“THE NEGATIVE PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF HOMOSEXUALITY AMONG THE

GRADE 10 LEARNERS OF ILOCOS NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL”

A Simple Descriptive Research

Submitted to the Faculty of the Ilocos Norte National High School, Basic Education
Curriculum.

In Part Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject, English 10, School Year 2018-
2019.

By:

KRISTINE JOY P. CORPUZ

JOYCES B. DOMINGO

ZEUS ANDREW G. TABANGIN

GRADE 10-Pisces

April 2019
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this research to the next batch of Ilocos Norte National High School and
to our parents who supports us in making this research paper. We are hoping that this research
can help students in assignments, activities etc.
We also dedicate this research to our beloved English teacher Mr. Harold Domingo
whom also supports us in making this research paper we are very thankful to him because without
his presence and guidance this research will never exist. He was always their to remind us to do
our research paper.
We also dedicate this research to ourselves who work on this research, we sacrifice a
lot for this so we an hoping that the students who will use this will help them a lot.

KRISTINE,JOYCES,ZEUS
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we wanted to thank god, he was the one who guide us in our everyday life we
are very thankful to the person who helped and encourage us in making this research especially
Mr. Harold Domingo who sometimes scolded us but despite all that we are very thankful to him
because now we realize he does those things for us to be serious in making this research. He’s
right, it’s not easy. Without him and his everyday reminders, this research will never exist.

We are also very thankful to our parents who supports us and always right there whenever
we have problems.

The Researcher’s
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Objective of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Legal Basis

Related Studies

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Sampling Design

Data Gathering Tools

Statistical Treatment

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS,AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENMDATIONS

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

References

CURRICULUM VITAE
LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A- LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL

Appendix B-LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

Appendices C-QUESTIONNAIRE

Appendices D-TABULATION OF DATA

Appendices E-LIST OF RESPONDENTS

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In our generation today, homosexuals have been widely accepted by them a majority may
it be a gay or a sex relationships" in our society. But controversies and arguments arise when
homosexuals started proposing the idea of legalizing "same-sex marriage". The issue on legalizing
same-sex marriage has been going on for decades. It has received a lot of objection and opposition
since it contradicts the accustomed meaning of marriage as a "union between a man and a woman".
Though there have been few countries which have approved or have begun to legally formalizing
marriage between same sex marriage like Canada, Italy and etc. Still the majority of countries do
not recognize this kind of marriage. The researchers pond this issue because it has always been an
informal situation in the society. It is a fact that homosexuals are common subject of discussion
among genders and up until now, they are not well accepted in their own living environment and
are discriminated. It is very interesting and controversial that led the researchers to study the said
issue.

United States have followed and provided registries for same-sex partnerships and grant
them certain rights. The Philippines is one of the most Catholic or church influenced country in
the world. It has always been a marriage has usually been a commitment between the male and
female. But nowadays, various countries around the world recognize the union between same
sexes. In many cultures the issue of same sex marriage has ignited a firestorm of controversy in
the press and living rooms. Same-sex love, as Plato's symposium shows, is as ancient as human
love, and the question of how it is recognized and understood has overwhelmed every human
civilization. And today in a number of foreign countries, laws extending civil marriage to gay and
lesbian couples have been enacted. In 2001 the Netherlands opened civil marriage to gay couples
and allowed them to adopt children as well. Belgium followed suit in 2003, although it did not go
as far as the Netherlands: gay couples have no adoption rights in Belgium. Most other European
countries only allow for some kind of registered partnership with some degree of protection. By
now most legal systems in Europe provide some kind of status, even in Catholic countries like
Spain. Some states of the cited in keeping the laws of God. The criticism of same sex unions have
also gone beyond debates and discourse for the past. Many Filipino homosexual’s has been
protesting for their freedom rights to consider the union between same sex relationships. Until
now, the government has no grant given for this plea. According to the family code of the
Philippines or executive order 209, ―Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between
a man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and
family life." Not meeting this requirement will make the marriage invalid. The expectations for
the study are to lead to more open-minded student sand for them to be or knowledge, and to know
the status of the legalization of same sex marriage in our
country.(http://www.chanrobles.com/executiveorderno209.htm).
 The researchers chose this topic that was gathered in I Hub library to search some issues
regarding the homosexuality and information to make a rows of data .They made a questionnaire
as an instrument and they started to conduct a research. The researchers questionnaire is about the
negative physical effects of homosexuality. It was consulted to Mr. Harold G. Domingo of English
10 to counter sign, then next is they consulted the head teacher of English 10 at Ilocos Norte
National High School in English Department, after that they went to the Principal’s Office to be
signed by Mr. Jerry V. Carreon as the Ilocos Norte National High School Principal. Since, they
are already done constructing and signed what does the teacher instructed them to, the
questionnaire was produced into 50 copies of it to be answered by the respondents which is the
Grade 10 learners of Ilocos Norte National High School.

