Project Report on Green House Effect

INTRODUCTON

Green House Effect is heating up of earth's

atmosphere due to the trapping of intra-red ray. by
the carbon dioxide layer in the atmosphere is called
green-house effect.
The green-house effect in the atmosphere occurs due
to the presence of a blanket of carbon-dioxide gas in
the atmosphere. This blanket of carbon dioxide gas in
the atmosphere allows the sunlight to come in freely
but does not allow the intra-red radiation reflected by
the earth's surface to go out. It is just because the sun
light can come in freely but the intra-red rays cannot
go out freely that the temperature of earth's
atmosphere is raised.
The rise in temperature produce gas in the by green-
house effect on earth's atmosphere depends on the
amount of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. In
other words, the proportion of carbon dioxide in
atmosphere effects the temperature of atmosphere.
What is Green House Effect ?

The name "Green-house effect" comes from the

fact that this effect is use in horticulture for the
up bringing of green plant's in small house made
of glass walls and glass root. The green walls
and roofs of a green-house allows the sun-light
to come in freely but it does not allows the long
wavelength infrared radiations reflected by the
soil, plants and other contents of green house to
go out. These trapped intra-red rays show their
heating effect due to which the temperature is
raised inside the green house. Thus, even
without an external supply of heat, the
temperature inside a green house is found to be
higher than it is outside. Thus, green house acts
as a heat trap. Due to the presence of carbon
dioxide, our atmosphere acts like the glass rat
of an ordinary horticultural green-house.
 Green House Gases Effect and
Global Warming

Sun emits light of different wavelengths

consisting of ultra-violet, visible region and
intra-red of these the harmful ultra. Violet
radiations one absorbed by the ozone layer in
the stratosphere and warm the air rather than
coming to the surface of the earths. The visible
and intra-red radiations pass through the
atmosphere and reach the surface of the earth.
However, some of the light incident on the earth
is reflected back.
The increase in average global temperature can
have the following effects on the climate of the
earth.
a.In temperature regions, the summer will be
longer and hotler and winter will be shorter and
warmer. A warmer climate will make certain
cities extremely hot to live.
b. There will be increase in total amount of
global rainfall but some regions will receive less
rainfall.
c. The number of days having intense showers and
high temperature both will increase.
d. The problem of desertification bought and
soil erosion will become more worese.
e.As a result of rise in temperature of the earth,
ocean will get warm up and sea level would rise
flooding low lying regions. The increase in sea
level would have profound effects on habitation
patterns and will threaten to submerge many
coastal countries like. Bangladesh, Indonesia,
Maldives, parts of coastal India and many other
island nations.
f. Increase in greenhouse effect is expected to
cause cooling of the stratosphere. This is
because most thermal IR radiation will be
absorbed at low attitudes and little will be left to
warm stratosphere.
g. Tropical storms, hurricanes etc will be
stronger and more frequent and will cause
devastation.
h. Some areas may become more humid or
welter or some other areas will become dry. The
tropics may become wetter and the subtropics
which are already dry, are expected to be drier.
i. Due to global warming, human health will be
affected. Increased number of hot days and
extreme weather may cause chronic.
j. Insect carrying diseases such as malaria may
also increase.
k. Animal health will also be affected due to
spread of diseases by parasites.
l. Ocean temperature change may also affect
marine life adversely.
Excessive Greenhouse Gases Lead to Warming

Greenhouse gases surround the Earth like a blanket. As we use

burn more coal, natural gas, and oil, the blanket becomes
excessively thick, dense, and less likely to allow heat to escape.
Heat gets trapped inside the blanket of greenhouse gases and
the Earth becomes too warm.
Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide
(N2O), and methane (CH4), trap heat in the atmosphere. With higher-
than-natural concentrations, they lead to unnatural warming.

CONSEQUENCES OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

The increase in the average temperature on Earth is changing living

conditions on the planet. Let's find out about the main consequences of
this phenomenon:

 Thawing of glacial masses

Glacial retreat also has its own consequences: reduced

albedo — the percentage of solar radiation that the earth's
surface reflects or returns to the atmosphere —, a global rise
in sea level and the release of large methane columns are
 only some of them, however, they are all dramatic for the
planet.

 Flooding of islands and coastal cities

As stated in the fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014), during the period 1901-
2010 the global average sea level rose 19 centimetres. It is
estimated that by 2100 the sea level will be between 15 and 90
centimetres higher than it is now and will threaten 92 million
people.

 Hurricanes will be more devastating

The intensification of the greenhouse effect does not cause these
extreme climatic events, but it does increase there
intensity. Hurricanes are connected with sea temperature —
they only form over waters that have a temperature of at least
26.51 ºC —.

 Migration of species
Many animal species will be forced to migrate in order to survive
the changes in the main climatic patterns altered by the progressive
increase in temperatures. Human beings will also have to move:
according to the World Bank, by 2050 the number of people
forced to flee their homes due to extreme droughts or violent
floods could reach 140 million.

 Desertification of fertile areas

Global warming is having a profound impact on the processes of
soil degradation and is contributing to the desertification of the
most arid areas on the planet. Desertification destroys all the
biological potential of affected regions, turning them into barren
and unproductive land. As recognised by the UN on the occasion
of the World Day to Combat Desertification in 2018, 30% of land
has been degraded and lost its real value.
  Impact on agriculture and livestock
Global warming has already altered the length of the growing
season in large parts of the planet. Similarly, changes in
temperatures and seasons are influencing the proliferation of
insects, invasive weeds and diseases that can affect crops. The
same is happening with livestock: climatic changes are directly
affecting important species in multiple ways: reproduction,
metabolism, diseases,

CONSEQUENCES OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT ON

HUMAN HEALTH
The greenhouse effect is also directly affecting human health
through:
 Food shortages
The United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
states that climate change is raising serious doubts about
food availability: in its last biennial report on the state of
world food and agriculture, it warns that a decline in
agricultural production would result in food shortages, most
severely affecting sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
 The spread of diseases and pandemics
In addition to the problems derived directly from pollution, the
World Health Organization (WHO) states that global warming
will cause infectious diseases such as malaria, cholera or
dengue to spread to many more areas of the planet. On the
other hand, extreme heat will increase and aggravate
cardiovascular and respiratory problems.