PO ELC New ead Pronunciat Cournse ~* OM PS Free-standing — = Ideal for = c self-study ice al‘New Headway Intermediate Pronunciation Course is a practical and imaginative addition to the New Headway English Course. ts aim is to help students to express themselves both clearly and confidently, by training them in the key areas of pronunciation, in particular the production of individual sounds, word and sentence stress and intonation The course, with its accompanying cassette, is suitable for self-study as well as for classroom use. Although it recycles the language and topics of New Headway Intermediate Student's Book, itis also suitable for intermediate students following any course who wish to improve their pronunciation, Sarah Cunningham and Bill Bowler are experienced teachers and teacher trainers and have worked with both monolingual and multilingual classes in a wide variety of countries. Key features © sounds, with a guide to suitable exercises for speakers of particular languages. © focus on lexical sets © stress and intonation patterns for accurate, functional use © features of connected speech ISBN 0. T 496245-0 Seer MMU UNIVERSITY PRESS 780194"362450'> www.oup.comIntermediate New eéadwa Pronunciation Course Sarah Cunningham Bill Bowler OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSContents Introdus Unit Tt Sounds 1 The sounds /s/, /2/, or /z/? 2 Consonant clusters with 's’ Word focus 3 Word stress and the sound /a/ using dictionary entries Connected speech 4 Weak and strong auxiliaries Intonation 5 Intonation in Wh- questions in a general knowledge quiz Unit 2 Sounds 1 The sounds /i:/ and /a/ 2 The sounds /v/ and /w/ Intonation 3 Intonation in single words Connected speech 4 be with the Present Continuous Word focus 5 Metric numbers ina sports quiz Unit 3 Sounds -ed forms with /U, /d/, or /td/ 2 The sounds /@/ and /8/ in dates Connected speech 3 Weak forms and contractions in past tenses Intonation 4 Showing interest through short questions Word focus 5 Transcribing phonetic script: the arts, 10 u 2 2 13 “4 IS 16 16 7 1 Unit 4 ‘Sounds The sounds /j/ and /d3/ 2 The sounds /k/, /g/, and /w/ Ne Intonation and sentence stress Making polite requests with Could and Would Responding to requests Connected speech Modals of obligation Unit 5 Sounds ‘The sound /V/ at the end of words with will for offers and decisions The sounds /o/ and /au/ Connected speech Word linking in fast speech Sentence stress Emphatic stress Word focus Stress and the sound /a/ in word families Unit 6 Sounds The sounds /t’ and /n/ ‘The sounds /o and /u:/ Intonation and sentence stress. Showing degrees of enthusiasm Connected speech Disappearing sounds and word linking Word focus International food words 18 19 20 21 2 22 23 4 25 25 26 27 28 28 29Unit 7 Sounds 1 The sounds /ze/ and /a/ with the Past Simple and past participles 30 2 The sound /h/ 31 Connected speech 3 The weak forms of for 31 Stress and intonation 4 Question tags with falling intonation 32 Word focus 5 Stress in multi-word verbs with separable multi-word verbs and ‘multi-word verbs with two prepositions 3B Unt 8 cecil ed Sounds 1 The sounds /o:/ and /au/ M 2 The sounds /b/ and /v/ 35 Intonation and sentence stress 3 Intonation with really and absolutely 36 Connected speech 4 Contractions of will and would in first and second conditional sentences 36 Word focus 5 Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing a7 Unit 9, iciciekaiiiie ieee Sounds 1 The sound /s:/ 38 using dictionary entries Connected speech 2 Weak forms with present and past modals 39. with can’t be! can't have been, could be! could have been, must bel must have been, might bel ‘ight have been Sentence stress 3 Sentence stress with So do I, etc. 40 Word focus 4 Adjectives ending in -al, -ful, -able/-ible, and -ous 4 “Unit 10 Sounds The sounds /e/ and /ev 2 The sounds /t/ and No Intonation and sentence stress Correcting politely with the Present Perfect Continuous Connected speech Strong and weak forms of as, at, for, from, of, and to Word focus Stress in compound nouns Unit 11 Sounds The sounds /f/ and /tf/ The sound /av! Stress and connected speech Understanding fast speech Stress and intonation Rising and falling intonation in question tags Word focus ‘Transcribing words about city life Unit 12 Sounds ‘Vowel and diphthong sounds Consonant sounds Intonation and sentence stress Showing disbelief with reported speech Connected speech Contractions, linking, and weak forms Word focus Words with silent letters Key 42 43 44 45 48 48. 50 50 St 53 54introduction Welcome to the How does this book work? New Headway Intermediate ‘You can use this book (and tape) on their own. The exercises in it will hel Pronunciation Course! you to organize your study of pronunciation. The questions and answers on these Itis also part of the New Headway English Course and the topics and pages are to help you to understand language of each unit in this book link with those in the New Headway this book, so that you can get the best Intermediate Student's Book. ‘out of it when you use it. What types of exercise are there? Who is this book for? ‘There are four different types of exercise in this book: The New Headway Intermediate Pronunciation Course is for intermediate level students who wish to improve their English pronunciation 1 Sounds These exercises help you to practise all the sounds that we use in English, but some sounds exercises are particularly suitable for speakers of certain languages. The table below is to help you choose the most relevant exercises. Sf ff SS LS / LEI Vig, LL oh Lo Sounds exercises So MEEMS SES SESS SEE EES SES ES SES Unit 1 The sounds /s/, /2/, or /x2/? v | r ] Consonant clusters with ‘s’ v v viv Unit 2 The sounds /i:/ and /1/ viv viviviviviviviy The sounds /v/ and /w/ [Livi ile) ivl viv) jel ie Unit 3 -ed forms with /t/, /d/, or /1d/ v \ | Thesounds/0/and/8/ |W L Unit 4 The sounds /j/ and /d3/ Vvivv v viv The sounds /k/, /g/, and /w/ v | v Unit 5 The sound /I/ at the end of words |W The sounds /o/ and /au/ v | | _ Unit 6 The sounds /n/ and /n/ vi Vv | v Vv v The sounds /u/ and /u:/ i ivlv vivivivivivivlel|ey| , Unit 7 The sounds /w/ and /a/ viv v Vviviviv viv The sound /h/ _ IL v Vv viv v v Unit 8 The sounds /9:/ and /au/ v The sounds /b/ and /v/ vi Unit9 The sound/a:/ { vivi lelel viele) Unit 10 The sounds /e/ and /e1/ v | | The sounds /r/and// v| Unit 11. The sounds /f/ and /t{/ vi Iv viv vi v Thesound/av/ lv 7 Revises all the sounds and v | the phonetic symbols that | we use in English.The connection between English spelling and pronunciation is often ‘problem for students of all nationalities. For this reason it is important to know the English sound symbols (phonetic symbols). These symbols help you to learn the pronunciation of new words easily. You can find a key to the phonetic symbols on the inside of the front cover of this book 2 Connected speech These exercises help you to pronounce words in phrases and sentences correctly. 3 Intonation and sentence stress These exercises help you to hear and practise different kinds of intonation and sentence stress patterns, 4 Word focus In these exercises you study groups of words where there are problems with sounds and word stress. What about the tape? This book comes with one tape. Some exercises have different sections of tape (@, b,c, etc.). The symbol in the exercise shows exactly which part of the tape you listen to. an-— section of tape exercise number l unit number What about the key? ‘The answers to exercises, and tapescripts which are not in full in the exercises themselves, are in the key at the back of the book. Asin the New Headway Student’s Book, sometimes we ask you questions to help you work out rules for yourself. The answers to these questions are in the key, too The key symbol after an exercise means look at the key. The page number with the key symbol shows you exactly where to look: Qe~ p.54 What about technical words? Here is a list of technical words we use in this book. Use a bilingual dictionary to translate them. ‘You can look back at this list while you use the book. consonant contraction flat formal informal intonation linking _ phonetic polite pronunciation rude sentence sound spelling stress syllable symbol vowel weakThe sounds /s/, /z/, or /1z/? Consonant clusters with s Word stress and the sound /a/ Weak and strong auxiliaries Intonation in Wh- questions 1 The sounds /s/, /z/, or /1z/? 1 Three of the nouns below are always uncountable, \All the others can sometimes be plural. Write an ¢ on the end of the nouns that ean be plural government $ minute game computer homework traffic change _ machine language mistake prize tourist information weapon (EERES Listen to the plural nouns and check your nswers. ans Or pss Notice the different ways that s end of these nouns: pronounced at the isi fal sal |__governments| computers changes 2. Listen again to the plural nouns and write them in the correct columns in the table below. sh ia e govemmonte | computers | changes On ns © Unit 3. Complete the rules. ‘2 Ifa noun ends with the sounds /s/,/2/,/, /tf), '¥, or ‘dsj, the final sis pronounced Ifa noun ends with any other voiceless consonant sound (/pi, /v, /k/, /f), or /0), the final sis pronounced Ifa noun ends with any other voiced consonant sound (/bi, di, /g/,/vi, 18/, 1, ‘mi, In, or I) or a vowel sound, the final sis pronounced 4 Practise saying the plural nouns correctly. 5. The rules above are the same for the third person singular -s at the end of verbs in the Present Simple, Can you work out how these verbs are pronounced? reaches /ta/ hopes watches fixes remembers kisses rises expects tries drives wishes works TERE Listen and check your answers. @em p542 Consonant clusters with ‘s’ 1 ERE Listen. All these words have s + consonant at the beginning. How is s pronounced? space statue swimming states smile smoke spelling sport small slow Sweden. snow Om ss 2 Work with a partner, Put the sentences below into the correct order. There may be more than one possible answer. How many possibilities can you find? abut / speak / speak / Spanish / Swedish /I/ don't / unfortunately / 1 b Steve / doesn't / slowly / very / speaks / he /? ¢ and / snowing / Scandinavia / it / Switzerland / was / Sunday / Spain / on / in d sports / started / he / playing / smoking / has / stopped / and © spare / Stephanie / squash / plays / and / time / in / swimming / her / goes 3 BEIM Listen and compare your answers with those con the tape. Practise saying the sentences as fast as possible. Make sure that you pronounce the words beginning with s correctly Or pst 3 Word stress and the sound /2/ Look at the dictionary entry for the word average. | Aswell as the meaning, you can find the pronunciation of the word, including the stress. average Crvardy! n 4 (C1 the result of adding’ @ ‘several amounts together and then dividing this average total by the number of amount: The everage of 4 5 1 Look at the dictionary entries for the words below. First check the meaning, if necessary, and then mark the stress in the same way. ‘agriculture Msarkatty w (0) the science oF Sretes of culivatng tne land ao eping or agriculture resting animal for foo, farming. te Bnry of ancient /‘emjont/ adj 1 belonging to times thet ancient ‘are long past ancient ciilzations »ancint history » competition /jkompo'tfn’ n 4 {C] an event in ‘which people compete; @ contest: boxing/chess/ Competition ‘medical /modskl adj esp attrib] 1 ofthe science of medicine; of curing dlease: medica! eatment/ medical politician /,pole'tfa’n a person whose jo i cons cerned with political affairs, esp as an elected politician ‘member of parliament, et population ‘,popju'tafa/n 1106p) (a) the people ‘who live im an atea, eis @ country, ete control population revolution /,revaun/ » 4 (C, U) an attempt to change the system of goverment, esp by foree: tke TevOlution. Scientific /ssion'unk’ dj (a) (attrib of used in Senate scene A asane Guaeyy Scientific technical /toksski/ adj 4 fusu ati) ofr inva ng applied and industrial sciences: @ technical technical tradition /tro'ayn/n (a) (U) the passing of beliefs ‘oF customs from ane generation to the next: By tTadition Many of the unstressed vowel sounds are very weak. In dictionaries these are sometimes marked /2/, like this: . agriculture /"egrikaltfa(ry! ‘Sometimes they disappear completely, particularly between certain consonant sounds, lke this: ° competition /kompa'ti{n/ Listen to the words in | and underline the weak vowel sounds. What do you notice about the word stress and the weak vowel sounds? Om ps4 To practise the words, try starting with the stressed syllable, like this: ° Mion I petition e competition < Listen again and check your pronunciation of the words from 1. Unit) 7,| ——— Connected speech To prectise the woak forms, try stating with a a stressed word, lke this: 4 Weak and strong auxiliaries = 8 1 Can you guess which auxiliary verbs go in the gaps closed already? below? po. om you closed already? | | | are you closed already? Listen to the first part of some more dialogues and tick () the best response below. Try to do the exercise without pausing the tape. a 1] Yes, actually, fam, 2] Yes, actually, I have. 3 Yes, actually, I do, A 1 any change for this, please? “ BNoln an earn arian nan b 1 [1] No,heisn't- not any more '0, 1 __, sorry 2 [] No, he doesn’t - not any more . b A Ohno-____youclosed already? 3 [1] No, he didn't ~ not any more B Yes, Madam, P'matraid we ___. We close ¢ 1 [] Ldoabit— why? A * se - wet bob 2 © Icana bit— why? © A Twonder if you can help me. 0 i ma Mower still work there? 3 C Tama bit - why? B No, T'mafiaid he __~he left a Tong time 41 (] Yes, she is, actually, for about five years. ago. 2 CJ Yes, she does, actually, for about five years aa you take credit cards? 