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Arindam Bhadra
Digital Security Control & solutions, This blog is meant as a resource for Security Professionals,Property Managers, Builders, Designing Consultants,
Architects, Project Managers, Law makers, Building approving authorities, Facility Managers, Security & Safety Officers & System Integrators. For Safety visit
http://bhadrafiresafety.blogspot.in/
MONDAY, JULY 20, 2015 YOUR IP ADD &

LOCATION
Design of CCTV System Hello, visitor from:

Chennai, India
CCTV system design Your Country Code:
Designing a CCTV system is a complex task, requiring at least basic knowledge of all the stages in a system, as well as its Your IP State:
Nadu
components. But more importantly, prior to designing the system, we need to know what the customer expects from it.
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123.63.24.30
Understanding the customer’s requirements Your Hostname:
The first and most important preparation before commencing the design is to know and understand the customer’s requirements. 123.63.24.30
Customers can be technically oriented people, and many understand CCTV as well as you do, but most often they are not aware of Your ISP: Vodafone India
the latest technical developments and capabilities of each component. Your Organization:
The most important thing to understand is the general concept of the surveillance the customer wants, Constant monitoring of Vodafone India
cameras and activities undertaken by 24-hour security personnel, or perhaps just an unattended operation (usually with constant
recording), or maybe a mixture of the two. Once you understand their general requirements, it might be a good idea to explain to them Powered by
what is achievable with the equipment you would be suggesting. This is reasonably easy to accomplish with smaller and simpler
systems, but once they grow to a size of more than 10 cameras some of which could be PTZs, LIVE TRAFFIC FEED
a few monitors, more than one control point, a number of alarms, VCRs, and the like, things will get tougher. Live Traffic Feed
A visitor from Chennai, Tamil
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Many unknown variables need to be considered: What happens if a number of alarms go off simultaneously? Which monitor should
4 hrs 56 mins ago
display the alarms? Will the alarms be recorded if the DVR/VCR(s) is/are playing back? What is the level of priority for each operator?
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And so on. "Arindam Bhadra: Design of
CCTV System
Those are the variables that define the system complexity and as in mathematics, in order to solve a system with more variables, one A
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needs to know more parameters. They can be specified by the customer, but only after the customer has understood the technical viewed "Arindam Bhadra: UTP
5 hrs 21 mins ago
capabilities of the equipment. A visitor from Chennai, Tamil
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Understandably, it is imperative for you, as a CCTV expert, to know the components, hardware, and software you would be offering 5 hrs 30 mins ago
and to achieve what is required in the best possible way. You can create a favorable impression in the customer’s mind if at the end A visitor from Chennai, Tamil
you give him or her as much as, or even more than, what you have promised. You will prove unsatisfactory if you do not. Remember Nadu viewed "
5 hrs 48 mins ago
that if the customer is fully satisfied the first time, chances are he or she will come back to do business with you again. To put it
simply: Do not claim the system will do this and that if you are not certain; make sure your system delivers what you say it will.
Nadu viewed "
6 hrs 8 mins ago
So, to design a good, functional system, one has to know the components used, their benefits and limitations, how they interconnect,
A visitor from Baia Mare,
and how the customer wants them to be used. Maramures viewed "
The first few parts are assumed to be fulfilled, since you would not be doing that job unless you knew a few things about CCTV. The Bhadra: Camera Power
last one – what the customer wants – can be determined during the first phone call or meeting. Considerations
ago
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Usually, the next step is to conduct a site inspection. Here is a short list of questions you should ask your customer prior to designing 6 hrs 11 mins ago
the system and before or during the site inspection:
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• What is the main purpose of the CCTV system? Bhadra: HD-TVI, HD-CVI,
If it is a deterrent, you need to plan for cameras and monitors that will be displayed to the public. HD-SDI, HD-AHD, Analog &
A
IP visitor
Camera" from Guadalajara,
6 hrs 13 mins ago
If it is a concealed surveillance, you will need to pay special attention to the camera type and
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size, its protection, concealed cabling, and the like, as well as when it is supposed to be installed
Bhadra: Difference between
(after hours perhaps). 1080p and 2160p
ago
• Who will be the operator(s) ?
If a dedicated 24 hour guard is going to use the system, the alarm response needs to be different Real-time view · Get Feedjit
from that expected when unattended, or a partially attended, system operation.
• Will it be a monochrome or color system ? TOTAL PAGEVIEWS

