EXAMPLES/NOTES:

UNIFORM RECTILINEAR MOTION

1. Car A at a gasoline station stays there for 10 minutes after Car B passes at a constant speed of 40
miles per hour. How long will it take Car A to overtake Car B if it accelerates at 4 m/s²

Solution:

Ta = Tb

Sa = S10 + Sb

Consider B:
𝑠
𝑣=
𝑡
𝑠 𝑆𝑏
𝑇𝑏 = =
𝑣 17.88 𝑚/𝑠

𝑆𝑏 = 17.88𝑇𝑏

Consider A:

1 1 𝑚
𝑆𝑎 = 𝑉𝑜𝑇𝑎 + 𝑎𝑇² = 0 + (4 2 ) (𝑇𝑎2 ) = 2𝑇𝑎²
2 2 𝑠

For S10:

17.88𝑚
𝑆10 = 𝑣𝑡 = ( ) (600𝑠) = 10728 𝑚
𝑠

Substitute:

𝑆𝑎 = 𝑆10 + 𝑆𝑏

2𝑇² = 10728 + 17.88𝑇

Answer: T = 77.85 seconds

2. A stone is thrown up from the ground with a velocity of 300ft/s. How long must one wait before
dropping a second stone from the top of 600ft tower if the two stones are to pass each other 200ft from
the top of the tower?

Solution:

Consider 1

1
𝑠 = 𝑉𝑜𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡²
2
300𝑓𝑡 1 32.2𝑓𝑡
400𝑓𝑡 = ( ) (𝑡) − ( 2 ) (𝑡 2 )
𝑠 2 𝑠

𝑡 = 17.19𝑠, 1.45𝑠

Consider 2

1
𝑠 = 𝑉𝑜𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
1 32.2𝑓𝑡
200 = 0 + ( 2 ) (𝑡 2 )
2 𝑠

𝑡 = ±3.52𝑠

How long must one wait?

t = 17.19 seconds – 3.52 seconds

Answer: 13.67 seconds

VARIABLE ACCELERATION

𝑡3
1. The motion of a particle is given by 𝑠 = 2𝑡 4 − 6
+ 2𝑡 2 where 𝑠 is in 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 and 𝑡 in 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠. Compute
the values of 𝑣 and 𝑎 when 𝑡 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠.

𝑡3
𝑠 = 2𝑡 4 − + 2𝑡 2
6
 1
𝑣 = 8𝑡 3 − 𝑡 2 + 4𝑡
2

𝑎 = 24𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + 4

@ 𝑡 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
1 𝑓𝑡
𝑣 = 8(2)3 − (2)2 + 4(2) ; 𝑣 = 70
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝒇𝒕
𝒂 = 𝟐𝟒(𝟐)𝟐 − (𝟐) + 𝟒 ; 𝒂 = 𝟗𝟖 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐

2. A particle moves in a straight line according to the law 𝑠 = 𝑡 3 − 40𝑡 where 𝑠 is in 𝑚 and 𝑡 in 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠.

a. When 𝑡 = 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠, compute 𝑣.

b. Find the average velocity during the 3rd to 4th seconds.

c. When the particle comes to stop, what is its acceleration?

a. 𝑠 = 𝑡 3 − 40𝑡

𝑣 = 3𝑡 2 − 40

𝑎 = 6𝑡

@ 𝑡 = 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑚
𝑣 = 3(5)2 − 40 ; 𝑣 = 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 −96−(−93) −3 𝑚

b. 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
= 4−3
= 1
; 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = −3 𝑠𝑒𝑐

@ 3𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

𝑠 = (3)3 − 40(3) ; 𝑠 = −93 𝑚

@ 4𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝑠 = (4)3 − 40(4) ; 𝑠 = −96 𝑚

c. 𝑖𝑓 𝑣 = 0

0 = 3𝑡 2 − 40

𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔

𝒎
𝒂 = 𝟔𝒕 = 𝟔(𝟑. 𝟔𝟓) ; 𝒂 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟗
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐

𝑚
3. The rectilinear motion of a given particle is given by 𝑠 = 𝑣 2 − 9 where 𝑠 is in 𝑚 and 𝑣 is in 𝑠𝑒𝑐. When
𝑚
𝑡 = 0, 𝑠 = 0, and 𝑣 = 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐
. Determine 𝑠 − 𝑡, 𝑣 − 𝑡, and 𝑎 − 𝑡 relations.

𝑠 = 𝑣2 − 9

𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑣
= 2𝑣
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑣 = 2𝑣𝑎

1
𝑎=
2
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜
𝑎=
𝑡
1 𝑣−(3) 1
2
= 𝑡
; 𝑣 = 2𝑡 + 3

1 1 1 𝟏
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 = (3)𝑡 + 2 (2) 𝑡 2 ; 𝒔 = 𝟑𝒕 + 𝟒 𝒕𝟐
MOTION CURVES

1. A particle starting with an initial velocity of 60 ft /s has a rectilinear motion with the constant
deceleration of 10 ft/s 2 . Determine the velocity and displacement at t = 9 sec.