3 {_| Yes, she has, actually, for about five years B No, sir, 'mafraid we __~ cheques or e 1 [) Really? Do we? cash only 2 [| Really? Are we? € A You know what ~ my boss got another 3 [ Really? Have w pay-rise! ° ‘ a ee m0 Not not anforuatly A He ~Idon’t know why 2) No can't, unfortunately 3 [1] No, I don't, unfortunately ... MERRY Listen and check your answers, @em p54 % a g 1 [5] Ohdear, do they? > Listen to the dialogues again and complete the rules 2 [| Oh deat, have they? 2. Listen to the dialogues again and complete the rules, 3 oh gear arethey? bo Sn h 1 (J Obno~ has he? ‘a When positive auxiliary verbs are in full sentences 2 77 Ohno~ishe? with a main verb, the pronunciation is usually T Ohno iste? ely 3) Ohno does be Ons verb, the pronunciation is always weak / strong, 4 Practise the dialogues with a partner, using the full text, Remember! Negative auxiliaries do not have a weak on page 54, Pay attention to the pronunciation of the pronuneiation auxiliary verbs. L On pss & Unit5 Intonation in Wh- questions 1 Listen to ten general knowledge questions and find the correct answer in the box below. Pause the tape while you write each answer, but try to listen only once! Dante Michael Jackson 4 Bucharest Texas 15 every 21 days Sting every 28 days 1789 Sofia 1848 France Dallas the USA, German Cervantes Swiss every 30days 6 1917 37 Tirana 8 Tolstoy Washington DC Elton John Austrian 2 All the questions on the tape start with Wh- words, 3 Use the prompts below to form general knowledge Listen again and complete the rule. questions, a Which country / win / 1998 World Cup? b Who / President of the USA / before Bill Clinton’? ¢ Where / the 1996 Olympic Games? d_ What / capital / Chile? € f g A The intonation of Wh- questions normally goes up/down at the end. : When / Berlin Wall / come down? How many states / the USA? Who / write / Sophie's World? | To practise the intonation, try humming the | questions frst, like this | ao | MM mmm MIM-mm-rnm mim mms MIM-mm- min? | 4 lpossible, mingle with the other students in your class What's the capital of — Bulgaria? to find out any answers that you don’t know. Listen and check your questions, Practise saying them, paying attention to the intonation. Remember to start the question high so that itis easier On ps to come down at the end. Unit? 9The sounds /i:/ and /1/ The sounds /v/ and /w/ Rising and falling intonation in single words Contraction of be with the Present Continuous Metric numbers Listen and repeat these pairs of words 1 The sounds /i:/ and /1/ fit ‘) 1 Listen and circle the words you heat — be sheep ship beans bins cheap chip leek lick All of these words contain either the sound /i:/ or the sound /i/ or both. Listen and mark them 1 (/i/) or 2 (1). oO a meets f children O ] g week © eats h between 00 ] d evening i jeans O O © office i England Or os Listen again and practise saying the words correctly, © What a nice toy sheep / ship! f Can [havea leek / lick? Om 055 | Practise making the sounds. To make the sound /i:/, smile and open your mouth a little. {iis a long sound. It comes in the words sleep and cheap. To make the sound /1/, open your mouth a litle more. i/ igs a short sound. It comes in the words slip and chip. 10 Unit2 The sounds /v/ and /w/ To make the sound /v/, your top teeth touch 5 your bottom lip. In English, if we spell a word with the letter v, we pronounce it with the sound /v/. Y aN video ‘Tomake the sound /w/, your top teeth don't touch your bottom lip. In English, if the letter w comes before a vowel, we usually pronounce it /W/. a BEEBE It you have problems with the sound /w/ at the besining ofa word wy starting with ke this asters clare feist television have viewers ‘Exceptions We don't pronounce initial w as /wv/ in these words: who =/iu:/ wrong = ‘ron’ whole =/hool/ write = /raut We also pronounce words like one, once, and anyone witha /w! sound, although we don’t spell them with a w. When w comes at the end of a word we don't usually pronounee it as /w/: how = /hao} new =/n) saw =/0 | 1 Listen and write the words from the box in the correct columns in the table below. leaves words devoted gives oneself interview woman always way _ believes, Ww l Iwi | rs 1 Oem 1.55 Practise saying the words correctly. 2. Practise reading these sentences aloud, paying attention to the pronunciation of v and w. We never watch television. Why would anyone live in a caravan? Wendy very obviously loves her work. Have you travelled all over the world? Twenty of our visitors want wine, I'm wondering whether to have a shower. Card A: Sports quiz answers 1. How much did Spanish tennis champion ‘Atantxa Sdichez Vicario eam in 19947 © $2,943,665 3 In the 1996 Olympics, what was the mens [200 metres athletics record? |b 19.66 secs 5 What was the record height for women’ hang Gliding in 19927 a 3,970m 7) What was the record for cycling speed in 19957 © 268.831 km/h ee Unit2 4143 Intonation in single words 4 be with the Present Continuous . 1 BREE Listen to be in the contracted form. When we answer questions with Yos or No, rs ur intonation usually goes down. m You're ‘Sometimes we use single words to ask questions, He's ‘When we do this, our intonation goes up. She's Ws 1 Listen to these dialogues. We're Mark the boxes where the intonation goes down They're (when the speaker is simply answering a question), Listen again and repeat Mark the boxes _f where the intonation goes up (when the speaker is asking a question). itean be diffcut to hear the auxiliary verb bein ‘| = Hr op the Present Continuous when people are speaking a \Visyouraunt marred?) (Noy AN duicky. Because ofthis, sometimes foreign students | of English miss out be L ' ____} b (She ves in Bath) | x — _ 2 Listen to these two students. c¢ \isshemean? _) (Wo 7A [ Student A says be, Student B doesn't. Student A. I'm fixing a Rolls-Royce at the moment YS ——. Student B I fixing a Rolls-Royce at the moment, X dd \ Has she got a dog? ) ——— Student A He’s repairing the toilets at the station. Student B He repairing the toilets at the station. X m~ e | ‘\ Buster ) ‘Can you hear the difference? — f \ Emily) 3 Listen to students saying these sentences. For each sentence, tick () the box if the student remembers be and cross (X) the box if they forget it, O A z a (_| I'm painting a picture of my mother. [] My company’s designing a new opera house. {How's your aunt?) \ How's your aunt?) b ¢ [| I’m not directing any films at the moment. Om p55 d (] Were taking Hamler all round Europe e f I'm working in Gstaad. They’te playing in the World Cup, Card B: Sports quiz answers ~ Ons W asketball player Manute Bol? 2 ee a ine NBA Daskemal ney co 4 BEREE Listen to all the sentences pronounced correctly and repeat them. 4 What was the women’ record for skiing speed in 19967 | a 226.7 km/ 6 What was the heaviest catfish caught in 19957 b 25.968 kg 8 What was the record for continuously heading a football in 19957 b 7 hrs 17 mins 5 secs eter 12 unite5 Metric numbers I Listen to how we pronounce these numbers in English. [soi 140 kmh Weights 2.6ko lengths “100m 175m 10em 5mm or heights ire fi900000 855 Sop $3,995,450 $450 75¢ Times 3 hrs 15 mins 2hrs 12 mins 2secs__30 secs In the table below, column A lists the types of numbers. Listen to five dialogues and identify the rype of number you hear in each one. Write the number of the dialogue (1-5) in the correct square in column B. A Bic | speeds Weights | 1 L Lengths or heights Prices Times Listen again. Write the number expressions you hear in, column C. O— 0.55 3. Work in pairs, Take it in turns to read a question and the three possible answers. Find the correct answer on your card while your partner is thinking, Student A Look at card A on page 11 Student B Look at card B on page 12. Sports quiz 11 How much did Spanish. a $5.415.086 Bb $3,415,665 52043665 2 How tallis the NBA basketball player Manute Bol? a 23m b 225m © 22m 3B In the 1995 Olympics, what was the migné 200 metres athletics record? © 19.96 secs a 19.06 secs 19,66 secs 4 What was the womens record for skiing speed in 19967 a 226.7 km/h 220.5kmv/h © 206.6km/n 5 What was tne record height for womens hang-gliding in 19927 a 3,970m b 2,970m © 4,970m 6 What was the heaviest catfish caught in 19957 a 23.869 kg b 25.968 kg © 28.896 kg 7. What was the record for cycling speed in 1995? a 831.268 km/h b 286 381 km/h € 268.831 kmv/h | &s 8 What was the record for |~ Who got the most correct answers in the class? Unit2 13.—— -ed forms with /t/, /d/, or /id/ The sounds /@/ and /d/ Weak forms and contractions in past tenses Showing interest through short questions Transcribing phonetic script: the arts -ed forms with /t/, / Listen to the sentences only once and tick (W) the form you hear. Present Past Not Simple Simple sure aga a eae al o ce E a 0 Oo e O Oo ait Why is it difficult to hear the difference between the Present Simple and the Past Simple in these sentences? On ps Notice that the -ed forms are pronounced in three. different ways: lu (al ad! promised agreed expected 14 Units 2. Write these -ed forms in the correct columns in the table below. created decided died _—_ disappeared suffered enjoyed hated introduced laughed mixed refused disappointed il [ad promised agreed | expected | | | | | EEE Listen and check your answers. Qe p.35 Listen again and practise saying the words correctly b Ifa verb ends in a voiceless consonant sound pl, Ist, kl, If, if, oF 100, | the final -ed is pronounced 3. Complete the following rules. ‘2. Ifa verb itself ends in a tor a d sound, the final -edis pronounced © Ifa verb ends in a voiced consonant sound (bi, gf, , 2/, vl, 1A3/,18/, md, ', oF (1) or a vowel sound, the final -ed is pronounced aes) Listen again to the sentences from 1 This time they are all in the Past Simple, Practise saying them, pronouncing the -ed forms correctly.2 The sounds /6/ and /d/ 8) 6 9) 2th September 1934 The twenty-fifth of September nineteen thirty-four 81 19) 0) | stst December 1943 The thirty-first of December nineteen forty-three | (8! 10) 16) a) 19th February 1953 The thirteenth of February nineteen fifty-three To make these sounds, your tongue pn should touch the back of your teeth. S If you have difficulty with these sounds, & * try putting your finger in front of your Soe mouth and touching it with your tongue, ib like this for the sound /0/ you don't. ind /3/ you use your voice Practise saying the dates above. | Can you match these famous people with their dates of birth from the box? 6th May 1953 a Tony Blair a 29th July 1883 b Brigitte Bardot a chnesDen th December 1893 @HarrisonFord 8th February 1931 € Whoopi Goldberg f Mao Tse Tung 28th September 1954 g Mussolini a 18th August 1937 h Elvis Presley i. Robert Redford 8th January 1938 j Tina Turner a 26th November 1938 k Mike Tyson I Vincent Van Gogh _ HERI Listen and check your answers. @em v.55 13th July 1942 30th June 1966 30th M: 2 Listen again and stop the tape after each sentence. larch 1853 Practise saying the dates of birth. Say them slowly at first then quicker and quicker. Pay attention to the 43th November 1949 pronunciation of the zh sounds. 3 Find out the birthdays (day and month) of the other students in your class. Which two birthdays are closest together? Or: Work on your own. Write down the dates of birth of some of your family and friends. Practise saying them, paying attention to the th sounds.Cairncrr 3 Weak forms and contractions in past tenses 1 Read about Mr and Mrs Bailey. Look at the picture, Last month Mr and Mrs Bailey went away for a holiday. They left their teenage children at home. Because of bad weather, they came home early. This is the scene they found when they arrived home. Listen to some sentences about what Mr and Mrs Bailey saw and decide from the picture whether they are T (True) or F (False), afl cf] e ell i[ bo) aL ro h Notice the weak forms and contractions used: Weak forms Their children had /had/ invited all their friends round. Their daughter Emma was /waz! dancing on the table. ‘Some boys were /wo! playing poker. Contractions Emma and Dan obviously hadn't /‘heedont/ cleaned the house for days. The cat wasn't /"wozont/ looking very happy. They weren't /wa:nt/ listening to any music. Practise starting with the main verb, like this: ‘had! invited... had invited... Their children had invited all their friends round. Iwaal dancing .... was dancing ..._ Emma was dancing on the table. Swat playing ... were playing... Some boys were playing poker. ad Listen to all the sentences again and practise saying them correctly. 4 Write some sentences of your own about the picture, using either the Past Continuous or the Past Perfect Your sentences can be either true or false. Practise saying them correctly. 5 Work in pairs, Read your sentences to a partner. Your partner should close their book and say from memory whether your sentences are true or false. 16 Units ‘\_Teamed lots of money.) (Did you 1 Look at these short dialogues between A and B, Listen and write short questions in the spaces. aA Last summer we hitchhiked to Turkey. B Did you? ; Aw 4 es : can 4 Showing interest through short questions . A B Soe y" Twas workingin >) (oy (France last summer, ) Were you? \ Y~—_—_ b A Yes, and it only took three days. B © A We were in Hawaii this time last week Boo ao dA Mmm. It was absolutely fantastic a B € A John and Vera had a lovely holiday in Corfu B oO fA Yes, and John took some lovely photographs B oOg A We spent our holidays in Britain this year. Bo o h A Yes, but it was more expensive than going abroad. B oO Or v5 2 Listen again, Sometimes B sounds interested in what A is saying and sometimes she does not, Mark the box / if B sounds interested and Uif she sounds uninterested. Or ns To show that you are interested and want to hear more, your intonation should start high, go down, and then go up at the end. ‘To practise, try exaggerating, lke this: Va La mu | Were you? Were you? Were you? my mu mo Didyou? ——Didyou?