The answer to this question will dictate the price, as well as the minimum illumination response.
Consequently, the lighting in the area needs to be looked at. A color picture will give more details about the observed events, but if the intention
is to see images in very low light levels, or with infrared lights, there is no other alternative but B/W cameras (unless the customer is prepared to
pay for some of the new cameras available on the market that switch between color and monochrome operation).
http://arindamcctvaccesscontrol.blogspot.in/ 9/18/2015
The price of a color system is dictated not only by the cameras, but also by the monitors, multiplexers, and/or quads (if any). Needless to say,
sequential or matrix switchers, as well as time-lapse VCRs, are the same for both B/W and color.
• How many cameras are to be used ? WELCOME TO MY BLOG
A small system with up to half a dozen cameras can be easily handled by a switcher or multiplexer, but
bigger systems usually need a matrix switcher or a larger number of switchers and multiplexers. ARINDAM BHADRA
• How many of the cameras will be fixed focal length and how many PTZ ?
There is a big difference in price between the two because if a PTZ camera is used instead of a fixed one, the extra cost is in the zoom lens (as
opposed to the fixed one), the pan and tilt head or dome, the site driver, and the control keyboard to control it. But the advantages your
customer will get having a PTZ camera will be quadrupled. If on top of this, preset positioning PTZ cameras are used, the system flexibility and Arindam Bhadra
efficiency will be too great to be compared with the fixed camera system. A system with only one PTZ camera and half a dozen fixed ones is a Kolkata, West Bengal,
choice that may require a matrix switcher for control and will increase the price dramatically (compared to a system with only fixed cameras). India
Alternatively, single PTZ camera control can be achieved via a special single-camera digital or hard-wired controller, but they would also Mr. Arindam Bhadra is a
increase the price considerably. So, if a PTZ camera is required, it would be more economical to have more than one PTZ camera. freelance writer,
professional blogger of
Best leading Tech Blog in
• How many monitors and control keyboards are required?
India. His blog
If it is a small system, one monitor and keyboard is the logical proposal, but once you get more operators and/or channels to control and view arindamcctvaccesscontrol.
simultaneously, it becomes harder to plan a practical blogspot.com &
and efficient system. Then, an inspection of the control room is necessary in order to plan the bhadrafiresafety.blogspot.c
equipment layout and interconnection. om focuses on security &
Safety bloggers. Apart from
• Will the system be used for live monitoring (which will require an instant response to alarms), or perhaps his job, he loved to spends
all his time with eSecurity &
recording of the signals for later review and verification ? Safety technology and
This question will define whether you need to use DVR/VCR(s) with multiplexer(s). If you have a matrix switcher, you will still need a multiplexer loves to help people. He is
or two in addition. Have in mind that the time lapse mode you are going to use depends on how often the tapes can be changed, and this a Tech enthusiast and has
defines the update rate of each camera recorded. Choose, whenever possible, a pair of 9-way (or 8-way) multiplexers instead of one 16-way, if written articles over the
you want to minimize the time delay in the recording rate update. period on this blog. You
can follow him on
Facebook, Twitter, VK,
• What transmission media can be used on the premises ? Vox, Pinterest, LinkedIn &
Usually, a coaxial cable is taken as an unwritten rule and installation should be planned accordingly. Sometimes, however, there is no choice Google+ etc.
but to use a wireless microwave or even a fiber optics transmission, which will add considerably to the total price. If the premises are subject to
View my complete profile
regular
lightning activity, you had better propose fiber optics from the beginning and explain to the customer the savings in the long run. So, you have to
find out more about the environment in which the system is going, what is physically possible and what is not, and then plan an adequate video 11
and data transmission media.
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• Lastly and probably the most important thing to find out, if possible, is what sort of budget is planned for such a
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CCTV system?
This question will define and clarify some of the previous queries and will force you to narrow down either the type of equipment, the number of All Comments
cameras, or how the system is expected to work. Although this is one of the most important factors, it should not force you to downgrade the
system to something that you know will not operate satisfactorily.
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If the budget cannot allow for the desired system, it is still good to go back to the customer with a system proposal that you are convinced will
work as per his or her requirements (even if it is over budget) and another one designed within the budget with as many features as the budget
will allow for. This will usually force you to narrow down the number of cameras, or change some from PTZ to fixed. The strongest argument you
should put forward when suggesting your design is that a CCTV system should be a secure one, which can only be the case if it is done
properly. Thus, by having a well-designed system, bigger savings will be made in the long run.
By presenting a fair and detailed explanation of how you think the system should work, the customer will usually accept the proposal.
Site inspections
After the initial conversation with the customer and assuming you have a reasonably good idea of what is desired, you have to make a site BLOG ARCHIVE
inspection where you would usually collect the following information: September 2009
• Cameras: type (i.e., B/W or color, fixed or PTZ, Resolution, etc.). October 2009 (3)
• Lenses: angles of view, zoom magnification ratio for zoom lenses (12.5–75 mm, 8–80 mm, etc.).
November 2009
• Camera protection: housing type (standard, weatherproof, dome, discrete, etc.) mounting.
December 2009
during various days of the year, both summer and winter. This will be very important for overall picture quality. January 2010 (3)
• Video receiving equipment: location, control room area, physical space, and the console. February 2010
• Monitors: Resolution, size, position, mounting, and the like. March 2010 (3)
April 2010 (3)
(VA rating in that case). May 2010 (3)
