xs 10 7am DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TRAINING CIRCULAR 40-MM GRENADE LAUNCHER XM148 HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY APRIL 1966 EE ARMOURIES} Cy Cana aihNo. 28-10 @ ‘TRAINING CIRCULAR \ Cuarren, Section CHaprer 2. Section I. CHAPTER 3. Section I. Cuarren 4. Section I. I. Cuarren 8. Section I. @-- HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ‘WasHINaton, D.C., 7 April 1966 40-MM GRENADE LAUNCHER XM148 Paragraph INTRODUCTION LAUNCHER CONTROLS AND SIGHTING EQUIPMENT Controls.. Sighting system. OPERATION, FUNCTIONING, STOP- PAGES, AND IMMEDIATE ACTION Operation and functioning. Stoppages and immediate action. SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND ‘MECHANICAL TRAINING. MAINTENANCE... AMMUNITION. MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING 11d 16-17 18-20 21-26 21-34 Sensing and fire adjustment; zeroing procedure; ‘range determination RANGE CONSTRUCTION. RANGE FIRING AND COURSES OF FIRE Qualification firing course. 52-54 Page ‘TC 23-10TC 23-10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Section I. GENERAL 1, Purpose and Scope. a. This training cireu- lar provides guidance for the conduct of train- ing with the 40-mm grenade launcher XM148. 6, This cireular contains a description of the launcher, its general characteristics, procedures for disassembly, a discussion of launcher con- trols and sighting system, operation and fune- tioning of the launcher, types and functioning of ammunition, maintenance, safety precau- tions, and information for the conduct of marksmanship training and range firing. The basic material in this eireular applies to nuclear warfare. Where appropriate, meifying guid= ance for nuclear and nonuclear warfare is in- cluded. 2. Responsibilities of Users. Users of this training circular are encouraged to submit ree- ommended changes or comments to improve the publication. Comments should be keyed to the Specific page, paragraph, and line of text in which the change is recommended. Reasons should be provided for each comment to insure understanding and complete evaluation. Com- ments should be forwarded direct to the Com- mandant, U.S. Army Infantry School, Fort Ben- ning, Ga. 81905. Section Il. CHARACTERISTICS 3. Deseription. The 40-mm grenade launcher XM148 is a single shot, breech loaded weapon designed for use with the XM16E1 rifle. The ‘Weapon consists of a launcher assembly, a sight assembly, and a special handguard for the XMI6E1 rifle which replaces the rifle’s normal handguard when the launcher is attached (fig 1). 4. Ammunition. a. The ammunition for the 40-mm grenade launcher XM148 is of the fixed 5, Tabulated Data. a. Launcher. Length of launcher (front of barrel to rear of extended trigger) Length of barrel Weight of launcher _ 6. Ammunition. type. The two major assemblies of a complete round are the cartridge case and the projectile, Ammunition is currently available in two types: (1) Cartridge, 40mm HE, M381 and M406. (2) Cartridge, 40-mm Practice, M382, ‘M407, M407E2, and M407A1 (M407- 3). b. For detailed information on ammunition, see chapter 6. 16.5 inches. 10 inches, 8 pounds (approx). 40-mm, Fixed. 3.9 inches. 8.0 ounces. AGO 6840 ii ® | @ ¢. Operational Characteristics. Action _. Sights: Front Rear Chamber pressure ‘Trigger pull -. Muzzle velocity Maximum range —_ Maximum effective range (area targets) Maximum effective range (point targets) — Minimum safe range: Training — Figure 1. XM148 grenade launcher on XM1GE1 rifle. AGO 63404 TC 23-10 Single shot, breech loaded, Adjustable post. Adjustable peepsight. 8,000 pounds per square inch. 6 to 11 pounds. 250 feet per second, 76 meters per second. 400 meters (approx). 850 meters. 150 meters. 80 meters. 31 meters.TC 23-10 CHAPTER 2 LAUNCHER CONTROLS AND SIGHTING EQUIPMENT Secton I. CONTROLS 2 6. Safety. The safety assembly is located as shown in figure 2. The function of the safety assembly is to stop the rearward movement of the sear lever. The safety is engaged by mov- ing it to the right until the letter # on the launcher housing is covered. At this point the safety assembly blocks the rearward movement of the sear lever and prevents the firing pin from moving forward. Before firing the launcher, the safety must be moved to the left CLAMP AND HEAT SHIELD ASSEMBLY until the letter ¥ on the launcher housing is exposed. Caution: Adjustment of the sear lever set screw is authorized at direct support mainte- nance level only. 7. Cocking Lever. The cocking lever is located as shown in figure 2. The cocking lever is serewed onto the rearward extension of the fir- ing pin. Before the launcher can be fired, the cocking lever must be pulled rearward until HAND GUARD, SIGHT ASSEMBLY PISTOL GRIP GROUP TRIGGER GROUP TRIGGER SAFETY ASSEMBLY ‘COCKING LEVER Figure 2, Launcher controls, AGO 68404 a “click” is heard. The firing pin cannot be re- turned to the neutral position until the trigger has been pulled. Caution: Before the launcher is cocked the trigger must be extended to the rearward posi- tion, This will prevent accidental firing which would occur if the steps were done in reverse order. 8 Trigger. The trigger is located on the launcher as shown in figure 2. The trigger is mounted on a trigger bar extending rearward TC 23-10 from the launcher housing. The trigger may be extended for firing or placed in the forward position for storage. Additionally, the trigger may be rotated on the extension bar to either the UP or DOWN positions. Before the launcher is cocked, the trigger should be extended to the rearward position. It is reeommended that the trigger be extended and maintained in the DOWN position when it is anticipated the launcher will be fired. In this position the launcher’s trigger will not interfere with the trigger of the rifle, Section II. SIGHTING SYSTEM 9. General. The sighting system on the XM148 grenade launcher (fig. 3) consists of a quad- rant sight mounted on an adjustable sight slide. A spring loaded pivot pin in the base of the slide allows the sight to be positioned in the raised, lowered, forward, and rearward posi- tions (fig 4). In any position of the sight, an adjustment can be made to suit the firer’s eye comfort by alining the sight in either of the two holes on the sight slide. 10. Positions of the sight slide. a. The raised position (1, fig 4) of the sight affords the grenadier maximum eye and position comfort at all ranges and is recommended for use with all firing positions. Figure 3. Sight assembly. @ AGO 68408‘TC 23-10 SIGHT ASSEusLY SIGHT SLIDE 1 RAISED PostTion 2. LOWERED PosiTion 5. REAR POSTION Figure 4. Positions of the sight on the sight slide. b. The lowered position (2, fig 4) of the sight slide is designed to afford the grenadier min- 6 imum exposure in the prone and foxhole posi- tions. This position, however, is of limited value since the slide interferes with the grenadier's forward hand during firing. ¢. The forward position of the sight slide is best used for stowing of the launcher and is not recommended for aiming purposes. d. The rearward position (3, fig 4) is of lim- ited value for aiming purposes at ranges greater than 200 meters since it causes the grenadier to assume an uncomfortable position and results in canting the weapon during firing. 11, Front Sight Post. The front sight post is located on the forward portion of the quadrant sight. A knob located on the underside of the front sight post allows the post to be adjusted for windage. ‘The windage seale on the front sight is graduated four clicks both left and right of the center. Each click moves the strike of the round 2 meters at a range of 200 meters, 12, Rear Sight. a. The rear sight is a peep- sight mounted on a windage scale. The scale is marked with six graduations both left and right of center. The windage knob is located on the left side of the windage scale and is used only in zeroing the launcher, One click on the wind- age knob will move the strike of the round 1 meter at a range of 200 meters. An elevation serew is located beneath the windage scale to raise or lower the peepsight for adjustments in elevation. One click on the elevation screw will move the strike of the round 2.5 meters at a range of 200 meters. b. Range settings are made by alining the index line on the sight drum’s base with the appropriate line on the range scale. The range seale is graduated from 50 to 400 meters and is marked at each even hundred by the numer- als 1, 2, 8, and 4, The long lines between full 100-meter marks indicate an additional range of 50 meters and the short lines indicate an additional range of 25 meters. To engage tar- gets at ranges where no settings exist on the sight, the grenadier should set the sight at the next higher sight setting and use an adjusted aiming point. For example, there is no sight setting on the range scale for a range of 225 meters, therefore the grenadier should set the sights on 250 meters and aim approximately 25 meters short of the target. TC 23-10 CHAPTER 3 OPERATION, FUNCTIONING, STOPPAGES, AND IMMEDIATE ACTION Section I. OPERATION AND FUNCTIONING 13, Preparation For Firing. a. Check the bore to be sure it is clear and dry. b. Check the launcher to be sure it is properly cleaned. ¢. Inspect for defective parts. d. Check the firing pin retainer to insure it is tight. e. Check to see that the front sling swivel has been removed from the rifle. RETRACT COCKING LEVER ‘TRIGGER EXTENDED 1. COCKING 14, Funetioning. a. Loading. With the barrel in the open position, the cartridge is inserted into the breech. b. Chambering. Chambering takes place when the barrel is closed. As the barrel is closed, the cartridge is held in place by the cartridge retainer and is seated against the face of the receiver when the barrel reaches its full travel rearward. SAFETY ASSEMBLY IN FIRE POSITION 2. FIRING Figure 6. Operation and functioning., saepen. @ @ AGO 68108TC 23-10 ce. Locking. The pistol grip pivots upward and engages the spring loaded grip lock plunger in the recess of the grip release, thus locking the barrel in place. 4. Cocking (1, fig 5). The launcher is cocked manually. When the cocking lever is pulled rearward it retracts the firing pin under tension of the firing pin spring, and causes the firing pin to engage a cocking notch on the sear. The cocking notch holds the firing pin to the rear and the launcher is cocked. e. Firing (2, fig 5). As the trigger is pulled, the trigger bar pulls the sear lever rearward, ‘The sear lever rotates the sear rearward, dis- engaging the cocking notch on the sear from the firing pin. When the firing pin is disengaged from the sear, it is driven forward under pressure of the firing pin spring. The firing pin is driven through its aperture in the firing pin retainer and strikes the primer of the car- tridge. The firing pin is retracted under pres- sure of a recoil spring in the firing pin retainer. Caution: Insure that the bayonet is not at- tached to the rifle. f. Unlocking. Unlocking is accomplished by pushing forward on the piston grip release. The forward movement unlocks the barrel from the receiver. g. Extracting. As the barrel is pushed for- ward, the extractor slides down a ramp on the rear of the barrel and engages the rim of the cartridge. This holds the cartridge in the chamber and extracts the cartridge from the barrel. h. Bjecting. There is no automatic ejector on the launcher. As the cartridge is extracted from the barrel, it falls out of the chamber of the launcher. Section Il. STOPPAGES AND IMMEDIATE ACTION 15. Stoppages. a. A stoppage of the grenade launcher is any unintentional interruption in the cycle of operation. Common types of stop- pages include failure to fire, failure to chamber, failure to extract, or failure to cock. b, Immediate action is the unhesitating appli- cation of a probable remedy without consider- ing the cause of the stoppage. To apply immediate action, follow the same procedure as outlined for a failure to fire in paragraph 17. c. Troubleshooting is the systematie study of trouble signs, testing to determine the defective component, and applying corrective action (chart I). 