~—«éid you? | mu mu Was he? Was he? Listen to some people talking about their holidays. Ask short questions. Try to show that you are interested and want to hear more. Se a) Twent to New Zealand > (for myholidays (Did you? \ You listen You speak (Bid you ) Coie, You listen Or 15s MTR Cray 5 Transcribing phonetic script: the arts 1 Transcribe the words below to complete the puzzle and read the hidden message. Use a dictionary to check spelling, if necessary. a /"Orata/ g /teltvigon/ b fdseez! h fdroan/ © /fikfon/ i Phtratfar d /bar'grafiy i opra/ © I'pavatri k (rok mjuziky f I'skalptfa 1 /fa'tografi’ Listen and check your answers. @e~ p.56 Listen again and practise saying the words correctly. units 47The sounds /j/ and /d3/ The sounds /k/, /g/, and /w/ Making polite requests Responding to requests Modals of obligation Shao In English, if we write a word starting with the letter y, 1 The sounds // and /d3/ we pronounce it with the sound fj WERT yes year 1 Listen to these pairs of words Write Text to the first word you hear and | ityou have problems with the soft sound /j/at the 2rext to the second word. beginning of a word, try starting with li, lke this: ili: > yes ii: > yes i> yes if we pronounce a word with the sound /dz/, we write it with the letter jor gor the letters gg or dg. BERME jeans large suggestion judge 4} : > ‘There are many other cases in English whore we pronounce words with ij/ before the sound /t use (v} = fju:z! universe = 'ju:nty3's use(n) = fiu's! uniform = /ju:ntfs:m! Europe =/'juarap) This also happens when there is @ consonant before the sound /us/ cube = kju:b menu =/'menju:! music = /‘mju:zik! ‘Sometimes there are differences between British and ‘American English: GBEnglish US English c news = Inu:z! Tuesday ‘u:zdev N 2< Listen to the pairs of words in I again. Repeat them, paying attention to the pronunciation of Wiland /dy) 4 CO jaw CO your 3. Work in AB pairs. Student A. Say one of the words in 1 Can you hear the difference between the sounds /j/ and Student B Point to the word you hear. /d3/? If not, listen to the pairs of words again. Repeat this until Student A has said all the words. oo 56 Swap over. 18 Unit4 Listen and write the words from the box in the correct columns in the table below. younger imagine geographical universal European enjoy journalist tune jacket strangers you stupid [tty Practise saying the words correctly. 4s Listen to the sentences below. inderline the jj! sounds. Remember there may be some exceptional /j/ sounds before the sound /u:. a Inhis youth, Jerry Josephs, the New York jeweller, used to play jazz on a German tuba. b Julian Jones is jealous of Eunice’s Jaguar, but Eunice Jones is jealous of Jason’s jacuzzi, and Jason Jones is jealous of Julian’s yacht. © That huge green jaguar is the most beautiful jade statue in this museum, d_ Yesterday George Young stupidly damaged Yolanda, Jenning’s new yellow jeep on a bridge. Listen again and underline the /d3/ sounds like this wa. Om 2.56 Practise reading the sentences aloud, paying attention to the pronunciation of // and /d/ 2 The sounds /k/, /g/, and /w/ 1 Listen to these words Can you hear the difference? 2 Listen and circle the word you hear. ‘ wood wood wood You make the sounds /k/ and /q/ at the back of your mouth. You don't use your voiee forthe sound /k/. | You use your voice for the sound /a/. You make the sound /w/ at the front of your mouth, If you need to practise /w/, turn back to page 11 < Listen again and practise saying the words int Unita 193 Listen to different foreign students making requests. Complete the sentences with Could or Would. Ifa student uses a (g/ sound by mistake, don't write anything in the gap. a you tell me the time? b __ you lend mea pen? © you open the window? d you close the door? © _____ you lend me 50p? f you read this for me? g you carry my bag for me? Or 0.56 4 Practise saying all the sentences using Could, and then again with Would. Pay attention to the sound /ki or /w/ at the beginning of each request. Intonation and sentence stress 3 Making polite requests S——_____— ‘When we ask people to do things, the words we use are very important. Compare the sentences below: rude BN But the intonation we use is also very important. 20. Unit 4 1 Listen to these two sentences. The words are the same, but A sounds polite and B sounds rude. Can you hear the difference? P] A Could you close the door, please? R) B Could you close the door, please? - Listen to some more sentences. Mark them P if they sound polite, and R if they sound rude. a [J A Would you mind waiting a moment? (1 B Would you mind waiting a moment? b [_] A Do you think you could possibly help me? [5 B Do you think you could possibly help me? c [] A Can you bring the manager here, please? ] B Can you bring the manager here, please? d [_] A Would you mind keeping the noise down? | B Would you mind keeping the noise down? [] A Could you look after Rose a minute? ~] B Could you look after Rose a minute? O@-ps To sound polite, start high and go higher on the main stressed word. Your voice should fall a bit and then rise at the end of the sentence, like this: oe KY Could you close the door, please? Your voice should sound soft, not hard. Say the requests from 2 politely. Pay attention to your intonation.4 Responding to requests When you agree to a request, your intonation should | || sound polite. To do this, your voice should start high. To practise, try exaggerating, like this: | "© ny, \ \ yy ry ves, ofcourse, Yes, Ofcourse. Yes, o¥ course: 1 Listen to these requests. ‘When the intonation is polite, agree to the request. ‘When the intonation is rude, say nothing. a Polite request Answer (Could you give mea light?) (Yes, of course! ) You listen You speak —— (Ces of course!) You listen b Rude request Could you give me a light?) v You listen ‘You don't speak ¢ Can you give me a lift to work? 4 Could you pass me the ketchup? Could you lend me £10? Could you wait for me? On 7 Qiirncnceu 5 Modals of obligation 1 Listen to these sentences and complete the gaps. aT email you. tell him about it. g0 home now? be there at three. He _ work very hard. get up at six. Or ps7 2 Remember the pronunciation of the sentences in 1, Read the questions about modals in fast speech. Listen to the answers. Circle the correct answer each, time. a How is must pronounced in fast speech? 1 /mast/ 2 /mast/ b How 1 fod! c How should pronounced in fast speech? 2 fad have to pronounced in fast speech? 2 heft 1 fhev ww: d_ How is has to pronounced in fast speech? 1 fhesta 2 hhaez tu:! € How is had to pronounced in fast speech? | theed tu/ 2 /haedta! O07 3 Practise saying the sentences in 1, paying attention to the stress, and the weak forms that you studied in 2. Unit 4 21The sound /l/ at the end of words The sounds /p/ and /au/ Word linking in fast speech Emphatic stress " Stress and the sound /a/ in word families 1 The sound /I/ at the end of words c |_| Freddi I'll help - you with that! Notice the special pronunciation of /l/ in Ethel Thank you English when it comes at the end of a word or syllable very much, dear, you're very kind! nH 1M help you. Ifyou have problems with this sound, try adding a short ‘a! sound before the /W/ sound, like this: Voll 1a! It help you. . d [J Alan We need Freddi is a foreign speaker of English ~ some more drinks! Listen to these dialogues. Sometimes Freddi gets the Freddi OK, I'l VV sound right when he says ['ll, but sometimes he misses it out. Tick (V) the box if he pronounces /'l! correctly Cross (X) the box if he pronounces it incorrectly. go and get some, a (| Waiter Are you e (| Clerk Single or ready to order? return, sir? Freddi Yes, Freddi Er... Ti have a just have a single, cheeseburger, thank you. please. On ps7 2 Listen to Freddi’s lines from the dialogues again. This time he pronounces ll correctly every time. Practise the sentences with 1! pronouncing it correctly, like th b C) Ann Is Clara there, please? Freddi Just a minute ... I'll go and see... I’ /o/ Il... V fof Il have a cheeseburger 3. Here are some more words ending in /. Practise them in the same way as above. meal title travel couple people petrol. national. -—_ cancel 22 Units2 The sounds /n/ and /av/ 3 Listen to these dialogues and underline all 1 the /p/ sounds, Listen to these two English names. One is a man’s name and the other is a woman's name, Can you hear the difference between them? a John! It's Joan on the phone, fol eo Oh no! Not Joan! John Joan Listen and write the sound that you hear: b Its going to snow. Oh... [won't go home then ... Jolis @ short sound, You make it at the back of the ‘mouth. Your lips should be round. shocked want ‘aul isa diphthong ~ a long sound made from putting two vowel sounds together. Here the sounds are /a/ and iol. ‘As you make the sound, your lips should close alittle, like this: ¢ OK then! I'm going. What? ... oh... please don't go, Polly! fal fol Why won't he show you them? I don't know. Listen again and underline all the /av/ sounds like this ww. Qn 157 4 Practise reading the dialogues with a partner, Pay attention to the pronunciation of /o/ and /au/, Units 23Croce 3 Word linking in fast speech 1 Listen and complete the dialogue below without looking at the box below. ‘Adam Hello, (a) __ Adam. () ____ Jess, please? Paul I'mafraid (¢) moment, (d) call you back as soon as she (e) ? ‘Adam Mmm OK ... if she () few minutes but I'm going (g) _ - hour. I'll be ) o'clock Shall 1 @ then? Paul I think she’s (j) on Oh, (k) I think she's o ________ shower now. Jess! (m) _ phone! Jess Thanks, (n) Adam! Hello! (0) 2 2. Did you find it difficult to hear the missing words? Ifso, why do you think this is? 24 Units Check and correct your answers using the box below to help you. Notice how words ean be linked together when you speak very quickly. You also hear some letters at the end that are usually silent. ‘Adam Hello, thig jg Adam. | Can. speak to Jess, please? | Paul {'m afraid she’g jn the shower at the moment. | VIL sk jf shel call you back ps soon as she gots ut,0K? | Adam Mmm OK |. buty'm going put in g quarter pf aq hour. | be back at about gight o'clock. | Shall | try again then? | Paul | think she's going put later pn... | Oh, just a ‘minute, [think she's coming out pf the shower if sho gots. put jn_p few minutes| now. | Jess! it Adam_on the phone! | Jess Thanks, 'I| answer jt upstairs. | Adam! Hello! | How pre you... Listen to the dialogue again. Stop the tape after each section (marked | in the box above) to practise the inking. You may find this easier if you imagine that the linked words are all one long word: thig jg Adam > thisizadam Practise the dialogue with a partner, paying attention to the linking so that you can read it quickly and fluently.Rieu euees 4 Emphatic stress 1 Listen to the dialogue between Sally and her grandfather. Unfortunately her grandfather is deat, He also worries a lot about what Sally does, and who she meets, Sally I'm going to meet Ann, Grandfather. Grandfather You're going to meet Sam? Who's Sam? Sally Not Sam ~ Ann. We're going to play tennis Grandfather You're going to play with Dennis? And who's Dennis? Sally Not Dennis, Tennis, We're going to play tennis in the park. Grandfather You're going to play with Dennis and Mark? Who are all these boys you're going to meet? Sally I'm not going to meet any boys, Grandfather. I'm going to play tennis ~ in the park —with Ann, a girl... oh, never mind Grandfather Dennis ...? Mark ...? . see you later! ‘am The girl's going mad! Sally and her grandfather stress a lot of words very strongly in the conversation, Listen again and mark . the very stressed words like this: Sam. Why do they stress these particular words? Qe p.57 Listen again and read the dialogue with the tape. You can just hum the words, like this: mm MM-mm mm MM MM, MM-mm-mm. I'm going to meet Ann, Grandfather Pay attention to the stress, though. 4 Practise reading the dialogue with a partner, still paying attention to the words that are stressed strongly. 5 Stress and the sound /a/ in word families 1 Listen and decide whether the words you hear are verbs, nouns, or adjectives. Complete the table below. Notice that there is not always a word. for each column. Verb Adjective | Noun Ne jective | ON arrange arrangement Ops 2 Listen again and mark the stress in each word, like this: e ° arrange arrangement Isit always the same syllable that is stressed, or does, it change? Om ps 3 In Unit 1 you practised weak vowel sounds This the most common vowel sound in English. ‘There are nineteen words in the table above and they contain twenty-two weak vowel sounds! Can you find them all? Underline them, like this: arrange arrangement Listen again and check your answers, Practise saying the words paying attention to the stress and weak vowel sounds, Os Units 25,The sounds /n/ and /n/ The sounds /u/ and /u:/ Showing degrees of enthusiasm Disappearing t and d and word linking with final w, y, andr International food words 1 The sounds /n/ and /1 Listen and circle the word you hear. f This is Ron / wrong, Practise making the sounds. ‘To make /n/ and //, the air comes out through your | nose. Your tongue is further back in your mouth when | you make /t Ifyou havo problems making the sound | 1, put your tongue in postion to make the sound /k and try to say /n | In English, the sound /1/ always comes in the middle or at the end of a syllable or word, never at the beginning, 2 Listen to these pairs of words and repeat them id Inf fans fangs ran rang ban bang win wing x A ton tongue 4 Ta love a win I wing Ron wrong 26 UnitéIn English, the letters ng at the end of a word are always pronounced /ty. \when there is another syllable after ng, sometimes | the gis pronounced and sometimes itisn. 3 Look at the letters ng in the words below and cross out the g if itis not pronounced, youngest singer ingredients ringing young language longer finger banging England BERT Listen and check your answers. @em pst Listen again and practise saying the words correctly. 2 The sounds /o/ and /u:/ I Listen to the example several times to make sure you can hear the difference between the sound fa! in football and the sound /u:/ in boots. Example football bggts Listen to these phrases, Underline the sounds. 4 good food b a beautiful cooker ¢ school uniform d awooden pulley Tuesday's newspapers a souvenir bull a cookery book h amenu for two Remember that some words starting with the letter u begin with the sound ijuz/ unify =!"ju:mafa! This also happens when there is a consonant before the /u sound: avenue =/'sevanju/ ‘Sometimes there is a difference between British and ‘American English: GB English US English new =/njuyi = /nu/ tune =/jun/ = /tu:n/ Listen again and underline the /u:/ or jju:/ sounds, like this wa. Qn ns Practise making the sounds. ‘To make the sound /u/, your lips should be round. ‘o/ isa short sound, ‘To make the sound /t/, your lips should be very round. ‘uy is a long sound. Practise saying the phrases, paying attention to the fol, Ju/, and (juc/ sounds, unite 27Intonation and sentence stress Connected speech 3 Showing degrees of enthusiasm 4 Disappearing sounds and word linking ~ ~ 1 Look at the bold letters in the sentences below. j | We can show how enthusiastic we are through the Listen and tick (W) the sentences where you hear the words we use. bold letters. Cross (X) the sentences where you don't 4 It was quite funny. (not very enthusiastic) hear the bold letters «eax Iwas really funny. (very enthusiastic) a] 1 Were going out When we speak, we don't always change the words 1 we use. We can show how enthusiastic we are through LC 2 We're going out in a minute. 