In conclusion, the researcher’s made it to test the minds of the Grade 10 learners about the
negative physical effects of homosexuality.

Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study aims to know the negative physical effects of homosexuality.

1. Find out their knowledge on negative physical effects of homosexuality

2. Identify the causes of Homosexuality.

3. List of the effects of Homosexuality.

4. Know the different ways on how to prevent homosexuality.

5. To enumerate the negative physical effects of homosexuality.

6. To enumerate the negative social effects of homosexuality.

7. To enumerate the negative mental effects of homosexuality.

8. To enumerate the negative emotional effects of homosexuality.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this research seeks to answer the various queries of negative physical effects of
homosexuality. This study particularly answers the following questions.

1. What is homosexuality?

2. What are the negative physical effects of being a homosexuality?

 3. What are the negative social effects of being a homosexuality?

4. What are the negative mental effects of being a homosexuality?

5. What are the negative emotional effects of being a homosexuality?

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The study was conducted on the 4th quarter, School Year 2018-2019 at Ilocos Norte
National High School among the Grade 10 Junior High School students. The researchers made use
of a checklist which serves as their research instrument.

Significance of the Study

Knowing the negative physical effects of homosexuality to spread awareness in our

country.

Students. This study will help them to be more aware that being a homosexual is not a sin.
It helps them to understand that every individual should be respected and should be treated equal.

Teachers. This study will help them give importance and acknowledge the rights of
homosexuality.

Parents. This study will help them understand that being a homosexual is not the reason
to discriminate their own child. It help them to be more aware that being a homosexual is not a
course nor a disease.

Citizens. This study will help them know that every individual needs respect even though
they are homosexuals.

Professionals. This study will help them improve their knowledge of being a homosexual.
It also helps them to understand the importance of being a homosexual.

Definition of Terms

Asexual
Adjective describing lack of sexual attraction to either gender. This may be the result of
biological or sociological factors.

Bisexual
Describing emotional and erotic attraction to both males and females. Someone truly
bisexual never knows from what direction his attraction will come whether from the curvy
 girl in front of him in the check-out line or from the muscular man who is bagging his
groceries. True bisexuality appears to be far more rare than a homosexual orientation.
Celibacy (n.)
Referring to someone who abstains from sexual intercourse, especially for religious
reasons. (A person may be celibate while enjoying warm personal relationships, including
loving touching, hugging, etc., without sexual overtones.)

Chaste (adj.)
Term properly used to refer to confining the practice of sex to a heterosexual marriage
relationship. Thus, both single and married people may be said to live lives of chastity
(noun). The term also implies purity of thought, which would exclude off-color jokes and
sexual fantasies, and that is the biblical ideal. (Unfortunately, in the day community, the
term 'chastity' has taken on a wholly different meaning, referring to a pattern of sexual
practices.) Abstinence from sexual intercourse.

Cross dressing
Refers to practice of dressing in clothing typically associated with the opposite gender --
generally men dressing in women's clothing, since in our culture women often dress in
clothing practically indistinguishable from men's wear.
This is sometimes practiced by heterosexual men for sexual stimulation. Such behavior
may be rooted in early life experiences. It is also practiced by transsexuals because they
feel more comfortable in such clothing. (To them the clothing of their own apparent gender
feels "wrong.")