16. Misfire and Hangfire. a. Misfire. A mis- fire is a complete failure to fire. A misfire in itself is not dangerous, since it cannot be immediately distinguished from a delay in the functioning of the firing mechanism, or a hang- fire (b below). A misfire should be considered as a possible delayed firing or a hangfire until such possibility has been eliminated. A delay in the functioning of the firing mechanism could result from the presence of grit, sand, frost, ice, or improper or excessive oil or grease. This may create a partial mechanical restraint 8 which, after some delay, is overcome as a result of the continued force applied by the firing pin spring. b. Hangfire. A hangfire is a delay in the fune- tioning of a propelling charge or explosive train, at the time of firing. The amount of delay is unpredictable, but in most cases it will fall within the range of a split second to 30 seconds. ‘Thus, a hangfire cannot be distinguished im- mediately from a misfire, 17, Failure to Fire. Anytime the launcher fails to fire, @ hangfire is assumed. If this occurs, the following procedures are followed. a. First, recock and attempt to fire. b. If the weapon still fails to fire, shout MISFIRE, keep the weapon aimed at the tar- get, and keep all personnel clear of the muzzle. ¢. Before attempting to remove the round from the launcher, all personnel not required for the operation will be moved to a safe area. d. Wait 80 seconds, open the breech and re- move the round, and examine the primer to see if it has been dented. If the primer has not been dented, the weapon's firing mechanism is at fault. The round may be reloaded and fired AGO 68404 © @ after the cause of the failure to fire has been corrected. e, If the primer has been dented, the round will be kept separate from other ammunition and disposed of by ordnance personnel. Chart I. Troubleshooting Conestive ation Mattunetion Probable cause Failure to fire | Safety on “S” | Place in “F” position. position. Empty chamber | Load weapon. Faulty ammu- | Reload. nition. ‘Worn or broken | Turn in to direet firing pin. support. Broken sear | Turn in to direct lever. support. Weak or broken | Replace firing pin firing pin spring. spring. Broken sear | Turn in to direct support. AGO 68404 TC 23-10 Chart I, Troubleshooting—Continued Malfunction Probuble cause | Corrective ction Failure to Faulty ammu- | Reload. ‘chamber. nition. Dirty chamber _| Clean bore and chamber. Failure to Defective ex- | Replace extrac- extract. tractor, tort Ruptured car- | Remove from ‘tridge case. barrel. Failure of safety | Broken or worn | Turn in to direct to remain in safety. support. selected posi tion. i Sight will not | Broken sight | ‘Turn in to direct locking bolt. support. T Replacement of extractor ond fing pin apring may be ae ral ot organizational evelTC 23-10 CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND MECHANICAL TRAINING ‘TC 23-10 (aK NOTE, MAKE CERTAIN LOCK PIN OF LAUNCHER 15 SEATED IN NOTCH OF 18 Tools. The special tools necessary for cleaning and disassembly or assembly of the launcher are shown in figure 6. 19. Launcher Installation, a. Removal of Rifle Handguard. (1) With the muzzle of the rifle pointing upward, pull down on the slipring on the rear of the rifle handguard, (2) Swing rear portions of handguard sections to the side and pull down to disengage them from the front hand- guard retainer cap. b, Attaching the Launcher to the Rifle (fg ”. (1) Separate the two parts of the launcher’s front mounting clamp by removing the cotter pin and the front mount screws. BORE BRUSH Ny COMBINATION TOOL Se <__ UNDER DEVELOPMENT ) BRUSH Figure 6. Special tools and equipment. 10 BARREL NUT. (2) Slide the launcher’s rear mounting [FRONT clamp over the narrow neck of the “RETAINER | rifle barrel just behind the front hand- tap Sy FEMove guard retainer cap. (8) Slide the launcher rearward on the rifle barrel until the rear mounting clamp is fully seated into the notch on the barrel nut, Before proceeding, check to insure that the launcher is not canted on the rife. (4) Install the top portion of the front mounting clamp on the launcher by engaging the lip of the top portion with the rim of the clamp base and then install the front mount screws and eotterpin. Note: The front mount clamp and heat shield should be tight on the barrel, but no attempt should be made to completely close the gap between upper and lower 4, INSTALL OR REMOVE FRONT MOUNT CAP SCREWS THONG Figure 7. Attacking the launcher to the rifle. CO Oe 1 AGO 68404TC 23-10 2. INSTALL OR REMOVE HAND GUARD Figure 8. Installation and removal of the handguard. clamps as it will result in damage to the heat shield or strip the front mount serevs. 12 1. REMOVE OR INSTALL PIVOT PIN CAUTION: MAKE CERTAIN CARTRIDGE RETAINER IS SEATED IN HOLE (OF BARREL WHEN INSTALLING PISTOL GRIP HOLE. HOLE RETAINER! 2, REMOVE OR INSTALL PISTOL GRIP GROUP Figure 9. Pistol grip group. ¢. Attaching the Handguard to the Rifle (fig 8). (1) Slide the handguard forward over the (2) (3) yifle barrel insuring that the lips on the underside of the handguard slide beneath the front mounting clamp on the launcher. Fully seat the narrow front portion of the handguard into the front hand- guard retainer eap. Pull rearward on the slipring at the rear handguard retainer cap and seat the rear portion of the handguard intorthe retainer cap. AGO 68404 20. Disassembly of the Launcher. a. General Hisassembly. (1) Clear the weapon by pushing forward on the pistol grip release and opening the breech of the launcher. Inspect the breech to insure the weapon is not loaded. (2) Remove the sight by pulling up on the locking button located at the pivot point of the sight and sliding the sight along the sight slide until it becomes disengaged. (8) Remove the piston grip pivot pin in either direetion, using a punch or the nose of a cartridge (7.62-mm or 5.56- mm). (4) Remove the pistol grip from the barrel (fig 9). (5) Slide the barrel forward until it dis- engages from the launcher housing (fig 10). (6) At this point the launcher is disas- sembled into five parts: the sight, barrel, launcher housing, pistol grip, and the pistol ‘grip pivot pin. This is as far as the launcher should be dis- assembled under field conditions. Detailed disassembly should be done only when required to prevent malfunctions. b. Detailed Disassembly. This includes all of the same steps as outlined in a above and pro- ceeds as follows: (1) Eatractor (fig 11). Using the Allen wrench on the combination tool (fig 6), remove the extractor screw and the extractor will become disengaged from the launcher housing. (2) Trigger group (fig 12). (a) Using the Allen wrench portion of the combination tool, remove the sear lever screw as shown in figure 12. (b) Remove the washer. (c) Move safety to fire position. (d) Disengage the sear lever from the sear. (e) Pull the sear lever down and to the rear to disengage the prongs on the sear lever from the trigger bar. Note: Make no attempt to move or adjust the sear lever set screw. @ @... 4 TC 28-10 (f) Pull the trigger bar to the rear and remove the trigger spring from the launcher housing. (g) Slide the trigger extension support out of the launcher housing. (8) Firing pin components (fig 13). (a) Retract the cocking lever until a hole in the rearward extension of the firing pin is exposed. Insert the socket screw key into the hole to prevent the firing pin from rotating. ‘Unscrew the cocking lever from the firing pin. (b) Using the prongs on the combina- tion tool, unscrew the firing pin retainer in a counterclockwise diree- tion, When the firing pin is re- moved, the firing pin spring will come out attached to the firing pin. (c) Rotate the sear counterelockwise to release the firing pin and lift the firing pin and spring out of the launcher housing. (d) After removing the firing pin, the sear may be removed through the access hole in the right rear of the launcher housing. (4) This is as far as the grenadier is au- thorized to disassemble the launcher. Further disassembly for repairs or replacement of parts will be done only by a unit armorer or by a direct sup- port maintenance facility. c. Assembly of the Launcher (jig 9 through 13). Assembly is the reverse of disassembly. Each part of the launcher is replaced in reverse order. To assemble the launcher, the grenadier proceeds as follows: Note: Parts will not be interchanged between gre- nade launchers. (1) Firing pin components (fig 13). (a) Replace the sear into its recess in the right rear portion of the launcher housing. Insure that the sear notch is so alined that it will allow passage of the firing pin, (0) Insert the firing pin into its recess in the rear of the launcher housing, engaging it with the sear. 13‘TC 23-10 4 FIRMLY, 1, REMOVE OR INSTALL EXTRACTOR SCREW REMOVE OR INSTALL BARREL GROUP Figure 10. Barrel group. r ee oe TIGHTEN SCREW 2 Figure 11, Extractor, (c) Replace the firing pin retainer into the face of the chamber and tighten it with the prongs on the combina- tion tool. (2) Trigger group (fig 12). (a) Aline the trigger spring with the trigger bar recess in the launcher housing and insert the trigger bar guide rod into its recess, insuring that the rounded portion of the guide rod faces toward the rear of the launcher. (b) (e) (a) EXTRACTOR REMOVE OR INSTALL EXTRACTOR Insert the trigger bar through the hole in the trigger bar guide rod and through the trigger spring until the trigger bar is fully seated in the launcher housing. Compress the trigger spring. Hold- ing the spring in its compressed position, engage the sear lever with the notches on the trigger bar. Engage the rectagular slot on the sear lever with the rectangular bar on the sear and replace the Allen ‘TC 23-10 2. REMOVE OR INSTALL WASHER AND SEAR LEVER SPRING, SUPPORT 4, REMOVE OR INSTALL TRIGGER SPRING AND TRIGGER EXTENSION SUPPORT 3, REMOVE OR INSTALL TRIGGER GROUP NOTE: USE ALLEN WRENCH OF TOOL TO POSITION SPRING ‘a 5. INSTALL SEAR LEVER Figure 12. Trigger group. 15 AGO 68408TC 23-10 pa 3. REMOVE OR INSTALL SEAR >) _JCOMBINATION €|TOOL SPRING. SPRING! RETAINER. FIRING PIN 4° REMOVE OR INSTALL BUFFER SPRING FIRING PIN AND SPRING Figure 18. Firing pin assembly and the sear. head screw and washer into the sear. (e) Serew the cocking lever onto the rearward extension of the firing pin. (8) Extractor (fig 11). Place the extrac- tor into its recess at the top rear of the launcher housing and secure it by replacing the Allen head serew into the rear of the extractor. (4) Barrel (fig 10). Slide the barrel into the forward portion of the launcher housing. 