Solution:

𝑨 For 𝑨𝟏 and 𝑨𝟐 :

1
𝐴1 = (60)(𝑥)
2
0 𝑡
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = (−10) (9) 𝐴1 = 180
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = −90
−10 𝑡=9
= 9 1
𝐴2 = (30)(9 − 𝑥)
2

𝑽 𝐴2 = −45

60
60 30
𝐴1 =
9−𝑥 𝑥 9−𝑥
0 𝑡
𝑥 𝐴2 𝑥 = 6 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
− 30

1 2
𝑠 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
𝑺
1
180 = 60(9) + (−10)(9)2
2
180 − 45
𝒔 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝒇𝒕.
135

𝑉 = 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑉𝑜
𝑡
= (−10)(9) + 60

𝑽 = −𝟑𝟎 𝒇𝒕/𝒔
2. An auto travelled 1800 ft in 40sec. The auto accelerates uniformly and decelerates uniformly at

6 ft/𝑠 2 , starting from rest at A and coming to stop at B. Find the maximum speed in fps.

Solution:

6 6x – 6(40 – x) = 0
𝐴1 = 6𝑥 6x – 0 = 6(40 – x)
40 − 𝑥
0 𝑡 = 40 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
6x = 240 – 6x
𝑥
𝐴2 = 6 (40 − 𝑥 )
x = 20
−6

V
6 (20)
120

𝐴3 𝐴4

3. An Auto starts from rest and reaches a speed of 60 ft/s in 15 sec. The acceleration increases uniformly
from zero for the first 9 sec after which the acceleration reduces uniformly to zero in the next 6 sec.
Compute for the displacement in this 15 sec interval.
Solution:

V:
𝑨
𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐 = 𝚫𝑽
𝑎 = 8 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝟔𝟎𝒇𝒕
𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐 =
𝑡 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝐴1 𝐴2
0 𝑡 = 15
𝑡 = 9𝑠 = 9 For 𝑨𝟏 and 𝑨𝟐 :

1
𝐴1 = (6)(𝑎)
𝑓𝑡 2
60
𝑽 4.5𝑎 = 36 𝑠
𝐴1 = 4.5𝑎 = 4.5(8); 𝐴1 = 36

1
𝐴2 = (6)(𝑎)
2
𝐴4
𝐴3 𝐴2 = 3𝑎 = 3(8); 𝐴2 = 24
0 𝑡
𝑡 = 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐
4.5𝑎 + 3𝑎 = 60

8𝑓𝑡
𝑎=
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2

𝑺 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑨𝟒 ∶

1
480 𝐴 3 = (24)(6)
3
216
𝐴3 = 108

2
𝐴4 = (24)(6) + (56)(6)
3
𝑡 𝐴4 = 312
𝑡 = 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑆15 = 108 + 312; 𝑺 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎
PROJECTILE MOTION

1. A golf ball is fired from the top of a cliff 50 m high with a velocity of 10 m/s directed at 45⁰ to the
horizontal. Find the range of the projectile.

t1 = 3.99 s (checked)
𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
Vo cosө = 𝑡 = t2 = -2.55 s
𝑡

For range:

𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
10cos45⁰ = 𝑡
𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
10cos45⁰ = 𝑡

𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
For t: 10cos45⁰ = 3.99

1
y = Vo sinөt - 2 gt2

1 Range = 28.21 m
-50 = 10sin45⁰t - 2 ( 9.81) t2
2. In figure 9-6.10, a ball thrown down the incline strikes it at a distance s = 254.5 ft. If the ball rises to a
maximum height h = 64.4 ft above the point of release. Compute its initial velocity and inclination ө.

Horizontal motion: −(𝑉𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛ө)2

64.4 =
𝑥
−2(32.2)
Vo cosө = 𝑡
(Vo sinө)2 = (2)(32.2)(64.4)
3 𝑥
=
√10 254.5 Vo sinө = √64.42

𝑥 = 241.44 𝑓𝑡. Vo sinө = 64.4

Vertical Motion: 64.4

Vo =
sinө
1
y = Vo sinөt - 2 gt2
For ө:
1 𝑦 1
= -80.48 = Vo sinөt - gt2
√10 254.5 2

241.44 1 241.442
𝑦 = 80.48 𝑓𝑡. -80.48 = Vo sinө(Vo cosө) - 2 (32.2)( Vo2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ө)

For maximum height: (16.1)241.442

-80.48 = 241.44 tanө - 64.4 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ө
H = 64.4 ft. sinө

(16.1)241.442
𝑉 2 − (Vo sinө)2 -80.48 = 241.44 tanө -
64.4 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ө
𝑦=
−2(32.2)
tanө = 1.33 ; ө = 53.06⁰

tanө = −0.27 ; ө = -15.11⁰

therefore,

64.4 64.4
Vo = =
sinө sin53.06⁰

Vo = 80.57 ft/

3. Find the take-off velocity that is just enough to clear the gap.

Using

Using horizontal motion formula:

𝑥
Vo cosө = 𝑡

17.32
Vo cos30⁰ = 𝑡
 17.32
t = Vo cos30⁰

Using vertical motion formula:

1
y = Vo sinөt - 2 gt2

1
-22.2= Vo sin30⁰t - 2 (32.2)t2

17.32 1 17.32
-22.2= Vo sin30⁰( ) - (32.2)( )2
Vo cos30⁰ 2 Vo cos30⁰

Vo = 14.14 ft/s

4. How high is the hill?

Using horizontal motion formula:

 𝑥
Vo cosө =
𝑡

500
100cos60⁰ = 𝑡

500
t=
100cos60⁰

t = 10 sec

Using vertical motion formula:

1
y = Vo sinөt - gt2
2

1
y= 100sin60⁰(10)- 2 (32.2)(10)2

y = -743.97 ft.
KINETICS

1. Determine P that will give the body an acceleration of 6 ft/sec2 µ = 0.20.

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑃𝑥 − 𝐹

322 ∗ 6
= 𝑃𝑥 − 𝐹
3.22

322∗6 4
(1) = ∗ 𝑃 − 0.2 ∗ 𝑁
3.22 5

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝑊 = 𝑁 + 𝑃𝑦

3
(2) 322 = 𝑁 + 5
∗𝑃

Substituing 2 in 1 we get:

P = 722.17 lbs.
2. Determine the acceleration of the system and tension in the chord. µ = 0.30

Consider 200 N Block

FBD:

Σ𝐹𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑊 − 𝑇
200
∗ 𝑎 = 200 − 𝑇
𝑔

Consider 100 N Block

FBD:

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑇 − 𝐹
100
𝑔
∗ 𝑎 = 𝑇 − 0.3 ∗ 100

a = 5.56 m/sec2

T = 86.67 N
3. Find the acceleration of the system and tension in the block.

Consider 300 N Block

FBD:

Σ𝐹𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑇 − 𝑊
300
∗ 𝑎 = 𝑇 − 300
𝑔

Consider 100 and 200 N Block

FBD:

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑊𝑥1 + 𝑊𝑥2 − 𝐹1 − 𝐹2 − 𝑇

300 3 3 4 4
𝑔
∗ 𝑎= 5
∗ 100 + 5
∗ 200 − 0.2 ∗ 5 ∗ 100 − 0.3 ∗ 5 ∗ 200 − 𝑇

T = 208 N

a = -3 m/sec2
4.

1. What is the tension in the card?

2. Acceleration of the blocks

3. Velocity of B after 2 seconds?

196.2 N
A

981 N

Consider B Consider A

T T T

196.2 N
a a

981 N

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎1 = 𝑇 − 𝑊 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎2 = 981 − 2𝑇

196.2 981
𝑎1 = 𝑇 − 196.2 𝑎2 = 981 − 2𝑇
9 9
For 𝑎1 : For 𝑎2 :

𝑠 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑡 + 1⁄2 𝑎1 𝑡 2 𝑠 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑡 + 1⁄2 𝑎2 𝑡 2

5 = 1⁄2 𝑎1 𝑡 2 1 2.5 = 1⁄2 𝑎2 𝑡 2 2

Solve 1 and 2 simultaneously:

𝑎1
2= 𝑎2

𝒂𝟏 = 𝟐𝒂𝟐

Therefore:

T = 327N 𝒂𝟏 = 6.54 𝒎⁄ 𝟐 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎⁄ 𝟐
𝒔 𝒔

150 N
aA

aC aB

50 N 100 N
 Determine the tension and acceleration of each blocks.

Consider block A:

T1

aA 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝐴

150 N 𝑅 = 𝑇1 − 𝑊
150
9
𝑎𝐴 = 𝑇1 − 150 1

Consider block B:

T2

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝐵

𝑅 = 𝑊 − 𝑇2
100
aB 9
𝑎𝐵 = 100 − 𝑇1 2

100 N

Consider block C:

T2

aC 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝐶

𝑅 = 𝑇2 − 𝑊
50
50N 𝑎
9 𝐶
= 𝑇2 − 50 3
For T1 and T2:

T1 2𝑇2 − 𝑇1 = 𝑚𝑎

2𝑇2 = 𝑇1

A:
150
9
𝑎𝐴 = 2𝑇2 − 150

SA B:
150N
100
(𝑎𝐴 + 𝑎𝐵 ) = 100 − 𝑇2
9

Original

C:
50
(𝑎𝐴 + 𝑎𝐵 ′ ) = 12 − 50
50N 100N 9

SA

SB

SB’
For SA: For SB’: For SB:

𝑆𝐴 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑡 + 1⁄2 𝑎𝐴 𝑡 2 𝑆𝐵 ′ = 1⁄2 𝑎𝐵 ′ 𝑡 2 𝑆𝐵 = 1⁄2 𝑎𝐵 𝑡 2