Gay
Term used instead of homosexual by most homosexually oriented persons as an adjective
describing emotional and erotic attraction to persons of one's own gender, as in "I've come
to the conclusion that I'm gay."
This term seems to mean different things to different people. We have noted that lately this
term has been used by ex-gay ministries to refer to politically active homosexual
individuals, and that puts a wholly different connotation on the term.

Gay lifestyle
Term may be used to refer to a lifestyle that includes the frequenting of gay bars and clubs
and promiscuous sex. Gay people who are in a monogamous relationship object to this
term being applied to them.

Heterosexual
1. Adjective describing a person emotionally and erotically attracted to persons of the
opposite gender. According to the biblical account, this was God's original design for
humanity
2. Noun describing persons emotionally and erotically attracted to the opposite gender,
whether or not they engage in sexual acts.

Homophobia (noun)
 1. Term that describes the fear of homosexuality. Perhaps a better Term than "fear" is the
feeling of revulsion that heterosexually oriented Adventists are likely to feel towards
the subject of homosexuality, with that revulsion being extended towards brothers or
sisters
2. In the faith who may have a homosexual orientation. (The Bible makes a clear
distinction between sin and sinners; so should we. Also see "
3. This term is sometimes incorrectly used to label any moral judgment of same-gender
sexual practices.

Homophobic (adjective)
1. An adjective that describes someone who is so revolted by the thought of
homosexuality that s/he cannot relate to homosexually oriented persons as brothers and
sisters in Christ. (This type of thing has driven many homosexually oriented Adventists
out of the church in despair.)
2. Incorrectly applied to Adventists or other Christians who understand that the God
invented sex for the particular enjoyment of persons bound together for life in the holy
covenant of marriage.

Homosexual
1. Adjective describing emotional and erotic attraction to persons of one's own sex, as in
"homosexual orientation."
2. Noun describing persons emotionally and erotically attracted to their own sex, whether
or not they engage in sexual acts.
3. (Principally conservative Christian definition) adjective describing a person who
engages in same-gender sex; adjective describing anything related to same-gender sex
4. (Principally conservative Christian) noun describing a person who engages in same-
gender sex
Editor's comment: The fact that most of the world uses Definitions 1 & 2 while
conservative Christians use definitions 3 & 4 causes much communication.

Homosexual lifestyle
Euphemism often used by Adventists and other conservative Christians to refer to same-gender
sexual activity. There is no actual "lifestyle" that is common to all homosexually oriented persons.
It would be better to refer to "homosexual sex" if that is what is meant.

Homosexuality (n.)
1. Condition of being emotionally and erotically attracted to persons of one's own sex,
whether or not this attraction is acted out sexually.
The causes of homosexuality are not known, but appear to have different roots in
different people. There is a body of evidence indicating that it may result from a
complex interaction of biological and sociological factors whose influence is felt so
early in life that most persons affected feel that they have been born that way.
2. Sexual activity between persons of the same sex. This usage is no longer used by
society at large but is common among conservative Christians, including Adventists,
who make no distinction between sexual orientation and sexual behavior.
Intersexuality
Condition in which biological sex not immediately identifiable as male or female.
Individuals affected may have combination of genitalia (penis and ovaries), lack
"corresponding" organs (penis but no testes, ovaries but no vagina), or have genitals
cosmetically out of the norm (enlarged clitoris). This term encompasses what used to be
called a hermaphroditic condition as well as other conditions which prevent clear
expression of sexuality as either male or female. While in the past, surgery was performed
in order to make an infant’s body conform to an assigned sex -- male or female -- opinion
regarding the advantages of such surgery is now sharply divided.
Lesbian
Adjective or noun used to refer to a woman with a homosexual orientation, as in "Marie
feels has concluded that she has a lesbian orientation."
Same-sex-attracted (SSA)
Adjective often preferred by Christians instead of "gay." It means being attracted to the
same sex, whether or not this is acted out.
Same-sex attraction (SSA)
Noun used by conservative Christians instead of "gay" to refer to attraction to the same
sex. Stanton Jones and Mark Yard house made a "three-tier distinction between same-sex
attraction, a homosexual orientation, and a gay identity." The terminology is currently
(2010) becoming more popular.
Same-gender-attracted (SGA)
Term used by some instead of "same-sex-attracted." The term was popularized by the
Bridges-Across-the-Divide website. Currently (2010), SSA is more popular than SGA.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Legal Bases