16 (5) Pistol grip group (sig 9). Attach the pistol grip group to the barrel by inserting the cartridge retainer into the small hole in the barrel just for- ward of the pistol grip mount. Aline the hole in the pistol grip and the hole in the pistol grip mount and insert the grip pivot pin through the hole. Care- ful alinement of the cartridge re- trainer pin is necessary during assem- bly to prevent breakage. AGO 63408 SM ‘TC 23-10 CHAPTER 5 MAINTENANCE 21, General. Maintenance ineludes all meas- sures taken to keep the launcher in operating condition. This inelud2s normal cleaning, in- spection for defective parts, repair, and lubri- cation, 22, Cleaning Materials, Lubricants, and Equipment. a, Cleaning Materials. (1) Solvent cleaning compound is used for cleaning the bore of the launcher. It also provides temporary protection from corrosion. (2) Hot water is a substitute when clean- ing compound is not available. (8) Drycleaning solvent is used for clean- ing launchers which are coated with grease, oil, or corrosion-preventive compounds. b. Lubricants. (1) General purpose lubricating oil (PL. special) is used for lubricating the launcher at temperatures above 0° F. (2) Weapons lubricating oil (LAW) is is used at temperatures below 0° F. (3) SAE 10 engine oil or castor oil may be used as a field expedient under combat conditions when the oils preseribed in (1) and (2) above cannot be obtained, However, the weapon should be cleaned and lubricated with the proper, authorized lubricants as soon as possible. 23. Cleaning the Launcher. «. The launcher must be cleaned after it has been fired because firing produces deposits of primer fouling, powder ashes, carbon, and metal fouling. The ammunition has a noncorrosive primer which makes cleaning easier, but no less important. The primer still leaves a deposit that may col- lect moisture and promote rust if it is not removed. The cleaning procedure described AGO 68404 below will remove all deposits except metal fouling which is relatively uncommon and is removed by ordnance personnel. b. The launcher should be field stripped and cleaned in the following manner after it has been fired (fig 14). (1) Bore. Attach a clean, dry rang to the thong and dampen the rag with bore cleaner. Pull the rag through the bore several times. Next, attach the bore brush to the thong and pull it through the bore several times. Follow this with more wet rags. Pull dry rags through the bore and inspect each rag as it removed. The bore is clean when a dry rag comes out clean with no evidence of fouling. Finally, pull an oily rag through the bore to leave a light coat of oil inside the barrel. (2) Firing ‘pin retainer. Clean the face of the firing pin retainer with a patch and bore cleaner. Remove the bore cleaner with dry rags and oil lightly. (3) All other parts. Use a brush and a dry cloth to clean all other parts and ex- terior surfaces. Apply a light coat of oil to the exterior of the launcher after cleaning. 24, Normal Maintenance. a. The launcher should be inspected frequently for evidence of rust. A light coat of oil should be kept on all metal parts. b. Inspection should also reveal any defects such as burred, worn, or cracked parts. De- fects should be reported to the armorer. 25, Special Maintenance. «. Before firing the launcher, the bore should be cleaned and dried. A light coat of oil should be placed on all other parts except those which come into contact with amminition. Wy©@ BARREL, 2. CLEANING BARREL BORE t FIRING PIN RECESS 3. CLEANING FIRING PIN RECESS | Figure 15. Cleaning the launcher. ® @ 18 AGO 62408 b. In cold climates (temperatures below freez- ing), the launcher must be kept free of mois- ture and excess oil. Moisture and exeess oil on the working parts cause them to operate slug- gishly or fail completely. The launcher must be disassembled and wiped with a clean, dry cloth. Drycleaning solvent may be used if necessary to remove oil or grease. Parts that show signs of wear may be wiped with a patch lightly dampened with PL special lubricating oil. It is best to keep the launch r as close as possible to outside temperatures at all times to prevent the collection of moisture which oceurs when cold metal comes in contact with warm air. If the launcher is brought into a warm room it should be allowed to reach room temperature, so that condensation will appear before the weapon is cleaned. ¢. In hot, humid climates, or when exposed to salt water or salt water atmosphere, the launcher must be inspected thoroughly each day for signs of moisture and rust. d. In hot, dry climates the launcher must be cleaned daily or more often to remove sand and/or dust from the bore and working parts. In sandy areas the launcher should be kept dry to prevent the collection of sand. The muz- ale and receiver should be kept covered during sand- and dust-storms. The launcher should AGO 6840 ‘TC 23-10 be relubricated when sandy or dusty conditions decreasc or when it begins to show rust or corrosion. e. Special instructions on caring for the launcher when it is subjected to nuclear, biolog- ical, or chemical contamination may be found in FM 21-40. 26. Storage. a. Preparation for Storage. Thor- oughly clean and dry the bore, the firing mech- anism, and the exterior of the weapon. After the launcher has been dried, be careful not to touch it with bare hands. Coat the launcher with either preservative lubricating oil, or, if the weapon is to remain in storage for a very long time, medium rust-preventive compound. Never store a launcher in a cloth or similar cover and never plug the bore. Such articles collect moisture that causes the launcher to rust ‘or corrode. b. Cleaning When Launchers Have been in Long-Term Storage. Weapons received from long-term storage usually have a coat of light or medium preservative oil and are inclosed in a volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) tube, sealed aluminum foil, barrier-type bag. These weapons can be fired as soon as the VCI tube is removed from the bore, but normally they should be cleaned and lubricated as preseribed in para- graphs 22 and 23, 19‘TC 23-10 CHAPTER 6 AMMUNITION 27. General. The 40-mm cartridge (fig 15) is a fixed-type ammunition with a point detonating fuze. The complete round consists of two major assemblies: the cartridge case and the projectile (grenade). 28. Cartridge Case. The aluminum cartridge case is made with an integral propellent re- tainer. Into this retainer is inserted a thin- walled, brass cup containing the propellant. An aluminum base plug which seals the base of the ©. @ cartridge case is then pressed and erimped into the propellent retainer. Finally, an M42 per- cussion primer is pressed and crimped into the base plug. 29, Types. Currently there are two types of 40-mm’ ammunition issued for use with the launcher, high explosive and practice. ‘TC 23-10 e. The high explosive round (fig 16) contains a grenade 1.5 inches in diameter with approxi- mately 1.25 ounces of composition B explosive. ‘The grenade is formed of rectangular-wrapped steel wire. The wire is notched at intervals to allow for fragmentation upon detonation of the grenade. ‘ALUMINUM OGIVE —; we PRESSURE PLATE FUZE ASSEMBLY PROJECTILE SKIRT GRENADE EXPLOSIVE DETONATOR + CARTRIDGE CASE LOW PRESSURE s RETAINER CUP CHAMBER eo. VENT HOLES 5 HIGH PRESSURE CHAMBER f PUA BASE PLUG: Figure 15, Identification, s0-mm ammunition a umn @ Figure 16. Cross section of komm cartridge, HE rownd. AGO ssi0A, 21TC 23-10 1 PRESSURED _ACHAMBER} PRESSURE CHAMBER WHEN IGNITED BY THE PRIMER, THE PROPELLANT ENCLOSED IN THE BRASS POWDER CHARGE CUP (HIGH PRESSURE CHAMBER) RUPTURES THE CUP AT THE VENT HOLES AND IS VENTED INTO THE REMAINDER OF THE CARTRIDGE CASE (LOW PRESSURE CHAMBER) PRESSURE N I \ Figure 17. High-low propulsion system. 22 ‘AGO os40a b. The practice round is ballistically matched to the high explosive (HZ) round and is filled with a yellow dye powder. Upon impact, the fuze booster breaks open the grenade and dis- perses the powder as a puff of yellow smoke which is clearly visible out to the maximum range of the launcher. Chart I. Currently Authorized Ammunition Nomenclature Lensth | rose | wet Cartridge 40-mm HE. M381 3.9 inches. M552_| 8 ounces £406 3.9 inches_| M551_| 8 ounces Cartridge 40-mm Practice M382 8.9 inches._| Bounces M407, M407 ,| 8.9 inches. Bounces MA07A1. 30. Identification. The HE and practice rounds are identical in size, weight, and shape. ‘The HE round has a gold colored ogive while the practice round has a silver colored ogive (fig 15). 31. Fuzes. The M552 and M551 impact deto- nating fuzes are used with the HE and practice rounds. The M552 fuze arms by a spin action and is armed about 3 meters from the muzzle. ‘The M551 fuze (fig 16) arms by a spin and setback action and must travel between 14 and 28 meters before being armed. 32. High-Low Propulsion System. To propel a 40-mm projectile from a shoulder-fired © Ou TC 23-10 weapon required the development of the high- low propulsion system (fig 17). This system functions as follows: when the firing pin strikes the primer, the primer flash ignites the pro- pellant which is contained within the brass powder-charge cup inside the high pressure chamber. The burning propellant creates a pres- sure of 35,000 pounds per square inch within the high pressure chamber, causing the brass powder-charge cup to rupture at the vent holes. As the vent holes rupture, the gases flow into the low pressure chamber (interior portion of the cartridge case). As the gases enter the larger area, the pressure is reduced to 3,000 pounds per square inch which is sufficient to propel the projectile through the barrel to the intended target. The grenade leaves the rifled barrel of the launcher with a muzzle velocity of 250 feet per second and a right-hand spin of 3,700 revolutions per minute. The spin stabi- lizes the grenade during the flight and provides the rotational forces necessary to arm the fuze. 33. Casualty Radius. The high explosive gre- nade has an effective casualty radius of 5 meters. The effective casualty radius is defined as the radius of a circle about the point of de- tonation in which it may normally be expected that 50 percent of the exposed personnel will become casualties. 34. Individual Basic Load. The individual basic load for the launcher is 18 rounds. The grenadier carries his basic load in three, two- pocket bandoleers. Each pocket contains a plas- tie support which holds three rounds, 23TC 23-10 CHAPTER 7 MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING Section I. GENERAL 35. Purpose of Marksmanship Training. ‘Marksmanship training is designed to teach the grenadier the basic fundamentals of firing the grenade launcher and to prepare him to effec- tively employ the weapon in combat. 36. Purpose of Preparatory Marksmanship Training. Preparatory marksmanship training is designed to develop fixed and correct shoot- ing habits and to condition the soldier both mentally and physically to effectively fire the grenade launcher. Rifle marksmanship training provides a sound basis for training with the grenade launcher. 37, Elements of Marksmanship. a. Prepara- tory marksmanship training with the grenade launcher develops skill in the following critical areas: Section II. 38. Sight Alinement, Sight Picture, and Sight Manipulation, a. Sight alinement is the relationship between the front sight post and the rear peepsight. To obtain correct alinement, the top edge of the front sight post should be centered in the rear peepsight. ». The sight picture includes sight alinement and placement of the aiming point. To obtain a correct sight picture, correct sight alinement, as described in a above, is obtained with the top edge of the front sight post positioned on the center of imass of the target. ¢. Sight manipulation is the procedure of placing the sight in the proper position for fir- ing and placing the proper range setting on the sight to engage the target, d. The aiming exercises outlined in FM 28-71, 24 (1) Sighting, aiming, and sight manipula- tion. (2) Positions and rapid fire. (8) Sensing and adjustment of fire, (8) Zeroing procedure. (5) Range determination. b. Items (1) through (8) above, with proper trigger control, make up the whole act of fir- ing. In training they must be closely tied to- gether to develop the coordination necessary to perform the act correctly. The skills learned from previous marksmanship training with other weapons do not differ greatly from those skills required for firing the grenade launcher. Proficiency in all the skills listed above are essential and can only be obtained by. proper marksmanship training. AIMING Rifle Marksmanship, may be utilized to train the grenadier in aiming procedures with the grenade launcher. 