Mechanics Questions MS

1. (a) when a force acts on a body an equal and opposite force acts
on another body / in the interaction between two bodies A
and B, the force that A exerts on B is equal and opposite to
the force that B exerts on A; 1
(b) forces on Earth and book are equal and opposite / no external
force acts on the system;
changes in momentum of Earth and book are equal and opposite /
net force on Earth-book system is zero;
hence momentum of Earth-book system stays the same/is always
zero and so is conserved; 3
(c) (i) v = 2  9.8 1.6 ;
= 5.6 m s–1 1
(ii) calculation of speed of ball and spike 3.5 × 5.6 = 4.3V;
 3.5  5.6 
V=    4.6 m s–1;
 4.3 
1 1
KE before = [3.5 × 5.62] KE after = [4.3 × 4.562];
2 2
energy dissipated = 54.88 – 44.70 ;
= 10 J 4
Accept 9.4 J if 4.6 used for V.
KE
(d) F= ;
s
∆KE = 0.50 × 4.3 × 4.62 = 45 (J);
 45 
F=  2
  6.2 × 102 N; 3
 7.3 10 
or
v2
a= ;
2s
a = 1.45 × 102 m s–2;
F = ma = 4.3 × 1.45 × 102 = 6.2 × 102 N;
work
(e) time = ;
power
work = (3.5 × 1.6 × 9.8 =) 55(J);
 55 
time =    3.1s; 3
 18 
2. Mechanical power
(a) the rate of working / work  time; 1
If equation is given, then symbols must be defined.

W F d
(b) P  ;
t t
d
v therefore, P  Fv ; 2
t

1
 d
(c) (i) t ;
v
4800
=  300 s ; 2
16
(ii) W = mgh = 1.2  104  300 = 3.6  106 J; 1
(iii) work done against friction = 4.8  103  5.0  102;
total work done = 2.4  106 + 3.6  106;
total work done = P  t = 6.0  106;
6.0 10 6
to give P   20 kW ; 4
300
0.30
(d) (i) sin =  0.047 ;
6.4
weight down the plane = W sin = 1.2  104  0.047 = 5.6  102 N;
net force on car F = 5.6  102  5.0  102 = 60 N;
F
a ;
m
60
 5.0 10  2 m s  2 ; 5
1.2 10 3

(ii) v2 = 2as = 2  5.0  102  6.4  103;

to give v = 25 m s1; 2
(e) 5.6  102 N; 1
[18]

3. (a) T = mg (= 770 × 9.8) = 7500N; 1

Accept use of g = 10 to yield 7.7kN.

(b) (i) (conservation of energy) leading to v = 2 gh ;

= 5.6 m s–1 or 5.7 m s–1; 2
Accept use of g = 10. Do not allow solutions from v2 = u2 + 2as.

mv 2
(ii) use of ;
r
= 2000(N);
T = (2000 + 7500 =) 9500N; 3

(c) (i) impulse / change in momentum; 1

(ii) use of F∆t = ∆p or ∆p = 5.60 × 770 = 4312(Ns);

1
Fmax × 0.15 = 4312;
2
Fmax = 57kN; 3