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EXPERIMENT NUMBER: …………………….. DATE: ……………

STANDARDISATION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this experiment is to standardise hydrochloric acid using anhydrous sodium
carbonate.

BACKGROUND:
1. Write the balanced equations for the reaction taking place.

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2. What is a standard solution?

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3. Explain why sodium hydroxide could not be used as a standard solution.

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4. Calculate the mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate needed to produce 250 cm3 of a 0.06

moldm–3 solution. Show your working.

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MATERIALS:
List the materials and equipment needed for this experiment.
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RISK ASSESSMENT:
Based on the procedure, identify any hazards associated with the experiment.
State how these hazards can be reduced.

Chemical/Apparatus Hazard Risk Precaution

PROCEDURE:
1) Weigh out accurately between 1.40 and 1.50 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate.
2) Quantitatively transfer the sodium carbonate to a 250 cm 3 volumetric flask and make up
to the mark using deionised water.
3) Titrate the anhydrous sodium carbonate with the hydrochloric acid using methyl orange
indicator.
4) Repeat step 3 until the volume of hydrochloric acid used differs by no more than ± 0.10
cm3.
5) Record your results using appropriate tables.
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DATA:
Design tables to collect the data

ANALYSIS:
1. Determine the mass of sodium carbonate added to the 250 cm3 volumetric flask (1 mark)

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2. How many moles of sodium carbonate were present in the mass stated in (1)? (2 marks)

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3. Calculate the number of moles of sodium carbonate in the pipetted volume. (1 mark)

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4. Write out a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of HCl(aq) and Na2CO3(aq). (2 marks)

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5. Calculate the average volume of hydrochloric acid used to completely react with the pipetted
volume of sodium carbonate solution. (1 mark)

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6. Find the number of moles of HCl used in the titration. (2 mark)

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7. Use the results of your titration to calculate the molar concentration of the HCl. (1 mark)

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DISCUSSION:

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CONCLUSION: Restate your results

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