𝑆𝐴 = 1⁄2 𝑎𝐴 𝑡 2

But 𝑆𝐵 = 𝑆𝐵 ’+ 𝑆𝐴

𝑆𝐵 = 1⁄2 𝑎𝐵 ′𝑡 2 + 1⁄2 𝑎𝐴 𝑡 2

1⁄ 𝑎 𝑡 2 = 1⁄ 𝑡 2 ( 𝑎 + 𝑎 ′ )
2 𝐵 2 𝐴 𝐵

𝑎𝐵 = ( 𝑎𝐴 + 𝑎𝐵 ′ )

Equation 2 will now be:

100
(𝑎 + 𝑎𝐵 ′) = 100 − 𝑇2
9.81 𝐴

1
150
𝑎
9.81 𝐴
= 2𝑇2 − 150 T2 = 120

aA = 5.836 𝑚⁄ 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐

aB’ = -7.848 𝑚⁄ 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐

3
50
(𝑎 − 𝑎𝐵 ′) = 𝑇2 − 50
9.81 𝐴

50
(𝑎𝐵 ′ − 𝑎𝐴 ) = 𝑇2 − 50 T = 70 N
9.81

aA = -0.58 𝒎⁄ 𝟐
𝒔𝒆𝒄

aB’ = 3.46 𝒎⁄ 𝟐
𝒔𝒆𝒄
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

9-3.6 How fast must an automobile of the previous problem move in the last 8 minutes to obtain an
average speed of 35 mph?

From the previous problem:

𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡

𝑠1 = (30 𝑚𝑝ℎ)(12 min) = 6 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑠2 = (40 𝑚𝑝ℎ)(20 min) = 13.33 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑠3 = (30 𝑚𝑝ℎ)(8 min) = 6.67 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑠𝑇 = 26 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 ; 𝑡 = 40 𝑚𝑖𝑛

26 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑣 = 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 39 𝑚𝑝ℎ = 𝑣𝑜
40 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ×
1 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑣− 𝑣𝑜 35 𝑚𝑝ℎ−39 𝑚𝑝ℎ −9 𝑚𝑝ℎ

𝑎 = 𝑡
= 40 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 40 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= −𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒑𝒉𝟐

9-3.8 On a certain stretch of track, trains run at 60 mph. How far back of a stopped train should a
warning torpedo be placed to signal an oncoming train? Assume that the brakes are applied at once and
retard the train at the uniform rate of 4 fps2.

𝑣𝑜 = 60 𝑚𝑝ℎ = 88 𝑓𝑝𝑠

𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2𝑎𝑠

0 = 882 + 2(4)𝑠

𝒔 = 𝟒𝟔𝟖 𝒇𝒕.

9-3.10 A ship being launched slides down the ways with a constant acceleration. She takes 4 seconds to
slide the first foot. How long will she take to slide down the ways if their length is 900 feet?
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2
𝑎𝑡 2 ; 𝑣𝑜 = 0

1
𝑠 = 2
𝑎𝑡 2

1
1 = 2
𝑎(42 ) ; 𝑎 = 0.125 𝑓𝑝𝑠 2

1
900 = (0.125)𝑡 2
2
 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐬𝐞𝐜 = 𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

9-3.12 A stone is dropped down a well and 5 seconds later the sound of the splash is heard. If the
velocity of sound is 1120 fps, what is the depth of the well?
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2
𝑎𝑡 2

For the stone, For the sound,

1
𝑠 = (0)𝑡 + 2
(9.81)𝑡 2 𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡2

𝑠 = 4.905𝑡 2 𝑠 = (341.376)𝑡2
𝑠 𝑠
𝑡1 2 = 4.905
𝑡2 = 341.376

𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝑠 𝑠
(√4.905) + (√341.376) = 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟔𝟓 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔

9-3.14. A train moving with constant acceleration travels 24 ft during the 10th sec of its motion and 18 ft
during the 12th sec of its motion. Find its initial velocity.

Solution:

S1oth = 24 ft @ t = 9 sec to 10 sec

S12th = 18 ft @ t = 11 sec to 12 sec

@ S1oth:
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2

1 1
24 = 𝑣𝑜 (9) + 2
(9)𝑡 2 ; 24 = 9𝑣𝑜 + 2
𝑎(81)

1 1
24 = 𝑣𝑜 (10) + 2
𝑎(10)2 ; 24 = 10𝑣𝑜 + 2
𝑎(100)

1
S9-10 = 𝑣𝑜 + 2
𝑎(19)

24 = 𝑣𝑜 + 9.5 𝑎 (eq. 1)

@ S12th:
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2
𝑎𝑡 2
 1 1
18 = 𝑣𝑜 (11) + 2
(11)𝑡 2 ; 18 = 11𝑣𝑜 + 2
𝑎(121)

1 1
18 = 𝑣𝑜 (12) + 2
𝑎(12)2 ; 18 = 12𝑣𝑜 + 2
𝑎(144)

1
S11-12 = 𝑣𝑜 + 2
𝑎(23)

18 = 𝑣𝑜 + 11.5 𝑎 (eq. 2)

Using the eq. 1 & 2:

𝒗𝒐 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟓 𝒇𝒑𝒔 ; 𝑎 = −3𝑓𝑝𝑠 2

9-3.16. An auto A is moving at 20 fps and accelerating at 5 fps2 to overtake an auto B which is 382 ft
ahead. It auto B is moving at 60 fps and decelerating at 3 fps2, how soon will A pass B?

