L Roofs:

4 Requirements:

4.1 General: Design: Spec: Site:

4.1. Deemed to satisfy:
4.1.a Roof coverings and waterproofing systems according to 4.2
AND
4.1.b.1 Flat roofs comply with 4.3
OR
4.1.b.2 Subject of rational design
AND
4.1.c Roof assembly and any ceiling assembly comply with SANS 10400-C are comply with either:
4.1.c.1 4.4, provided walls comply with SANS10400-K
OR
4.1.c.2 SANS 10400-B, subject to nail-plated protectors being engineered for softwood applicable, and are
corrosive resistant >= galvanized coating of 275 g/m²
AND
4.1.d Gutters & downpipes are sized to SANS 10400-R
AND
4.1.e Fire resistance/combustability of roof assembly & ceiling assembly is to
4.1.e.i SANS 10400-T
OR
4.1.e.ii 4.5

4.2 Roof coverings and waterproofing systems: Design: Spec: Site:

4.2.1. General requirements:
COMPLY WITH EITHER 4.2.1.1 TO 4.2.1.3 OR 4.2.1.4
4.2.1.1. Any roof covering and waterproofing system, or part thereof, shall:
4.2.1.1.a. Resist the penetration of rain to the extent that in any building:
4.2.1.1.a.1 any water penetration is of insufficient intensity to run down the inside roof surface or drip down.
4.2.1.1.a.2 In cat. 1 buildings any water penetration is of insufficient intensity to run down the inside walls onto the
floor or form damp patch on the ceiling.
4.2.1.1.b Be effectively repairable when damaged, despite aging of materials.
4.2.1.1.c Resist with an appropriate degree of reliability, if being suitably maintained:
4.2.1.1.c.1 temp. from -10 ºC to 80 ºC and rapid reversals in temp. of 60 ºC without deterioration;
4.2.1.1.c.2 UV radiation without deterioration of essential properties;
4.2.1.1.c.3 The effects of condensation at the undersurface;
4.2.1.1.c.4 Chemical attack from atmospheric gasses AND saline atmospheres in marine env;
4.2.1.1.c.4.i NOTE: Alu. Zink or Galv or similar roof sheeting to have a minimum thickness of 0.5mm
4.2.1.1.c.4.ii NOTE: Steel to be coated with min. coat thickens of a.) AZ 150 or Z275 for coastal; b.) AZ 100 or Z200
for other areas.
4.2.1.1.c.4.iii NOTE: Material specified in ii, should be coated with appropriate paint coating
4.2.1.1.c.4.iv NOTE: Sheeting coated as in ii a.),to be marked “not suitable for coastal and aggressive environments”
4.2.1.1.c.5 The growth of bacteria, lichens, fungi etc;
4.2.1.1.c.6 Puncturing and penetration when roof is in use;
4.2.1.1.c.7 Any movement emanating from the roof structure.
4.2.1.2 Roof coverings/waterproofing system products to preserve its properties when maintained; for at least:
4.2.1.2.a 10 years; in systems that can readily be repaired or replaced.
4.2.1.2.b 20 years; in systems that are difficult to replace.
4.2.1.3 Accumulated hail on roofs shall not cause water penetration to interior.
4.2.1.4 Requirements of 4.2.1.1 to 4.2.1.3 comply if roof covering/waterproofing system is:
4.2.1.4.a According to 4.2.2.
4.2.1.4.b Has Agrément certificate and is used within the scope thereof and is compatible with all roofing system
elements.
4.2.1.4.c Installed by specialist with 5 year written waterproofing guarantee.
4.2.2 Roof coverings in pitched roofs:
4.2.2.1 Roofs to have a pitch of no less than in table 1(pg.11) and 2 (pg.12),provided that for cat.1 buildings:
4.2.2.1.i Sheeted roofs without hips and valleys may be at 5º, if end laps are sealed and laps at min. of 250mm.
4.2.2.1.ii The slope of valleys in such roofs not be less than 11º.
4.2.2.2 Tiles at 30º, tested as per SANS 542 with 2h rain penetration & humidity of 70%, shall not allow:
4.2.2.2.i For cat. 1 buildings, the flow of water down the inside of the tiles.
4.2.2.2.ii Other buildings, formation of water drops on the underside of the roof construction
4.2.2.3 Sheeted roofs (not cat.1) when tested to ASTME1646; shall exhibit no leakage and no water shall drip.
4.2.2.4 Tile/sheet coverings to be installed as per manufacturer or with skill & care normally used by workers.
4.2.2.5 Thatching shall be installed as per SANS 10407, and thickness of thatch as per table 3 (pg.12).
4.2.2.6 Undertile membranes to be laid loose to allow water to drain between rafters & be installed as per
manufacturer spec. where shingles,tiles & slates are laid:
4.2.2.6.a In roofs with a pitch of less than 26º or in roofs with a pitch of 45º or steeper, AND
4.2.2.6.b In those areas between the coastline and an imaginary line 30km inland or the top of the escarpment
or watershed of the first watershed mountain range inland, if less than 30km inland.
4.2.3 Roof lights shall:
4.2.3.a.i Have max. opening area of 0.6m² or
4.2.3.a.ii if in the form of translucent roof sheets have a width of 700mm,
4.2.3.b Resist ultraviolet radiation degradation for at least 15 years,
4.2.3.c Resist hail impacts of 10 J as per SANS 10400-B, Refer Part B
4.2.3.d Be installed/designed so that no rainwater penetrates the roof.