3 tonation ] 3 We're going out tonight = » [1] | Hike Chinese food, 1 HEBER Listen to the first two dialogues below. (1) 2 Hike Chinese food and Indian food. Make sure you can hear the difference in the degrees (11 3 Like Chinese food but not Indian food of enthusiasm. ¢ 1) 1 Piitell you tomorrow. Now listen to the other dialogues and mark them en ‘© (not very enthusiastic), or [J 2 Pittell you tomorrow evening. + (very enthusiastic) [1 3 Plltell you tomorrow night. a Q What was the party like? 4 [7] 1 I saw them yesterday. A Itwas interesting, [* } 2. Isaw them yesterday afternoon, b Q What was Amsterdam like? 7] 3 Tsaw them yesterday morning. A Itwas interesting, | 1 Ti call back ater © Q What was your holiday like? A Mmm. Itwas good. |_| dQ What was your hotel like? A. Mmm. It was good, [ (J) 2 P'ilealt back later on, [7] 3 I'll call back later today. Ons Complete the rules. © Q What’ his younger brother like? A Oh, he's nice. CI 7 £ Q What’ his father like? in ast seed A Oh, he's nice i Or 78 @ We often don't pronounce a final t or dwhen itis followed by a consonant / vowel sound. | Listen again and repeat the answers, paying attention b We often pronounce a final w, y, or rwhen itis | to the intonation and stress. followed by a consonant / vowel sound. | ons 2. Work in pairs. Practise saying the dialogues aloud. Take turns asking the questions. When your partner answers, listen carefully and try to guess the degr 3 Listen and repeat these sentences. Pay of enthusiasm each time. Is it one star or three stars? attention to the disappearing letters and linking sounds. a He likes tennis ani skiing, b My favourie colours are yellow ani green. He's very friendly anit talkative. She toliX me to carry everything! Hov are you? He promise to meni my bike. She leX them reajf for a while. 28 Units5 International food words | Look at the words below. Tick (¥) the ones that are the same or very similar in your language. champagne = bananas k (1) sandwich / ‘Try to guess how the words are pronounced in English. Listen and count how many words you guessed correctly, em p. 58 Listen again and practise saying the words with the correct English pronunciation. Units 29The sounds /e/ and /a/ The sound /h/ The weak forms of for Question tags with falling intonation Stress in multi-word verbs fsounds 4 Of course in a sentence the grammar also helps you to identify the Past Simple or past participle. Circle the verb in the correct tense in the the sentences below. 1 The sounds // and /a/ 1 Write in the Past Simple and past participle of the verbs below. a run b sing © ring swim © begin f drink On pss 2 Can you hear the difference between the Past Simple (spelt with a) and the past participle (spelt with u)? fel Ind ran run a (| Look! The children@ranb have drunk everything before they left. 3 Look back at | above. Listen and circle the ama y verb you hear: Past Simple or past participle. b [1] Her boyfriend rang / has rung her eight times Example Gai) run Om ps yesterday. ¢ [_] P'msorry you can't go into the theatre ~ the lay already began | has already begun. Practise making the sounds, Play already bege y beg My legs hurt ~ I ran / have run ten miles ey ns [1 just swam I have just swum a kilometre. | your mouth should be fal | e [_] Idon’t feel very well — 1 drank / have drunk ten | ‘open, like this: whiskies last night apple match drank yesterday, Ops | To make the sound /a/, ~ na | your mouth should be Ba 5 BERGE Listen to a student reading the sentences aloud. less open, like this: y { Tick (V) the box if the verb is pronounced correctly. Cross (X) the box if it is pronounced incorrectly On ns GRATE up much flood ~~ | Practise saying the sentences correctly. 30. Unit72 The sound /h/ 1 Listen to the sentences below and underline the /h/ sounds you hear. a Helen has cut her own hair again horrible b Have you heard about Hanna's horrific adventure in Hamburg? ¢ Henry's Uncle Herbert has had another heart attack in hospital, 4 Old Harry hasn't eaten his ham and eggs already, has he? ¢ Hazel and Alan have had another unhappy holiday hitch-hiking in Austria and Hungary. ‘absolutely On pss 2. There are six words where the letter h is not pronounced. Cross out these fs, like this K. What sort of words have silent hs? Why do you think the h is silent? Om ps8 ‘omake the sound /hl, push alt of air out of your mouth, The sound fh! is similar to the noise youmake when you | are out of breath L 3 Practise saying each of the sentences in | five times. Start by saying it very slowly, and then say it faster and faster. Pay attention to the /h/ sounds, Be careful not to put in any extra /hy sounds 4 Look at the words below. Seven of them are ‘exceptions’. They are not weak forms but the / at the beginning of the syllable is not pronounced. Use a dictionary to find the seven words, Check the meaning of any new words. hole whole childhood honest. how vehicle exhibition heir hour behind rehearse inherit who ghost dishonest Close your book. Can you remember the seven words where h is not pronounced? a ? Perce Rs al) 3 The weak forms of for ‘When the word for comes in the middle of a phrase or sentence, its not pronounced /fa:, but either /fa/ or 1 Listen to these expressions with for and write them in the correct column. al (Par! for ten years @- p9 2 What is the difference between the expressions with /fa/ and those with /far/? Why do you think we pronounce the /t/ in /far/? O- v9 Practise saying the expressions correctly. With the expressions in the second column, link the /r/ sound onto the beginning of the next word, like this: for. week or two 3 Listen and answer the questions on the tape using the prompts below, like this: a fourteen years flow longhae >) (( How long have 2 Souknowin her? (© Oh, Ive known her \ for fourteen years, | You listen You speak (Oh, I've known her \ for fourteen years. You listen for ages and ages © for a couple of months for four or five days € ‘twenty-five years £ for a fortnight Pay attention to your pronunciation of for, ps9 Unit? 31Stress and intonation 4 Question tags with falling intonation 1 Steve is applying /You____ to Mancheste for the job of chief { ; | ee Universi wy at ABC Computers. Margaret Peters is interviewing him. Listen and complete : their dialogue. On 9 2. Listen again to what Margaret says. Do you think she 3. Here are some more things that Margaret says, already knows these facts about Steve or not? Complete the sentences with didn’t you? or haven't you? Oo ; a You studied computer science at university, The questions atthe end of the sentences are called 2 b You finished your degree in 1987. 3 question tags. In this dialogue the question tags go down at the end because Margaret already knows the answer to the question ~ she is just using the question tag to © You've worked for Banana Computers since then, check the information. d You went to Canada in 1989, 7 2 Notice thatthe sentences are affirmative but the You've also worked in Australia, question tags are negative. f You lived in Melbourne, ? To practise, try exaggerating, lke this: 4 Listen and practise saying the senteno Check your answers, ~ — Didn't you? Didn't you? Didn't you? ~, You went to Manchester University, didn’t you? 32. Unit7PMordfocus 5 Stress in multi-word verbs ’ Separable multi-word verbs All the multi-word verbs below can either be separated or not separated. Use the prompts to form the sentence in two different ways, like this: Just a minute ('l~ the fight (turn on) Just a minute, Ill turn on the light. Just a minute, I'll turn the light on. a Can you~ the receiver please (pick up) b ~the new words in your dictionaries (look up) ¢ We had to ~ the meeting because of the terrible weather (put off) d Atbedtime my mother used to ~ wonderful stories for us (make up) ¢ His parents ~ James and his brothers very strictly (bring up) a 2 Listen and check your answers, Listen to the two types of sentence again. Is the preposition stressed or not in each i oe oo Practise the sentences, paying attention to the stress. If you find this dificult, try humming the pattern first, Uke this: a eee oe a oe er ee bs cmmansaaony | } 1 whether or not multi-word verbs are separable. Multi-word verbs with two prepositions 3 Look at the exercise below on multi-word verbs with two prepositions, Someone has done the exercise, but unfortunately it, is all wrong! Rewrite the sentences with the correct multi-word verb. (Sometimes you will need to change the verb forms.) V— EXERCISE ae a [think Emma's same rua out of her boyfriend somewhere tonight. x » Do you fell out with ga your mother-in-law OK? X | & We're really getting on with your party ~ it'll be i great to see you! x @ We've gone feout with nice bread ~ could you get some more when you go to the shops? x @ Unfortunately he larked. forwamlta his parents last year for some reason ~ they haven't spoken to | each other since then, apparently! e x Listen and check your answers. o-Ps 4 Listen again and notice the stress in the multi-word verbs with two prepositions. Tick (W) the correct rule below: ‘|_| They are both stressed equally. > |_|} The first is stressed and the second is weak, c [_] The second is stressed and the first is weak. La Or 9 5 Practise saying the sentences with the correct stress pattern. Unit? 33The sounds /o:/ and /ou/ The sounds /b/ and /v/ Intonation with really and absolutely Contractions of will and would Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing 1 The sounds /:/ and /au/ } The sound /o:! is a long vowel. | awful fall more ‘The sound /auy is a double vowel, or diphthong. ‘We make it with the sound /al followed by the sound /u/. Shall I saw that for you? Shall I sew that for you? 1 [_] No, thanks, I like woodwork! 1 RERPM Listen and tick () the best reply for the words you hear. ai 1 (J [prefer the zebi a What a big hall! What a big hole! ) ¥ prefer the zebra. hs : 2 [| P'm not very interested in weapons. 1 [ Yes, and the living room’s even bigger. 2 [_] Yes, I must take it to the shoe repair place. ee) ‘ like that boar! Tlike that bow! | ae Ea 1S © What a lot of noughts!_— What a lot of notes! 1 [-] Yes. It's too expensive for me, I'm afraid. b Can Thave that ball? Can I have that bow!? a i 2) Yes. I'm not sure if I can sing them all 1 (2 No, I'm playing tennis with it properly, 2 [) No, I'm going to put the salad in it. On 19 34 UnitsPractise making the sounds. To make the sound />:/, you make your lips round. Jay! sa long sound, you need to practise /2u/, turn back to page 23. Practise making the sounds. ‘To make the sound /b!, you put your lips together and push out the air. You use your voice to make /b/. It is a very short sound. If you need to practise /v/, turn back to page 11. Listen and write the words from the box in the correct columns in the table below. no four broken door organization go law home causes oldest _ horse won't of be) _| | o-Ps Practise saying the words correctly. 2 The sounds /b/ and /v/ InEnglish, if we spell a word with the letters b or bb, we pronounce it with the sound /b/. | big hobbies job | InEnglish, if we spell a word with the letter v, | we pronounce it with the sound /v/. BERIM very evening move . 1 Listen and circle the word you hear. a Would you like a ber / ver? .. Tonly want the best / vest. © Shall we take a boat / vote? d_ Him, there’s something wrong with your bowels I vowels. ¢ There are some bats / vats in the cellar. EERRE Listen and repeat these pairs of words. bi Wl bet vet best vest boat —_ vote bowels vowels bats vats Work with a partner to test each other's pronunciation. You say a word and your partner must point to the word you said, Practise saying these sentences. First say them slowly, then try saying them faster and faster. Vera Bathory, the Viennese vampire, bathes every evening in buckets of blood, A visiting burglar broke Victor Barton's vast Bolivian vase into bits. Bob Vicks, the village baker, loves Betty Vole, the barmaid at the BullIntonation and sentence stress 3 Intonation with really and absolutely | We can use really or absolutely to make a strong adjective stronger. Listen to these dialogues. ‘What was your holiday like? It was really wonderful, A B A What was the weather like? B Itwas absolutely marvellous. 1 Check the pronunciation of the following words in a dictionary. Mark the stress. hilarious delicious fascinating terrified exhausted filthy O-nw 2 Try to guess which of the words go into the dialogues below. Don't write the answers. a A Are you tired? I'm absolutely Was the kitchen a bit dirty? Tt was really Are those sausages tasty? ‘Was that film funny? It was really B A B A B They're absolutely A B A That book seems interesting. B It’s absolutely ‘Were you frightened by the ghost? B We were really Listen and write in the words. Or p00 36 Units Notice the intonation of really or absolutely + strong adjective. NOH \ 1 was really exhausted. = Z Iwas absolutely exhausted. [SansnsEnEEEnnEEnEnSEnEEEESESEnESEEEEEESD | 3. Work with a partner, Practise reading the dialogues in 2 aloud together. Take it in turns to be B. Pay attention to the stress and intonation of really or absolutely + strong adjective. Cree 4 Contractions of will and would 1 Listen to the mini-dialogues. Write fin the box if the answer to the question is inthe first conditional and 2 if the answer is in the second conditional Listen only once and do not stop the tape. (Are you going joasing? oo , oc CL] C@o)ifit (stop) raining. JT think she needs help.) wnt you work a bit faster? ) Can't you work a bit faster? ) (CZ vork) faster if you (pay) me more. f atter? ) (Vout manson 1 CXou (be) angry if I (tel) you ... / *= =. aaasanra vagh) ¢ {He's got a terrible cough.) ae (es. Ifhe (stop) smoking, it (get) better. “Are you going clubbing this evening? ) Yaar ae sie — ia (J (ttthere (be) a football match on T \ \UU (stay) at home. 2 Without listening to the tape, write the two verbs in the correct form under the speech bubbles, according to whether the sentence is in the first or second conditional. Listen again and check your answers. O- .