Professional Documents
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ON
PHYSICS
A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of
Physics Practical Examination of
CLASS – XII
RITU KUMARI MAHATO
ROLL NO: - 04
1
CERTIFICATE
This
is is to certify that the project entitled
“To
To investigate the relation between the
Date:
PLACE : Tin
nsukia
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
3
CONTENTS
1. Title ………………………………………………….. 1
2. CERTIFICATE ……………………………………. 2
3. ACKNOWLDGEMENT …………………………. 3
4. CONTENTS …………………………………….. 4
5. OBJECTIVES ……………………………………. 5
10. Applications………………………… 17
4
OBJECTIVES…
versa.
5
linked with a coil changing, an e.m.f is induced in the
neighboring coil.
6
THEORY…
Fig: - 1
7
Fig: - 2
transformer and
ɸ
= rate of change of flux in each turnoff the coil at this
instant.
And then
ɸ
Ep = -N p ……………………………….. (1)
ɸ
Es = -N s ……………………………….. (2)
8
Where, N p = No. of turns of the primary coil.
dividing 2 by 1, we get;
Es / Ep = - N s / N p …………………………………… (3)
coil is given by :
Ip = E – Ep / Rp
E – Ep = I p Rp
neglected so therefore
E – Ep = 0 or Ep = E
9
Hence equation (3) can be written as
IN A STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER …
10
Es / Ep = I p / I s = K
IN A STEP-UP TRANSFORMER…
11
ratio. Thus a step up transformer in reality steps down the
current & a step down transformer steps up the current.
EFFICIENCY …
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as the ratio of output
η = 1.
12
ENERGY LOSSES …
Following are the major sources of energy loss in a
transformer:
1. Copper loss is the energy loss in the form of heat in the
conducting wires.
2. Iron loss is the energy loss in the form of heat in the iron
cores.
13
APPARATUS REQUIRED…
14
15
PROCEDURE …
1. Take thick iron rod and cover it with a thick paper and
transformer.
s1and s2.
step up transformer.
16
USES OF TRANSFORMER...
A transformer issued in almost all a.c.
operations-
In voltage regulator for T.V., refrigerator, computer,
purposes.
current.
17
SOURCES OF ERROR…
1.Values of current can be changed due to heating effect.
CONCLUSION …
1. The output voltage of the transformer across the secondary
coil depends upon the ratio (Ns/Np) with respect to the input
voltage
coil depends upon the ratio (Ns/N p) with respect to the input
voltage
transformer.
PRECAUTIONS…
1. Keep safe yourself from high voltage.
2. While taking the readings of current and voltage the A.C
should remain constant.
18
REFRENCES …
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