39. Importance of Sight Alinement. a. The correct relationship between the front sight post and the rear ‘peepsight (sight alinement) is much more important than the relationship be- tween the target and the sights. An error in sight alinement will cause an error on the target which will increase as the range to the target inereases, whereas an error in placement of the aiming point will remain constant at all ranges. b. Since it is important to obtain and hold cor- rect sight alinement when shooting, the grena- dier must concentrate on it as the first and last steps in aiming. That is, he first concentrates on sight alinement, then adds the target to get a sight picture; then once again concentrates on © © @ ight alinement as he squeezes the trigger. With rractice, these steps become a continuous, auto- matie process. 40, Breathing. a. Controlled breathing is an essential element of marksmanship. If the gren- adier breathes while trying to aim, the rise and fall of his chest causes his launcher to move and makes it impossible to hold sight alinement and sight pieture long enough to fire accurately. ‘The only way to avoid this movement is to hold the breath for a few seconds. There is a correct TC 23-10 way of holding the breath and the instructor must teach it to the firers before he conducts them through the various aiming exercises. b. The correct way to breathe and hold the breath while aiming is to take a normal breath, let part of it out, and hold the remainder by closing the throat and not by tensing the dia- phragm. Do not hold it for more than 10 sec- onds at a time. Relax with two or three normal breaths between each try and repeat the process as often as necesssary. Section II. POSITIONS AND RAPID FIRE TRAINING 41. General. a. The grenade launcher is fired from the same positions as the XMI6E1 rifle with modifications due to the launcher’s sight- ing system. The most commonly used firing posi- tions are the prone, kneeling, foxhole, and standing positions. Supported positions add stability to the weapon and should be used whenever possible. The grenadier assumes the various firing positions in the same manner as with the XMIGE1 rifle (FM 28-9), with the following exceptions: (1) The left hand grips the pistol grip on the launcher with the left index finger positioned beneath the fingerguard. (2) The stock weld is not used in order to allow the grenadier to obtain correct sight alinement. b. At ranges less than 150 meters, the grena- dier is able to fire from the shoulder in the nor- mal manner from all positions. However, in order to maintain sight alinement as range to the target increases, he must make the follow- ing adjustments: (1) Lower the position of the stock on the shoulder or drop the butt from the shoulder, whichever is required, to maintain sight alinement. At near maximum ranges the stock will be positioned between the waist and the armpit and held firmly into the body by the upper arm. In the prone position the butt of the rifle stock on the ground onee the stock is no longer against the shoulder. (2) 42. The Prone Position. a. The prone posi- tion (fig 18) is a steady position, easy to assume, and presents a low silhouette. b. To assume the prone position, stand facing the target with the butt of the rifle resting against the right hip, the right hand grasping the rifle pistol grip and the left hand on the launcher pistol grip. Spread the feet a com- fortable distance apart, shift the weight slightly to the rear, and drop to the knees. At thesame time, place the right hand on the heel of the stock. Draw an imaginary line from the right Ime to the target. Using the left hand as a sup- port, roll over to the left side, placing the elbow on the imaginary line drawn from the right Imee to the target. Grasp the pistol grip with the left hand, and, with the right hand place the butt of the rifle into the pocket of the right shoulder. Grasp the rifle's pistol grip with the right hand and lower the right elbow to the ground so that the shoulders are level. This in- sures that the weight of the body is behind the weapon so that the firer can recover quickly after each round is fired. The upper body is straight, and the legs are spread a comfortable distance apart. The toes are pointing outward and the angles are relaxed so that the heels will rest on the ground if possible. The weight of the upper body is relaxed forward onto the left arm. ¢. The pront supported position (fig 19) is identical to the prone position except that the grenadier’s left forearm is placed on a support. ‘The grenadier must insure that no part of the 25TC 23-10 © Figure 18. The prone position. Figure 19. The prone supported position. launcher touches the support since this will affect the normal recoil of the weapon. 43. Kneeling Position. a. The kneeling posi- tion is particularly good on level ground that slopes upward toward the target. b. To assume the kneeling position, stand fac- ing the target with the left hand on the launch- ex’s pistol grip and the right hand grasping the rifle’s pistol grip. Execute a right face, then place the left foot about 18 inches to the left front with the toe pointing in the general diree- 26 tion of the target. Kneel on the right knee, keep- ing the right toe in place. Sit with the right buttock on the right heel. Place the left elbow forward on the left knee, resting the flat por- tion of the upper arm on the knee. Move the rifle butt into the pocket of the right shoulder, keeping the right hand on the rifle pistol grip. Pull the rifle well into the shoulder. The right elbow is near the horizontal position to form a good pocket for the rifie butt. To complete the position, shift the weight forward onto the left leg and relax. Approximately 60 percent of the aaa on™) Geers should be on the left leg. The left elbow is under the launcher with the flat portion of the upper arm on the knee. ‘This avoids point- to-point contact between the elbow and the knee. The left lower leg is vertical as viewed from the front. The toe of the left foot points generally in the direction of the target. There is solid contact between the left calf and the left thigh. The left foot should be drawn closer to the body if this contact is not made when the weight is shifted forward. Th: right knee is placed on the ground so that the right thigh forms an angle of approximately 90 degrees with the line- of-aim. The leg completes a solid, three-point base for the position. There is contact between the right buttock and the right heel. The firer first sits on the right heel, and when he shifts his weight forward he should move the right heel forward to maintain this contact. ¢. The kneeling supported position is assumed in the same manner as the kneeling position except that the left hand and arm come into contact with a support. In assuming this posi- tion the grenadier must insure that no part of o@: launcher touches the support and that there is adequate clearance between the support and ‘the weapon to allow full use of the launcher’s sights. 44, Sitting Position. The sitting position is especially suitable for use on ground which slopes downward. It may be used when the firer’s view is obscured from a lower position. ‘There are three variations of the sitting posi- tion, The grenadier should use the variation which best suits him, as described in detail below. a. To assume the open-legged sitting posi- tion (@, fig 20), face the target, execute a half- right face, and spread the feet wide apart. Sit down, breaking the fall with the left hand, and slide the buttocks well to the rear. The feet should rest on the inside of the heels with the ankles relaxed so that the toes point inward. Bend forward from the hips, place the left upper arm on the flat portion of the shinbone, and regrasp the launcher pistol grip with the left hand. Move the butt of the rifle into the pocket of the right shoulder, keeping the right eo. on the rifle pistol grip. Rest the right Paco sion, TC 23-10 elbow on the inside of the right leg. Pull to the rear slightly with the left hand and firmly with the right hand. b. To assume the cross-ankled sitting posi- tion, face the target, execute a half-right face, and sit down. With the legs extended from the body, cross the left ankle over the right ankle. Keep both ankles straight. Place the left upper arm across the shinbone of the left leg. Move the butt of the rifle into the pocket of the right shoulder. Lower the right elbow to the inside of the right knee. This position can be adjusted by varying the distance the legs are extended from the body (@, fig 20). c. To assume the cross-legged sitting position, face the target, execute a half-right face, and sit down. Cross the left leg over the right leg and draw both feet close to the body. Place the left upper arm against the shinbone of the left leg. Move the butt of the stock into the pocket of the right shoulder. Lower the right elbow so that the right upper arm is against the shinbone of the right leg (@, fig 20). 45, Squatting Position, a. The squatting posi- tion is a steady position and can be quickly as- sumed. It is good when firing from mud, shallow water, or contaminated areas because only the © Open-tegged sitting position. Figure 20. Sitting positions. 27® Cross-ankle sitting position. Figure 20—Continued. © Cross-legged sitting position. Figure 20—Continued. feet are in contact with the ground. It is best used on level ground or on ground which slopes downward (fig 21) b, To assume the squatting position, face the target and execute a half-right face. Spread the feet a comfortable distance apart and squat as low as possible, keeping both feet flat on the ground. Place the left elbow inside the left knee and the butt of the stock into the pocket of the right shoulder. Lower the right elbow so that it is against the inside of the right knee. 28 46. Foxhole Position. a. The foxhole rosin is used in defensive situations or in other situa- > tions where prepared positions are available. b. To assume the foxhole position (fig 22), place the right foot against the rear of the fox- hole and lean forward until the chest is against the forward edge of the foxhole. Place the left elbow on or against solid support. Position the butt of the stock on the shoulder. Place the right elbow on or against a solid support. The firer completes the position by relaxing into a firing position. The firer does not permit the weapon to touch the support. The left arm holds the weapon at a point which suits the conforma- tion of the body and location of the target. 47, Standing Position. a. The standing posi- tion is normally used when engaging targets less than 100 meters in range. It is particularly effective to engage surprise targets while mov- ing (fig 28). b, To assume the standing unsupported posi- tion, face the target, execute the half-right face, and spread the feet a comfortable distance apart. With the right hand on the pistol gripgs : of the rifle and the left hand on the launche@) @ pistol grip, place the butt of the stock on the shoulder so that the sights are approximately level with the eyes. Hold the right elbow high to form a good pocket for the butt of the stock oo) @& Figure 22. The foxhole position. Figure 28. The standing position. and to permit a strong upward pressure with the right hand. Hold the majority of the weight of the weapon with the right hand. To complete AGO «tA, TC 23-10 the position, shift the feet until a natural aim- ing stance is obtained. 