Solution:

@ Auto A: @ Auto B:
1 1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2
𝑎𝑡 2 𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2
𝑎𝑡 2

1 1
𝑠 = (20)𝑡 + 2
(5)𝑡 2 (eq. 2) 𝑠 − 384 = (60)𝑡 + 2
(−3)𝑡 2 (eq. 2)

Subtract eq. 2 from eq. 1:

384 = −40𝑡 + 4𝑡 2

𝒕 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒔𝒆𝒄

9-3.18. The rectilinear motion of a particle is governed by the equation s = r sin 𝜔t where r and 𝜔 are
constants. Show that the acceleration is a = -𝜔2s.

Solution:

𝑠 = 𝑟 sin 𝜔𝑡

𝑢=𝑟 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 0

𝑣 = sin 𝜔𝑡 ; 𝑑𝑣 = cos 𝜔𝑡

𝑣𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑣

𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟 cos 𝜔𝑡
 𝑢 = 𝜔𝑟 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 0

𝑣 = cos 𝜔𝑡 ; 𝑑𝑣 = −sin 𝜔𝑡

𝑣𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑣

𝑎 = −𝜔2 𝑟 sin 𝜔𝑡

Since 𝑠 = 𝑟 sin 𝜔𝑡

Therefore: 𝒂 = −𝝎𝟐 𝒔

9-3.20 A ladder of length L moves with its ends in contact with a vertical wall and a horizontal floor. If a
ladder starts from a vertical position and its lower end A moves along the floor with a constant velocity
vA, show that the velocity of the upper end B is vB = – vA tan Ɵ where Ɵ is the angle between the ladder
and the wall. What does the minus sign mean? Is it physically possible for the upper end B to remain in
contact with the wall throughout the entire motion? Explain.

Solution:

𝑔 = √𝐿2 − 𝑋 2
𝑑𝑦 1 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑉𝑏 = 𝑑𝑡
= 2 × 𝑌 (−2𝑋) 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑥
But 𝑋 = 𝑉𝑎 𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑉𝑎

𝑋
Therefore: 𝑉𝑏 = − 𝑌 𝑉𝑎 = −𝑉𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛

When Ө = 90°, 𝑉𝑏 = ∞, which is impossible.

9-3.22 The velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis is defined by v=kx³ -4x² + 6x, where v is in fps, x
is in feet, and k is a constant. If x = 1, compute the value of the acceleration when x = 2 feet.

Solution:

At x = 2 feet

v = (1)(2)³ - 4(2)² + 6(2) = 4fps

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑎= = 3𝑥² − 8𝑥 +6
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
𝑣= 𝑑𝑡

𝑎 = 3𝑥 2 𝑣 − 8𝑥𝑣 + 6𝑣

Substituting v = 4 fps.

𝑎 = (3)(2)2 (4) − 8(2)(4) + 6(4)

Answer: 𝑎 = 8𝑓𝑝𝑠²
ASSIGNMENT NO. 2

Determine the acceleration of the 2 blocks after touching each other. Determine the time at which the
300𝑁 block will touch the 100𝑁 block.

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎100 = 𝑊 sin 𝜃 − 𝑓100 = 𝑊 sin 𝜃 − 𝜇𝑁1

𝑊
𝑎 = 𝑊 sin 𝜃 − 𝜇𝑁1 ; 𝑁1 = 100 cos 30°
𝑔 100

100 𝑚
𝑎
9.81 100
= 100 sin 30° − 0.2(100 cos 30°) ; 𝑎100 = 3.206 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2

1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎100 𝑡 2
2
1
𝑠 = (3.206)𝑡 2 → (1)
2

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎300 = 𝑊 sin 𝜃 − 𝑓300 = 𝑊 sin 𝜃 − 𝜇𝑁2

𝑊
𝑎
𝑔 300
= 𝑊 sin 𝜃 − 𝜇𝑁2 ; 𝑁2 = 300 cos 30°

300 𝑚
𝑎 = 300 sin 30° − 0.1(300 cos 30°) ; 𝑎300 = 4.055
9.81 300 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2

1
𝑠 + 1 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎300 𝑡 2
2
1
𝑠 = 2 (4.055)𝑡 2 − 1 → (2)

Equating (1) and (2)

3.206 2 4.055 2
𝑡 = 𝑡 −1
2 2

0.4245𝑡 2 = 1

𝑡 2 = 2.356 ; 𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔

Acceleration after touch:

𝒎
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑎100 + 𝑎300 = 3.206 + 4.055 ; 𝒂𝒕 = 𝟕. 𝟐𝟔𝟏
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐
ASSIGNMENT NO. 4

1044. An elevator weighing 3220 lb starts from rest and acquired an upward velocity of 600 ft per min in
a distance of 20 ft. If the acceleration is constant. What is the tension in the elevator cable?