June 2010 (3)
recommended for bigger systems)? Where are they going to be mounted? What type of brackets ?
July 2010 (3)
August 2010 (3)
good picture is to try and keep the camera from directly facing light. September 2010
October 2010 (3)
November 2010
December 2010
costs or technical difficulties that would be impossible to solve. It is always easier to deter the customer from making changes by explaining why January 2011 (3)
in the initial stage, rather than having to do so later in the course of installation, when additional costs will be unavoidable. February 2011
To know more just read Condensed Code BS EN 62676-4 and BS EN 50132-7, BS EN 62676-4 Clause 4.4 & BS EN 62676-4 Clause 4.5.
March 2011 (3)
April 2011 (3)
Designing and quoting a CCTV system May 2011 (3)
With all of the above information, as well as the product knowledge (which needs constant updating), you need to sit down and think.
June 2011 (3)
Designing a system, like designing anything new, is a form of art. As is true of many artists, your work may not be rewarded immediately, or it
July 2011 (3)
may not be accepted for some reason. But think positively and concentrate as if that is to be the best system you can propose. With a little bit of
luck you may make August 2011 (3)
it the best, and tomorrow you can proudly show it to your colleagues and customers. Different people will use different methods when designing September 2011
a system. There is, however, an easy and logical beginning. October 2011 (3)
Always start with a hand drawing of what you think the system should feature. Draw the monitors, cameras, housings, interconnecting cables, November 2011
power supplies, and so on. While drawing you will see the physical interconnection and component requirements. Then you will not omit any of December 2011
the little things
January 2012 (3)
that can sometimes be forgotten, such as camera brackets, types of cable used, and cable length. Making even a rough hand sketch will bring
February 2012
you to some corrections, improvements, or perhaps further inquiries to the customer. You may, for example, have forgotten to check what the
maximum distance for the PTZ control is, or how far the operators are to be from the central video processing equipment, power cable March 2012 (5)
distances, voltage drops, and so on. April 2012 (5)
Once you have made the final hand drawing, you will know what equipment is required, and it is at May 2012 (3)
this point that you can make a listing of the proposed equipment. Then, perhaps, you will come to June 2012 (4)
the stage of matching camera/lens combinations. Make sure that they will fit in the housings or domes
July 2012 (3)
you intend to use. This is another chance to glance through the supplier’s specifications booklet. Do not forget to take into account some trivial
August 2012 (3)
things that may make installation difficult, like the coaxial cable space behind the camera (remember, it is always good to have at least 50 mm
for BNC terminations), the focusing movement of a zoom lens (as mentioned earlier in the chapter on zoom lenses, in a lot of zoom lenses September 2012
focusing near makes the front optical element protrude for an additional couple of millimeters), and so on. October 2012 (3)
November 2012
December 2012
January 2013 (3)
February 2013
March 2013 (3)
April 2013 (3)
May 2013 (3)
June 2013 (3)
July 2013 (3)
August 2013 (3)
September 2013
October 2013 (3)
November 2013
December 2013
January 2014 (3)
February 2014
March 2014 (3)
April 2014 (3)
May 2014 (3)
June 2014 (3)
July 2014 (3)
August 2014 (3)
The next stage is pricing the equipment – costs, sales tax and duty, installation costs, profit margins and the most important of all (especially for September 2014
the customer) the total price. October 2014 (4)
November 2014
Do not forget to include commissioning costs in there, although a lot of people break that up and show the commissioning figure separately. This
December 2014
is more of a practical matter, since the commissioning cost
may vary considerably and it could take longer or shorter than planned. General practical experience January 2015 (3)
shows that it will always take at least three times longer than planned. Also, in the commissioning fees, February 2015
time should be allocated for the CCTV operator’s training. March 2015 (3)
After this step has been completed, you need to make a final and more accurate drawing of the system you are proposing. This can be hand April 2015 (3)
drawn, but most CCTV designers these days use computers and CAD programs. It is easier and quicker (once you get used to it), and it looks
May 2015 (2)
better.
June 2015 (2)
Also, the hand-calculated price needs to be written in a quotation form, with a basic explanation of
July 2015 (3)
how the system will work and what it will achieve. It is important for this to be written in a concise
and simple, yet precise form, because quotations and proposals (besides being read by security managers and technical people) are also read
by nontechnical people such as purchasing officers and accountants. TRANSLATE
Often, spreadsheet programs are used for the purpose of precise calculation, and this is another chance to double-check the equipment listing Select Language
with your drawing and make sure nothing has been left out.
As with any quotation, it is more professional to have a set of brochures enclosed for the components
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you are proposing.
In the quotation, you should not forget to include your company’s terms and conditions of sale which HD-TVI, HD-
will protect your legal position. CVI, HD-SDI,
If the quotation is a response to a tender invitation, you will most likely need to submit a statement of compliance. HD-AHD,
This is where you confirm whether your equipment complies or does not comply with the tender requirements. This is where you also have to Analog & IP
Camera
highlight eventual extra benefits and features your equipment offers. In the tender, you may also be asked to commit yourself to the progress of
HD-TVI, HD-
the work CVI, HD-SDI,
and supply work insurance cover, in which case you will need a little bit of help from your accountant and/or legal advisor. AHD, A nalog
Many specialized companies only design and supply CCTV equipment, in which case you will need to get a quote from a specialized installer, & IP Camera Even we
who, understandably, will need to inspect the site. It is a good practice, at the end, to have all the text, drawings, and brochures bound in a enter into digital era,
analog surveillance
single document, in a few copies, so as to be practical and efficient for reviewing and discussions. technology doesn't stop i...
Installation considerations Difference