48. Pointing Technique. The pointing tech- nique (fig 24) is used to deliver a high rate of fire when point-target accuracy is not required. In normal firing, approximately one-third of the time required to fire one round is used in obtain- ing a sight picture. By eliminating the use of the sights and merely pointing the weapon toward the target area, the rate of fire is in- creased from 3 to 5 rounds per minute to 5 to 7 rounds per minute. The grenadier brings the weapon to his shoulder in the normal manner. He positions his head above the weapon with both eyes open. He focuses his eyes on the tar- get area with the weapon in his field of vision. He aims by pointing the weapon at the target. Although the pointing technique can be used from any of the standard firing positions, it is most frequently used during the assault. 49, Rapid Fire Training. Rapid fire is a series of aimed rounds launched as fast as the grena- dier can get a sight picture, properly control the trigger, and reload the weapon, Accuracy in rapid fire, as in slow fire, requires a steady aim, a good position, and proper trigger con- trol. In rapid fire, these elements are blended together by a high degree of coordination and there is a minimum loss of time between rounds. In rapid fire training the firer is required to assume a position rapidly, launch the first gre- nade, reload, and launch a second grenade. ‘These actions are broken down into two exer- cises which are taught in the following order: one, taking positions rapidly; two, reloading. a. First Rapid Fire Exercise (Taking Posi- tions Rapidly). The first rapid fire exercise con- sists of assuming the prone position and launch- ing the first grenade in 10 seconds at a pre- selected target at a known range, The grena- dier first assumes a correct prone position. He checks to see that he is aiming naturally at his target. The coach checks the position to see that it is corrrect. The grenadier rises, keeping his feet in place, and stands ready with his left hand on the launcher pistol grip and his right hand grasping the rifle pistol grip. On com- mand, the firer again takes the prone position, 29‘TC 23-10 Figure 24. Pointing technique. aims at his target, and simulates launching the first round. Note: Hither dummy rounds or empty cartridge cases may be used for this exercise, Live practice or high explosive ammunition is never used for rapid fire training except on the grenade range during range firing. A recommended method for constructing dummy rounds involves the use of expended cartridge cases. A wooden plug is shaped to the configuration of the projectile end of the round and inserted into the ear- tridge case, This provides a highly satisfactory train- ing aid for marksmanchip exercises. If expended cartridge cases are not available, the dummy round may be fashioned entirely from wood or other suitable material. The procedures as described may be used to give practice in assuming other positions rapidly. b. Second Rapid Fire Bxercise (Reloading). (1) The second rapid fire exercise consists of reloading quickly and smoothly. It requires the grenadier to remove a cartridge case from the launcher, take a dummy round from the bandoleer, load it into the launcher, reassume his position, and simulate launching one round, Thirteen seconds are allowed for the exercise. (2) Before starting the exercise the grena- dier loads a dummy round or empty cartridge case into the launcher. He then places a dummy round in a pocket of the bandoleer. The bandoleer should be so located that the grenadier has easy access to his ammunition, He then assumes the position required and checks to see that he is aiming nat- urally at the target. The coach also checks to see that the position is cor- rect. (8) The exercise is executed on the follow- ing commands: (a) FIRER IN POSITION. (b) AIM AT YOUR TARGET. (c) THIS IS A RELOADING EXER- CISE; YOU HAVE 13 SECONDS. @ FIRE. (¢) CEASE FIRING. (4) At the command FIRE the grenadier simulates launching the first grenade by pulling the trigger, drops the butt of the weapon from his shoulder, opens the breech, reloads and simu- lates launching the second grenade. The command CEASE FIRING is given 18 seconds after the command FIRE. (5) This exercise is repeated in the same manner from all positions until pro- ficiency is attained. Section IV. SENSING AND FIRE ADJUSTMENT; ZEROING PROCEDURE; RANGE DETERMINATION 50, General, If a first round hit is not made by the grenadier, he must be able to determine where the grenade landed in relation to the target and make the required adjustments in 30 elevation and deflection to bring the next gre- nade on target. a. Sensing. Sensing is a determination by the grenadier of where the grenade explodes with AGO sta, @ respect to the target. A sensing is made for both range and deviation. Sensings are made instan- taneously. The grenadier should be required to announce all sensings and corrections during his early training. (1) Range sensings. Range sensings are made as OVER, SHORT, DOUBT- FUL, LOST RANGE CORRECT, or TARGET. If the grenade bursts be- tween the grenadier and target, it is sensed as SHORT. If the burst is be+ yond the target, it is sensed as OVER. If the grenade hits any portion of the target, it is sensed as TARGET, The burst is sensed RANGE CORRECT when the grenade is slightly left or right of the target, but at the correct range. If the grenade is left or right and the grenadier cannot make a posi- tive range sensing, the round is sensed as DOUBTFUL. If for any reason the grenadier cannot obtain a sensing for a particular grenade, he reports LOST, immediately reloads, and fires with the same sight setting at the same aiming point. (2) Deviation sensing. Deviation sensings are RIGHT, LEFT, or LINE. All sens- ings, both for range and for deviation, are made to the nearest 5 meters since the effective casualty radius of the high explosive round is 5 meters. b. Fire Adjustment. If the grenadier’s first grenade impacts more than 25 meters over or short of the target, he adjusts the range setting on the rear sight to bring the next grenade on target. If the grenade explodes less than 25 meters from the target, the grenadier uses an adjusted aiming point to bring the next gre- nade on target. If the launcher is properly zeroed, deviation errors will be small and can easily be corrected by the use of an adjusted aiming point. Deviation errors will become a problem only when there is sufficient wind blowing to move the grenade out of its normal trajectory. After observing the effect of the wind on the strike of the grenade, the grenadier uses an adjusted aiming point by aiming into the wind to bring the next grenade on target. AGO 604, TC 23-10 For example, if the grenade bursts to the left and short of the target, the grenadier senses the strike of the round in relation to the target, and then adjusts an equivalent distance to the right and over the target in order to compensate for wind drift and range error to achieve a target hit. The grenadier should be taught to visually follow the flight of the grenade to the target. ‘This will aid him in determining the effect of the wind on the grenade as it moves toward the target. For field firing, winds may be character- ized as follows: ‘Medium—10 miles per hour. Strong—20 miles per hour. If the grenadier is able to evaluate the wind and compensate for it before firing his first round, his ability to achieve a first round hit is greatly increased. The information contained in chart, III below should be used as a guide in applying adjustments for different ranges. Chart M1. Effects Of Wind (1) Approximate aiming adjustments when the wind is blowing directly with or against the flight of the grenade. Medium wind | | strons wind Range (eters) | udmnahh™ Meters | (20 moh) "Aears 100 1 15 150 15 35 200 3.0 60 250. 45 9.0 300 65 13.5 350 95 190 215 23.5 (2) Approximate aiming adjustments when a ‘erosswind Is blowing. Chart TH—Continued, Range (eters) | 10m tors | 0m Ate cope 5 1 poral 15 200 a 30 acces - 50 200 : 80 350 : 120 a6 a 150 c. First Sensing and Adjustment of Fire Ex- ercise. Ammunition and range limitations often restrict or prevent live firing exercises. When 31TC 23-10 this situation exists, the first sensing and aim- ing exercise may be used. This exercise is set up on a 25-meter nonfiring range as described below. (1) The grenade launcher 25-meter sens- ing and nonfire adjustment training range is set up as shown in figure 25. Ranges in hundreds of meters are in- dicated by stakes numbered from 100 to 400 on the left edge of the lane. Bursts are represented by the assist- ant instructor using a pointer with a ball of cotton attached to it. The tar- gets are small stakes, ammunition boxes, toy weapons, or other similar items. A red and white striped stake marks the left and right limits of fire for each lane. One lane is provided for every three grenadiers. A trained as- sistant instructor is provided for each lane. The grenadiers may be broken down into firing orders to reduce ter- rain and personnel requirements, pro- vided concurrent training stations have been set up to give additional in- struetion in the other steps of marks- manship training. Dummy rounds may be used during this exercise to give additional practice in rapid loading and immediate action for a simulated failure of fire. Assistant instructors may call a failure to fire at any time. (2) Exercises, when properly conducted on the 25-meter training range, pro- vide training for the grenadier in as- suming positions, loading, sight set- ting, aiming, immediate action in ease of a failure to fire, sensing, and ad- justment of fire. (3) The sequence of the exercise is the same as outlined for instruction firing (chap 9), except no live firing is con- ducted. This sequence is demonstrated by trained assistant instructors before the grenadiers participate in the prac- tical work. (4) After the grenadier simulates firing, the assistant instructor places the burst pointer at the approximate point 82 > b&b > B ® FIRING LINE ee f= meters —+| Figure 25. Grenade launchor 25-meter sensing and nonfire adjustment training range (schematic). NoT To SCALE indicated by the grenadier’s determi- nation of the range and sight setting. (5) The grenadier senses the burst and announces his correction. Following the simulated firing of the second round or subsequent rounds, the as- sistant instructor moves the burst pointer to correspond to the an- nounced adjustment, AGO 68404 ©@ | | (6) If the grenadier announces an adjust- ment that would move the burst the wrong way, the assistant instructor places the burst pointer at the an- nounced location and waits for further correction by the grenadier. (7) When a target hit has been indicated, the assistant instruetor will have the grenadier shift to a new target. In- struction is varied by changing the type of target, calling a failure to fire, or requiring the grenadier to compen- sate for medium or strong winds (b above). d. Second Sensing and Adjustment of Fire Exercise. During inclement weather or when other facilities are not available, training in sensing and adjustment of fire can be conducted on a sandtable or similar training device. No more tha.t 10 grenadiers should use a sandtable at one time. Other grenadiers should be receiv- ing concurrent training in preparatory marks- manship, mechanical training, or maintenance. One member of the group to be trained will be appointed as the grenadier. The “acting” gren- adier will be instructed to designate the target, determine the range to the target, set the sights on his launcher, sense the burst of the grenade, and announce adjustments which will bring the next grenade on target. As the acting grenadier announces sight changes, all members of the group will make these changes on the sights of their launchers. This system provides each stu- dent with additional training in sight manipula- tion, Each member of the group will act as grenadier until all have received practical work. e. Further Training in Sensing and Adjust- ment of Fire, The grenadier receives further :training and practical work on sensing and ad- justment of fire during the conduct of the in- struction course of fire (table I, para 56) and the qualification course of fire (table II, para 57) on the grenade launcher range (chap 9). 