Homosexual activity is not prohibited by law in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC) (ILGA May 2010, 49; Belgium 12 Oct. 2009; African cultures 5 May 2009; US 11 Mar.
2010, sec. 6). However, some sources indicate that homosexual relationships can be criminalized
under the public decency provisions in the Congolese Penal Code (African cultures 5 May 2009;
ILGA et al. n. d.). Article 176 of the Congolese Penal Code reads as follows: [translation] "A
person who engages in activities against public decency will be liable to a term of imprisonment
of eight days to three years and/or fined twenty-five to one thousand money [former currency]"
(DRC 1940). According to a written response by the Minister of Development Cooperation
(Cooperation au development) in Belgium to a question from a member of the Senate (Senator),
[translation] "in practice, prosecution for homosexuality is very rare" in the DRC (Belgium 12 Oct.
2009). Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research
Directorate.

However, in October 2010, a bill that would criminalize homosexuality was presented in
the Parliament of the DRC (BTM 3 Nov. 2010; June Africa 22 Oct. 2010; AFP 25 Oct. 2010). The
National Assembly (Assemblée national) deemed the bill admissible (BTM 3 Nov. 2010). Behind
the Mask (BTM) reports that, according to the President of Group (GHB), an organization that
defends the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people in the DRC,
the bill was sent to the socio-cultural committee (committee socio culture), which is responsible
for ensuring that it does not violate the Constitution (ibid.). BTM is a non-governmental
organization (NGO) founded in Johannesburg in 2000, and its website covers news about LGBTI
people in Africa. In correspondence sent to the Research Directorate on 28 February 2011, the
President of GHB said that the bill could be examined during the June 2011 parliamentary session.
Under this bill, people who engage in homosexual activity could be sentenced to 3 to 5 years in
prison (Human Rights Watch Jan. 2011) or fined 500,000 Congolese francs [500,000 Congolese
francs (CDF) = 500 Canadian dollars (CAD) (XE.com 21 Feb. 2011)] (BTM 3 Nov. 2010; Jeune
Africa 22 Oct. 2010). Members of associations that defend the rights of homosexuals could also
face prison sentences (Human Rights Watch Jan. 2011).

Treatment of homosexuals by society

In correspondence sent to the Research Directorate on 28 February 2011, the President of

GHB said that, in general, society favor criminalizing [translation] "acts against nature."
Homosexuality is still taboo in the DRC (Belgium 12 Oct. 2009; The New York Times 5 Aug. 2009;
US 11 Mar. 2010, sec. 6). In a telephone interview with the Research Directorate on 21 February
2011, the Secretary General of the Centre for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (Centre des
droits de 'homme et du droit human , CDH), an NGO founded in Lubumbashi in 1993 (CDH n.d.),
said that homosexuals in the DRC are not open about their sexual orientation (ibid. 21 Feb. 2011).
Moreover, according to the authors of an article on homosexuality in the DRC published by
African cultures, whose offices are in France and which publishes a magazine on African art and
culture (African cultures), there are no public places for homosexuals in the capital city of Kinshasa
(5 May 2009).

For the Minister of Development Cooperation in Belgium, [translation] "homosexuality is

not socially accepted and... is absolutely denied" in the DRC (Belgium 12 Oct. 2009). Similarly,
the Africa cultures article indicates that [translation] "the vast majority of the population is
extremely hostile" toward homosexuals (ibid. 5 May 2009). According to GHB, [translation]
"discrimination against LGBTI individuals is widespread, and they are often rejected by their
communities" and are subjected to threats, retaliation, insults and social exclusion (10 Dec. 2009).
BTM provides similar information and reports that openly homosexual individuals "are abused by
their relatives" and that "hostile acts [toward homosexuals] are not isolated" (BTM 7 Oct. 2009).
The BTM article cites the cases of an adolescent whose parents stopped paying his tuition after
discovering that he was gay, a young man whose family was "morally threatened for months"
because of his homosexuality, and a homosexual man who was threatened by his neighbored
because of his sexual orientation and was forced to move (ibid.). A document published by GHB
on 10 September 2010 highlights the case of a young lesbian woman; Christians in the village of
I in South Kivu [translation] "planned to kill" the woman because of her sexual orientation. The
plan was not carried out after the territorial administrator intervened, but the young woman and
her partner [translation] "became undesirables in their village" (GHB 10 Sept. 2010). However,
according to Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2009, which is published by the
United States Department of State, in 2009, there were no reports of social discrimination based
on sexual orientation in the areas of employment, housing, education or health care (US 11 Mar.
2010, sec. 6).

