INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY

LUCKNOW

-: PRESENTATION ON :-

LIFTS

PRESENTED BY:-
-KALEEM AHMAD
` -SWARN PRABHA
-NAJMUS SAQLAIN
-SACHIN MANDHYAN SUBJECT CO-
ORDINATOR:-
AR. SHAHZEB RAHMAN
AR.SHIBLI MERAJ
INTRODUCTION:-

An elevator lift is a type of vertical transportation

that moves people or goods between floors
(levels, decks) of a building, vessel or other
structure. Elevators are generally powered by
electric motors that either drive traction cables or
counterweight systems like a hoist, or pump
hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like
a jack.
HISTORY :-
 The earliest known reference to an
elevator is in the works of the Roman
architect Vitruvius, who reported that
Archimedes (c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) built
his first elevator probably in 236 BC.[9]
Some sources from later historical
periods mention elevators as cabs on a
hemp rope powered by hand or by
animals.

 On March 23, 1857 the first OTIS

passenger
Elevator was installed at 488 Broadway
in
NEW YORK CITY.

 The Equitable life Building completed in

1870
in NEW YORK CITY was the first office
building to have passenger elevator.
TYPES OF LIFTS:-
 ACCORDING TO HOIST MECHANISM

 ACCORDING TO BUILDING HEIGHT

 ACCORDING TO BUILDING TYPES

 ACCORDING TO ELEVATOR LOCATION

 ACCORDING TO SPECIAL USES

 ACCORDING TO HOIST MECHANISM:-
Elevators will be classified according to hoist mechanism to 4 main types as
follows:-

1.HYDRAULIC ELEVETOR
2.TRACTION ELEVETOR
3.CLIMBING ELEVETOR
4.PNEUMATIC ELEVETOR
1.HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR:-
 Hydraulic elevators are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator
that pushes the elevator up. They are used for low-rise applications of 2-8
stories and travel at a maximum speed of 200 feet per minute. The
machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level
adjacent to the elevator shaft.
 Hydraulic elevators have many two main types as follows:
A. Holed (Conventional) Hydraulic Elevators:-
 They have a sheave that extends below the floor of the elevator pit,
which accepts the retracting piston as the elevator descends.
 Max travel distance is approximately 60 feet.

B. Hole-less hydraulic elevator:-

it is further classified into three parts-
a.Telescoping hydraulic elevator-
In this configuration, the telescoping pistons are fixed at the base of the
pit and do not require a sheave or hole below the pit and has 2 or 3
pieces of telescoping pistons. Telescoping pistons allow up to 50
feet of travel distance.
b. Non-telescoping (single stage) Hydraulic Elevators:-
it has one piston and only allows about 20 feet of travel distance.
c. Roped Hydraulic Elevators -
They use a combination of ropes and a piston to move the elevator.
Maximum travel distance is about 60 feet.
2.TRACTION ELEVETOR (PULL ELEVETOR) :-
 Traction elevators are lifted by ropes, which pass over a wheel attached
to an electric motor above the elevator shaft.
 They are used for mid and high-rise applications and have much higher
travel speeds than hydraulic elevators.
 Traction elevators have main types as follows:

A- Geared Traction Elevators:

They have a gearbox that is attached to the motor, which drives the wheel
that moves the ropes. These are capable of travel speeds up to 500 feet
per minute.

B- Gear-less Traction Elevators:

They have the wheel attached directly to the motor. These are capable of
speeds up to 2000 feet per minute.

C- Machine-Room-Less Elevators:
They are typically traction elevators that do not have a dedicated machine
room above the elevator shaft. The machine sits in the override space and
the controls sit above the ceiling adjacent to the elevator shaft.
3. CLIMBING ELEVETOR:-
 They hold their own power device on them,
mostly electric or combustion engine.
 Climbing elevators are often used in work
and construction areas.

4. PNEUMATIC ELEVETOR :-
 pneumatic elevators are raised and powered
by controlling air pressure in a chamber in
which the elevator sits.
 By simple principles of physics; the
difference in air pressure above and beneath
the vacuum elevator cab literally transports
cab by air. It is the vacuum pumps or
turbines that pull cab up to the next Floor
and the slow release of air pressure that
floats cab down.
 They are especially ideal for existing homes
due to their compact design because
excavating a pit and hoist way are not
2.ACCORDING TO BUILDING HEIGHT:-

A- Low-Rise buildings (1- 3 stories):-

Buildings up to about (1 to 3) stories typically use hydraulic elevators
because of their lower initial cost

B- Mid-Rise buildings (4 -11 stories):-

Buildings up to about (4 to 11) stories typically use Geared Traction
Elevators

C- High-Rise buildings (12 + stories):-

Buildings up to about 12+ stories typically use Gear-Less Traction Elevators
3. ACCORDING TO BUILDING TYPES:-
Elevators will be classified according to building type to 5 main types as
follows:

1.HOSPITAL ELEVETORS.
2. RESIDENCIAL /DOMESTIC ELEVETORS.
3.INDUSTRIAL ELEVETORS.
4.COMMERCIAL ELEVETORS.
5.PARKING BUILDINGS ELEVATORS.
1.HOSPITAL LIFTS:-

 Hospital bed elevators generally

transport patients who are not well
enough to sit up even in a wheelchair.
 One of the features of bed elevators
should be its ability to transport the
patient has smoothly as possible with
minimal amount of bumping and jostling.
 Many contemporary bed elevators are
manufactured to consume extremely low
amounts of power and to be durable with
a number of safety features built-in.
 Hospital bed elevators generally draw • Used in hospital &
very little power so that should there be a treatment center. Designed
for transporting large
power outage they are still operational off carts or furniture
the hospital's backup power supply.  Speed of elevator 100 –
350 Ft / min. - Two sides of
 Most often there will be a rear and a front front and back doors for
entry to the elevator cabin. loading and unloading
facilities.
- Door width between
900 – 1100mm
2.RESIDENTIAL LIFTS:-

 Domestic elevators which are

intended to move passengers up
and down stairs in a multilevel
residence are quite similar to
those used in large public
buildings.
 They can be built either inside the
home or outside the home.
 Most often domestic elevators
designed for carrying passengers
in a residential setting only carry
perhaps two to four people safely
and comfortably.
3. INDUSTRIAL ELEVETOR
This type of elevators is used in construction, warehouses, and shipyards.
These are two types:-
hoist elevators and incline elevators.