% 3 Can you hear the difference between the contractions ‘Mand d? Itis important to say the contractions correctly. Ifyou need to practise the contraction with will, turn back to page 22 Practise the contraction with would by starting | with the main verb, ik this help her fal ‘d help her lal d help her 1'd help her if she asked me. Practise the other sentences in the same way. 4 Work with a partner. Read the dialogues. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the contractions, 5 Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing Itis easy to confuse -ed and -ing adjectives. When we talk about things, we usually use an -ing adjective. However, when we talk about people we can often use both types of adjective, but the meaning is different. Liston to these sentences. | a Your granny’s disgusted. b Your sister's disgusting. Pee =m (ava Granny feels disgust. In the meaning is: [sister | zy | Your sistr causes disgust 1 Listen and circle the word you hear. a She's always very tired I tiring. Your uncle was fascinated | fascinating. € [felt very bored | boring at the party. Your granny’s a very frightened I frightening woman, e I’m looking for a boyfriend. Is your brother interested | interesting? £ Your aunt was amazed ! amazing when I told her we were getting married. a- 0 Match these replies with the sentences in 1 1 I'mnot sure, I know he likes you a lot. 2. Yes. She offered to organize the whole wedding flowers, food, clothes, honeymoon, everything, Yes. As children, we felt really afraid of her, Yes. He's a wonderful person. Wasn't there anyone to talk to then? Yes. She doesn't get enough sleep. aua O60 Work in pairs. Practise saying the dialogues aloud together. Take it in turns to start. Unit 8 37The sound /3:/ Weak forms with present and past modals Sentence stress with So do |, etc. 1 Adjectives ending in -al, -ful, -able/-ible, and -ous 3 Read the following dialogue and underline all the silables whieh you think ae pronounced vith an /s:f sound. 1 The sound /s:/ 1 Look at the dictionary entries for the words below. earl (s/n the tile ofa British nobleman of high earl ‘rank, See also COUNTESS. furthe | ther ibe ate 4 tort a ree tae further Speco tne re temotefathcr W a sft i Person /pasn/ n (ol peor el on esp in Person — “formal use, persons) = note at reome, (a) a shirt /fst/n a plece of citing made of cotton, ete shirt and worn, esp by men, on the upper part of the Word srs) n 1a) [C]a sound or group of sounds word ing express @ meaning and forms an indopendent What do you notice about the pronunciation of the underlined vowel sounds? o- .00 Listen to these groups of words and circle the A Are all your friends from university working now? one that is not pronounced /s B Nearly. Kirsty’s doing research work at Birmingham girl Ged) bird first University and Shirley’s gone to work as a nurse worm worn world work somewhere in Burma. A Really? That’s adventurous. What about Pearl? B Oh, Pear!’s a civil servant now. She and Kirk live in catly a suburb somewhere, ° o-ra A And how about Dirk? B Oh, haven't you heard about Dirk? He’s working in ‘Turkey as a windsurf instructor! He’s learnt Turkish and he’s earning a fortune ... or so I've heard. advertisement university reserved western nurse bury suburb disturb Jean earn wei Listen again and practise saying the words correctly. Listen and check your answers, @e= p.6@ Listen again and repeat the dialogue, 4 Practise reading the dialogue with a partner. 38 UnitaCirce ce 2 Weak forms with present and past modals THE BIGGEST SURPRISE OF MY LIFE ANGELA MARKHAM, 35, of Leeds, was told five years ago by doctors that she would never have children. But to the delight of Angela and husband Derek (40), six weeks ago she gave birth to a healthy baby boy, Brent. Amazed Angela had not even realized that she was pregnant! 1 What was the biggest surprise of their lives? to Angela and Beth. Mark the boxes below Aif you think they are talking about Angela, Bif you think they are talking about Beth, Eif you think they might be talking about either of them. al —_ believe bf] _ _ big shock i found _ o_ _ very big! dangerous _ changing her mind now ! Complete the gaps, Listen again, if you need to, Read the magazine articles above about Angela Markham and Beth Barlow. Listen to some magazine readers commenting on what happened BETH BARLOW, 17, of Newcastle, last week became the country’s youngest lottery winner when she collected £2.5 million pounds after buying her first ever lottery ticket. Beth who is studying for A-levels and planning to go to university, had left the ticket in her jeans pocket and forgotten all about it. Luckily for her though, Mum Marion emptied her pockets before washing the jeans and checked the numbers on the ticket. Grateful Beth plans to split her winnings 50-50 with her delighted mum! Notice that be, have, and been are usually weak after the modal verbs shown below. ‘They often link together to sound like one word, with some sounds silent: ‘masbu/ musk be believe it must be hard to /mastavbin/ must ave been ... it must have been a big shock /ka:ntavbin/ can't Mave been ... the baby can't have been very big kodavbin: could Mave been ..iteould have been dangerous O10 /mai(t)by might be. she might bo Changing her mind Liston agsin and practise the models 3 Practise saying the full sentences from 2, paying attention to the weak forms and linking. units 39Sentence stress 3 Sentence stress with So do |, etc. 1 Zoe and Rob are on holiday abroad. Zoe hears that Rob is English and they start chatting in a cafe. During the conversation the following topics come up. South London Croydon camping sightseeing the price of accommodation in the city centre how long they've been on holiday Listen to extracts from their conversation, Tick (¥) the topics where they find they have something in common (something they both do or don't do). Cross (X) the topics where they find a difference, Or 2.00 As they discuss similarities and differences, BEEBE You will hear five more statements on the tape. For each sentence, only one of the responses below is grammatically possible. Stop the tape after each statement and read out the correct response, paying attention to the stress. Listen and check your answer in each case. Really? So does mine! Don't worry, I have, Really? We don't. Neither can I! Yes, so do | (Thaven’t got any money with me, / ) Cone worn: Thaw) Dents nor. he. \ You listen You speak (Donte worry, Thaw You listen Osi Work in pairs or groups. Think about the list of things, below. Then tell your partner(s) about: ‘two things you've got two things you haven't got two things you can do two things you can’t do two things you like two things you don't like two things you did last weekend two things you didn’t do last weekend. Your partner(s) will tell you if it’s the same or different for them, using the short responses like the ones above, Pay attention to the stress. I didn’t do any English homework last weekend! (No, neither did Il r notice which words are stressed in the responses. Really? I did! eres J-Reatet iat) iat statement Response for = + Im rom South London, actualy. + Really? Soam! . : = We cant afford the ity contre = Nolther* con we this word can bepronaured | - Response (for ditferences) 2 Pronounc 1: nit) + We're steying ina bed and breakfast. — Oh, we arent Inthis book it | . aba) = We haven't done much sightseeing. + Oh, we have Practise saying the responses above. Unit4 Adjectives ending in -al, -ful, -able/-ible, and -ous 1 Do you know the meaning of all the adjectives below? Circle the odd one out (according to meaning) in each line. Check any unknown words in your dictionary or with your teacher. aGarefu) commercial _ financial b cheerful miserable sociable generous practical sensible d delicious marvellous — wonderful ¢ awful hilarious terrible Om net Sort the adjectives into the correct columns in the table below. [ending in -al ending in -able /-ible ending in -ous Notice that all these endings have weak vowel sounds: ef ef @ i @ fa commercial careful miserable generous Listen and practise the groups of adjectives in your table, pronouncing the endings correctly Om pst 3. Read the clues, Complete the missing adjectives. unsafe the opposite of practical between different countries another word for brave someone who wants to be very successful in their career is the opposite of useless someone who prays a lot is h very, very angry eoaoge a b L| © [aT ] a e f g h Listen and check your answers. Qe p. 6 Add the adjectives to the correct columns opposite and practise the pronunciation. Unit 44The sounds /e/ and /e1/ The sounds /r/ and /1/ Correcting politely Strong and weak forms of prepositions Stress in compound nouns 1 The sounds /e/ and /er/ 1 Listen to these pairs of words, Write 1 next to the t word you hear and 2 next to the second word, d [scent 42 Unit 10 Practise making the sounds. ‘To make the sound /e/, you open your lips wide. | ie! is a short sound. ‘To make the sound /ev/, you say the /e/ sound followed by the /1/ sound. | Say the two sounds separately Then say them slowly together. Say them faster until you can say /e! at normal speed Remember that a diphthong is a bt longer than a single vowel sound. | Practise saying the words in 1 2 Look at the words below. Mark them 1 if they are pronounced with /e/ and 2 if they are pronounced with /ev a (] cigarette £ CJ chain b [7 they ¢ [| leather c [] death h [) days d (] anyone i (| already © () newspaper j (-) racing Listen and check your answers. Or psi Listen again and practise saying the words 3. Make up sentences with as many of the words above in them as possible. Practise saying them correctly. Example Lots of people had already read about the President's leather teddy bear in the newspaper.2 The sounds /r/ and /1/ In American English, ris always pronounced. InBritish English, ris sometimes pronounced and [eae pronounced. where r is pronounced and where itis not pronounced. PETER NEWMAN, the Vicar of St Andrew's Church, — Repton, __in | Nottinghamshire, is. celebrating. He's | crashed his car a total of five times, and he’s turned his instructor’s hair grey. | But finally, after a 17-year course of 632 | lessons, he’s passed his driving test. 2 Now circle the correct rules about British English. '2ris/s not pronounced when it comes before vowel sound. b ris/is not pronounced when it comes before ‘a consonant sound, Opt Fy Listen and circle the word you hear. b They grow / glow at night. Practise making the sounds. ‘To make the sound /r, your tongue should be curled | bsskinvourmout ‘To make the sound /V/, your tongue should touch the top of your mouth behind your front teeth. 4 Practise saying these sentences correctly, Only pronounce the bold rs! Are you finally celebrating? A tractor crashed into her car in the lane. Thave problems with the brake and the accelerator. c're determined to see remote villages. Unit 10 43(Ecce 3 Correcting politely with the Present Perfect Continuous Listen to these short dialogues. B corrects A’s mistakes using stress and intonation. ‘Mark the main stress in what B says like this: Il aA So you've been collecting coins for 10 years B Well, no, actually I've been collecting stamps for 10 years. b A So you've been smoking since you were 16 . B Well, no, actually. I've been smoking since 1 was II © A So you've been driving for 6 years B Wall, no, actually. I've been driving for 6 months. d_A So you've been drinking my beer by mistake B Well, no, actually. Pete's been drinking your beer by mistake. eA So you've been writing poems for 20 years B Well, no, actually. I've been writing poems for 30 years. £ A So you've been relaxing in Prague since April B Well, no, actually. 've been working in Prague Or por since April. Look at the intonation. The first phrase starts high, goes higher on no, and falls and rises on actually. The second phrase rises on the corrected word and falls at the end of the sentence, a Pa . AVS Well, no, actually. I've been collecting stamps for 10 years. To sound polite, your voice should sound soft, not hard. Listen again and repeat B's part, paying attention to stress and intonation. 44 Unit 10 Listen and use the prompts below. Correct the information on the tape, paying attention to stress and intonation, like this: a Paris Well, no, actually. », I've been living in (So, you've been >) living in Rome for \ Wyears : ~ 7 Paris for 10 years, You listen You speak (Well, no, actually.» I've been living in \ eee \ Paris for 10 years. © Friday ayer housework You listen © repairing fall week Os ieee 4 Strong and weak forms of prepositions 1 Look and listen to the strong and weak forms of these prepositions. as at for from of to Strong /ez/ fev) ifs) from) fow/ itu! Weak /oz/ Jat fa) fram’ fav ta Listen again and repeat. 