Treatment of homosexuals by government authorities

Information on the treatment of homosexuals by government authorities was scarce among

the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. According to Country Reports, in 2009, there
were no reports of police harassing homosexuals or perpetrating violence against them (ibid.).
However, in December 2009, GHB reported that LGBTI individuals were arrested or arbitrarily
detained and denied justice, and that they complained [translation] "of not being listened to or
made to feel safe" by law enforcement personnel; however, the GHB article does not mention a
specific case (10 Dec. 2009). Nevertheless, in its article on the young lesbian woman in, GHB
states that the territorial administrator of GHB, informed the Congolese National Police, the
National Intelligence Agency and the Armed Forces (Forces army) about the plot and warned the
Christians that if anything happened, the guilty parties would face legal repercussions (GHB 10
Sept. 2010).

Support services

The Secretary General of the CDH in Lubumbashi said, in a 21 February 2011 telephone
interview with the Research Directorate, that there are no support services for homosexuals in the
DRC. According to African cultures, organizations that help homosexuals in the DRC instead
organize meetings and outings and [translation] "are practically inactive when it comes to helping
homosexuals rejected by their families or in the fight against AIDS" (5 May 2009). The President
of GHB said that his organization, which is located, in South Kivu, is the only support service for
homosexuals in the DRC (GHB 28 Feb. 2011). Founded in 2008, GHB is recognized under the
Decree of 29 January 1999 respecting non-profit organizations and organizations that serve the
public (Secret du 29 have 1999 important des associations sans but lucrative et des establishments
un title public) in the DRC (ibid.). Among other services, GHB helps make NGOs in, aware of the
issues pertaining to LGBTI individuals, offers training to LGBTI individuals on such topics as
human rights and sexual health, reports human rights violations against LGBTI individuals, and
offers legal and judicial assistance to LGBTI individuals (ibid.). Notably, over a few days in late
2010, GHB held a seminar for [translation] "10 peer educators, health mediators and paralegals
who support the LGBTI community" (GHB 30 Dec. 2010). In 2010, GHB received a grant of
8,900 Euros (EUR) (8,900 EUR = 12,016 CAD [XE.com 25 Feb. 2011]) from the Finnish NGO
Foundation for Human Rights an NGO founded in Finland in 1998 to promote human rights in
developing countries. The Fund for Global Human Rights (FGHR), a non-profit organization
located in Washington D.C., also gave a grant of $10,000 dollars to GHB. In addition, GHB
participates on the working group against the bill criminalizing homosexuality, which is made up
of various Congolese organizations and also receives support from organizations based in other
African countries "that have more experience" (BTM 3 Nov. 2010).

This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently
available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not
purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Please find
below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request. (http://www irb-
cisr.gc.ca/en/,March 2, 2019)

Epigenetic theories of homosexuality

Concern the studies of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms
other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence, and their role in the development of
homosexuality.[1][2][3] Epigenetics examines the set of chemical reactions that switch parts of the
genome on and off at strategic

times and locations in the organism's life cycle. However, epigenetic theories tangle a multiplicity
of initiating causes and of resulting final effects and will never lead to a single cause or a single
result. Hence, any interpretation of such theories may not focus just one isolated reason of a
multiplicity of causes or of effects.[4]