Given:
T
W = 3220 lb Sol’n:

v = 600 ft/min = 10 ft/sec 𝑣 2 = 2𝑎𝑠

v
s = 20 ft (10)2 = 2𝑎(20)

𝑓𝑡
Req’d: T 𝑎 = 2.5 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 W

𝑊
𝑎 = 𝑇−𝑊
𝑔

3220
(2.5) = 𝑇 − 3220
32.2

𝑻 = 𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟎 𝒍𝒃

1045. A man weighing 161 lb is in an elevator moving upward with an acceleration of 8 ft per sec2.

(a) What pressure does he exert on the floor of the elevator? (b) What will the pressure be if the
elevator is descending with the same acceleration?

Given: Sol’n:
𝑊
Wman = 161 lb (a) 𝑔
𝑎 =𝑇−𝑊

161
a = 8 ft/sec2 32.2
(8) = 𝑇 − 161

Req’d: 𝑇 = 201 𝑙𝑏
𝑊
(a) Pressure he exert (b) − 𝑔 𝑎 = 𝑇 − 𝑊

161
(b) Pressure if the elevator − 32.2 (8) = 𝑇 − 161

Descends with the same 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝒍𝒃

acceleration
1046. The block in Fig. P-1046 reaches a velocity of 40 ft per sec in 100 ft, starting from rest. Compute
the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the ground.

P= 60 lb
161 lb

Given: Sol’n:

v = 40 ft/sec 𝑣 2 = 2𝑎𝑠

s = 100 ft 402 = 2𝑎(100)

𝑓𝑡
Req’d: Coefficient of kinetic 𝑎=8
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2

𝑊
Friction, µ 𝑔
𝑎 = 𝑃 − 𝜇𝑁

161
(8) = 60 − 𝜇(161)
32.2

𝝁 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟒

1047. Determine the force P that will give the body in Fig. P-1047 an acceleration of 6 ft per sec2. The
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20.

3
322 lb 4

Given: Sol’n:
𝑊
a = 6 ft/sec2 𝑔
𝑎 = 𝑃𝑥 − 𝜇𝑁

322 4
µ = 0.2 (6) = 5 𝑃 − (0.2)𝑁
32.2

4
Req’d: force,P 0.2𝑁 = 5 𝑃 + 60

𝑃𝑦 + 𝑁 − 𝑊 = 0

3
𝑁 = 322 − 5 𝑃
 322 4 3
(6) = 𝑃 − (0.2) (322 − 𝑃)
32.2 5 5

𝑷 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓. 𝟐𝟐

1053. Referring to Fig. P-1052, assume A weighs 200lb and B weighs 100lb. Determine the acceleration
of the bodies if the coefficient of kinetics friction is 0.10 between the cable and the fixed drum.

B A

Fig. P-1052

Given:

𝑊𝐴 = 200𝑙𝑏 𝜇 = 0.10

𝑊𝐵 = 100𝑙𝑏

Solution:
200
200 − 𝑇𝐴 = 32.2
𝑎 1

100
𝑇𝐵 − 100 = 32.2
𝑎 2

𝑇𝐴
𝑇𝐵
= 𝑒 𝜇𝜃

𝑇𝐴
= 𝑒 0.1(𝜋)
𝑇𝐵

𝑇𝐴 = 1.37 𝑇𝐵 3
Substitute 3 to 1:
200
200 − 1.37𝑇𝐵 = 32.2
𝑎 4

From 2:
100
𝑇𝐵 − 100 = 32.2
𝑎

Substitute 2 to 4:

200 − 1.37 (100 + 3.11𝑎) = 6.21𝑎

200 − 1.37 − 4.261𝑎 = 6.21𝑎

𝒇𝒕⁄
𝒂 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐

1055. If the pulleys in Fig. P-1055 are weightless and frictionless, find the acceleration of the body A.

200 lb
A

300 lb

B.Fig. P-1055

For A:
 200 − 𝑇 = 𝑚𝑎
200
aA 200 − 𝑇 = 32.2
𝑎𝐴

200
200 lb 𝑇 = 200 − 32.2 𝑎𝐴 1

For B:
300
T T 2𝑇 − 300 = 𝑎𝐵
32.2

300 𝑎
aB 300 + 32.2
( 2𝐴 ) = 2𝑇 2

300 lb

Equate 1 and 2:
300 𝑎𝐴
200 300+ ( )
32.2 2
200 − 𝑎𝐴 =
32.2 2

𝒇𝒕⁄
𝒂𝑨 = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟓
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐

1057. The coefficient of kinetic friction under block A in Fig. P-1057 is 0.30 and under block B it is 0.20.
Find the acceleration of the system and the tension in each cord.

