Oxford

elementary pocket guide

Regular verbs: Past simple and past participle

fold
+ -ed infinitive past simple past participle
With most verbs we cook cooked cooked
add -ed finish finished finished

+-d
With verbs ending live lived lived
with -e, we add -d close closed closed

y ➝ -ied
With verbs that end study studied studied

A pocket guide with one consonant*

+ -y, we change the y
carry
try
carried
tried
carried
tried
to -ied:
fold

to regular verbs: p ➝ -pped

past simple and With verbs that end

with one vowel* +
stop
plan
stopped
planned
stopped
planned
one consonant
past participle, (e.g. stop), we double
the consonant:

and the -ing form. + -ed

Make your own pocket guide
to regular verbs, and the
fold
But note that we stay stayed stayed
do not double the happen happened happened
consonant, open opened opened
1) when it is y or w visit visited visited

(e.g. play)
-ing form by following the 2) when the last
instructions. syllable* is not
stressed (e.g. LISten,
• Print page 1. HAppen, Open)

• Put page 1 back in the
printer.
• Print page 2 on the other
side of the paper.
Note that in British cancel cancelled cancelled
English l is usually travel travelled travelled
doubled, even if the
syllable is unstressed
(e.g. travel)

• Cut along the dotted lines.

fold

• Fold the paper. -ing forms

You now have your pocket +-ing infinitive -ing form

guide to irregular verbs to
take with you anywhere.
You can find all of these
irregular verbs in your copy
of Oxford Living Grammar
Elementary.
cut
With most verbs we walk walking
add -ing: eat eating
e + -ing
With verbs that end make making
with a consonant* come coming
+ -e, we delete the write writing
-e and add -ing:

OLG_E_POCKET_VERBS.indd 1 28/1/10 16:23:06

 Oxford

elementary pocket guide

Irregular verbs: past simple and past participle

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ie ➝ -ying
With verbs that end lie lying
with -ie, we change die dying
-ie to -ying: tie tying

-t ➝ -tting
With verbs that end sit sitting
with one vowel* + run running
one consonant swim swimming
(e.g. get, hit, stop),
we double the
consonant:

fold
+ -ing
But note that we play playing
do not double the happen happening
consonant, listen listening
1) when it is y or w remember remembering
(e.g. play)
2) when the last
syllable* is not
stressed
(e.g. reMEMber, VISit):
fold

* Consonants: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z
Vowels: a e i o u
Syllables: |hit| = 1 syllable; |vi|sit| = 2 syllables
|re|mem|ber= 3 syllables
fold

Learn and practise grammar in context

1
cut

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