Instead of affecting the organism's DNA sequence, non-genetic factors may cause the organism’s
genes to express themselves differently. DNA in the human body is wrapped around histones,
which are proteins that package and order DNA into structural units. DNA and histone are
covered with chemical tags known as the epigenome, which shapes the physical structure of the
genome.[5] It tightly wraps inactive genes on the DNA sequence making those genes unreadable
while loosely wrapping active genes making them more expressive. The more tightly wrapped
the gene, the less it will be expressed in the organism. These epigenetic tags react to stimuli
presented from the outside world. It adjusts specific genes in the genome to respond to humans'
rapidly changing environments. The idea of epigenetics and gene expression has been a theory
applied to the origins of homosexuality in humans. One team of researchers examined the effects
off epi-marks buffering XX fetuses and XYfetuses from certain androgen exposure and used
published data on fetal androgen signaling and gene regulation through non-genetic changes in
DNA packaging to develop a new model for homosexuality.[6] The researchers found that
stronger than average epi-marks, epigenomes that are wrapped tightly around the DNA sequence,
convert sexual preference in individuals without altering genitalia or sexual identity.[7] This
research gives support to the hypothesis that homosexuality stems from the under expression of
certain genes on the DNA sequence involved with sexual preferences. This theory as well as
other concepts involved with epi-marks, twin studies, and fetal androgen signaling will be
explored here. (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Data on sexual orientation and gender identity should be collected in federally

funded surveys administered by the Department of Health and Human Services
and in other relevant federally funded surveys

The need for demographic data is reflected in the above research agenda. Collecting data
on sexual orientation and gender identity in federally funded surveys would generate these data.
While the Department of Health and Human Services administers a number of surveys that relate
directly to health, other federal agencies also administer surveys that could provide information on
a number of dimensions that affect health. For example, recognizing the interaction between social
and economic circumstances and health, data from social and economic surveys could provide
valuable information on the context for health disparities experienced by LGBT people. Similarly,
surveys on crime and victimization, housing, and families would provide data on variables that
relate to the health of sexual and gender minorities.

Like race and ethnicity data, data on sexual and gender minorities should be included in
the battery of demographic information that is collected in federally funded surveys. This data
collection would be aided by the development of standardized measures for sexual orientation and
gender identity.

In contrast to surveys that collect data at a certain point in time, longitudinal studies allow
for the collection of data over a period of years. At NIH, data on sexual orientation and gender
identity are already being collected in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The
collection of these data should be extended to other longitudinal studies. These data collection
efforts could be expected to generate national, population-level data that could be used to glean
information on LGBT populations in general, as well as to explore characteristics of LGBT
subpopulations.

In addition, including variables to measure sexual orientation and gender identity in a

variety of studies (e.g., through the addition of appropriate questions on gender identity and sexual
orientation to the demographic section of questionnaires) would generate much-needed data on
LGBT populations that could assist in assembling a reliable body of evidence regarding their
health status.
 The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology within the
Department of Health and Human Services should include the collection of data on sexual
orientation and gender identity as part of its meaningful-use objectives for electronic health
records. One of the meaningful-use objectives is Record Demographics, including preferred
language, gender, race, ethnicity, and date of birth. Sexual orientation and gender identity could
be included in the required set of demographic data. However, the collection of such data will need
to be performed with adequate privacy and security protections. While all data collected in
electronic health records are subjected to high levels of privacy and security protection, overseen
by the Office of the National Coordinator, information on sexual orientation and gender identity
could be perceived by some as being more sensitive than other information.

At present, some barriers exist to collecting useful data on sexual orientation and gender
identity through electronic health records. These barriers include possible discomfort on the part
of health care workers with asking questions about sexual orientation and gender identity, a lack
of knowledge by providers of how to elicit this information, and some hesitancy on the part of
patients to disclose this information. While recognizing that obstacles to the collection of
meaningful data on sexual orientation and gender identity exist, the committee encourages the
Office of the National Coordinator to begin planning for the collection of these data as part of the
required set of demographic data for electronic health records. Detailed patient-level data such as
those found in electronic health records could provide a rich source of information about LGBT
populations and subpopulations.

NIH should support the rigorous development of valid, reliable measures for the collection
of data on sexual orientation and gender identity. This call for additional research on measures
does not mean that measures do not exist. Existing measures of sexual orientation and gender
identity are used differently in various studies depending on the research question. This is an
appropriate practice, and researchers should be able to use measures as they see ft. At this time,
however, there is no generally accepted and well-validated set of questions that can cover a variety
of situations, including studies among different age cohorts, surveys that focus on topics other than
sexual behavior, and research in which participants may not understand terms such as “gender
identity.” Developing and validating suitable measures would make it easier for researchers to
collect data on sexual orientation and gender identity.