A.Hoist elevator:-
 Hoist elevators are operated by a
pulley and they can be a simple
platform or a cage in which humans
or heavy materials are moved up
and down during industrial
applications.
 Generally, a pulley operates a rope
or chain that wraps around a drum
causing the elevator to rise or
descend.
 Hoist elevators carrying materials
and equipment to upper levels as
needed while the building is being
constructed.
B. Incline elevator:-

 The equipment and supplies are placed on

a form of conveyor belt that continues
turning bringing the cargo up to its
destination where it is quickly unloaded
as the belt continues turning around.
 This is a much quicker method of loading
and unloading cargo than with a hoist
elevator because there is no stopping to
unload. Everything happens in one fluid
motion. Incline elevators when used for
industrial purposes are usually temporary and
mobile. Many are on wheels and can be easily
moved from one dock or location to the next.
4. COMMERCIAL ELEVETOR-

A- Commercial passenger elevators

A passenger elevator is designed to move people between a building's
floors. Passenger elevators capacity is related to the available floor
space.

B- Freight elevators
A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry
goods, rather than passengers.
Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier
loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg.
5.PARKING LIFT:-

It is of two types-
1.Conventional car parking
2.Auto car parking elevetor

1.Conventional car parking:-

The conventional parking elevators are built to

move vehicles to upper or lower levels of the
building because of their space saving feature
ith ramps on and off parking levels consume
alot of space which could be better utilized as
parking spaces for vehicles. With the addition of parking elevators, vehicles
can be transported up and down as many levels as necessary by taking up
only the space required for that vehicle. But maintain the need for attendants
to sit in the car, in the elevator and park it on the floor on which there is
space.
2. Auto car lift parking:-

 As against cars being driven (on ramps) or carried (in car lifts) to
different levels in conventional multi-level parking, cars are driven at only
one level for parking or retrieval, Cars are parked in steel pallets and a
target pallet comes up or down to the driveway level at the press of a
button, for parking or retrieval.

Such car parking systems or auto parking systems are also referred to
by various other names in different parts of the world, such as “auto-
parking”, "stack-parking", "mechanized parking", "mechanical parking",
"parkomat “modular parking” etc.
 ACCORDING TO ELEVATOR LOCATION:-

A- Outdoor Elevator
Common types of outdoor elevators are platform elevators and incline
elevators.

1.INCLINED ELEVETOR-

• Outdoor elevators built on an incline can all

be used to transport passengers or goods.
• Incline elevators are most often recognized as
passenger elevators called ski lifts. However,
outdoor elevators that move cargo on an
incline are generally constructed with a
conveyor belt and most often seen when loading
cargo on ships and some types of aircraft.
2.PLATFORM ELEVATOR-

 While it is possible to use

platform elevators indoors they
are generally classified as
outdoor elevators because that is
where they are most often used.
Platform elevators usually are not
enclosed by having a have a
fence or gate running around the
perimeter to keep cargo from
slipping off during transport.
Platform elevators usually use a
system of pulleys as the working
mechanism. Outdoor elevators
consisting of a platform are most
often used at new construction
sites but they can also be used
for such things as elevating
workmen renovating the façade
of a building or washing windows
on a high-rise.
 ACCORING TO SPECIAL USES:-

It is of two types-
 HANDICAPPED ELEVATOR
 GRAIN ELEVATOR

1.HANDICAPPED ELEVATOR-

In reality, any type of elevator that can assist a handicapped person in going
up and down various levels of the building could be considered a handicap
elevator. However, specific types of elevators are manufactured with
handicapped persons in mind. A good example of this would be a wheelchair
lift that gets a handicapped person in and out of vans. The lift comes out the
sliding doors and descends in order to allow the wheelchair on the platform.
Then the lift is raised up and backs into the vehicle. Most city buses have this
type of handicap elevators installed on them,
2.GRAIN ELEVATOR:-

 A grain elevator is a tower containing

a bucket elevator, which scoops up,
elevates, and then uses gravity to
deposit grain in a silo or other storage
facility. They can be classified as
either “country” or “terminal”
elevators, with terminal elevators
further categorized as inland or
export types. Operations other than
storage, such as cleaning, drying,
and blending, often are performed at
elevators. The principal grains and
oilseeds handled include wheat,
corn,oats, rice soybeans, and
sorghum .
 COMPONENTS OF LIFT:-
 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS:-
 LIFT SUB SYSTEM:-

 Control Motion – includes motor, gear, engines, brakes and power

supply.
 Control System - to get control the movements of the lift.
 Door Control – contained motor connecting lift car doors, platforms
gates and door safety devices.
 Safety Control – contain the safety gear,
speed controller for the first balance, heat
and lack of power.
 TYPICAL TRACTION LIFT DESIGN:-
 LIFT SHAFT:-

 It is determined by the number of user.

 Constructed with reinforced concrete.
 To accommodate the loading and fire resistance.
Size of lift shaft space

Looking down the lift shaft of a

hydraulic elevator. The hydraulic
ram is to the left