PHYSICAL SELF

 Refers to the body or our physical manifestation

 Tangible aspect of a person that can be directly observed and examined
 The core of human experience that helps the construction of self and personality
 Initial source of sensation
 Necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality

Ways/tips to reframe or change the way we view, think and talk about our physical self.

1. Recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape or size it comes in.
2. Identify which aspect of your appearance you can realistically change and which you cannot.
3. Don’t let your mind bully your body.
4. Your body is not immortal so don’t abuse it.

SPIRITUAL SELF
WHAT IS RELIGION?

Religion refers to beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers.

Notice that this definition doesn’t specify a belief in a god, because not all religions have that belief.

It also differs from spirituality, which is a concern with the sacred in an individual manner. BECAUSE OUR
SPIRITUALITY OR SPIRITUAL SELF UNDERLIES WITH OUR BEHAVIOR. WE SHOULD POSSESS OR BE A MEMBER OF
A PARTICULAR RELIGION FIRST BEFORE DEVELOPING OUR SPIRITUAL SELF.

Adherents are people who practice a religion.

Atheists are the people who do not believe in God or supernatural being. They rely more on facts/science rather
that divine explanation.

VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

Religions deals with beliefs,

EXAMPLE OF BELIEFS ARE MYTHS AND DOCTRINE

Myths are narrative stories that explain the fundamentals of human existence. E.g. Zeus, Poseidon, etc.

Doctrine is “direct statements about religious beliefs.” Doctrine makes our religion differ from another religion.

SEXUAL SELF
THE DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

General and sexual diversity (GSD), or simply sexual diversity, is a term used to refer to all the diversities of is a
term used to refer to all the diversities of sex characteristics, sexual orientations and gender identities, without the
need to specify each of the identities, behaviors or characteristics that form this plurality.
Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of
the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender. These attractions
are generally subsumed under heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality, while asexuality (the lack of sexual
attraction to others) is sometimes identifies as the fourth category

Sexual characteristics are physical or behavioural traits of an organism (typically of a sexually dimorphic organism)
which are indicative of its biological sex. These can include sex organs used for reproduction and secondary sex
characteristics which distinguish the sexes of a species, but which are not directly part of the reproductive system.

Gender identity is the personal sense of one’s own gender. Gender identity can correlate with assigned sex at
birth, or can differ from it. All societies have a set of gender categories that the basis of the formation of a
person’s social identity in relation to other members of society. THE FEMININITY or MASCULINITY OF A PERSON.

To be a heterosexual man or woman means having a personally significant and meaningful romantic and/or sexual
attraction primarily to adults of the opposite sex.

To be a homosexual man or woman means having a personally significant and meaningful romantic and/or sexual
attraction primarily to adults of the same sex. (To be an openly gay man or woman implies a personal social
integration with one’s homosexuality, including being “out” by fully accepting one’s homosexuality and sharing
about it with friends, family, and others.)

To be a bisexual man or woman means having a personally significant and meaningful romantic and/or sexual
attraction to both adult males and females. Those who self-identify as bisexual need not to be equally attracted
to both sexes.

To be gender dysphoric means experiencing a longstanding level of discontent with one’s birth sex and/or the
gender roles associated with that sex. There are varying degrees of gender dysphoria, discussed in greater detail
below.

PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEW OF SELF

According to the psychoanalytic view of self, our personality has three parts (tripartite) and each part plays a vital
role for our behaviour.

These parts are called id, ego and superego.

Sigmund Freud (the one who conceptualized Psychoanalytic Theory) use Ice Berg Metaphor to illustrate the 3
parts of personality.
ID

- The core of our personality and completely unconscious (foundation of our personality)
- It is rules by PLEASURE PRINCIPLE.
- The id is irrational, chaotic, unorganized and illogical that is why it is hidden or kept from reality.
- Id cannot make or value judgements however, id is not immoral, it is just amoral.

SUPEREGO

- Incorporates your own values and morals of society

- Develops around the age of 3-5 yrs. Old
- Ruled by MORALISTIC PRINCIPLE
- The main function of id is to control the id’s impulses or irrationality.
- The superego has a 2 subsystem:
Conscience- the sense of right and wrong impose by the society and conscience TELLS
US WHAT WE SHOULD NOT DO.
Ego Ideal- the sense of right and wrong impose by yourself and ego ideal TELLS US THE
THINGS WE SHOULD DO.

