synthesis of

CU(OH)2
copper hydroxide

1.PRATCH CHAIYAWAT
(KUNSUE)
2. BOONYANUT SIMMARA
(PLAI) 
3. PHASIN
NGAMTHANAPAISARN
(TEAM)
4. THANAWIT THAITRONG
(JOM)
5. SUMITA SWATESUTHISAN
(MIMI)
Summary/abstract
In this experiment we have to deal with 2 solutions which are CuSo4 and NaOH in
different condensation. CuSO4 will put in to both NaOH solution to find the different
reaction of both 2 solution by filtration. Then, the result will show the different in
weight, their appearance, and their properties. We can calculate the percent yield of
the product by the components that are given in the data from the result of the
experiment.

Introduction
Overview of an important compound that is used in the experiment, Copper Sulfate
(CuSO4 ) is the combination of sulfur with copper. It’s an inorganic compound that can
be found in the environment, foods, and water. It can be dangerous to both humans
and animals if contact, consume, or breathe it with a large amount of it. However,
humans still need copper to support proper health.  (Copper Sulfate. (n.d.)) Copper
Hydroxide (Cu(OH)2 ) is a water-insoluble crystalline,  that is commonly present in
nature. It uses compatible with higher pH environments. (American Elements. (2017,
June 13)) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), or caustic soda is a white deliquescent strong
financially accessible as sticks, pellets, chips, or pieces (Sodium Hydroxide. (2019,
December 7)). It used to create many products such as cleaning, medicine, paper,
aluminum, etc. (Sodium Hydroxide: Uses, Benefits, and Chemical Safety Facts. (2019,
June 17)) Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4 ) is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in
water. Johann Rudolf Glauber discovered sodium sulfate in 1625. He discovered it
from Austrian spring water. (Admin. (2019, December 3)) All of the solution will be
used in the experiment.
 This is the experiment of the synthesis of copper hydroxide. The two solutions that
will be used are copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide. Separated into solution A, B,
and C. Solution A is 2.5 g of copper sulfate in 50 ml of water. Solution B and C is
sodium hydroxide in 25 ml of water, the difference is the amount of sodium hydroxide.
Solution B holds 0.2 g of NaOH while solution C holds 0.6 g of NaOH. To synthesize
Cu(OH)2 , we will be comparing the mix of solution A and solution B with solution A
that mixes with C.  After getting solution A+B and solution A+C, then we filter these
solutions by gravity filtration. Gravity filtration is the basic filtration to separate
solid from the liquid. It uses a glass funnel with a stem and filter paper. This technique
is especially to isolate the filtrate or the liquid. To begin with, gravity filtration, start
with selecting the size of filter paper that when folded, will be a few millimeters below
the rim of stemmed funnel. Then place it in the neck of an Erlenmeyer flask. Lastly is
pour the solution through the filter paper, the solid will be stuck on filter paper while
liquid goes through into the Erlenmeyer flask. Then, we will put it into the oven
overnight to see the different in the next day. The different can be shown on physical
appearance that will illustrate differences in the chemical reaction too.

Objective
The objective of this experiment is to prove the Chemical reaction
CuSO4 x 5H2O + 2NaOH  --->  Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 x 5H2O that provided in an
experiment. We will deal with 2 concentration of NaOH and see the different in
physical and chemical reaction. Filtration and heat are involved in this experiment
too. Percent yield will be calculated after the result is shown.
Material and Method
MATERIALS
CuSO4 solution (Solution A 2.5 g of CuSO4 in 50 ml of water)
NaOH solution (Solution B 0.2 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)
NaOH solution (Solution C 0.6 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)
100 mL beaker
50 mL graduated cylinder
Stirring rod
Filter paper
Weighing paper
SpatulaWatch glass
Funnel
Ring stand and clamp

METHOD
Experimental (Day1)
Synthesis of Cu(OH)2
Mix 25 mL of CuSO4 solution (Solution A) with 25 mL of NaOH solution
(Solution B)
Stir for 2-3 minutes
Weight the filter paper, and then record it on data table
Separate the solid product by paper filtration technique
Rinse the solid product (the rest of product left on the breaker) with 10 mL
do distill water
Clean the filtered solid residue (during filtration) with 10 mL of distilled
water for 2 times in order to remove Na2SO4 salt
Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 mL of ethanol to remove water
Carefully remove filter paper with filtered solid residue to watch glass
Dry it overnight in the oven
Repeat steps 1-9 by using 25 mL of NaOH solution by using Solution C
instead of Solution B
Results
Reaction Reaction Weight of Weight of Weight of Solid
solution observation filter paper filter paper Solid product
(chemical/ + Solid product observation
physical) product (chemical/
physical)

A+B light blue 1.54 g 1.98 g 0.44 g dry light

blue solid

A +burn
A+C dark blue 1.52 g 1.92 g 0.4 g out to
dark solid
B

Discussion
In the reaction A + B we see that when the two chemicals are mixed together, the filtrate
color is light blue. This is because of solution B which acts as the limiting agent. As we
can see from the chemical formula, when solution B runs out before solution A so we are
only left with solution A. The solution A that is left has nothing to react to so it gets
filtered into the filter and remains in its light blue color. While in the second solution we
see that the reaction A + C, when the chemicals are mixed it produces a dark blue color
product and a clear filtrate. We can see from the reaction that A + C, solution A is the
limiting agent because solution A will produce less Cu(OH)2 and will run out before
solution C in the chemical reaction. When all of solution A is used to combine with
solution C to create a dark blue product, we are left with solution A. Therefore, the
filtered solution is A which has a clear color.
The limiting agent in the reaction A + B is B. This is because the amount of Cu(OH)2that
can be produced for solution B is 0.24375 g and when compared to solution A which
could produce 0.4875 g. We can see that because solution B can produce less we can
conclude that it is the limiting agent because it will run out faster than solution A. While
for the reaction A + C, A is the limiting agent. This is because the amount ofCu(OH)2that
can be produced for solution A is 0.4875 g while the amount produced for solution C is
0.7312 g. We can see that because solution A can produce less we can conclude that it is
the limiting agent because it will run out faster than solution C.

The percentage yield of A + B has percentage more than 100%, which is 180.50%. This is
because the actual product has mass more than the theoretical product. This may cause
from filter not carefully so there are some solution in the beaker.The percentage yield of
A + C has percentage less than 100%, which is 82.05%. Their is because the solution in
the beaker is clear that has no other solution in it, so the actual product has mass less
than the theoretical product.

Calculations
Conclusion
References
Copper Sulfate. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/cuso4gen.html.

American Elements. (2017, June 13). Copper Hydroxide. Retrieved

from https://www.americanelements.com/copper-hydroxide-20427-
59-2.

Experiments of Copper (II) Sulphate. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/chemistry/experiments-of-copper-
ii-sulphate.php.

NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide: Sigma-Aldrich. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/programs/research-essentials-
products.html?TablePage=102880906.

Sodium Hydroxide. (2019, December 10). Retrieved from

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-
technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/sodium-
hydroxide#:~:targetText=Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, also known as lye
or caustic soda,drain cleaners and oven cleaners.

Sodium Hydroxide: Uses, Benefits, and Chemical Safety Facts. (2019,

June 17). Retrieved from
https://www.chemicalsafetyfacts.org/sodium-hydroxide/.