2 Listen and complete these short dialogues, a A How long are you here? B Only ___ another week __ the most. ‘> C What did her mother die ___? oo D I'm not sure, cancer, I think. c E But where did you get the idea? oO F my time atouristin India, [} actually. E And which publisher did yougo ___? Oo F ___ Camford University Press, oO course. Ops3 Remember how the strong and weak forms of these words sound. Listen again and mark the boxes S when the words are strong and W when they are we When are the strong forms used in these dialogues? Oe vr Listen and repeat the dialogues, paying attention to the strong ot weak forms of the prepositions. Work with a partner. Ask and answer the following questions. Pay attention to your pronunciation of strong and weak forms. Imagine you have a grant to study. Which university or college would you like to study at? Imagine you can change your job. Which company would you like to work for? © What would you like to work as? # Imagine you have won an airline competition. Which country in the world would you like to go to? © Where are your parents from? Where were your grandparents from? © Do you have any dreams of doing something or buying something in the future? What do you dream of? 5 Stress in compound nouns Put one word from the box in each space to make three compound nouns. Use the pictures and a dictionary to help you. key chair machine nail rack ~—_ phone a_| washing fax sewing b c | arm wheel push d brush file varnish e | wine roof 7 luggage t board hole ring Which word carries the main stress in each case? Your dictionary will often tell you the stress in compounds, like this: the dictionary shows the stress here ‘= washing machine » an electric machine for sahing lotioe Om p.2 Listen and practise saying the compound. ‘words, paying attention to stress. Unit 10 48The sound /au/ Rising and falling TI The sounds /f/ and /tf/ Understanding fast speech intonation in question tags Transcribing words about city life The sounds /f/ and /t{/ Listen and circle the word you hear twice. \ a sherry cherry wish witch ) ye shin chin e shops chops i we © ships chips F wash watch Listen again and repeat. Op. Practise making the sounds, ‘To make these sounds, your tongue should be high up in your mouth, You don't use your voice. Hf you have problems with /{/, start with /s/ and move your tongue backwards in your mouth. ship wash /A{/ is the sounds /t/ and /{/ said together. Say tham separately, then try saying them together. ship rushing watching catch 46 Unit 14 2. Work in pairs. Read the pairs of words in 1 to your, partner in groups of three, repeating one of the words twice. Your partner must point to the repeated word, 3 Read the following spelling pronunciation rules and think of five examples of your own. ‘Words that are pronounced if are usualy spelt sh, | For example: f . Words that are spelt ch or toh are usually pronounced if. For example: 4 The words below are all exceptions to these sound and spelling rules, Listen and say how the underlined sounds are pronounced Christmas explanation Russian machine What other words do you know that are exceptions like these? Use a dictionary to check the spelling, ne <4 BRERA 100k at the tapescript on page 62. Listen to the words from I again and repeat, paying attention to the pronunciation of the two different sounds. Check the meaning of any new words in the box below. kitchen shelf chewed purchased chased portion Czech merchant chess cherry cheesecake checked shorts shining Porsche chambermaid1 Listen to these tongue-twisters and underline the /f/ sounds. a Which of Shirley Hatchard’s children stole a portion of cherry cheesecake from the kitchen shelf? b Sheila Chariton’s Czech washing machine chewed up Richard Sheridan’s checked shorts. © The rich Turkish sugar merchant purchased a shining Porsche for his Chinese chauffeur to polish, 4 Sasha, the Russian chess champion, chased Sharon, the Scottish chambermaid, round the kitchen, so Sharon showed Sasha the door. Listen again and underline the /tj/ sounds like this mw. @- 2 8. Practise saying the tongue-twisters five times each, Start by saying them slowly and then say them faster and faster. 2 The sound /au/ I In English, many words spelt with ou ot ow are pronounced /av/. Listen to these groups of words and circle the one which is not pronounced /av. a hour sour four flour b tower power shower lower © show now cow how d shout about route sprout town grown brown down @~ 7.02 poo The sound /au/ is a diphthong. Say a long /e/ sound and add a short /u/ sound at the end, Practise saying the words with /av/ from 1. 2 Work with a partner. Put the sentences below into the correct order. There may be more than one possible answer, How many possibilities can you find? a lying// this morning / £50 / I found / in town / on the ground / I was / when b's going to / now / round / Laura / you/ the / house / show ¢ downstairs / shower room / in the / we caught / mouse /little brown /a / this morning d and / they've got / you know / town / country / house / house /a/a © from the / they / to the / tower / ground / cow / of the / lowered / the / window Listen and compare your answers with the tape. @- pa Practise saying the sentences pronouncing the /av/ sounds correctly Unit 11 47Stet hiccke ul Stress and intonation ' 3 Understanding fast speech 1 You will hear six questions that people might ask you in public places, but they are very fast! L- Remember! When you hear people speaking English auickly, you don't always need to understand every word as long as you understand the message. Stop the tape after each question, and think of a possible answer in each case. 2. Listen again and write the number of words you hear in the boxes below (there's = two words). 3. Complete the gaps below, replaying the tape as many times as necessary. ag — —_ » please? b Excuse me, a Se » please? ——__——————EEE cash machine a eQ — far _ _ __? f Excuse me, 4 Listen again and mark the stressed words like this: ll. Could you tell me what time itis, please? ona 5 Practise saying the questions as quickly as on the tape. Pay attention to the stressed words. 48 Unit 11 1 4 Rising and falling intonation in question tags Listen to two people. Which one is sure that he is right? Which one is unsure? How do you know? “THEY DON'T DRE. ON THE LEFT IN wear UNITED STATE: po THEY? THEY SPEAK FRENCH IN PARTS OF CANADA), DONT THEY 2, Question tags with a rising intonation are ‘real’ questions, the speaker is not sure of the answer: 4 aT They don't drive on the left in the United States, do they? If the intonation falls, the speaker is not asking a question, but just asking the other person to agree: —_~ They speak French in parts of Canada, don't they? Remember that the auxiliary verb in the question tag is stressed because it is not with a main verb (see Unit 1), Listen again and practise the two intonation patterns. Complete the gaps below with the correct question tag. a [QU] They don’t drive on the left in Australia, b [_] They speak Portuguese in Brazil, ? © [J St Petersburg used to be called Leningrad, d (] Austria hasn't got a king or queen, _ e [J Scotland's got its own national football team, BREET Listen and check your answers.3 Listen again, Mark the box U if the speaker sounds unsure and $ if the speaker sounds sure. Listen again and repeat. One 4 Use the prompts below to make either positive or negative sentences, depending on what you think the correct fact is. speak / Italian / Switzerland Paraguay / in Africa Amsterdam / capital / Netherlands have got / King / Spain Russian revolution / 1939 Oregon / west coast of America ‘The moon /as big as / Earth New York / bigger / Los Angeles Greenland / independent country j_ seeing « black cat / good luck Add a question tag to your sentence and read it out to the other students, Show through the intonation of the question tag whether or not you are sure of your facts (They speak Italian in > \ parts of Switzerland, don't they?) (Paraguay a ) \\ fant in Africa, 16 it?“ wo 5 Transcribing words about city life 1 Transeribe the missing words below. (Use the list of phonetic symbols inside the front cover to help you, if necessary.) a I's usually very /"kraodid. b Itcan be very /norzi/. ©. There's often lots of /‘nartlaif/ 4 Itcan be /"lounii € There's often a lot of /krasm/. £ There's not much /,grisn 'speis’. g h i ij k 1 There's often a lot of /pa'lu:fv, It’s often very /Tarvli ‘There are lots of /restronts/, /Jops’, and /"Bistaz! Its usually "biz. There's lots of /va'rarati It's not very /pissfl Listen and check your answers. Qe p.63 Practise the pronunciation of any words you find difficult. 2 What do you think about city life? Make notes from the phrases above in the correct column for you. “Advantages | Disadvantages | 1 of city life of city life Not sure jd 3 Listen to three people talking about where they live. Which of the aspects of city life above are they describing? ne Unit 11 49Vowel and diphthong sounds Consonant sounds Showing disbelief Revision of contractions, linking, and weak forms Words with silent letters 1 Vowel and diphthong sounds 1 Tick (W) the correct Jong vowel symbol for each word. a_ working b week d part e talk ae Check your answers Ow Listen and repeat the words and the symbols. 2. Look at the words on the left and circle the correct, short vowel symbol on the right. a son fof IN fo b police == fo! © dog iol IIa d black el fell © good ol I f business Jv fof g rest jel ial Hel Check your answers, Cn Listen and repeat the words and the symbols. 50. Unit 12 3 Circle the correct example word for each double vowel or diphthong symbol, a /ua* tour moan south b lev away night — die © fv out ~—bone-— enjoy d fav chair sky day € /au/ ocean moan now f foo! now telephone south gif’ fire here chair h fea’ near fire wear *This sound is quite rare. People often use /o:/ instead. on 18 Listen again and repeat the symbols and the words GEPETS Listen and check your answers. 2 Consonant sounds 1 Match each voiceless consonant symbol with an example word a ip 1 calm bv 2 child © tk 3 poor d itf 4 photo e 5 tea a) 6 sure giv 7 house hi 8 think it 9 cinema Listen and check your answers. Qe p. 63 Listen again and repeat the symbols and the words2 Write a word from the box next to each voiced consonant symbol. pleasure door strange good —mother man ring fight’ —visitor boy closed nose friend = well» young a fbi i im — bia joi ei k /y/ _ fdgl lw _ eM mit! _ i a iw _ gi = oi hy Listen and check your answers. Qe p.63 Listen again and repeat the symbols and the words un ecco 3 Showing disbelief 1 Listen to the following dialogues. Who does not believe what Elaine said — speaker B or D? How does the stress and intonation show this? A Where’s Elaine today? B She said she had a headache. C Where's Elaine today? D She said she had a headache. O~ 2.3 rc Notice the stress and intonation. To show disbelief when reporting speech, there is a special stress on said and the intonation goes down, like this: Moo She said she had a headache. The intonation in an ordinary reported speech sentenco is like this: o ny She said she had a headache. | Listen again and repeat the replies, paying attention to the intonation 3 Listen to the following dialogues. Cross () B's reply when you think he does not believe what he is reporting. aA What did Ben think of the film? B He said he loved it. b A Why didn't Carol come to the club? B She said she was ill. cA Where did Derek get all that money? B He said his aunt had given it to him. Of 0 dA How’s Emma's diet going? B She said she'd lost five kilos. o € A What's Fiona doing these days? B She said she was working as a waitress. oO fA Will Gemma be at the party? B She said she'd go along later. oO oo 3 Look at these six things that people in an imaginary English class have told you recently. Tick (W) the three that you believe and cross (X) the three that you do not believe. (1 Pitar said she loved grammar. —] Hans said he had a cold last Friday. Luis said he never made vocabulary mistakes Juliette said she didn't have any homework yesterday. 1 Margit said she hated listening exercises. MoO 1 Hisashi said he always did well in exams. Tell your partner about these things. Make it clear from your intonation if you believe what you were told. Your partner should reply appropriately, like this: S ~~ You | Pilar said she loved grammai = Your partner (( jyou believe her? 7” You Yea.) You \ Hane eaid he had a cold last Friday. ) Your partner (Didn't you believe him? You Wea) Unit 1251ce) Src 4 Contractions, linking, and weak forms 1. Rewrite these sentences with contractions. a o Listen and check your answers, I do not like funerals. I have been to three christenings this year. She is not married, He is wearing one striped sock and one checked sock. T cannot wait! ‘They are eating sandwiches Listen again and repeat the sentences. Listen and repeat these sentences with linking, a Not at all That’s how jt always been ‘There's all the food. Isn'jt A pity_Jan’s wearing, pdd socks? ‘Was ever_a bride so pretty? 52 Unit 12 O08 3 Listen to these sentences, Tick (V) the box if you hear the bold s or Cross (X) the box if you don’t hear it. Lo They came from far and near. Doesn't Isabel look sweet? _| He's the best man. Aunt Beryl! | They drank wine_and pints of beer. a b c dC] Find it in the picture. e f g (J Tean't understand, Look at the sentences you ticked. Mark the linking like this: b Doesn't [sabel look sweet? o- 18 Listen again and repeat the sentences with linking and with disappearing rand d where necessary.4 Listen to the poem. What do you notice about the underlined words? Celebration I don't like weddings. not at all, find them just a bore, Atleast, that’s how its always seemed ‘When I've been to them before. There's all those boring relatives ‘That come from far and near, Scoffing little criangular sandwiches, And swigging wine and pints of beer, oy Saying, ‘Don't the bridesmaids all look sweet? ae And, tanita pity Oe ye That the best man’s wearing two odd socks?” Or Was ever a bride so prety?” Buc can't wait for Saturday, Tosee Aunt Beryl's face, sh ‘Cos Cousin Cheryl's marrying A Thing from Outer Space! a ,_ Wills Halt O23 5. Listen again. Practise saying the poem with the tape. Pay attention to your pronunciation of contractions, linking, disappearing ¢ and d, and weak forms. 5 Words with silent letters 1 Listen and cross out the silent letters in these words. a sith e marriage b wreath £ guidance © bouquet g neighbours d knocked h exhausted 2 Listen to some students, Tick (V) the sentence if the underlined word is, pronounced correctly. Cross (X) the sentence if it is pronounced incorrectly. THERE MUST BE SOME MISTAKE. WE DON'T NEED A FRIDGE, _| Sign here, please! She laid a wreath on the grave. The bride held a beautiful bouquet. Someone knocked at the door. (1 Their marriage lasted 40 years. ) Td like some guidance, please. (1) Our neighbours are very nice. T’'m feeling exhausted. nme aoge h O- 78 Listen and repeat the sentences with the correct pronunciation, Unit 12 53Key Unit 1 1 The sounds /s/, /2/, or /t2/? 1 governments computers changes mistakes minutes machines prizes ‘weapons games languages tourists 2 Is! lal governments computers, mistakes machines minutes weapons tourists games fia! changes prizes languages Bald bi cil 5 teaches iz watches fiz! remembers /z/ rises sal tries fal wishes tz! hopes is! fixes (a kisses iz! expects. /s/ drives iz works jsf 2 Consonant clusters with ‘s’ 1 The s at the beginning of words (except sh-) is always pronounced Is! not fa 3 a Tspeak Spanish but unfortunately I don’t speak Swedish. b Steve speaks very slowly, doesn’t he? € Itwas snowing in Scandinavia, 34 key Switzerland, and Spain on Sunday. d_ He started playing sport and has stopped smoking € Stephanie plays squash and goes swimming in her spare time, 3 Word stress and the sound /a/ 20 agriculture e ancient ° competition e medical ° politician ° population ° revolution e scientific e technical e tradition Syllables with the weak vowel sound /9/ are never stressed. 