EGO

- Decision making or executive manager of our personality

 - Makes rational decisions
- Govern by REALITY PRINCIPLE (working out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands)

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

“OAPhaLaGe” (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital)

Oral Stage (0-1 year)

 In the first stage of personality development the libido is centered in a baby’s MOUTH. It gets
much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido, and thus its
id demands. Which at this stage in life are oral, or mouth oriented, such as sucking, biting and
breastfeeding.
 Freud said oral stimulation could lead to an oral fixation in later life. We see oral personalities all
around us such as smokers, nail-biters, finger-chewers, and thumb suckers. Oral personalities
engage in such oral behaviors, particularly when under stress.
 Because the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers (who are responsible for feeding the
child), the infant also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation.
 If fixation occurs at this stage, Freud believed the individual would have issues with
dependency or aggression. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, smoking,
or nail biting.
Anal Stage (1-3 years)

 The libido now becomes focused on the ANUS and the child derives great pleasure from
defecating.
 The child is now fully aware that they are a person in their own right and that their wishes can
bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world (i.e. their ego has developed).
 Freud believes that this type of conflict tends to come to a head in POTTY TRAINING, in which
adults impose restrictions on when and where the child can defecate. The nature of this first
conflict with authority can determine the child’s future relationship with all forms of authority.
 Early or harsh potty training can lead to the child becoming and ANAL-RETENTIVE
PERSONALITY who hates mess, is obsessively tidy, punctual and respectful of authority. They
can be stubborn and tight-fisted with their cash and possessions.
 The ANAL EXPULSIVE, on the other hand, underwent a liberal toilet-training regime during the
anal stage. In adulthood the anal expulsive is the person who wants to share things with you.
They like giving things away. An anal-expulsive personality is also messy, disorganized, wasteful
destructive and rebellious.
 Parents who utilize praise and rewards for using the toilet at the appropriate time encourage
positive outcomes and help children feel capable and productive. Freud believed that positive
experiences during this stage served as the basis for people to become competent,
productive, and creative adults.

Phallic Stage (3 to 5 or 6 years)

 Sensitivity now becomes concentrated in the GENITALS AND MASTURBATION (in both sexes)
becomes a new source of pleasure.
 The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which sets in motion the conflict
between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear which Freud called the
OEDIPUS COMPLEX (in boys) and the ELECTRA COMPLEX (in girls). This is resolved through the
process of identification, which involves the child adopting the characteristics of the same sex
parent.

OEDIPUS COMPLEX

 The name of the Oedipus complex derives from the Greek myth where Oedipus, a young man,
kills his father and marries his mother. Upon discovering this, he pokes his eyes out and
becomes blind. This OEDIPAL IS THE GENERIC (I.E. GENERAL) TERM FOR BOTH OEDIPUS AND
ELECTRA COMPLEXES.
 In the young age, the Oedipus complex or more correctly, conflict arises because the boy
develops sexual (pleasurable) desires for his mother.
 He wants to possess his mother exclusively and get rid of his father to enable him to do so.
Irrationally, the boy thinks that if his father were to find out about all this, his father would take
away what he loves the most. Hence the boy develops CASTRATION ANXIETY (fear that is
father would punish him).
ELECTRA COMPLEX

 Briefly, the girl desires the father.

LATENCY STAGE (5 or 6 to puberty)- period of exploration

 No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage (latent means hidden).
 The libido is dormant. Freud thought that sexual impulses are repressed during the latent
stage and sexual energy can be sublimated (re: defense mechanisms) towards school work,
hobbies and friendships.
 Much of the child’s energy is channelled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge
and play becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender.
 This stage is important in the development of social and communication skills and self-
confidence.

Genital Stage (puberty to adult)

 This is the last stage of Freud’s psychosexual theory of personality development and begins in
puberty.
 It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of w/c is settling
down in a loving one-to-one relationsgip with another person in out 20’s. Sexual instinct is
directed to heterosexual pleasure.
 The individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex.
 Where in earlier stages the focus was solely on individual needs, interest in the welfare of others
grows during this stage. If the other stages have been completed successfully, theindividual
should now be well-balanced, warm, and caring.
 The goal of this stage is to establish a balance between the various life areas.
 For Freud, the proper outlet of the sexual instinct in adults was through heterosexual
intercourse. Fixation and conflict may prevent this with the consequence that sexual perversions
may develop. For example, fixation at the oral stage may result in a person gaining sexual
pleasure primarily from kissing and oral sex, rather than sexual intercourse.