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Rajkumar E
Associate Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Vellore Institute of Technology,
VIT University, Vellore, TamilNadu, India
ABSTRACT
In the present paper, an effort has been taken to perform a literature review on the
development in the mechanization of thresher in crop cutting machine. The harvesting
incurs about 30% cost of total production. In India, considerable R & D work for
design and development of agricultural implements and machinery for few operations
have been developed. However, the adoption of these implements and machinery has
not been up to the desired level. Thus there is a considerable mechanization gap.
Research and records have produced data for many individual segments within a total
harvesting system. However, to date, very few attempts have been made to numerically
optimize the overall system. The different machines and their process parameters are
studied and compared through the study.
Keywords: Crop Cutting, Design Optimization, Soya-bean crop, Thresher.
Cite this Article: Rahul S. Warghane and Rajkumar E, Review On Design and
Optimization of Thresher in Crop Cutting Machine, International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(11), 2017, pp. 1020–1028.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=11
1. INTRODUCTION
Mechanization in field of agriculture has been carried out promisingly; the due effect of the
same can be seen in day to day life. With the explosion of population and limited resources it
has become important to develop the system which is most efficient. The review of several
countries around the globe has shown that United Nation leads the field of agriculture
mechanization than its counterparts. Due to mechanization major impact has been observed in
demand and supply for farm labour, profitability of farming. It has also brought considerable
amount of changes in the rural landscape including rural communities. As far as foreign
countries are concerned the adoption of mechanized farming is quiet easy with view of
sustainability and adoption. Whereas in India the adoption of technology is quiet painful for
the farmers as farm-field in India are very small so as farmers cannot afford these mechanized
machinery .In concern with all these constrains an effort is taken to develop machine for
farmers in India which is compact and affordable. The most important operation in farming is
cutting and harvesting which contribute about 30 % of total cost of production. In harvesting
the most performed post feed operation is threshing for which many manufacturers like
Ningbo Alfa machinery, Shanghai Quianhang machinery, Pempo developed machines. These
machines though well mechanized and bulky are suitable for large farms which has minimum
thresher length of 2 meter span and the costing which would be anywhere around of about
15000 to 21000 USD which is quiet high. To compel this, work is forwarded and efforts are
taken to develop compact crop cutting machine with combined harvester.
In this paper we highlight the study carried on design and optimization of thresher in crop
cutter with a view to design compact and economical machine. Thresher is a device that first
separates the head of a stalk of grain from the straw, and then further separates the kernel
from the rest of the head .To attain the same objective the base model of machine is
formulated. The review includes the parameters related to design optimization, synthesis of
mechanism, analysis and overview about crop strength, cutting blade design and its
performance parameter, design parameter for thresher.
2. DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
In design optimization parameters related to design has been computed with the reference of
basic geometrical constrains. The design optimization will be overlooked with the view of
application of optimization tools like Discrete Optimization, Genetic Algorithms, Constrained
Optimization, and Dynamic Optimization. The computation related with these techniques is
handled by both MATLAB and Python software.
ƪEnd i=1Ƹn(
Start Which may has an inequality constrains like Ai defines the position. N =
No of position parameters, CS =Cross Sectional area, Fi = Moment produces. Such a dynamic
model can be solved by Calcus of Variation, Optimal Control and Static Optimization. The
Calcus of variation uses derivative approach like which is a time bound subjected to position
constrained for ex. Minimize 0ƪt (ử 2) dt .ử = C1 , u = C1 T + Co where C1 and Co are the
constant depend on the initial and final condition .The optimal control uses software iteration
method. The iteration method is applied to mathematical model of given objective function.
3. SYNTHESIS OFMECHANISM
A mechanism synthesis is constructing and framing out the mechanical linkages in such a
constrained manner to get desired motion as work output. Threshing can be achieved by three
methods namely rubbing, impact and stripping. Threshing loosens the grains and separates
from the stalk. The function can be served mostly by two methods, by impact or by crushing.
In impact method an impact is given on crops and the grains are separated. Crushing is one in
which the crop mass passes through a gap between drum and concave. Wearing or rubbing
action takes place that separates the grains from panicle. In each case rupture of the bond
between grains and ears is due to Impact of beaters or spikes over grains and wearing or
rubbing action.
Research has been carried out to improve the performance characteristic of thresher.
Paulsen states that the moisture content of grain is one of the major physical factors for the
design and operation of the threshing machine.
mm), the thickest (6.15 mm), the roundest (92.53%) and the heaviest (209 mg).The lowest
energy required for rupture is 71.5 mJ.
m/ s average cutting speed as the cutting energy varied from 4.5 to 15 J as the stem diameter
varied from 11 to 17 mm. On the basic of review we found that optimization of cutting speed
and blade oblique angle can result in significant savings in cutting energy, also improving the
quality of cut.
7. CONCLUSION
In the present work the research has been carried out to optimize and design the thresher for
cutting soybean crop. The blasé assembly best suited for the function is reciprocating blade
type. Experiments carried on soya-bean crop strength give s the mechanical properties like
density shear strength coefficient of friction .The synthesis of mechanism gives the basic idea
for frame selection and development of model to serve the purpose..Design optimization
techniques have been overlooked which shows that the derivative approach and matrix
iteration with mathematical modeling gives the best result for design optimization.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The review is performed with the reference of research papers available through various
research publication website. We are very thankful for all the researchers to share their work
with us.
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