51. Zeroing Procedure. The correct zero of the grenade launcher is that sight setting in elevation and windage which will enable the grenadier to hit his point of aim at a given range. In order to obtain this zero, the grena- dier engages a target located at a known dis- AGO 66004, TC 23-10 tance (200 meters) from the weapon position. ‘The grenadier should record his zero and use this as his initial setting when rezeroing the launcher. This is done by recording the number and direction of elevation and deflection clicks required to zero the launcher after setting the sight initially as indicated in « through e below. ‘The grenade launcher is zeroed in the following sequence: a, Place the sight mounting in the up position and adjust the sight’s position to either of the holes in the sight slide for maximum eye and position comfort. Once the sight is used in this, position to zero the launcher, it should be main- tained in the same position throughout all fir- ing. b, Rotate the sight on the sight drum until the index line at the top of the drum and the 200-meter range mark coincide. ¢. Center the front sight post by alining the index line with the center mark on the front windage scale. d. Center the rear windage seale by alining the index on the rear peepsight with the center mark on the rear windage scale. e. Center the elevation scale on the rear peep- sight by alining the top of the elevation indica- tor at the rear of the sight with the longest line on the rear peepsight’s elevation scale. /. Fire the first round at the known distance zero target and make an accurate sensing of the burst of the round. g. Adjust for range on the elevation screw on the rear peepsight. One click of elevation will move the strike of the round approximately 2.5 meters at a range of 200 meters. h, Adjust for windage on the rear peepsight. Each click of windage will move the strike of the round 1 meter at a range of 200 meters. i. If there are insufficient clicks of windage on the rear peepsight to move the strike of the round on target, make additional windage ad- justments on the front sight post. One click on the front sight post will move the strike of the round 2 meters at a range of 200 meters. 3. Once a target hit is achieved and von- firmed, make a mental note of the number of 33TC 23-10 clicks of windage and elevation necessary to obtain a target hit and use the same initial set- ting to engage targets at all ranges. k, Chart IV shows the distance the strike of the round is moved at various ranges when a one-click change is made in sight settings. Chart IV. Approximate elevation and deflection changes when a one-click sight change is made ee levation chancel Deletion changer (Gisttts) [Rear peensiest [Front sieht pot Rear eansishe 100. 0.5 Meters 200... 1.0 Meters 300... 1.5 Meters 52. Range Determination. a. ‘The ability of the grenadier to successfully engage targets with first round hits, as well as to adjust and shift fire, depends to a great degree upon his ability to determine ranges. There are two methods of determining range by eye: the 100-meter unit- of-measure method and the appearance-of- objects method. If the grenadier can see all of the terrain between himself and the target, he should use the 100-meter unit-of-measure method; if he cannot see all of the terrain, he must use the appearance-of-objects method. To become fully proficient, grenadiers must prac- tice both of these methods on varied terrain 34 and under varying conditions of light and weather. b. When using the appearance-of-objects method as a basis for range determination, the grenadier must remember to make allowances for the following effects: (1) Objects seem nearer when— (a) They are in bright light. (b) Their color contrasts sharply with the background. (c) Looking over water, snow, desert, or a uniform surface like a wheat field. (a) Looking from a height downward. (c) In the clear atmosphere of high alti- tudes. (f) Looking over a depression, most of whieh is hidden. (g) Looking down a straight road or railroad track. (2) Objects seem more distant when— (a) Looking over a depression, most of whieh is visible. (b) In poor light or fog. 9 (c) Only a small part of the object ean be seen. (d) Looking from low ground toward higher ground. ¢. For a detailed coverage of range deter- mination training see FM 23-71 and FM 23-12. © @ TC 23-10 CHAPTER 8 RANGE CONSTRUCTION 58. General. The grenade launcher range is designated to be used for instruction, qualifica- tion, proficiency, and abbreviated instruction course firing (fig 26). The proper use of this type range will insure uniformity in training and grenadier marksmanship qualification throughout the Army. 54, Description of Area. The range consists of one or more lanes. Each lane is complete within itself. A minimum width of 30 meters and a depth of 500 meters must be allowed for each lane. Targets within the lane are grouped in order that the grenadier may fire at close range, mid-range, and long-range targets in that order. a, Each lane is divided into four stations: (1) Station 1 consists of a prone firing position with a log or sandbag support and a zeroing target located at 200 meters range. The target may be con- structed of logs or other suitable ma- terial. The target must provide a surface at least 6 feet high and 6 feet wide. The zeroing target should be clearly marked by painting a large Z with a color that will contrast with the surrounding background. (2) Station 2 consists of an upright log or log wall firing point approximately 4 feet high, and two point targets. ‘The targets consist of a simulated window or door of a building and a small bunker or covered firing pos! tion. The range to the two targets is as shown in table I, chapter 9. The targets may be constructed of logs, sandbags, or other suitable material. (3) Station 3 consists of a foxhole firing point and two targets. The targets consist of a two-man bunker and an ® @ automatic weapon position. The range Mao ee AGO 68404 to the two targets is as shown in table I, chapter 9. The bunker represents a point target and the automatic weapon position represents a target which can be effectively engaged using area-fire. The automatic weapon position must be marked by a circle having a 10- meter diameter. The circumference of the circle may be marked by sandbags, lime, white tape, or any other material which can be seen from the firing posi- tion, (4) Station 4 consists of a prone firing point with a log or sandbag support and two area targets. The log or sand- bags on the firing point are used for support and cover. The area targets are designed to simulate personnel in the open. The range to the two targets is shown in table I, chapter 9. Both targets in this station are area targets with a 10-meter diameter. The cir- cumference of each target must be marked with material that can be ob- served from the firing point. b. Facilities to fire table III, chapter 9 (pro- ficiency firing), consists of three assault firing zones marked by stakes, three phase lines marked by engineer tape or lime, and a rec- tangular area target 15 meters by 10 meters. E-type silhouette targets are placed across the length of the rectangle to represent troops dug (fig 27). ¢. Careful consideration must be given to the selection of the impact area in that it must be maintained free of vegetation other than very short grass. This is necessary to simplify the location and destruction of duds. Ideally, ter- rain should slope downward for the first 100 to 200 meters and then slope gently upward out to a range of approximately 500 meters. 35TC 23-10 36 he 500 METERS A TROOPS IN OPEN a! AUTOMATIC WEAPONS EMREACEMENT) POSITION 4 1 1 ! \ Bae \ Coss. ciih \ || 1 I i BUNKER 1 ! \ 4 [cath a et ‘ \ 1 (me BUNKER 1 Texel \ ! folk \ ! rt \ ! rt \ ! it \ t ii , ot i! 30M A DIAMETER OF CIRCLE-10M——| @,0 ity TROOPS £) (STANDING! Ona) |} — I 1 1 SANDBAGS LOGWALL FOXHOLE, SANDBAGS STATION 1 STATION 2 STATION 3 STATION 4 ZERO CLOSE MID- LONG RANGE RANGE RANGE Figure 26. Live firing range. AGO BH40A @ ®@ PHASE LINE 3) -----al FIRING ZONE 3| | 3—[. al PHASE LINE 2 FIRING ZONE 2 $ al: 2 |. $ 13m PHASE LINE 1] + aM FIRING ZONE 1} 10M 20M { FIRING LINE i a STARTING POINT Figure 27. Proficiency lane (schematic). AGO 640A, TC 23-10 d. To insure maximum training value, target locations should be changed as frequently as possible within the specified limits in each lane and should be varied between lanes. Minimum distance between targets is 25 meters. e. Through prolonged and constant use, numerous duds will occur in the impact area. Therefore, targets should be constructed of a long-lasting, durable material that will with- stand constant use and require a minimum of maintenance. It is recommended that targets be constructed of 55-gallon salvaged drums filled with sand, or from other sturdy salvage material. f. The criteria for evaluating target hits is explained in chapter 9. 37TC 23-10 CHAPTER 9 RANGE FIRING AND COURSES OF FIRE Section I. QUALIFICATION FIRING COURSE 55. General. Range firing should be sched- uled only after the soldier has demonstrated his ability to properly apply all the steps of marksmanship training. Two courses of fire have been developed for the grenade launcher: the qualification firing course and the instruc- tion course modified. The qualification course consists of three tables of fire: instruction, qualification, and proficiency. The instruction course modified consists of an abbreviated in- struction firing table. 