sky is dark with clouds setting a gloomy and fearful atmosphere, hinting that
something bad is likely to happen the setting hints us about the huge divide between the
rich and the poor during the time. Had the setting been elsewhere the atmosphere could
not be correlative.

Passage-4

i) When the girl lit the first match it seemed as if she were Sitting in front of a great iron
stove. The fire burnt so beautifully and gave out such lovely warmth which did not last long
as the stove vanished as the matchstick extinguished leaving her with the burnt match in
her hand.

ii) When the girl lit the second matchstick she saw a roast goose stuffed with apple and
dried plums, which hopped down from the dish and came up to her, seeing the goose come
to her symbolizes her hunger pangs.

iii) The little small and poor girl, who is suffering from cold and hunger and apathy of the
people around her imagined about certain things which she desperately longed for and
which made her feet better, including an iron stove, a huge Christmas tree and a table laden
with delicious food. The girl imagines her deceased grandmother's face just because, she
had faith and hope.

iv) The light from the matches symbolize the light of God and hope. They are symbolic of
the warmth which the little girl is longing for
v) When the little girl lit the match stick for the third time she saw her old grandmother.
She was delighted to see her and said her to take her along. She did not want her to vanish
As the rest of her visions had vanished so she lit up the entire bundle of matches to keep her
grandmother in visibility.

Passage-5.

i) At the end the grandmother took the little Girl in her arms and flew up with her. She took
her away from all sorrows. Now she will not be disturbed with cold. Hunger and fear they
are with god now.

Nobody helped her in any way. The next morning. The little Girl’s dead body was found with
the clutched between her fingers.

ii) We all prefer happy endings because it makes us feel good but sad endings always have a
deeper impact and reach us things which stay with us for long. If l could change the ending
of the story then I would like the girl to be saved at the end by some messiah who would
intervene to help her and take her to a safer place.

iii) The little nameless girl is the main character of the story. She had rosy cheeks and long
curly hair. She belonged to a poor household. She was sent out on a chilly winter night by
her father to sell matches. She was a victim of child abuse and could not do anything to save
herself. The visions she saw signify her longing but finally she find peace in her dead
grandmother's arms. The little girl is not a simple character but a symbol of the prevalent
conditions of the society. She arouses pity in our mind and forces us to look on our behavior
and outlook which should be more somber towards the needy and especially the children.

iv) 'Rosy checks' and 'smiling lips' signify the girl who is now frozen to death on the last
evening of the old year. Her ’smiling lips' indicate that she was happy to go with her
grandmother and was happy with the beautiful visions she saw.

v) The little girl's grandmother was dead but was the only person, whom she remembered
fondly. She has been described as the only one who loved the little girl.

It seems that the little girl used to hear stories from her grandmother as she remembered
her grandmother's view about the stars falling from the sky. The memory of her
grandmother's helped her keep warm while others ignored her.

The blue bead

EXTRACT I

(i)Sleepers are rectangular pieces of timber, stone or steel which are specifically cut for
construction of building and railway tracks. Timber is less denser than water. So it floats.
British used rivers for transportation of timber, not by boats, but by directly floating them
till they reach their destination.

(ii)Dislodge is an act of forcefully removing something from its position. Sleepers that are
lying stuck in the stones can be dislodged by delivering sufficient force, manually or
mechanically, to the sleepers using a lever like contrivance. Also, floods can lift them and
jostle them along.

(iii)The crocodile had come from deep black. water of the river where the flowing streams
produced whirlpools.He had come to glassy shallows of the river to rest.He balanced his
body on tiptoe on the rippled sand so that only his eyes and nostrils were visible above the
water. He lay in the water motionless breathing clean sunny air.

(iv)The crocodile raised his eyes to get a clear sight of the area around the stepping stones
and raised his nostrils to breath easily, this enabled him to lay motionless and concealed, in
ambush, for prolonged duration. (v)Over the years, the crocodile had grown, from a baby
crocodile vulnerable to birds of prey and carnivorous fishes, into a juggernaut so ferocious
and formidable that nothing could pierce his inch-thick armored hide- The author is
suggesting that the crocodile is invincible as he is covered with thick-Armour like hide which
even a bullet cannot pierce.

EXTRACT II

(i)A mugger crocodile is a species of freshwater crocodile with a short snout found
throughout the Indian subcontinent.

(ii) a)It means a large reptile which is very old as if it belonged to the times before the
biblical flood. b)something which has been in existence from very old times and is unstop-
able.