One of the greatest challenges to synthesizing scientific knowledge about the health of sexual and
gender minorities has been the lack of standardized measures in federal surveys. The development
and adoption of standardized measures for use in federal surveys would assist in the collection and
analysis of data from large-scale sample surveys and advance the evidence base on LGBT health.

To implement these research training activities, NIH should increase its capacity to provide on-
site experts as mentors for researchers examining LGBT health issues.

As part of a broad effort to raise awareness about LGBT health issues, NIH should conduct
intramural training on these issues with researchers who are not specifically studying LGBT
populations. LGBT health issues cut across a large number of research topics. An awareness of
LGBT health issues among researchers focusing on these topics would assist them in finding
appropriate opportunities to include LGBT study participants (Additionally, training these
researchers to collect data on sexual orientation and gender identity effectively would expand the
body of knowledge about LGBT health and more broadly inform understanding of the diverse
experiences of human development.

Within its existing extramural program, NIH should increase the number of individual
awards offered to researchers studying LGBT health issues, including postdoctoral, graduate
student, and career awards. In addition, the current loan repayment program should be expanded
to assist students who choose to study LGBT health issues. In particular, the development of
researchers of color who will study LGBT health should be encouraged.

At the institutional level, NIH should create multisite training programs designed to allow students
to gain expertise in LGBT health research from a number of different institutions. A similar model
has been used in family psychology. The benefit of such a program is that it would draw upon the
knowledge of multiple centers and expose students to opportunities afforded by various training
sites. Similarly, the idea of centers of excellence for LGBT health research should be explored.
Like multisite training programs, these centers would allow researchers to be trained in various
sites rather than having to be trained at NIH.

Finally, NIH should provide its employees with recurring training on LGBT research issues. While
many project officers at NIH are knowledgeable about LGBT issues, NIH would benefit as an
institution if all staff had a firm understanding of the key issues in LGBT health research.
(https://www.refworld.org/docid/4db7c4272.html March 2, 2019)
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the research strategies, sampling design, data gathering tools and
techniques and the treatment of the data.

Research Design

The study is an analytical research that presents the different aspect of the research topic.
There are two research strategies utilized, the library research and the survey research.

The library research is a traditional approach, the most popular place to find materials or
references to use in the making of thesis.

The survey research is a social inquiry and societies throughout which a big number of
people think and feel about the issue.

The gathered data from the two research strategies where consolidated to present a
comprehensive and holistic discussion of the answer to questions given in the questionnaires.

Sampling Design
Data Gathering Tools

A checklist constructed by the researchers served as the main tool in gathering the data
presented in the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data.

The said survey checklist specifically aimed to determine the negative physical effects of
homosexuality.

A. Statistical Treatment

After the checklist were all gathered, the researchers analyzed the respondents answers
through the use of basic statistical operations such as the frequency counts, frequency distribution,
ranking and percentage.

The answers of the respondents in each number were tabulated and the percentage was
used to present the respondents perceptions about depression and their common coping
mechanism. The formula below is used to arrive at the numerical data.

% = f/n (100)

Where: f = frequency

n= sum of the frequency

 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter of the research shows the interpretation of data gathered from the Grade 10n students
of Ilocos Norte National High School.