56. Instruction Firing Table. a, Instruction firing must be conducted prior to qualification firing to provide the grenadier with additional training in sighting, aiming, sight manipula- tion, positions, rapid loading, sensing, and ad- justment of fire, as well as practice firing at stationary point and area targets. b. Instruction firing is conducted as outlined in table I below. Table I. Instruction firing (total rounds: 12) Tale Fa Tena mon] eae | Fee : 3 | eminstes Prone supported raztng panel | 200 x : Kneling soppored —--| 2 point enreets: 3 | aminuts Window 20-00% Banker sis / ‘oxhole ——. ‘1 point target: 3 2 minutes Bias Bunker ss 185-150 M area tage ‘Aetometie weapon sition = _| 200-250 , Prone supported area tare 3 | aminuts Troops open rapcement =| 275-900 6 Seoupe in open 2a 285-850 38 a) (2) St Station 1 is designed to permit accur- ate zeroing of the grenade launcher. ‘The grenadier should be allowed to obtain his own zero. Instructions for zeroing the launcher are found in paragraph 51, tation 2 is designed to instruct and test the grenadier in the kneeling sup- ported position, range determination, sight setting, firing, sensing, and ad- justment of fire at close-in targets. ‘The grenadier may engage either of (3) the two targets in the station, but once he fires at one target he is not allowed to engage the other target until he has hit the first target. After completion of firing, the launcher will be cleared. The weapon is cleared when the breech end of the barrel is open and the cartridge removed. The launcher is always carried with the breech open on the range. Station 8 is designed to instruct and test the grenadier in firing from the AGO 68408 (4) (5) (6) foxhole position at point and area targets. The sequence of fire, engage- ment of targets, and clearing of the launcher are outlined in (2) above. Station 4 is designed to instruct and test the soldier in firing from the prone supported position at area tar- gets. The sequence of fire, engage- ment of targets, and clearing of the launcher are outlined in (2) above. ‘The activity in each lane will be under the direct control of a safety non- commissioned officer assigned to the lane. Stations within the lane will be supervised by two assistant. instruc- tors who will also be responsible for scoring. The assistant instructors will also observe the impact of all gren- ades, keep a record of the number and location of all duds within the lane, and report these when required. An ammunition point will be established on each lane and supervised by the safety noncommissioned officer. Am- munition will be drawn and issued by the assistant instructors for each sta- tion. Grenadiers are broken down into orders. Rotation is in a clockwise direction. Order One will complete firing on station 1 and move to sta- tions 2, 3, and 4 in that order. Order Two follows Order One through the stations. When the first order has reached station 4, all stations should be occupied. Fire Commands. (a) On command from the officer in charge of firing, the grenadier moves to his station and assumes the firing position designated by the range officer. (0) The officer in charge of firing will AGO 68404 then announce: THE FIRING LINE IS NO LONGER CLEAR. GRENADIERS DESIGNATE THE TARGET; DETERMINE THE RANGE TO THE TARGET; PLACE THE PROPER SETTING ON THE SIGHT. ASSISTANT INSTRUCTORS DRAW THREE (e) (@) (e) wy (9) TC 23-10 ROUNDS OF PRACTICE (HIGH EXPLOSIVE) AMMUNITION AND ISSUE THEM TO THE GRENADIER. At the command DESIGNATE THE TARGET, the grenadier will identify the target he intends to engage by announcing; WINDOW, BUNKER, AUTOMATIC WEAP- ON, TROOP EMPLACEMENT, or TROOPS IN THE OPEN, as ap- propriate for his station, At the command DETERMINE THE RANGE, the grenadier will an- nounce the range to the target. At the command ASSISTANT. IN- STRUCTORS DRAW THREE ROUNDS OF PRACTICE (HIGH EXPLOSIVE) AMMUNITION AND ISSUE THEM TO THE GRENADIERS, the assistant in- structors will pick up the ammuni- tion at the ammunition point and issue it to the grenadiers. When the gernadier has made his sight setting and the ammunition has been issued, the assistant in- struetor on each lane will signal that his lane is ready. When all lanes are ready the officer in charge of firing will command: YOU HAVE TWO MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS EXERCISE. ALONG THE FIRING LINE— ONE ROUND OF PRACTICE (HE) AMMUNITION — LOAD. READY ON THE RIGHT? READY ON THE LEFT? READY ON THE FIRING LINE. COM- MENCE FIRING. After each grenade is fired the as- sistant instructor will call out HIT or MISS, whichever is appropriate. ‘The grenadier is not permitted to engage the second target until the first target has been hit, After two minutes have elapsed the officer in charge of firing com- mands: CEASE FIRING—CLEAR ALL WEAPONS. ASSISTANT IN- 39‘TC 23-10 STRUCTORS TURN IN ALL UN- EXPENDED ROUNDS AND RE- PORT ALL DUDS. GRENADIERS ROTATE. (h) After completing firing on station 4 the grenadier will have his weap- on cleared and moved off the firing line. (7) Instruction firing will be scored. Scoring procedures are outlined in paragraphs 57d through g. 57. Qualification Firing Table. a. Whenever possible, instruction firing and qualification firing should be conducted on the same day. When this is not possible, station 1, the zero- ing station, must be fired as an unscored part of the qualification table in order to allow each grenadier to obtain or confirm his zero of the launcher he will fire for qualification. b. Qualification firing should be conducted to test the grenadier’s ability to properly apply all the techniques of marksmanship that apply with the grenade launcher. ¢. Qualification firing is conducted as out- lined in table II below. Table I. Qualification firing (total rounds: 9) Station Position Targets) Range | Rounds | Time limit 2 Kneeling supported — 2 point targets: 3 | 2 minutes 80-90 M 105-115 Mt 8 Foxhole — 3 | 2 minutes 185-150 M 200-250 Mt 4 | Prone supported _ 3 | 2 minutes ‘emplacement 275-300 M ‘Troops in open 325-350 M d. The qualification scores for the qualifica- tion firing table are as follows: Expert Grenadier First Class Grenadier — Second Class Grenadier Unqualified —. ‘The grenadier must successfully complete stations 2, 3, and 4 (reverse side of DA Form 2946) with a minimum qualifying score of 20 before he is allowed to fire table IIT. ¢, A scorecard (DA Form 2946) for use on the instruction and qualification course is shown in figure 28. Each time the grenadier moves from one station to another he must carry his scorecard with him. All scoring en- tries on the card are made by the assistant instructor at the station being fired. After scoring each round, the scorer places his ini- tials after its recorded value. After the com- pletion of qualification firing, the grenadier 40 or 45 30 or 85 20 or 25 40 must sign the scorecard. All scorecards will be reviewed and validated by an officer. f. When scoring each round fired, the assist- ant instructor will evaluate each grenade fired as outlined below: (1) Window or Door, The grenade must go through the opening in the center of the target. If the grenade strikes the panel but does not go through the opening it is scored as a miss. (2) Bunker. Credit will be given for a hit if the grenade strikes anywhere on the face of the bunker. (8) Automatic Weapon. Credit will be given for a hit only if the grenade strikes on or within the circumference of the 10-meter-diameter circle sur- rounding the position. (4) Troops. Credit will be given for a hit only if the grenade strikes on or with- AGO 65408 SCORECARI D GuaLiFICe, TC 23-10 FOR 40MM GRENADE LAUNCHER, M79 As se rap aoe M1éEHElL D. HAYES % - 5 #LI3 6990 SAL 2 3 = CO. "A" Isr Bu 662 ye susrom | 70 13 Ale be Eames Tener , 5 s ied evr & CLICKS 3 - ip weieeee™ | eat spol | git ida Station 2 terreaes NecdsST Taneer | vauwe aaron i ; 2 Visi raneera] iu 1 5 = ‘ : Sr. VSo Bonus 2 # oh ge VES 2 : ee SUBTOTAL I: é = aa errerats |) Hyg 1 A = SB, rorarscore| af y A 2 5 c ay GunLIrIeATION aia 3 VSa seorora | 5 Expert - 40 of 45 Sera & “| First Class - 30 or 35 sae E Second Class - 20 or 25 x VSB Unqualified - 0 to 15 = = = vs6é onus s or ys8 |" suerora | 7 5 DA FORM 2946, 1 MAR 65 FRONT AGO 68408 (ee Revert Side) BACK Figure 28. Qualification scorecard (DA Form 2946). aLTC 23-10 in the circumference of the 10-meter- diameter circle surrounding the posi- tion. g. Each grenadier is issued three grenades for each of the qualification firing stations. Each hit, regardless of which target is fired on, is worth five points. The grenadier receives, a five-point bonus score if he achieves first- round hits on both targets at a station. Thus, each station is worth 15 points. For example, station 8 consists of two targets, a point target and an area target. The grenadier may select either target to engage first. If he scores a hit on the first target selected, he receives a score of five points. He is then permitted to engage the second target on the station. If he hits the second target, he receives another five points. If he scored a hit on both targets on the station with first round hits, he is given a five-point bonus. In no case will the grenadier be allowed to change from one target to the other within the station until the first target he selected has been hit. Scoring for stations 2 and 4 is the same as outlined for station 3. The decision of the scorer in scoring hits and misses is final and will not be challenged by the grenadier. 58, Proficiency Firing Table, a. The profi- ciency firing table is not fired until the grena- dier has qualified as second class grenadier or better. Proficiency firing is conducted to pro- vide grenadier training in using the pointing technique while moving. It provides training to enable the grenadier to engage targets at rela- tively close ranges without using the sights on the launcher. The proficiency firing table should be fired at least once annually to main- tain the grenadier’s proficiency. b. Proficiency firing is conducted as outlined in table III below. Table HII. Proficiency firing (total rounds: 3) Station Postion Teeset(a) Range | Rounds ‘Time limit Assault —. Standing (pointing ‘Troops in open emplacement 150-80 M | 8 None technique) ¢. The proficiency firing course (fig. 27) is designed to train the grenadier to fire the grenade launcher while moving in the assault, and to maintain his proficiency with the gre- nade launcher. The grenadier moves down range using the pointing technique and fires three grenades, one from each of the three firing zones. d, Five E-type silhouette targets are placed in a rectangular target area on each lane at a range of 175 meters from a starting line. Stakes to designate firing zones are placed down range. All firing zones are 10 meters in depth. The first zone extends from 20 to 30 meters forward of the starting line. The sec- ‘ond zone extends from 50 to 60 meters forward of the starting line. The third zone extends from 75 to 85 meters forward of the starting line. Phase lines for a temporary halt and reorganization are at ranges of 35, 65, and 90 meters from the starting line. Figure 27 il- 42 lustrates the setup of each lane for the conduct of assault firing. ¢. In addition to the officer in charge of fir- ing, it is essential for range organization that safety personnel be assigned to provide ade- quate supervision and control of the firing line. f. A recommended sequence for the conduct of the exercise is as follows: (1) The officer in charge of firing will brief all grenadiers on the conduct of the exercise, stressing safety proce- dures to be followed. This briefing may include a firing demonstration on one of the lanes. (2) Grenadiers will be broken down into orders. Each order will consist of one grenadier for each lane being used. (8) The safety noncommissioned officer will insure that the grenadier thor- oughly understands how the exercise is to be conducted. AGO 63404 (4) The safety noncommissioned officer will issue three grenades to each gre- nadier prior to the beginning of the exercise, (5) At the command MOVE TO THE STARTING POINT (Order One), the grenadier to fire the exercise will move to his point followed closely by the safety noncommissioned officer. The grenade launcher will not be loaded at this time. (6) At the command MOVE OUT, the grenadier will move down range to- ward the first firing zone. The launch- er will be loaded and cocked by the grenadier while he is moving between the starting point and the first firing zone. (7) The grenadier will fire on command while moving through the first firing zone, using the pointing technique. (8) If the grenadier fails to fire at the target while moving through a firing zone, the safety noncommissioned officer will have the grenadier unload the launcher at the phase line. Rounds not fired are considered a miss. If there is a failure to fire due to a malfunction in the weapon or ammu- (9) (10) ql) (zy as) (14) TC 23-10 nition, the grenadier will call MIS- FIRE and the procedures outlined in paragraph 17 will be followed. When the grenadier is ready to move out from the first phase line, the safety noncommissioned officer will so signal. At the command MOVE OUT, the grenadier moves out toward the next firing zone, reloading and cocking while moving. ‘The grenadier fires his second grenade while in the second firing zone. He continues through the zone and stops on phase line two until again ordered to move out. ‘The grenadier fires his third grenade in the third firing zone and stops at phase line three. ‘The officer in charge of firing will then command: CLEAR ALL WEAP- ONS. When the safety noncommissioned officers indicate that all launchers have been cleared, grenadiers will return to the starting point and another order will move to the firing line, Section II. INSTRUCTION COURSE MODIFIED 59. General. The instruction course modified is conducted on stations 1 and 3 of the live firing range (fig. 26). It is designed to provide minimum marksmanship training in order to meet pressing movement schedules and limited training time. 60. Abbreviated Instruction Firing Table. Abbreviated i lined in table IV below. struction firing is conducted as out- Table IV. Abbreviated Instruction firing (total rounds: 5). ‘Station Peition ‘Tarwet(e) arse | Rounds | Time time 1 Prone supported .. Zeroing panel: 200 3 | None 8 Foxhole ~. 