(iii)The crocodile with a huge tail was twice the length of a tall man. His colour was blackish
brown on above and yellowy white on underside. A throb in his throat and his mouth was
closed and fixed in evil bony. The crocodile used unimaginable and irresistible power of his
huge tail to move in water. His hide was one inch thick and nothing could pierce it.

(iv)The crocodile is described as "an antediluvian saurian, a prehistoric juggernaut, ferocious

and formidable, a vast force in water, propelled by unimaginable and irresistible power of
the huge tail", suggests that he was a strong and dangerous animal

(v)The crocodile balanced on tiptoe on the rippled sand of the shallows with only his eyes
and nostrils raised out of water so that he could see and breathe easily.

Extract III
 (i)The crocodile hatched from an egg, probably a hundred years ago, in a sandbank. The
crocodile was very active because as soon as he managed to get his head out of his shell he
was looking around ready to snap at anything even before he was fully hatched.

(ii)It means making use of one's craft and ferocity guided purely by natural instinct. The
young crocodile could escape from predators by instinctively using his skills and fierceness.

(iii)The young crocodile faced the dangers of getting eaten by birds of prey and great
carnivorous fishes who fed on baby crocodiles.

(iv)The young crocodile caught the food and stored it in holes in the river bank. The big
crocodile fed mostly on fish but had also caught deer, monkeys, and ducks. He had also
sometimes fed on pi-dog full of parasites and a skeleton cow. Sometimes he went down to
the burning ghats and fed on half-burned bodies of Indians cast into the stream.

(v)The body of crocodile is protected with one inch thick. layer of armoured hide on the
above- His eyes and the soft underarms made him vulnerable to an attack. Nothing can
pierce it, even rifle bullets would bounce off.

My greatest Olympic prize

Extract I

i) The games mentioned in the above extract are the Olympic Games which were held in
Berlin at 1936. The author who is Jesse Owens wasn’t too worried about them.

ii) The nationalistic feelings were high during these games because of Hitler’s childish theory
of Aryan-Superiority according to which Aryans were the master race and superior than any
other race.

iii) The speaker expected to win a gold medal in long jump. He expected to win a gold medal
because he trained himself and practiced hard for six years to win a medal at the Olympics.

iv) The speaker saw a tall boy, who was a German athlete named Luz Long. Owens was told
that Hitler had kept him under wraps. According to speaker if Luz Long won, it would add
some new support to Nazi’s Aryan-Superiority theory.

v) Owens trained himself and practiced hard for six years in order to succeed in the
competition (Olympics).

Extract II

i) The speaker of above lines is Jesse Owens. Feeling of hatred and anger for German athlete
occupied Owens’ mind due to which he did not performed well. He thought that if Luz Long
won than it would add some new support to Aryan-Superiority theory. So he became angry
as he wanted to prove Hitler wrong.
ii) a) Being Angry.

b) Political title given to Adolf Hitler.

iii) Speaker was determined to go out in the field where long jump trails were held . He
intended to prove Hitler’s Aryan-Superiority theory wrong.

iv) The speaker’s performance at the trials was faulty. Feeling of hatred and anger for
German athlete occupied Owens’ mind due to which he did not performed well. He thought
that if Luz Long won than it would add some new support to Aryan-Superiority theory. So he
became angry as he wanted to prove Hitler wrong.

v) Nazis believed in the theory of racial hierarchy, identifying Germans as a part of Aryan
on Nordic master race. They believed that Germans are Superior than any other race in the
world.

Extract III

i) Feeling of hatred and anger for German athlete Luz Long occupied Owens’ mind due to
which he fouled on his first two attempts. He thought that if Luz Long won than it would add
some new support to Aryan-Superiority theory. He became angry as he wanted to prove
Hitler wrong and fouled in his first to attempts and ended up fouling in his first two
attempts.

ii) The speaker walked few yards from the pit and kicked disgustedly at the dirt. Luz Long
who was a German athlete offered him a firm handshake and comforted him and gave him a
friendly advice which vanished Owens anger.

iii) Luz Long, who comforted and guided the speaker, was a tall and strikingly handsome,
chiseled face boy with blue eyes and blonde hairs. He had a lean muscular frame. His accent
was German.

iv) It was said by Luz Long who was a German athlete. He said the above lines in order to
comfort Jesse Owens.

v) Luz advised Owens to play safe and jump a few inches before the usual take-off spot. Yes,
the advice proved to be successful as Owens qualified for finals.