between SQL
If you are a CCTV system designer, you do not have to worry about how certain cables will be pulled through a ceiling, raisers, or camera pole SERVER
mounting; that is the installer’s job. But it would be very helpful and will save a lot of money, if you have some knowledge in that area. If nothing 2000,2005,2
008 and
else, it is a
2012
good practice, before you prepare the final quotation, to take your preferred installer on site, so that you can take into account his or her SQL SERVER 2000:
comments and suggestions of how the practical installation should be carried out. 1.Query Analyser and
First, the most important thing to consider is the type of cable to be used for video, power, and data transmission, their distances and protection Enterprise manager are
from mechanical damage, electromagnetic radiation, ultraviolet protection, rain, salty air, and the like. For this purpose it is handy to know the separate. 2.No XML
datatype is used. 3.We can
surrounding area, especially if you have powerful electrical machinery next door, which consumes a lot of current and could possibly affect the create maximum of 65,53...
video and control signals. Powerful electric motors that start and stop often may produce a very strong electromagnetic field and may even
affect the phase stability of the mains. This in turn will affect the camera synchronization (if line-locked cameras are used) as well as the Analysis and Comparison
monitor’s picture display. of 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and
6G Telecom Services
For example, there might be a radio antenna installed in the vicinity, whose radiation harmonics may influence the highfrequency signals your
Until the controversial
CCTV system uses. spectrum scams were
Mounting considerations are also important at both the camera and monitor end. If poles are to be installed, not only the height, but also the brought up in the lime light
elasticity of the poles is important. Steel poles, for example, are much more elastic than concrete poles. If a PTZ camera is installed, the zoom many were ignorant of
what 1G, 2G or 3G stood
lens magnification factor will also magnify the pole’s movement which could result from wind, or vibrations from the pan/tilt head movement
for and all of a su...
itself. This magnification factor is the same as the optical magnification (i.e., a zoom lens, when fully zoomed in, may magnify a 1mm movement
of the camera due to wind to a 1 m variation at the object plane). CCTV Index /
The shape of the pole is also very important Video
Surveillance
– hexagonal poles are less elastic than round ones of the same height and diameter.
Guide
The same logic applies to camera and pan/tilt head mounting brackets. A very cheap bracket of a bad design can cause an unstable and 2B+D ISDN’s
oscillating picture from even the best camera. basic service is called
If the system needs to be installed in a prestigious hotel or shopping center, the aesthetics are an additional factor to determine the type of Basic Rate Interface or
brackets and mounting. It is especially important then not to have any cables hanging. BRI. BRI is made of two
64-kbps B channels and
The monitoring end demands attention to all aspects. It needs to be durable (people will be working with the equipment day and night), or one 16-kbps D channel
aesthetical (it should look good) and practical (easy to see pictures, without getting tired of too much noise and flashing screens). (2B+D)...
Since all of the cables used in a system wind up at the monitoring end and in most cases this is the same room where the equipment is located,
special attention needs to be paid to cable arrangement and protection. Access
Control
Often, cables lying around on the floor for a few days (during the installation) are subject to people walking on them, which is enough weight to Index /
damage the cable characteristics, especially the coaxial cable impedance. Remember, the impedance depends on the physical relation between Terminology
the center core, the insulation, and the shield. If a bigger system is in question, it is always a better idea to propose a raised floor, where all the 1-factor
cables are installed freely below the raised floor. authentication : The classic
fingerprint-without-card
Sometimes, if a raised floor is not possible, many cables can be run over a false ceiling. In such cases special care should be taken to secure
technology is simple and in
the cables as they could become very heavy when bundled together. many cases what serves
Larger installations may want a patch panel for the video signals. our customers’ basic nee...
This is usually housed in a 19'' rack cabinet, and its purpose is to break the cables with special coax link connectors so as to be able to reroute
Wireless CCTV –
them in case of a problem or testing.
Connecting a Burglar
Many installers fail to get into the habit of marking the cables properly. Most of them would know all of the cables at the time of installation, but Alarm System
two days later they can easily forget them. Cable marking is especially critical with larger and more complex systems. Insist on proper and Wireless CCTV cameras or
permanent cable markings as per your drawings. There are plenty of special cable-marking systems on the market. In addition, listing of all the IP cameras are the digital
numbers used on the cables should be prepared and added to the system drawings. replacement for traditional
CCTV, but the technology
Remember, good installers differ from bad ones in the way they terminate, run, arrange, and mark the cables, as well as how they document is sophisticated and there
their work. is a ...
The Disadvantages of
Drawings CCTV Cameras
There is no standard for drawing CCTV system block diagrams, as there is in electronics or architecture. Any clear drawing should be Closed-circuit TV cameras
acceptable as long as you have clearly shown the equipment used (i.e., cameras, monitors, VCRs) and their interconnection. supposed to catch violent
thugs have been trained on
Many people use technical drawing aids, such as CAD programs, or other PC or Mac-based drawing packages. Depending on the system size,
roads instead - to trap and
it might be necessary to have two different types of drawings: one of a CCTV block diagram showing the CCTV components’ interconnection fine motorists who stray
and cabling requirements, while the other could be a site layout with the camera positions and coverage area. In smaller installations, just a into bu...
block diagram may be sufficient.
The CCTV block diagram needs to show the system in its completeness, how the components are interconnected, which part goes where, what CCTV Video
Baluns
type of cable is used, and where it is used.
CCTV video
If the site layout drawing is well prepared, it can later be used as a reference by the installer, as well as by your customer and yourself when baluns, also
reviewing camera locations, reference names, and discussing eventual changes. known as
When the CCTV system is installed and the job is finished, drawings may need small alterations, depending on the changes made during the UTP baluns, allow
traditional coax cable to be
installation. After the installation, the drawings are usually enclosed with the final documentation, which should also include manuals, brochures, replaced by category 5 and
and other relevant documentation. other forms of twisted pair
wi...
What is the difference