Table 1.
______________________________________________________________________________
QUESTIONS YES NO
f % f %
Do you know someone who belongs to the LGBTQ community? 36 72 14 28
Does homosexuality influence your opinion/perception of them? 24 48 26 52
Are you in favor of legalizing same sex marriage? 56 22 44 28
Are against same sex marriage? 21 42 29 58
Do you think homosexuality is a choice? 36 72 14 28
In your school, do you know someone who belongs to the LGBTQ 40 80 10 20
community?
While you were growing up did your parents give an over view 10 20 40 80
about homosexuality?
Is homosexual display affection more offensive than heterosexual 25 50 25 50
display of the same nature?
Does your favorite movie, television play etc. include same 26 52 24 48
marriage?
Do you think that homosexuality will be finally accepted by 32 64 18 36
society?
If your relatives and friend are homosexual, does it matter? 27 54 23 40
Do you agree that homosexuality will affect the society? 20 40 30 60
Do you agree that we should use that law to restrict homosexuality? 30 60 20 40
Do you think that homosexuality is a normal emotional 35 70 15 30
performance?
Will you specially pay close attention and protect homosexuality? 29 58 21 42
Are homosexuals a disgrace to the society? 28 56 22 44
Do you that homosexuality is a disease? 14 28 36 72
Do you think that homosexual couples should have a possibility to 31 62 19 38
adopt a children?
Do you that homosexuals couples should be allowed to legalize 29 58 21 42
their relationship?
Is homosexual worse than any other sin? 21 42 29 58

Table 1 shows the negative effects of homosexuality out 50 respondents, 72% of the
students know someone who belongs to the LGBT Q community,48% of the students influence
their opinion/perception of them,44% is in favor of legalizing same sex marriage,42% against same
sex marriage,72% of the students think homosexuality is a choice,80% of the students knows
someone who belongs to the LGBT Q community,20% of the students give over view about
homosexuality of their parents. Homosexual public display of affection more offensive than
heterosexual display of the same nature is the same vote 50%,52% of the students includes same
sex marriage they watch,64% of the students think that homosexuality will be finally accepted by
the society,54% of the students does matter if their relatives and friends are homosexual,40% agree
that homosexuality will affect the society,60%agree that we should use the law to restrict
homosexuality,70% think that homosexuality is a normal emotional performance,58% will
especially pay close attention and protect homosexuality,56% of the students vote that
homosexuals is a disgrace to the society,28% think that homosexuality is a disease,62% think that
homosexuals couples should have a possibility to adopt a children,58% think that homosexual
couples should be allowed to legalized their relationship,42% of the students vote that homosexual
is worse than any other sin.

Table 2.Negative Physical Effects of being a Homosexual

f % Rank
Bullying 40 80 1
Drinking and other drug use 22 44 2
Arguing 7 14 4
Regret 9 18 3
Naming 6 12 5

Table 2 shows the negative physical effects of being a homosexuality. Bullying has 80%
thus it rank 1 among the choices. Twenty two(22) learners choice drinking and other use that has
44% rank 2.Rank 4 has arguing and it has 14%.18% of regret chosen by the nine(9) learners that
was rank 3.Naming has 12% make it rank 5.

Table 3.Negative Social Effects of being a Homosexual

f % Rank
Cyber bullying 24 48 1
Discrimination 17 34 2
Lack of friends 11 22 5
Cyber crime 13 26 3.5
Scandal 13 26 3.5
 Table 3 shows the negative social effects of being a homosexual. Cyber bullying has 48%
that is rank 1 among the choices. Seventeen (17) learners choose discrimination that has 34% rank
2.Rank 5 was lack of friends and it has 22%.Cyber crime and Scandal has the same vote 13.

Table 4.Neagative Mental Effects of being a homosexual

f % Rank
Psychological disorder 10 20 4
Bipolarity 15 30 3
Suicide 24 48 1
Anxiety 9 18 5.5
Trauma 20 40 2
Eating disorder 9 18 5.5

Table 4 shows the negative mental effects of being a homosexual. psychological disorder
has 20% that is rank 4 among the choices. Fifteen (15) learners choose bipolarity that has 30%
rank 3.Rank 1 has suicide and it has 48 %. Anxiety and eating disorder has the same vote 9 that
has 18% trauma was 40 % make rank 2.

Table 5.Negative Emotional Effects of being a homosexual

f % Rank
Depression 33 66 1
Stress 22 44 2
Emotional 8 16 5
Sadness 15 30 3
Over thinking 10 20 4

Table 5 shows the negative emotional effects of being a homosexual. Depression has 66%
thus it rank 1 among the choices. Twenty two (22) learners choose stress that has 44% rank 2.
Rank 5 was emotional and if has 16%. 30% of sadness chosen by the fifteen (15) learners that was
rank 3. Overthinking has 2o% make it rank 4