A 200lb

100lb 300lb

30o

At C,
 300
300 – T2 = 32.2a -----1

At B,
200
T2 – T1 – 200sin30o – 200cos30o (0.2) = 32.2a

T2 – T1 – 134.64 = 6.21a -----2

At A,
100
T1 – 100sin30o – 100cos30o (0.3) = 32.2a

T1 – 75.98 = 3.11a -----3

T1 = 75.98 + 3.11a

Substitute T1 to 2,

T2 – (75.98 + 3.11a) – 134.64 = 6.21a

T2 – 210.62 = 9.32a

T2 = 210.62 + 9.32a -----4

Substitute 4 to 1
300
300 – 210.62 + 9.32a = 32.2a

89.38 = 18.64a

a= 4.8 ft/sec2  ans.

T1 = 75.98 + 3.11 (4.8) = 90.91 lb  ans.

T2 = 210.62 + 9.32 (4.8) = 255.36 lb  ans.

1059. Compute the acceleration of body B and the tension in the cord supporting body A in Fig. P-1059.
 300lb
200lb
fh = 0.20 A

3
4
In block A,
200
200 – T = 32.2aA

In block B,
3 4 300
2T - 5 (300) - 5 (300) (0.20) = 32.2aB

300
2T – 228 = aB
32.2

In getting the acceleration for B,

Since aA = 2 aB

200
2 [ 200 – T = aA ]
32.2

300
+ -228 + 2T = 32.2(0.5) aA

400 – 228 = 550aA

172 = 500 (2aB)

aB / 32.2 = 172/1100
aB = 5.03 ft/sec2  ans.

1061. Compute the time required for the 100-lb body in Fig. P-1061 to move 10 ft starting from rest.

100 lb

fh=0.20
80lb

3
4

For 100-lb block,

3 100
T1 - (100) = a1
5 32.2

For 800-lb block,

4 3 800
5
(80) - 5 (80) (0.20) – T2 = 32.2a2

2T2 – T1 = ma

2T2 – T1 = 0

2T2 = T1

Since a2 = 2 a1

a2 = 2.82 ft/sec2
Solving for t1 (100lb),
1
S = a1t2
2

1
10 = (2.82) t2
2

t = 2.663 sec.  ans.

1063. Determine the acceleration of each weight in Fig. P-1063, assuming the pulleys to be weightless
and frictionless.

A C
150 lb 300 lb
B B
480 lb

For A,
150
T – 150 = 32.2aA

For B,
480
2T - 480 = 32.2aB

For C,
300
300 – T = 32.2aC
 1 1
Since aB= aC - aA
2 2

For Tension,
150
32.2
aA = T -150

1 1
(480) (2aC - 2aA) = 2T - 480

300
32.2
aC = 300 – T

T = 218.7 lb

Solving for acceleration,

150
218.7 – 150 = 32.2 aA ; aA = 14.7476 ft/sec2  ans.

300
300 – 218.7 = 32.2 aC ; aC = 8.7262 ft/sec2  ans.

2(218.7) – 480 = 480/32.2aB

aB = -2.85775 ft/sec2 or aB = 2.85775 ft/sec2 (downward) ans.

1065. Determine the maximum and minimum weights of the body C on Illustration Problem 1043 that
will keep C stationary. All other data remain unchanged.

Solution:
 1000

2B
F = 160
800
N = 800

2T

1
B aB = WA
2

800

W
8W

6W
F = 16W
N =gW

𝑤
ΣFx = a
𝑔
For A;
1000
600 – 160 – T = 𝑎𝐴
𝑔

For B;
800 1
2T – 800 = ( 𝑎𝐴)
𝑔 2

Solving for T;

T = 407 lb

For up plane impending motion of C:

ΣFx = 0

T = 407 = 6W + 16W

W = 535 lb

For down plane impending motion of C;

ΣFx = 0

T = 407 = 6W - 16W

W = 924 lb

1067. In the system of connected blocks in Fig 1067, the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20 under
bodies B and C. determine the acceleration of each body and the tension in the cord.

Solution:
 1000lb
C

B 800lb fh = 0.20 3
400lb
fh = 0.20 A 4

3
4

Direction of motion: Assuming at rest

T= 400

On B, Net force = 2T = 800 – 480 > F

= 128 (B rises)

On B, Net force = 600 – (T=400) > F

= 160 ( C falls)

With C at rest, Sa’ = 2Sb

With B at rest Sa “ = Sc

Net motion = Sa’ - Sa” = Sa = 2Sb - Sc

Differentiating :

aA = 2aB – aC
1
aB = 2 (𝑎𝐴 + 𝑎𝐶)

𝑤
ΣFx = a
𝑔

For ;
400
400 – T = 𝑔
aA

For B;
1000
2T – 480 – 128 = 𝑔
aC
Solving;

T = 348.2lb

aA = 4.18 fps2

aB = 3.57 fps2

aC = 2.96 fps2

1069. Two blocks A and B each weighing 96.6 lb and connected by a rigid bar of negligible weight move
along the smooth surfaces shown in Fig 1069. They start from rest at the given position. Determine the
acceleration of B at this instant. Hint: To relate aA to aB, use the method developed in Illus Prob on 258.