between "biometric
identification" and
"biometric verification"?
What is the difference

between "biometric
identification" and
"biometric verification"?
Biometrics are used for
dif...
Installing
Compression
Style
Connectors
to RG59/RG6
cabling
Installing Compression
Style Connectors to
RG59/RG6 cabling 1.
Connectors are color
coded for cable type. See
chart below or
manufacturer...
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Commissioning
Commissioning is the last and most important procedure in a CCTV system design before handing it over to the customer. It involves great There was an error in this
knowledge and understanding of both the customer’s requirements and the system’s possibilities. Quite often, CCTV equipment programming gadget
and setup are also part of this. It includes video matrix switcher programming, time-lapse VCR programming, camera setup, and so on.
Commissioning is usually conducted in close cooperation with the customer’s system manager and/or operator(s), since a lot of settings and
FISH
details are made to suit their work environment.
The following is a typical list of what is usually checked when commissioning:
All wiring is correctly terminated.
Supply voltage is correct to all appropriate parts of the system.
Camera type and lens fitted are correct for each position.
Operation of auto irises under various light levels is satisfactory.
If VCRs are fitted, they should be recording in the most efficient time-lapse mode (especially when multiplexed cameras are being recorded).
If DVRs are installed, the pictures per second performance and image quality (compression setting) should be checked .
All system controls are properly functioning (pan/tilt, zoom, focus, etc.)
The setting of all pan and tilt limits is correct.
Preset positioning, if such cameras are used, is correct.
The level of supplementary lighting is satisfactory.
The system must continue to work when the main supply is disconnected, and a check should be made as to how long it does (if UPS is used). MY BLOG
LIST
Commissioning larger systems may take a bit longer than the smaller ones. This is an evolution from the system on paper to the real thing,
where a lot of small and unplanned things may come up because of new variations in the system concept. Customers, or users, can suggest the
way they want things to be done, only when they see the initial system appearance. Commissioning in such cases may therefore take up to a www.go
few days. beyonds
ecurity.c
Commissioning under BS EN 62676-4 Clause 4.6 & BS EN 62676-4 Clause 13. om
-
Training and manuals

After the initial setup, programming, and commissioning are finished, the operators, or system users, will need some form of training.
For smaller systems this is fairly straightforward and simple. Just a verbal explanation may be sufficient, although every customer deserves a
written user’s manual. This can be as simple as a laminated sheet of paper with clearly written instructions.
Every piece of equipment should come with its own User’s Manual, be it a time lapse VCR, a camera, or a switcher, but they have to be put
together in a system with all their interconnections and this is what has to be shown to the customer. Every detail should be covered, especially
alarm response and the system’s handling in such cases. This is perhaps the most important piece of information to the operators.
For larger systems, it is a good idea to bind all the component manuals, together with the system drawings, wiring details, and operator’s
instructions, in a separate folder or a binder. Naturally, for systems of a larger size, training can be a more complex task. It may even require
some special presentation with slides and drawings so as to cover all the major aspects.
Good systems are recognized not only by their functionality but also by their documentation.
Handing over
When all is finished and the customer is comfortable with what he or she is getting, it is time to hand over the system. This is an official
acceptance of the system as demonstrated and is usually backed by the signing of appropriate documents.
It is at this point in time that the job can be considered finished and the warranty begins to be effective.
From now on, the customer takes over responsibility for the system’s integrity and operation.
If customers are happy with the job, they usually write an official note of thanks. This may be used later, together with your other similar letters,
as a reference for future customers.
Documentation consider BS EN 62676-4 Clause 4.8, BS EN 62676-4 Clause 15.3 & BS EN 62676-4 Clause 16.
Preventative maintenance
Effective and regular maintenance of a CCTV surveillance system is essential to ensure that the system remains reliable at all times. It is
advisable that maintenance of the CCTV system should be carried out by the company which installed the system. However, the maintenance
company should have the means, including necessary spare parts and documentation, to meet the recommendations given here.
Note: This recommendation does not place an obligation upon customers who purchase their systems to have them maintained by the installing
company. Maintenance is a matter of agreement between the customer and the installing company or a separate maintenance company.
Maintenance comes under BS EN 62676-4 Clause 17 & SC CoP Guiding Principle 10.
The preservation of security within the maintenance company is of paramount importance and steps should be taken to ensure the safe keeping
of all customers’ equipment and documentation relating to a particular installation/contract.
Note: BS EN 50132-7 states that “CCTV systems should be maintained in accordance with the schedule supplied by the system designer or
supplier”, but does not detail any specific maintenance requirements. These guidelines give specific advice for the maintenance of CCTV
surveillance systems, and provide examples of the type of documentation required to be used by the service company.
A maintenance company should ensure that adequate vetting of all employees is carried out. All employees, who visit a customer’s premises,
shall carry identification cards which should include a photograph and signature of the bearer, the company’s name, contact details and a date
of expiry (maximum of 3 years).
Each service technician employed by the maintenance company should carry a range of tools, test equipment and other equipment to enable
them to perform their functions satisfactorily. Specialist tools, test equipment and plant should be available for deeper investigation if necessary.
Note: Disconnections, for whatever reason, should be recorded on a maintenance record and authorised by the client or his representative.
The maintenance company’s organisation should be so staffed as to ensure that the recommendations of this Code of Practice can be met at all
times. The following factors should be taken into consideration:
1. the number of installations to be serviced
2. the complexity of the installations;
3. the geographical spread of the installations in relation to the location of the maintenance company, its branches and its service
personnel
4. the method of calling out service personnel outside normal office hours, where applicable.
5. Service personnel should be adequately trained and training should be updated whenever appropriate.
Maintenance Service is 3 types but scope of work is same.
A. Preventive Maintenance service.
B. Corrective Maintenance service.
C. Performance Maintenance service.
http://arindamcctvaccesscontrol.blogspot.in/2014/09/service-and-maintenance-for-cctv.html
Note: The BS EN standards BS EN 62676-2-X comprising part 1, 2 and 3, provide detailed guidelines to manufacturers as to how they should
implement IP video transmission products.
An end user is unlikely to benefit by reading the 62676-2-X standards. They may instead be involved in a buying decision which could place
reliance on claims of conformance to the part of the BS EN standard the manufacturer chose to implement. Interoperability of equipment is not
solely reliant on the requirements included in the BS EN standards in their current form. There is no guarantee that a product which simply
claims BS EN 62676 compliance will provide full compatibility with another claiming the same compliance although it should allow for a minimum
level of image transfer.
Installers, users and specifiers should treat claims of interoperability between manufacturers products with caution. The parts of the BS EN
standard which focus on interoperability, are 62676-2-2, which describes the PSIA guidelines for interoperability of IP Video devices, and 62676-
2-3, which describes the ONVIF guidelines for interoperability.
ONVIF and PSIA, are at their base level, a common set of commands allowing basic communication between devices but this does not
guarantee that the devices will function to the full potential of their design. Issues with product firmware and software should also be considered:
a change of firmware / software versions should be tested separately to ensure continued interoperability. Whilst the specifications try to take
this into account, the number of products claiming to be conformant currently makes this an impossible task.
Claims by product manufacturers that PSIA or ONVIF compliance means that users do not have to check that the products work together should
be treated with great caution. It is strongly recommended that all such products are tested before being deployed.
Posted by Arindam Bhadra at 9:35 AM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Cat 5, CAT6, CCTV Design, CCTV lenses, Commissioning, Corrective, Dome camera, IR Camera, Performance Maintenance, PM Service,
Preventive, PTZ, RG11, RG59, RG6, Site inspections for CCTV, UPS, Zoom
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SATURDAY, JULY 18, 2015
Difference between 1080p and 2160p
Difference between 1080p and 2160p