4 Weak and strong auxiliaries 1 aA Have you got any change for this, please? B No, haven't, sorry . b A Oh no~are you closed already? B Yes, Madam, I'm afraid we are, We close at 5.30. © A Iwonder if you can help me. Does Bob Mower still work there? I'm afraid he doesn't he left a long time ago. dA Do you take credit cards? B No, sir, I'm afraid we don’t cheques or cash only. A You know what ~ my boss has got another pay-rise! B He hasn't! Not another one! A He has ~ I don’t know why B 2 a weak b strong a3 e3 b2 £2 o2 23 d3 hl (The correct responses are shown in brackets.) a Do you enjoy cooking? (Yes, actually, I do.) b Does your brother still live at home with your parents? (No, he doesn’t - not any more...) Can you understand any German? (Lean a bit ~ why?) Has your teacher been at this, school for very long? (Yes, she has actually, for about five years.) fe We've got a 200-word composition for homework tonight! (Really? Have we?) £ Can you write English as well as you speak it? (No, I can’t, unfortunately g Unfortunately, both of her parents are dead, (Oh dear, are they?) h Jim can’t come tonight — he’s gota really bad cold again. ‘Oh no — has he? Intonation in Wh- questions a Sofia £ 1789 Austrian g_ Elton John c the USSR h 37 d Dallas i every 28 days e Cervantes j 6 a What’ the capital of Bulgaria? What nationality was Mozart? © Which country sent the first man into space? 4d. Where did President Kennedy die? Who wrote Don Quixote?£ When did the French Revolution start? g Who sang ‘Candle in the Wind"? h How many plays did Shakespeare write? i. How often is there a full moon? j How many wives did the English King Henry VIII have? 2 down 4 EEEEM (The correct answers are shown in brackets.) a Which country won the 1998 World Cup? (France.) bb Who was President of the USA before Bill Clinton? (George Bush.) © Where were the 1996 Olympic Games? (Atlanta, USA.) 4d What's the capital of Chile? (Santiago.) ¢ When did the Berlin Wall come down? (1989) f How many states are there in the USA? (50,) g Who wrote Sophie's World? (Jostein Gaarder.) Unit 2 1 The sounds /i:/ and / Don't sleep now! Here's some cheap oil. What a nice toy ship! Have you got any bins? That peach is OK. Can I have a lick? Seton f 2 h i i noms n The sounds /v/ and /w/ Wi iw leaves words interview woman devoted always gives way believes oneself Intonation in single words my a~ © AeN AWA st aN be with the Present Continuous av av bx ev cx fx Metric numbers A BoC Speeds 5200 kmih Weights 1 “ke oS Lengths 34m 60 (em) 1A Can Thave a quarter of a kilo of those nuts, please? B Certainly. 2A How much is that? B That'll be seventy-five dollars, sir. 3. A How long is the hall where you want this carpet? B Let me see. It’s four metres sixty from the front door to the lounge door. 4. A We were waiting at the airport for eleven and a half hours. B No! 5A Tt was travelling at two hundred kilometres an hour. B Really? Unit 3 1 -ed forms with /t/, /d/, or /1d/ 1 Past Simple Present Simple Past Simple Present Simple Past Simple Present Simple tis difficult to hear the /t/ or /d/ sound before another consonant. ‘They promised not to be late! They always laugh at me. We all agreed with you. Thate the long cold winters. We expected to arrive at about ten. ‘They never remember my birthday. 2 At laughed mixed introduced al suffered enjoyed died refused disappeared ind! created decided hated disappointed Band bi cid menoge eacoe 2 The sounds /0/ and /8/ 1 a. Tony Blair was born on 6th May 1953, b Brigitte Bardot was born on 28th September 1934. ¢ James Dean was born on &th February 1931 Harrison Ford was born on 13th July 1942. € Whoopi Goldberg was born on 13th November 1949. f Mao Tse Tung was born on 26th December 1893. Key 58g Mussolini was born on 29th Tuly 1883 h Elvis Presley was born on 8th January 1938, i Robert Redford was born on 18th August 1937. J Tina Turner was born on 26th November 1938, k_ Mike Tyson was born on 30th June 1966. 1 Vincent Van Gogh was born on 30th March 1853. 3 Weak forms and contractions in past tenses lat dT gr bt eF he eT fr Ra a Their children had invited all their friends round. b Their daughter Emma was dancing on the table. © One of her friends was phoning her boyfriend in Australia, The cat wasn't looking very happy. ¢ Their son Dan was drinking their best brandy. £ Some boys were playing poker. g Some of their friends were watching videos h They weren't listening to any music. i Emma and Dan obviously hadn’t cleaned the house for days. 4 Showing interest through short questions 1 aA Last summer we hitchhiked to Turkey. B Did you? b A Yes, and it only took three days. B Did it? ¢ A We were in Hawaii this time last week. B Were you? dA Mmm. It was absolutely fantastic. B Was it? 56 Key A John and Vera had a lovely holiday in Corfu. B Did they? f A Yes, and John took some lovely photographs B Did he? g A Wespent our holidays in Britain this year. B Did you? h A Yes, but it was more expensive than going abroad. B Was it? d =e oge ! eu fu aA Iwent to New Zealand for my holidays, B Did you? b A My son went to the Cannes film festival last year B Did he? ¢ A When we were in Greece the temperature was over 40°. B Wasit? dA We were in Rio for the carnival last year. B Were you? eA My husband and I met on holiday in Spain. B Did you? £ A Some friends of mine drove all the way to Istanbul. B Did they? Transcribing phonetic script: the arts a theatre g television b jazz h drawing ¢ fiction i literature d biography —j_ opera © poetry k rock music f sculpture 1 photography The hidden message is: What do you like best? Unit 4 1 The sounds // and /d3/ Lat.2 b 2.4 2 dt. a jet... yet b yolk... joke © use... juice 4 jaw... your 4 ii lay) European journalist tune strangers you enjoy younger jacket stupid imagine universal geographical 5 a. Inhis youth, Jerry Josephs, the New York jeweller, used to play jazz on a'German tuba b jplian, jones is jealous of Eunice’s Jaguar, but Eunice jones is jealous of dason’s juzzi and Jason Jones is "ealous of Julian's yacht © That huge green jaguar is the most beautiful jade statue in this museum. : 4 Yesterday George Young stupidly damaged Yolanda {Jenning’s new yellow jeep on a bridge. 2 The sounds /k/, g/, and /w/ 2m a-cot. dcould g whirl b got e wood —h whirl © got f could i girl 3 a Could © - b Would £ Could c — g Could 4 Woulda Could you tell me the time? b Would you lend me a pen? Igod! you open the window? Would you close the door? Igwod! you lend me 50p? Could you read this for me? Could you carry my bag for me? 3 Making polite requests laa dAR BP b e AP BR weap ABUAWA 4 Responding to requests aA Could you give mea light? B Yes, of course! b A Could you give mea light? © A Can you give mea lift to work? B Yes, of course! dA Could you pass me the ketchup? € A Could you lend me £10? B Yes, of course! f A Could you wait for me? 5 Modals of obligation 1 T must email you You should tell him about it. Do you have to go home now? Thave to be there at three. He has to work very hard. Thad to get up at six. 2 Imast/ 2 Modi 2 theeltal 1 Ihestal 2 shedta’ Unit 5 1 The sound /l/ at the end of words lax bv cv dX cx 2 The sounds /n/ and /au/ 2a Mf g fou! b Jo! h Jou ¢ /a0/ i Jol d io! j foul e Io! k foul f /s0/ 1 fo! a not g won't b got h cola © goat i pop d shone j note © shop k shown f hope 1 want a John! It’s Joan on the phone. Qh no! Not Joan! b Its going to snow, Qh. Ewon't xo home then No..? QK then! I'm going. What? .. oh .. please don't go, Polly! d_ He won't shoy me those holiday photos, you know! Why won't he show you them? Tdon't know. 4 Emphatic stress . Sally I'm going to meet Ann, Grandfather. Grandfather You's . . Sam? Who's s 8 e Sally Not Sam— Ann. We're going to play tennis, Grandfather You're going to play with Dennis? And who's . Dennis? - Sally Not Dennis. Tennis. We're going to meet am? . going to play tennis in the park Grandfather You're going to play 7 7 with Dennis and Mark? Who . are all these boys you're going to meet? , , . Sally I'm not going to meet any boys, Grandfather. I'm going . 1 jennis ~ in the park — topl . . with Ann, a gitl .., oh, never . mind ... see you later! . . Grandfather Dennis ...? Mark . . 7 Sam ...? The git!’s going mad! The words are all stressed to give them special emphasis for some reason: Because the speaker is surprised (for example when Grandfather says Sam or Dennis). © Because the speaker wants to correct what the other person is saying (for example when Sally says Not Sam — Ann). Because the speaker is impatient (for example when Sally says I'm not going to meet any boys). ‘Stress and the sound /a/ in word families Verb Adjective Noun arrange — arrangement cancel — cancellation — cultural culture — geographical geography — historical history inform informative information = Tuxurious luxury — popular popularity — touristy tourism arrangement ... arrange caneel ... cancellation cultural ... culture geographical ... geography history ... historical inform ... information informative luxury ... luxurious popuiarity ... popular tourism ... touristy Key 872 Verb Adjective Noun e e arrange — arrangement ° ° cancel — cancellation e e cultural ture e ° s geographical geography e ° — historical history ° ° ° inform informative information ° ° — — tuxuriows —Tuxury e ° — popular popularity e e touristy tourism The stress pattern sometimes changes. 3 Verb Adjective Noun arrange — ‘arrangement caneel — cancellation: cultural culture ie geographical geography = history inform information — —Tuxurious usury _ popular popuiarity (ouristy tourism Unit 6 1 The sounds /n/ and // Look at those fans! She rang up earlier. Were you surprised by the bang? Pd love a win, How do you spell ‘tongue"? This is Ron. ’ noe 3 youngest language singer longer ingredients finger ringing banging youn England 5B Key 2 The sounds /u/ and /u:/ 2 a good food tox b a beautiful cooker © schol uniform aa d_a wooden pulley © Tygsday’s newspapers £ a soyvenir bull g acookery book ha menu for two 3 Showing degrees of enthusiasm Le wee eee de fe 4 Disappearing sounds and word linking lalv dix av 2v 3x 3x biv elx av av 3x 3x clX av 3x 2 a consonant b vowel 5 International food words yoghurt /"jogot ketchup /"ket[ap/ mayonnaise /,meto'newz/ hamburger /‘hambs:ga! chocolate /‘tfoklot! margarine /,ma:d3a'ti:n/ champagne /zem’pein/ a ii oranges /"orind3i2/ pizza /'pistsal sandwich /'senwrd3/ mustard /’mastad/ 1m biscuits /*biskits/ n bananas /ba'na:naz/ Heo om eee ge Unit 7 1 The sounds /e/ and /a/ ran... run sang ... sung rang ... rung swam ... swum began ... begun drank ... drunk iT ran sang rung swum begun drank drank rang has already begun have just swum drank ran x v v meaoge gp cone es sal nee RX 2 The sound /h/ 1 b Have you heard about Hanne’s horrific adventure in Hamburg? Henry's Uncle Herbert has had another heart attack in hospital. Old Harry hasn't eaten his ham and eggs already, has he? € Hazel and Alan have had another unhappy holiday hitch-biking in Austria and Hungary. a Kas... Ker © Kas d Kis... He e Mave Auxiliary verbs in their weak form (has / have), possessive adjectives (his her), and the subject pronoun he in the middle of a sentence often have silent h. (The same thing also happens with the object pronouns him and her.) Without the /h/ sound they can be said more quickly when they are in the middle of a sentence.4 Your veicle sost exibition disonest onest Yeir 3 The weak forms of for 1 ial ifr! forten years for a week or two for two minutes for a long time for five days for a year forsix months for ever for ten years for two minutes for a week or two for five days fora long time fora year for ever for six months 2 Ifalis followed by a consonant: fat] i followed by a vowel. We pronounce the /r/ to link it with the next word. 3 oe a How long have you known her? Oh, I've known her for fourteen years. b How long has she worked here? Oh, she’s worked here for ages and ages. ¢ How long have you had that car? Oh, I've had it for a couple of months. d- How long has he been ill? Oh, he's been ill for four or five days. ¢ How long have they been married? Oh, they've been married for twenty-five years. f How long have your parents gone away for? Oh, they've gone away for a fortnight. 4 Question tags with falling intonation 1 Margaret You went to Manchester University, didn't you? Steve Yes, that’s right. Margaret But you've worked in Canada for the last ten years, haven't you? Steve Yes, I have. w Margaret already knows these facts about Steve. She is only asking to check her information, 4 a You studied computer science at university, didn’t you? b You finished your degree in 1987, didn't you? © You've worked for Banana ‘Computers since then, haven’t you? d_ You went to Canada in 1989, didn’t you? e You've also worked in Australia, haven't you? f You lived in Melbourne, didn't you? 5 Stress in multi-word verbs 2 a Can you pick up the receiver, please? Can you pick the receiver up, please? b Look up the new words in your dictionaries. Look the new words up in your dictionaries. © We had to put off the meeting because of the terrible weather, We had to put the meeting off because of the terrible weather. At bedtime my mother used to make up wonderful stories for us. At bedtime my mother used to make wonderful stories up for us His parents brought up James and his brothers very strictly. His parents brought James and his brothers up very strictly. When multi-word verbs are separated, the preposition is stressed. When multi-word verbs are not separated, the preposition is not stressed, a I think Emma’s gone out with her boyfriend somewhere tonight b Do you get on with your mother-in-law OK? ¢ We're really looking forward to your party — it'll be great to see you! d We've run out of nice bread could you get some more when you go to the shops? € Unfortunately he fell out with his parents last year for some reason - they haven't spoken to each other since then, Unit 8 1 The sounds /s:/ and /au! Tal b2 c2 di e2 i a What a big hall! { b Can I have that bowl? © Shall I sew that for you? d e like that boar! } What a lot of notes! 