1 point target: 2 | None Bunker 135-150 M 1 area target: ‘Automatic weapon position —. 200-250 Mt 43‘TC 23-10 a. At station 1 the grenadier is given three rounds in order to zero his launcher. If unable to zero with three rounds the grenadier should be given remedial training on zeroing proce- dures, Instructions for zeroing the launcher are found in paragraph 51. b. At station 3 the grenadier is required to engage the area target (the automatic weapon position). If he obtains a first round hit he 44 then engages the point target (the bunker). If he fails to obtain a first round hit, he must fire his second round at the same area target. ¢. The firing commands and procedure for firing are as outlined for instruction and quali- fication firing. ‘The instruction course modified is not scored. d. The grenadier is given the range to each target he engages. AGO 6st04 TC 23-10 APPENDIX I REFERENCES AR 885-63 FM 5-25 FM 21-5 FM 21-6 FM 21-40 FM 21-75 FM 23-8 FM 23-12 FM 23-0 FM 23-31 FM 23-71 TM 9-1300-206 TM 9-1005-249-14 ‘TM 9-1010-205-12 TM 9-1010-205-20P TM 9-1900 TM _9-6920-210-14 ATP 7-16 ATP 7-18 ATP 21-114 ASubjSed 7-2 ASubjSed 23-29 ASubjSed 23-37 ASubjScd 23-38 DA Pam 108-1 TA 23-100-series © ®@.... Regulations for Firing Ammunition for Training, Target Practice, and Combat. Explosives and Demolitions. Military Training Management, ‘Techniques of Military Instruction. Small Unit Procedures in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare. Combat Training of the Individual Soldier and Patrolling. USS. Rifle 7.62-mm, M14 and M14E2. Techniques of Fire of the Rifle Squad and Tactical Application. Grenades and Pyrotechnics. 40-mm Grenade Launcher, M79. Rifle Marksmanship. Care, Handling, Preservation, and Destruction of Ammunition. Rifle, 5.56-mm, M16 and Rifle, 5.56-mm, XM16E1. Operator and Organizational Maintenance Manual: 40-mm Grenade ‘Launcher, M79. Organizational Maintenance Repair Parts and Special Tool List for 40-mm Grenade Launcher, M79. Ammunition General. ‘Targets, Target Material, and Training Course Layouts. Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Infantry, Airborne Infantry, and Mechanized Infantry Battalions. Rifle Company, Infantry, Airborne and Mechanized Infantry Battalions; Light Weapons Infantryman; Heavy Weapons Infantryman. Male Military Personnel Without Prior Service, Rifle Squad Tactical Training. Hand Grenades. 40-mm Grenade Launcher, M79. 40-mm Grenade Launcher, XM148. Index of Army Motion Pictures, Filmstrips, Slides and Phono-recordings. Ammunition, rockets, and missiles for training, 45TC 28-10 APPENDIX II SAFETY 1. General. Safety precautions must be ob- served during all marksmanship training. This appendix lists the important precautions for each phase of training, but is not intended to replace AR 385-68 or local range regulations. ‘The surface danger area for range firing with the grenade launcher varies with the type of ammunition being used. Consequently, range safety requirements to be followed will vary. It is mandatory, therefore, that the latest range safety directives and local range regulations be consulted to determine current safety require- ments. 2, Safety Precautions. a. General. (1) A red range flag will be prominently displayed on the range during all firing. At night a blinking red light is used in addition to the range flag. (2) Weapons should never be carelessly handled or pointed at anyone. (8) Always assume that a weapon is loaded until it has been thoroughly in- spected and found to contain no am- munition, (4) Firing limits (firing fans) will be indicated by red and white striped poles visible to all firers. (5) Obstructions should never be placed in the muzzle or bore of the launcher. (6) Weapons will be kept in a prescribed area with proper safeguards. (7) No smoking is permitted on the range near any ammunition, explosives, or flammables, b. Before Firing. (1) All preseribed roadblocks and barriers will be closed and necessary guards posted. (2) All weapons will be checked to insure that there are no obstructions in the 46 bores and that the bayonet is not at- tached to the rifle. (8) All individuals will be briefed on the firing limits of the range, and they will be required to keep their fires within the prescribed limits. (4) All personnel on the range will be instructed on the danger radius from the point-of-burst of the grenade. (5) Careful consideration must be given to the selection of the impact area. The impact area should be level if possible and maintained free of any vegetation, at least nothing more than very short grass. This will facilitate the location and subsequent destruc- tion of all duds. (6) All personnel will be thoroughly briefed on all safety aspects. (1) No one will move forward of the firing line without permission of the officer in charge (OIC). (8) Weapons will be loaded and unlocked only on command of the OIC. ¢. During Firing. (1) All ammunition will be checked prior to firing to determine if it is the type that is intended to be fired. (2) Never allow a round to be placed in the launcher unless it is to be fired immediately. (3) In the event a round fails to fire, the procedures as outlined in paragraph 17 will be followed. (4) Overhead firing will not be condueted unless personnel in the danger area are protected. Minimum protection is a bunker or similar shelter constructed to withstand a direct hit without in- jury to personnel (FM 28-12). (5) Weapons will not be removed from AGO 6x40 @ the firing line until they have been cleared by safety personnel. (6) Firing should be discontinued when ground winds are high and gusty (in excess of 80 mph). (7) No vegetation or growth which might activate the fuze may exist within 80 meters forward of the launcher firing position. (8) Steel helmets will be worn by all per- sonnel within 32 meters of the gre- nade launcher firing position during live firing exercises. d. After Piring. (1) All weapons will be inspected by safety personnel to insure they are clear and a check will be conducted to determine if any brass or live am- is in the possession of troops. (2) All duds will be clearly marked. If the duds cannot be located, the area will be clearly marked and reported in accordance with current local re- quirements. The importance of not disturbing or stepping on duds must be continually emphasized to dud- clearance personnel. G0 68404 TC 23-10 3. Proficiency Firing. Safety personnel dur- ing proficiency firing will insure the following precautions: a. That the grenadier thoroughly under- stands the conduct of the exercise. >. That the grenadier has the required am- munition and understands that he is to load and cock the launcher only while moving between firing zones, ¢. That all commands from the officer in charge of firing are complied with. d. That the proper alinement is maintained with other grenadiers while moving down range. ¢. That the launcher is pointed down range at all times. f. That the grenadier fires only while in the prescribed firing zone. 9. That the launcher is cleared at each phase line and that this clearance is indicated to the officer in charge of firing. h. That a failure to fire is reported immedi- ately and the procedures, as outlined in para- graph 17, are complied with, aTTC 23-10 APPENDIX II ADVICE TO INSTRUCTORS 1. Purpose. This appendix is a guide for instructors. Its contents should not limit their initiative and originality, provided they observe the necessary safety precautions. 2. Presentation. a. Instruction should be presented using explanation, demonstrations, and practical application. The coach and pupil method should be used during all marksman- ship training except when firing for record. b, Each man’s training must be closely su- pervised to insure a high standard of efficiency and coordination. 3. Training Objectives. a. To provide the soldier, who is armed with the grenade launch- er, with information in sufficient detail to en- able him to effectively employ the launcher in combat. ». To provide the remainder of the unit with information in sufficient detail to enable them to effectively employ the grenade launcher in an emergency. 4., Assistant Instructors. Prior to instrue- tion, train selected personnel as demonstrators and assistant instructors. Assistant instruc- tors must be able to correct errors and answer questions pertaining to the training. To give the students-a clear picture of the work under discussion, insure that demonstrators are 48 trained and thoroughly rehearsed so that demonstrations are correct in every detail. 5. General Training Notes. a. The minimum time to qualify a grenadier with the launcher is 11 hours. Training in tactics and techniques is also covered during unit training. b. The most valuable training is practical work conducted with the grenade launcher. Other aids, such as charts, are limited only by the resourcefulness of the instructor. c. Insure that equipment and training aids are prepared ahead of time. Set up the training aids and demonstration before the students ar- rive, Provide for the advanced grouping and prompt starting of the class. 6. Conduet of Training. The applicable Army subject schedule (see app. I) should be used as a guide by the instructor and unit command- er in preparing lesson plans and scheduling periods of instruction with the grenade launch- er. The schedule of instruction and scope of training may be limited by the amount of time available, the duties of personnel to be trained, and the equipment and ammunition available. Informal instruction can be given in unit areas during nonscheduled periods in such subjects as firing positions, sighting and aiming, and range determination. ‘AGO 6404 TC 23-10 INDEX ee ail ie 50, 30, Funetioning—Continued Sight picture_. 38 24 a 7 Basic load. 34 2 7 = Cartridge case. 28 20 2 Ww a ee “on mires a? ye 2 nH Assembly of launcher 20 18 7. 8 Breathing______. 400 25 ‘Operational characteristics. 5 2 Saks ee nls Panne Controls, launcher: , ree sae 46 2 Pier 2 = 2 Data on weapon 2 e 2 a 13 Range firing: 13 Fire commands. 56 38 peter. a8 42 - 6, App. IT 4,46 40 Sensing. 5080 30 Sighting system: 34 Front sight_ i 6 g 16 8 : 49TC 23-10 By Order of the Secretary of the Army: @ HAROLD K. JOHNSON, General, United States Army, Official: Chief of Staff. J.C, LAMBERT, Major General, United States Army, The Adjutant General. Distribution: ‘To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-40 requirements for Section II, Operator and Crew Bfainte- nance Literature, Rifle 5.56mm, XM1GE1. “2US. Goverment Printing Ofee: 1986—200-510/68408