1080p
1080p (aka Full HD/ FHD and BT.709) is a set of HDTV high-definition video modes characterized by 1080 horizontal lines of vertical
resolution and progressive scan(p), as opposed to interlaced, as is the case with the 1080i display standard. The term usually
assumes a Wide screen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a resolution of 1920x1080 (2.1megapixel) often marketed as Full HD.
2160p
2160p is an alternative name for 4K UHD, a resolution supported by UHDTV products and which offers four times the definition
of 1080p. The number 2160 stands for a display resolution which has 2160 pixels along the shortest side, while the letter p stands
for progressive scan or non-interlaced. In a progressive image, the lines of resolution of the image go from the top of the screen to the
bottom. The only planned higher definition format for television is 8K UHD.
Posted by Arindam Bhadra at 8:58 PM 1 comment Links to this post
Labels: 1080, 1080P, 1200p, 1440p, 1600p, 16:10, 16:9, 4k, 4K UHD, 720P, 800p, 8k, 8K UHD, 900p, BT.709, Full HD, HDTV, UHD
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SATURDAY, JULY 4, 2015
Fiber cabling with PoE for long-distance IP camera installation
Fiber optic cabling with PoE converters allows long-distance IP camera placement
Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology enables powering IP surveillance cameras through the transfer of DC electrical power along with data over standard
unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling. This cabling connects to a network device through an RJ-45 port that injects the power from power sourcing equipment
such as a PoE switch or midspan PoE injector. PoE provides a flexible and convenient means of powering devices that are located in out-of-the-way locations,
and saves money by eliminating the expense and difficulty of direct electrical wiring. A challenge with PoE is reaching remote locations outside the distance
limitation of UTP cabling. According to the TIA/EIA 568-5-A standard for category 5e cable, the maximum length for a cable segment is 100 meters (328 ft),
and PoE power injectors or midspans do not increase the distance of the data link.
So, how do you get beyond that 100-meter limit? Once answer is through fiber optics. Fiber optic cabling is an effective method to overcome the distance and
bandwidth limitations of UTP, and media converters are a commonly used to integrate copper network equipment and fiber. Since DC power cannot be
conducted over fiber, PoE media converters are the solution to extend network distances via fiber to remote IP cameras. A PoE media converter converts the
fiber to copper, and sends DC power to the camera over the UTP cabling.
How PoE Media Converters Work

On the main article image/PoE schematic that appears at right, an Ethernet switch with RJ-45 ports resides in a control room or data closet. The
copper UTP cabling is converted to fiber with a standard media converter. The fiber is run a long distance to the PoE media converter located
near a convenient AC or DC power source, where it converts the fiber back to copper UTP. The PoE media converter also functions as a power-
sourcing mini switch, and injects PoE (DC power) over the UTP cable. At the other end of the UTP cable is the IP camera, located up to 100
meters away from the PoE media converter.
PoE media converters are available with Gigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet data rates and can support PoE (15.4 watts) or PoE+ (25.5 watts).
PoE media converters function like PoE mini-switches, and are available in a variety of multi-port configurations, including dual RJ-45 and dual
fiber ports. They can support fixed fiber connectors or small form pluggable transceivers.
To understand those power specifications, it’s worth knowing that in 2003, the IEEE ratified the 802.3af PoE Standard. That standard provides
up to 15.4 watts of power per port. Late in 2009, the IEEE ratified the 802.3at PoE Standard known as PoE+ that provides up to 25.5 watts of
power for each port. PoE+ can be required to power IP cameras with Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) capabilities, and weather-hardened cameras used in
cold environments.
Key Features to Consider When Selecting a PoE Media Converter:

• PoE+ to future proof applications
• Out-of-the-box support for IEEE Alternative A and B, and Legacy Power detection
options (without the need for jumper wires or external cables)
• Jumbo Ethernet Frames to enhance throughput for reliable data flow
• Multiple port configurations for deploying a variety of architectures and topologies:
– Daisy chain media converters or install in ring topology
– Redundant fiber with less than 50ms switch over time
– Dual UTP ports for powering two PoE devices per converter
• Ability to be powered by either AC or DC power source
• Industrial hardened temperature ranges for outdoor applications
• Determines and delivers the specific power level required by the PD
• Fully configurable DIP-switches for easy set up:
– Link Fault Propagation Modes
– PoE Power Reset on fiber Rx loss that automatically resets
Leverage the Benefits of Fiber

There are several solutions available to extend the distances of PoE network links, including LAN extenders that convert Ethernet to DSL, UTP
to coax converters and wireless technology. When you’re going long distance, however, fiber optic cabling provides several advantages over
these technologies.
Unlike copper, fiber extends network distances up to 87 miles (140 kilometers) per link with no data deterioration over distance (signal
deterioration is to be expected in copper cabling). LAN extenders can only extend network distances about 3,300 feet, but a data rate of 100
Mbps can drop by 70 percent at longer distances.
Fiber cabling provides security benefits as well. It is a secure medium that generates no electro-magnetic emission and is very difficult to tap.
Fiber is also very reliable because it is not susceptible to electrical interference, or data loss due to temperature or atmospheric conditions.
【Installation Steps】
1) Please turn off the signal source and the device's power, installation with power on may damage the device;
2) Check if the network cable and other transmission line that will be used is occupied by other device;
3) Use a network cable to connect video to POE Ethernet Optical Transceiver's LAN port with PoE IP camera or other PoE network device;
4) Use two single mode double optical fibers to connect two converter's optical port, please attention the optical fiber which connect the RX and
TX port should be across; that means one optical fiber, one side is to connect the optical module TX port, the other side should connect the RX
port;
5) Check if the installation is correct and device is good, make sure all the connection is reliable and power up the system;
6) Make sure the Ethernet and PoE power supply is working normal.
Posted by Arindam Bhadra at 11:56 AM 3 comments Links to this post +4 Recommend this on Google
Labels: Camera PoE, Fiber optic cabling with PoE, IP Camera, long-distance IP camera, PoE Media Converters Work, PoE+, UTP
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WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 2015
Selecting a PoE Switch
You just picked up some new Power over Ethernet devices – a few of the hottest new IP cameras. However, after opening the box you run into
a series of unexpected problems. No its a really powerful decision.
First: Eachcamera comes equipped with its PoE injector capable of supplying the appropriate level of power. However,
prior to even mocking up your panel it becomes clear – four PoE injectors and a standard Ethernet switch will not fit.
In an effort to maintain a reasonable panel size, you ditch the PoE injectors in favor of a Power over Ethernet switch, a
single product that will replace all four injectors and provide Ethernet switching. So far so good.
Second: After deciding that a PoE switch will best suit your need, you set out on a search for the cheapest PoE switch
you can find. Before long you realize the injectors were provided so that the cameras receive the exact amount of
power they are optimized to run at. With this new concern in mind, the search moves from the “cheapest switch” to
the ”right switch.” In order to identify the right switch, you will need some information… but where do you look?
You are able to find a small label printed on the bottom near the Ethernet port of the camera – something that specifies
how this camera can be powered. Now you have some numbers to shoot for, but what exactly do they mean?
While listed on the label in the above order, Power over Ethernet is best addressed in this order:-
1. Is this a Power over Ethernet device?

A. Will the device accept Power and data through the Ethernet port? Has the device been designed to make use of Power over Ethernet.
2. Is this device IEEE 802.3af or IEEE 802.3at compliant?

A. How much power will the device draw? Both IEEE 802.3af and 802.3at are based off +48VDC voltage but differ in wattage.
B. IEEE 802.3af = “Standard PoE” = devices consuming up to 12.95W of PoE power IEEE 802.3at = “PoE Plus, High-Power PoE” = devices consuming up to 25.50W of
PoE power
3. Which class of Powered Devices (PD) is the device a member of?

A. PoE capability and power level compliance – the class level of Powered Devices further specifies how much power the device will draw
Class 1 = 0.44 – 3.84W “Very low power”
Class 2 = 3.84 – 6.49W “Low power”
Class 3 = 6.49 – 12.95W “Mid power”
Class 4 = 12.95 – 25.5W “High power, suitable only for IEEE 802.3at PoE”
Translating the above power label again we find:

1. Is this a Power over Ethernet device? Yes, this camera can accept PoE
2. Is this device IEEE 802.3af or IEEE 802.3at compliant? IEEE 802.3af – the maximum it will draw is 12.95W at 48VDC
3. Which class of Powered Devices (PD) is the device a member of? Class 2 – this device will draw between 3.84 and 6.49W – it is a “low power” device
After finding a Power over Ethernet switch that will provide suitable power conditions on a per-port basis, there is one
final element to consider – power budget.
Will the switch you choose provide enough power per port for each camera? You bought four cameras to use four
cameras, not to use just one or two. Your choice in a Power over Ethernet switch needs to reflect this… Will the switch
provide suitable power to all ports at all times?
Finally, after considering space in your panel, power demands of one camera, power ability of a switch for one port,
and powering ability of a switch across all ports, you are prepared to make a decision!
Posted by Arindam Bhadra at 9:20 PM 1 comment Links to this post +2 Recommend this on Google
Labels: Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, Class 4, IEEE 802.3af or IEEE 802.3at, IP Camera, PoE injector, PoE switch, Power over Ethernet devices, Selecting a
PoE Switch
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SATURDAY, JUNE 6, 2015
Megapixels Resolution in PPI
Megapixels Resolution in PPI
Now a days IP Camera markets going to use 7MP, 10MP, 16MP resolution for Better background information (photo quality).
The first things to understand is that in digital imaging, the only thing that really counts about a file is how many pixels are in a file.
Terms like megapixels, DPI and file sizes in megabytes only confuse the issue. In the end, all digital images are simply X pixels by Y
pixels big (by Z bits of colour data but we can ignore that for now)
Pixels Per Inch is the key term. It is a description of the logical number of pixels from your original image (X pixels by Y pixels,
remember) that will be used to tell the printer to print one inch on paper. Assuming a sharp original shot with good technique (see
resolution discussion below), the higher the PPI, the better the quality print you can achieve - this is testably true even well beyond
most claims of 360 PPI being the most you need ... 600 PPI images can easily be seen to be much sharper again if this data is
available at good quality from the original file).
Here's why:
1. A megapixel is 1 million pixels. It's an area measurement like square feet.
2. A typical 8 megapixel camera produces images that are 3266 x 2450* pixels.
If you multiply 3266 by 2450, you get 8,001,700 or 8 million pixels.
3. To find the largest photo quality image you can print, simply divide each dimension by 300:
3266 / 300 = 10.89 inches
2450 / 300 = 8.17 inches
4. If you are not publishing your images in a book or magazine, and you're just making prints for yourself or your friends, you
can "cheat". Good quality inkjet printers can make a nice looking print at 250 or 200ppi. At 200ppi, the maximum print size
becomes:
3266 / 200 = 16.33 inches
2450 / 200 = 12.25 inches
MEGAPIXELS VS. MAXIMUM PRINT SIZE CHART

Megapixels Pixel Resolution* Print Size @ 300ppi Print size @ 200ppi Print size @ 150ppi**
3 2048 x 1536 6.82" x 5.12" 10.24" x 7.68" 13.65" x 10.24"
4 2464 x 1632 8.21" x 5.44" 12.32" x 8.16" 16.42" x 10.88"
6 3008 x 2000 10.02" x 6.67" 15.04" x 10.00" 20.05" x 13.34"
8 3264 x 2448 10.88" x 8.16" 16.32" x 12.24" 21.76" x 16.32"
10 3872 x 2592 12.91" x 8.64" 19.36" x 12.96" 25.81" x 17.28"
12 4290 x 2800 14.30" x 9.34" 21.45" x 14.00" 28.60" x 18.67"
16 4920 x 3264 16.40" x 10.88" 24.60" x 16.32" 32.80" x 21.76"
36, Nikon
7360 x 4912 24.53" x 16.37" 36.80" x 24.56" 49.06" x 32.74"
D800
*Typical Resolution. Actual pixel dimensions vary from camera to camera.

**At 150ppi, printed images will have visible pixels and details will look "fuzzy".
Posted by Arindam Bhadra at 12:10 AM 1 comment Links to this post +2 Recommend this on Google
Labels: 10MP, 150ppi, 16MP, 200ppi, 7mp, DPI, Megapixels Resolution in PPI, Megapixels vs. Maximum Print Size Chart, Pixel Resolution, ppi, Print Size,
Print Size @ 300ppi
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MONDAY, JULY 20, 2015 YOUR IP ADD &

Design of CCTV System Hello, visitor from:

CCTV system design Your Country Code:

• Will it be a monochrome or color system ? TOTAL PAGEVIEWS

• How many cameras are to be used ? WELCOME TO MY BLOG

Installation considerations Difference

What is the difference

What is the difference

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Training and manuals

Posted by Arindam Bhadra at 9:35 AM 0 comments Links to this post

SATURDAY, JULY 18, 2015

Difference between 1080p and 2160p

Difference between 1080p and 2160p

Posted by Arindam Bhadra at 8:58 PM 1 comment Links to this post

SATURDAY, JULY 4, 2015

Fiber cabling with PoE for long-distance IP camera installation

How PoE Media Converters Work

Key Features to Consider When Selecting a PoE Media Converter:

Leverage the Benefits of Fiber

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 2015

Selecting a PoE Switch

1. Is this a Power over Ethernet device?

2. Is this device IEEE 802.3af or IEEE 802.3at compliant?

3. Which class of Powered Devices (PD) is the device a member of?

Translating the above power label again we find:

SATURDAY, JUNE 6, 2015

Megapixels Resolution in PPI

Megapixels Resolution in PPI

MEGAPIXELS VS. MAXIMUM PRINT SIZE CHART

3 2048 x 1536 6.82" x 5.12" 10.24" x 7.68" 13.65" x 10.24"

4 2464 x 1632 8.21" x 5.44" 12.32" x 8.16" 16.42" x 10.88"

6 3008 x 2000 10.02" x 6.67" 15.04" x 10.00" 20.05" x 13.34"

8 3264 x 2448 10.88" x 8.16" 16.32" x 12.24" 21.76" x 16.32"

10 3872 x 2592 12.91" x 8.64" 19.36" x 12.96" 25.81" x 17.28"

12 4290 x 2800 14.30" x 9.34" 21.45" x 14.00" 28.60" x 18.67"

16 4920 x 3264 16.40" x 10.88" 24.60" x 16.32" 32.80" x 21.76"

*Typical Resolution. Actual pixel dimensions vary from camera to camera.

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