Smart Uses of Data in

Smart Grids

Mladen Kezunovic
Texas A&M University, USA

Keynote Lecture
ISGCE 2013
Jeju Island, Korea
July 8, 2013
Outline

• Background
• Data Properties
• Translational Knowledge
• Implementation
• Q/A

2
 Data “Explosion”
The Business value of data
Integrative view
Technology landscape

BACKGROUND
M. Kezunović, J. McCalley, T.J. Overbye, “ Smart grids and beyond: Achieving the
Potential of Electricity Systems,” Invited Paper, IEEE Proceedings, Vol.100, Special
Centennial Issue, pp.1329-1341, May 13 2012.
 Intelligent Grid
Technology Hype Cycle
visibility
Provider Energy Storage
Advanced Distribution Combined Heat and Power Controllability
Management Systems Customer Gateways
CIM-Driven Integration Standards
Home-Area Network
Distributed Generation Advanced Metering Infrastructure Residential/Domestic
Observability
Consumer Energy Storage
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Active RFID for Utilities
Vehicle
Business Process Demand Response
Management for Energy

Smart Appliances Passive RFID for Utilities

Web 2.0 for Utilities Advanced
Broadband Over Power Lines
Metering LC&I
Phasor Measurement Advanced
Units Intelligent Electronic
Distribution Devices
Protection and
Restoration
Devices
Process Data Historians
RF Networks for Utility Field Applications

As of June 2008

Plateau of
Peak of Slope of Enlightenment
Technology Trigger Trough of Disillusionment Productivity
Inflated Expectations
time
Years to mainstream adoption:
obsolete
less than 2 years 2 to 5 years 5 to 10 years more than 10 years before plateau
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The business
value of data
 Integrative view

Data
Technologies

Application
Solutions

Integrating smart,
wise, intelligent,
Business Cases
future, modern,
perfect, empowered
 10 IT technologies
in 2013
• Mobile devices
• Mobile Apps and HTML5
• Personal Cloud
• The Internet of Things
• Hybrid IT and Cloud Computing
• Strategic Big Data
• Actionable Analytics
• Mainstream In-Memory Computing (IMC)
• Integrated Ecosystems
• Enterprise App Stores
 Future Electricity Grid
Grid Events
Operating States
Temporal and Spatial Aspects
Data Types

DATA PROPERTIES
M. Kezunović, A. Abur, “Merging the Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Data and
Information for Improved Power System Monitoring Applications,” IEEE Proceedings, Vol.
9, Issue 11, pp 1909-1919, 2005.
Future Electricity Grid
 Grid Events

Power System States Contacts Switching Models Reflecting

Causing Changes Various States

Power flow and State

Circuit Breaker Switching estimation

Steady State
Short circuit calculation

Auto-reclosing Sequence

Time domain EMTP

Transients

Switching by Various
Controllers (FACT, etc.) Stability (transient,
voltage, small signal, etc)
Dynamics

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 Operating States

System and Market Operating States

Market
Type Configuration
Parameters

All MPs active

Normal Within Limits
Complete config.

All MPs active Parameter(s)

Emergency
Complete config. violate the limits

Structure
Restorative Within limits
incomplete
*MPs (Market Participants) include generator
companies, transmission owners, load serving entities
and other non-asset owners such as energy traders.

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 Time and space

Local events sensed by Global events sensed by wide-

substation equipment Correlating area measurement system
space and time
matters
Faults Stability
(various
types)

Changes in
switching Models to data Frequency
state match and voltage

Out of step Cascading

(between events
equivalents)

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Temporal Issues

©2012 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved

 Temporal Issues

Data with different time perspectives

Past Present Future

Data with different time perspectives

Historical Data Real-time Data Planning Data

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 Temporal Issues

Difference between time correlation

Scanning (relative) Synchronous Sampling

Time Stamping
(absolute)

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 Temporal Issues

Phasors in Relaying
Phasors in Monitoring
(triggered sampling)
(continuous sampling)

Measurements through moving

data window

Relay calculated
phasors
Compare with settings

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 Spatial Issues

Uses of data: driven by applications

IEDs data PMUs data Other data

format format format

Synchro-phasor
data format
COMTRADE Naming
data format Convention
Synchro-
sampling data
format

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 Spatial Issues

Broad (system-wide)

Local (substation-wide)

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 Spatial issues
(System wide)
Inter-station
(
General Communications
(IP-based schemes)

Intra-station

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Spatial issues (local)
Markets

Oil and Electricity Monthly Average Price

90,00

80,00

70,00

60,00

50,00

40,00

30,00

Jan-05
Mar-05

May-05

Jul-05

Sep-05

Nov-05

Jan-06

Mar-06

May-06

Jul-06

Sep-06
IPEX baseload (euro/MWh) Brent (euro/bbl) WTI (euro/bbl)
Animals

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GIS and GPS
Weather
 Sampled data
Synchrophasor Data
Operational/nonoperational data
Big Data

TRANSLATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
 Case studies

Application Temporal Spatial Model

Synchronized or
Power System
Optimal Fault unsynchronized Local and system-
Network for short
Location phasor or sample wide
circuit study
vector
Synchronized or Petri-Net Logic for
Intelligent Alarm Substation and
unsynchronized cause-effect
Processing system-wide
phasors representation
Inherently
Power system
Adaptive Fault Synchronized
Local model for training
Detection and sample vector
pattern clustering
Classification

©2012 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved

 Fault Location

• Phasor based Methods

Use fundamental frequency component of o Single end
the signal and lumped parameter model o Double end
• Time-domain based Methods
Use transient components of the signal and o Synchronized
lumped or distributed parameter model o Unsynchronized
• Traveling wave based Methods
o Phasors
Use correlation between the forward and
o Samples
backward travelling waves along a line or
direct detection of the arrival time
Alarm Processor
Inherently adaptive
event detection

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©2012 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved
Big Data and Analytics
 Cyber-Physical security
Privacy
Standardization
Testing and certification

IMPLEMENTATION
M. Kezunovic, et al., "Smart Grid Barriers and Critical Success Factors," Chapter on Smart
Grids: Infrastructure, Technology, and Solutions, Stuart Borlase, Editor, CRC Press, 2012
Cyber security
Privacy
The role of standards
Interoperability
 Standards Landscape
for synchrophasors

©2013 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved

 Why Testing and
Certification Matters
Procedure: how to test?

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©2013 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved
 Why T&C Matters

Process: how to certify?

©2013 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved

 FYI
Smart grid center:
http://smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/sgc/
EV-TEC:
http://ev-tec.org
PSerc:
http://www.pserc.org
ARPA-E:
http://smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/ratc/
Smart Energy Campus Initiative:
http://smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/seci/
Q/A Q/A

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 Thank you!

Mladen Kezunovic
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Texas A&M University
College Station, U.S.A.
kezunov@ece.tamu.edu
http://smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/pscp_kezunovic/

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