Solution:
𝑑𝑠
V= ,
𝑑𝑡

𝐿𝑥𝑉𝑎 + 𝑌𝑉𝑏 = 0
𝑑𝑣
a=
𝑑𝑡

Va + xaA + Vb + Yab = 0

At start,

Va = Vb = 0
−𝑦
aA = 𝑥
𝑎𝑏
or if Ab is down + down
𝑦 8
aA = 𝑥 𝑎𝑏 = 6 𝑎𝑏

𝑤
ΣFx = a
𝑔

For A;
96.6 8
6P = 32.2 6
𝑎𝑏= 4ab

For B;
96.6
96.6 – 8P = ab = 3ab
32.2

Solving;

aB = 11.6 fps2

aA = 15.47 fps2

1071. The pulleys in the preceding problem have been assumed to be frictionless and weightless. What
changes would there be in the solutions of these problems if the pulleys (a) had friction (b) had
appreciable weight?

Solution:

(a) with friction, the tensions on the opposite sides of the pulley would be unequal.

(b) With appropriate weight, the supporting tension would not equal twice the outside tensions.

SEATWORK
A ball is dropped from the tower of 80 ft. high at the same instant that a second ball is thrown upward
from the ground with an initial velocity of 40 ft/sec. When and where do they pass, and with what
velocities?

SOLUTION:

1 𝒔′ = 𝟖𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔
ℎ = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟒 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒐𝒑
1
ℎ = 40𝑡 − (32.2)𝑡 2 (1)
2
𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑜2 = 𝑎𝑡

𝑣𝑓2 = 40 − 32.2(2)
1
80 − ℎ = (32.2)𝑡 2
2 𝑓𝑡
𝑣𝑓2 = −24.4
ℎ = 80 − 16.1𝑡 2 (2) 𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝑣𝑓1 = 32.2(2)
Equate (2) and (1):

1 𝑓𝑡
80 − 16.1𝑡 2 = 40𝑡 − (32.2)𝑡 2 𝑣𝑓1 = 64.4
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄.
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑓1 + 𝑣𝑓2

Substitute t to (1) and (2): 𝑣 = 64.4 − 24.4

𝒇𝒕
𝒉 = 𝟖𝟎 − 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏(𝟐)𝟐 𝒗 = 𝟒𝟎
= 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒔𝒆𝒄

An automobile starting from rest speeds up to 40 ft/sec with a constant acceleration of 4 ft/sec2 run at
this speed for a time and finally comes to rest with a deceleration of 5 ft/sec2. If the total distance
travelled is 1000 ft, find the total time required.
SOLUTION:

𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜 = 𝑎𝑡1 1
𝑠3 = (40)(8) − (5)(8)2
2
40 = 4𝑡1
𝑠3 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒇𝒕.
𝑡1 = 10 𝑠𝑒𝑐.

1
𝑠1 = (4)(10)2 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒇𝒕.
2

𝑠1 + 𝑠2 + 𝑠3 = 1000

200 + 𝑠2 + 160 = 1000

𝑠2 𝑠2 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎 𝒇𝒕.
𝑣=
𝑡2
640 = 40𝑡2
𝑠2 = 40𝑡2
𝑡2 = 16 𝑠𝑒𝑐.

𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜 = −𝑎𝑡3
𝑇𝑡 = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 + 𝑡3 = 10 + 16 + 8
−40 = −5𝑡3
𝑻𝒕 = 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄.
𝑡3 = 8 𝑠𝑒𝑐.

The velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis is defined by v=kx3-4x2+6x where v is in m/s and x =
meter and k = 1. Compute the acceleration when x = 2m.
SOLUTION:

When k =1 ;

𝑣 = (1)𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥

𝑣 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥

𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣

𝑑𝑣
𝑎=𝑣
𝑑𝑠

𝑎 = (𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥)(2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 6)

When x = 2 m

𝑎 = [(2)3 − (4)2 + 6(2)] [2(2)2 − 8(2) + 6]

𝑎 = [2][4]

𝒂 = 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

a=6√𝑣 ; when t = 2 sec; v = 36 m/sec; s = 30 m. Determine s at t = 3 sec.

SOLUTION:
 𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
6√𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
= 6𝑑𝑡
√𝑣
1
𝑣 −2 𝑑𝑣 = 6𝑑𝑡
1
∫ 𝑣 −2 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 6𝑑𝑡

1
𝑣2
= 6𝑡 + 𝑐
1
2
1
2𝑣 2 = 6𝑡 + 𝑐

When v = 36 m/sec; t = 2 sec

1
2(36)2 = 6(2) + 𝑐

𝑐=0

Therefore,
1
2𝑣 2 = 6𝑡

Or

𝑣 = 18𝑡 2

𝑑𝑠
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠
= 18𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑠 = 18𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 18𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

18𝑡 3
𝑠= +𝑐
3

𝑠 = 6𝑡 3 + 𝑐

When s = 30 m; t = 2 sec

30 = 6(2)3 + 𝑐

𝑐 = −18

Therefore,

𝑠 = 6𝑡 3 − 18

When t = 3 sec

𝑠 = 6(3)3 − 18

𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