Extract 4

i) Owens fouled on his first two attempts and was completely tensed at the thought of not
being able to qualify for the final round, if he would give a similar performance in the third
attempt. The humble and friendly advice of Luz Long released his tension.

ii) Jesse walked over to Luz Long’s room in the Olympic village to thank him. He sat together
with Luz and talked for two hours.
iii) Yes , I agree that if it hadn’t been for Luz Long , Owens probably wouldn’t have qualified
for the finals.Luz Long was the man who encouraged Owens when he was undergoing
frustration and mental agony. Luz helped him qualify for the finals by giving him valuable
tips.

iv) In the finals, Luz broke his own past record. In doing so he pushed Jesse to a peak
performance. Jesse won a gold medal and Olympic record of 26 feet 5-5/16 inches.

v) Luz Long was a true sportsman. Fair play and love of Games was more important for him
than winning. Hence he wanted Owens to do his best even if that meant his own defeat.

Extract 5

i) Carat is a term used to measure the gold content or purity. 24 carat gold is also called pure
gold, i.e. gold without traces of any other metal. Therefore 24-carat friendship signifies the
true and pure friendship Owens felt for Luz Long, which was free of traces of hate , anger
and malice.

ii) [Answer according to your understanding]

iii) As soon as Owens won, Luz Long congratulated him heartily. He was not disappointed for
himself but happy for Owens. Despite the fact that Hitler glared at them, Luz did not
hesitate and shook his hand hard.

iv) According to Coubertin the important thing in Olympic Games is not winning but taking
part and the essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.

v) The pure friendship of German athlete Luz Long is considered as the greatest Olympic
prize.

Though Jesse won four gold medals in the Berlin Olympics 1936, Luz Long was the man who
encouraged Jesse when he was undergoing frustration and mental agony. Luz helped him
qualify for the finals by giving him valuable tips. They shared their thoughts and became
good friends. And what was most striking, Luz Long showed genuine happiness when Jesse
won the gold medal. Luz Long was an epitome of the true sportsmanship and true
friendship. That is why Jesse felt that Luz’s friendship was the greatest Olympic prize he had
won.

All summer in a day

Extract I

(i)In the above extract the children are getting ready for the moment when the rainfall
would stop. They are peering out of huge glass windows for a look at the sun which is
hidden, and as predicted by the scientists, was expected to come out of clouds soon. This
suggests that these children live somewhere where sight of sun is rare.
(ii)The characters are getting ready for the moment when the rainfall would stop for two
hours so that they could go out for a glimpse at the sun and basked in the sunshine.

(iii)The story is set on the planet Venus where it rains incessantly and the sky is forever
filled with clouds hiding the sun during daytime.

(iv)The children are peering out of huge glass windows of an underground school building
for a look at the hidden sun which is expected to come out of clouds soon.

(v)The children are compared with so many roses and so many weeds intermixed together.
The author is comparing the children to roses and weeds, because they are closely bunching
together and just like roses and weeds they need sunlight. The author is also hinting that
they are not all sweetness and innocence.

Extract II

(i)A group of school children lived on the planet Venus with their families. They are the
children of men and women who had come to Venus from Earth on rockets to set up a
civilisation and live out their lives in underground colonies. They were born on Venus and
were only two years old when the sun was last seen. They seem excited about appearance
of the sun and are looking forward to experiencing sunshine for the first time in their lives.

(ii)The phrase “rocket men and women” refer to people who had migrated from Earth to
Venus in rockets.

(iii)The planet Venus is referred to as the “raining world” because it rains there incessantly.
The sun remains hidden and comes out of cloud for only one hour, once every seven years.

(iv)It has been raining constantly for seven years and the rain was now stopping.

The characters are schoolchildren who are nine years old and do not remember to have
seen the sun before. Continuous rainstorms on planet Venus had confined their activities
within echoing tunnels of the underground city. Since, the sunshine was a rare occurrence
on Venus, children are excited and are looking forward to basking under brilliant sunshine
for the first time in their lives.

(v)The story is based on science fiction because it takes place in distant future on planet
Venus. Men and women from Earth had gone there in rockets to set up civilization and live
out their lives in underground buildings. Also, in reality, Venus is a hot planet with
atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon dioxide, clouds of sulfuric acid and trace amounts
of water. But in the story it is described as a “raining world” where days are filled with the
drum and gush of water

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