2 fot foul i law no | four home causes broken } door oldest organization go horse won't i 2 The sounds /b/ and /v/ Would you like a ver? Lonly want the best Shall we take a boat? Hmm, there's something wrong with your vowels. e There are some bats in the | cellar, j aoe Key 59)3 Intonation with really and absolutely 20 e ° hilarious delicious fascinating e ee terrified exhausted filthy a A Are you tired? B I’mabsolutely exhausted. b A Was the kitchen a bit dirty? B It was really filthy. © A Are those sausages tasty? B They're absolutely delicious dA Was that film funny? B It was really hilarious A That book seems interesting, B It’s absolutely fascinating. f A Were you frightened by the ghost? B We were really terrified. 4 Contractions of will and would 1 ‘Il go... stops 2 ‘dhelp... asked 2 ‘dwork.... paid 1 ‘Ilbe... tell 2 stopped ...'d get 1s... Mstay a Are you going jogging? Pll go if it stops raining. b I think she needs hetp. Well, I'd help her if she asked me. © Can't you work a bit faster? Yd work faster if you paid me more. d What's the matter? You'll be angry if I tell you He's got a terrible cough. Yes. If he stopped smoking, it'd get better. f Are you going evening? If there's a football match on TV, Pil stay at home, a b c a e r clubbing this 5 Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing l a She's always very tired. b Your uncle was fascinating, ¢ [felt very bored at the party. 60 Key 4 Your granny’s a very frightening woman, € T'm looking for a boyfriend, Is your brother interested? £ Your aunt was amazing when Told her we were getting married. She's always very tired. ‘Yes, She doesn't get enough sleep. Your uncle was fascinating. 4. Yes. He’s a wonderful person. 1 felt very bored at the party. 5. Wasn't there anyone to talk to then? 4 Your granny’s a very frightening woman, 3. Yes. As children, we felt really afraid of her. € I’m looking for a boyftiend. Is your brother interested? 1 I'm not sure. I know he likes you a lot, £ Your aunt was amazing when told her we were getting married. 2 Yes She offered to organize the whole wedding ~ flowers, food, clothes, honeymoon, everything Unit 9 1 The sound /s:/ 1 All the underlined vowel sounds are spelt differently, but they are all pronounced /:/. 2 tired Jara’ = d_ bury/e/ worn /oi/ e wear /ea/ © western /af 3. A Areall your friends from university working now? B Nearly. Kirsty’s doing research work at Birmingham University and Shirley's gone to work as a nurse somewhere in Burma. A Really? That's adventurous. What about Pearl? B Oh, Peatl’s a civil servant now. She and Kirk live in a suburb somewhere. A And how about Ditk? B Oh, haven’t you heard about Dirk? He's working in Turkey as a windsurf instructor! He's Jearnt Turkish and he’s earning a fortune ... or so I've heard, Weak forms with present and past modals aE bE cB dA eA fB a Tt must be hard to believe what's happened! b It must have been a big shock for her family! ¢ She might never have found the lottery ticket! The baby can’t have been very big! € It could have been dangerous for her and the baby. £ She might be changing her mind about going to university now she’s rich! Sentence stress with So do |, etc. ¥ South London ¥ Croydon % camping X sightseeing © the price of accommodation in the city centre X how long they've been on holiday Zoe Hi, | just heard you talking to the waiter. You're English, aren't you ? Rob Yeah, I'm from South London, actually. Zoe Really, so am I whereabouts? Rob Well, it’s Croydon to be exact. ‘Zoe Yeah? Me too! Which part of Croydon ... ‘Zoe So where are you staying? Rob Santa Marina, just down the coast — we can't afford the city centre, unfortunately. Zoe No, neither can we... it's lovely though, isn't it? Rob Yeah, beautiful ... but really expensive, but it's much cheaper in Santa Marina — we're staying in a bed and breakfast. | |Zoe Oh, we aren't — we're camping. It's really good fun. Rob Really? What's the campsite like ... Rob So are you having a good time? Zoe Yeah, but we've only been here for three days, and so far we've spent nearly all our time on the beach — we haven't done ‘much sightseeing. Rob Oh, we have, we've been here about ten days and we've travelled 2 a Thaven't got any money with me. Don't worry, I have. b My English teacher comes from Australia. Really? So does mine! ¢ [hate all this traffic and pollution! Yes, s0 do I. d In our class we get homework every night. Reaily? We don't. © Ican’t understand this exercise atall! Neither can I! 4 Adjectives ending in -al, -ful, -able/-ible, and -ous 1b miserable delicious © generous hilarious 2 ending in ending in-al able -ible commercial miserable financial sociable practical sensible terrible ending in-ful ending in -ous careful generous cheerful delicious wonderful marvellous awful hilarious 3 a dangerous ambitious b theoretical useful ¢ international g religious d courageous —h furious Unit 10 1 The sounds /e/ and /ev/ d2 1 1 e cE Ree saint ... scent ‘men ... mane cell ... sale d e ft 1 f g h i j noms 2 1 1 2 2 The sounds /r/ and / 2 a is pronounced b isnot pronounced a a nice lake. b They grow at night. © Have you seen my parrot? d_ She's finished her book about glamour e He collected the homework. 3 Correcting politely with the Present Perfect Continuous 1 a A So you've been collecting coins for 10 years B Well, no, actually. I've been collecting stamps for 10 years b A So you've been smoking sinee you were 16 B Well, no, actually. Te been smoking since I was 1] ¢ A So you've been driving for 6 years B Well, no, actually. I’ve been driving for 6 months. 4A So you've been drinking my beer by mistake .. B Well, no, actually. Pete's been drinking your beer by mistake © A So you've been writing poems for 20 years B Well, no, actually: Ke been writing poems for 30 years, f A So you've been relaxing in Prague since April B Well, no, actually. I've been 7 working in Prague since April 2 a So you've been living in Rome for 10 years. Well, no actually. I've been living in Paris for 10 years. b So you've been playing golf for five years. ‘Well, no actually. I've been playing tennis for five years. So you've been decorating the house since Monday Well, no actually. I've been decorating the house since 7 Friday. d So you've been doing the ‘gardening since lunchtime Well, no actually. I've been doing the housework since lunchtime. So you've been washing the car this morning. Well no actually. Lv been repairing the car this morning. £ So you've been revising for exams all day .. Well, no actually. I've been . revising for exams all week 4 Strong and weak forms of prepositions 2 a A How long are you here for? B Only for another week at the most. b © What did her mother die of? D I'mnot sure. Of cancer, I think. ¢ E But where did you get the idea from? F From my time as a tourist in India, actually. E And which publisher did you go to? F To Camford Universi Press, of course, Key 61Baas BW..W bcs DW cES FW..W ES FOWW ‘The strong forms are used when the prepositions are at the end of the sentence. 5 Stress in compound nouns 1 washing a fax | machine sewing | box b phone | card book arm © wheel | chair push brush d nail | file varnish, ¢ roof luggage | board f key| hole ring 2. The first word carries the main stress in each case. This the usual stress pattern in compounds formed with noun + noun, rack Unit 11 1 The sounds /f/ and /t{/ 1 a sherry d witch b chin e chops © ships f wash a sherry ... cherry ... sherry b shin ... chin... chin c ships ... ships ... chips d_ wish ... witch ... witch e. shops ... chops ... chops f wash ... wash ... watch 4 Christmas /k/ Russian /f/ explanation machine /f/ 62 Key Other examples of these © ch=k/ in Christian, chemist's, chaos (words of Greek origin) {Vin pollution, generation, dictionary (words of Latin origin) © ssi= (IV in expression, impression, passion (words of Latin origin) © ch =f in chauffeur, ch champagne (words of F origin) ef rench a Which of Shirley Hatchard'’s ¢ghildren stole a portion of gherry cheesecake from the hen shell? b Sheila Charlton's Czech washing machine chewed up Richard Sheridan's checked shorts, © Therrigh Turkish sugar merchant purchased a shining Porsche for his Chinese chauffeur to polish. 4. Sasha, the Russian ghess champion, chased Sharon, the Scottish chambermaid, round the kitchen, so Sharon showed Sasha the door. The sound /au/ a four /o/ d route /u/ b lower /su/—e-grown /ov/ © show /au/ a T found £50 lying on the ground when I was in town this morning. b Laura’s going to show you round the house now. We caught a little brown mouse in the shower room downstairs this morning. d They've got a town house and a country house, you know. They lowered the cow from the window of the tower to the ground, 3. Understanding fast speech 4 . . a Could you tell me what time it 7 is, please? (9 words) bb Exeltse me, do you know if . there's a post office near here? (13 words) 7 ¢ Can you tell me if there’s a . = phone in here, please? (12 words) d Have you any idea if there's a . cash machine nearby, plese? (12 words) e. Excuse me, do you know how a 7 far it is to the nearest station’ (13 words) . a £ Excuse me, have you any idea . 8 what time this place closes? (11 words) 4 Rising and falling intonation in question tags 3au 4 bs e cs a. They don't drive on the left in Australia, do they? b They speak Portuguese in Brazil, don't they? St Petersburg used to be called Leningrad, didn't it? Austria hasn’t got a king or queen, has it? € Scotland’s got its own national football team, hasn't it? s u 4. The correct information is: ¢ Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands. They've got a king in Spain. € The Russian Revolution was in 1917 £ Oregon's on the west coast of America. & The moon isn’t as big as the Earth.h New York is bigger than Los Angeles (in terms of population). i Greenland isn’t an independent country ~ it's a Danish territory. j_ Seeing a black cat is good luck, according to English superstition, 5 Transcribing words about city life a Itsusually very crowded. b Itcan be very noisy. c There's often lots of nightlife d Itcan be lonely. e There's often a lot of crime. f There's not much green space. g There's often a lot of pollution. fh It's often very lively i. Thete are lots of restaurants, shops, and theatres. j_ Hs usually busy. k There's lots of variety. I Its not very peaceful. nightlife (lively, lots of variety) pollution (crowded) © not much green space a. There are dozens of pubs and clubs - you can stay out all night if you want to! b The worst thing is, it's just so filthy from all the cars... the smoke's terrible ... you feel as if you can’t breathe sometimes. © One thing I miss are all the parks there were in the city where I grew up... there are hardly any parks here, Unit 12 1 Vowel and diphthong sounds 1 a working /s:/ part /a:/ week i: © talk /a:/ © moon /u/ 2 a son Jal © good /o/ b police /a/ F business /v © dog /n/ g rest fe! d black fe fev away ‘ou! enjoy fay! sky /au/ now ‘oul telephone ‘na/ here fea! wear pr me noge aocs rm aoe 2 Consonant sounds 1 a Ip! poor b iti tea g /s/ cinema © /k/ calm h /f/ sure dit{/ child i fh! house e /fi photo 2 a tb/ boy b/d door © /q/ good d (ay strange e f g f /0/ think i /nv man i /n/ nose k fy ring 1 A fight m /t/ friend n /w/ well © fi young ‘vi visitor /8/ mother ia! closed h /5/ pleasure 3 Showing disbelief 1 Speaker B doesn’t believe what Elaine said. On the word said, she uses special stress and her intonation goes down. 2eK ex 4 Contractions, linking, and weak forms 1 a I don't like funeral b I've been to three christenings this year, © She isn’t married, d_ He's wearing one striped sock and one checked sock, fe Lean't wait! They’te eating sandwiches. 3aXx ex bv tx cx gv av d_ Find jt jn the picture. g Toan't understand 4 The underlined words are all weak forms. © byugKex Knock marrikge eMidance ne}Kbouks exKausted v x x v 5 Words with silent letters 1b Yreath eesOxford University Press (Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 60F Oxford New York Athens dAvckland Bangkok Bogots Buonas Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dares Salasm Osihi Florence Hong Kong Istanou! Karachi Kuala Lumpur Magri Melbourne Mexico Cty Mumbst Nairobi Paris SeoPaulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto. Warsaw ane associated companies in Bertin Ioaden ‘oxrono end oxrono enous are rede marks of (Oxtord University Press IsBN 019 4362450 (© Oxford University Prose 1998 ‘Second imoression 2000 [No uncuthorized photocopying {All rights reserved. No pat of tis publication ‘may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, Or transmitted, in any form oF by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying recording oF ‘otherwise, without the prior written permission oF Oxiord University Press This book is Sold subject tothe contin that it shal ‘ot. by way of trade or otherwise, be let, sold, hired fut oF otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding oF cover other ‘han that i which tis pubishee and without a similar condition inclucing this condition being imposed on ‘the subsequent purchaser Printed in Hong Kong eee Acknowledgements ‘The authors would lke f0 acknowledge their debt to ‘the writers of various standard pronunciation relerence books, especialy: ‘Ann Baker introducing English Pronunciation [A.C Gimson A Practical Course of English Pronunciation Jeanne Kenworthy Teaching English Pronunciation Colin Mortimer Eloments of Pronunciation P Roach English Phonetics and Phonology mustrations by Kethy Baxendale (33) Bret Brockon (28, 45) James Grins (11, 15,23, 30,35), “Jeanne Keer (17) Nigal Paige, 10,11, 16. 18, 19,20, 21,22, 25,24. 25,25, 27, 30,31, 33,36, 35,37, 38,4243, 48,47, 8, 52,53) Kath Walker (13) ‘The publisher would tke to thank the following {or their permission to reproduce photographs: ‘Art Directors & TAIP Pnoto Library (38) ‘Camora Prose La (18 Bardot, Tung) The Image Bank 40) Popperiato (18 Blair, Redtord Frank Spooner Pictures Ltd (15 Goldberg) Commissioned photography by: Paul Freestone Froslance art editor: Mandy Twels| Design by: Holdswonth Associates se of Wight Gover design by: Rowe Christopher ‘The authors and publisher are grateful to those who have given permission 1 reproduce the following acts and adaptations of copyright materia: ‘Colbraton’ by Willis Hall reproduced by permission of Alexandra Cann Representation. | j | |