4.3 Drainage and waterproofing of flat roofs: Design: Spec: Site:

4.3.1 General:
4.3.1.1 The fall of flat roofs towards external gutters, outlets or roof edges shall be no less than:
4.3.1.1.i 1:80 where there is no interruption in the flow of water,
4.3.1.1.ii 1:50 where there is an interruption in the flow of water,
4.3.1.1.iii 1:80 along the mitre, where 2 directional falls intersect.
4.3.1.1.iv NOTE: Cross falls also to be at 1:80, thus 1:50 might be necessary to allow for construction inaccuracies.
4.3.1.1.v NOTE: Falls can be achieved by casting concrete to a fall, by adding a screed, or a combination thereof.
4.3.1.1.vi NOTE: Falls on timber flat roofs to be incorporated into the rafter design.
4.3.1.2 Construction drawings to clearly indicate ridges and valleys and state relative falls.
4.3.1.3 Penetrations(if cant be avoided)to be inflexible,away from lowpoints & min. 200mm from verticle surfaces.
4.3.1.4 Plumbing pipes, electrical conduits and other services shall not be clustered.
4.3.1.5 Precast panels/roof structures to be designed so that movement thereof does not impair waterproofing.
4.3.1.6 A step to be formed between interior and exterior areas to prevent ingress of water into the building.
4.3.2 Gutters and downpipes:
4.3.2.1.i Gutters to only be located on the perimiter of the building, unless designed by competent person, and
4.3.2.1.ii Be designed that stormwater does not enter the building if the gutter is blocked.
4.3.2.2 Outlets to be flush with concrete or recessed into timber decking to prevent ponding at outlets.
4.3.2.3 Outlets to be min 500mm from upstands, parapet walls and 1000mm from mov. joints.
4.3.2.4 Installation requirements of suppliers of rainwater goods to be adhered to. Refer Part R
4.3.3 Flat concrete roofs:
4.3.3.1 Unless designed by a competent person, twin upstand kerbs to be installed over exp. joints(Figure 3,pg16)
4.3.3.2.i Cupstand beams min. 170mm high installed at intersection of masonry walling and roof, and
4.3.3.2.ii Corner fillets of min 75mm hor. and vert. dimensions to be provided at the intersection (Figure 4,pg16)
4.3.3.3 Drips to be provided beneath all concrete roof overhangs. (Figure 5,pg17)
4.3.3.4 Surfaces to be waterproofed to be: Sound, smooth, to the correct falls (even if wood-floated) & have no
undulations, pertrusions or contaminants. (Note, surfaces NOT to be highly polished)
4.3.4 Waterproofing systems:
4.3.4.1.i System to be installed by a competent person in accordance to manufacturers instructions,
4.3.4.1.ii To ensure roof is watertight for min. 5 years with only maintenance being cleaning of gutters, downpipes,
surfaces.
4.3.4.1.iii Such person to ensure appropriate materials are used regarding exposure and protection needed by the
material due to location.
4.3.4.1.iv NOTE: Using a less dense sand-cement screed will avoid delamination of waterproofing from surfaces.
4.3.4.1.v NOTE: Lightweight screeds prevent good adhesion and to be covered with a 20mm sand-cement screed.
4.3.4.1.vi NOTE: All concrete and screeded surfaces should be left to dry before applying waterproofing system,
Concrete not allowed more than 7% moisture by weight, screeds not more than 10.% moisture by weight.
4.3.4.2 Where outlets are not coned full-bores, pipes are to be flanged to allow adhesion onto a flat surface.
4.3.4.3.i Where services penetrate the roof, particular attention to be paid to proper covering up and dressing of
waterproofing material against protruding elements.
4.3.4.3.ii Penetration of waterproof layer by fixings (e.g. stands of solar panels) to be avoided.
4.3.4.3.iii Waterproofing dressed around these protruding pipes to be mechanically clamped and counter-flashed.
4.3.4.4 Waterproofing turn-ups against masonry(if not linked to stepped DPC in cavity walls) to be counter-flashed
with the same membrane and cut into wall to a depth of min. 40mm to prevent delamination.
4.3.4.5.i Timber decks (unless system does not require them), shall have:
4.3.4.5.ii sand-cement coves of radii>45mm,formed at internal corners of horizontal and vertical surfaces or;
4.3.4.5.iii 38mm timber fillets to be fixed at all junctions of horizontal and vertical surfaces.
4.3.4.6 All external corners/edges where waterproofing is to be dressed over shall be rounded.
4.3.4.7 DPC heights to be at the level of the top of the waterproofing turn-ups.

4.4 Timber roof construction: Design: Spec: Site:

4.4.1 Softwood timber constuction:
 NOTE: Only commonly available SA Pine and laminated Pine sizes/grades are used in part L
NOTE: It is advised to check local availability of 50x228mm or 76x228mm before specifying.
4.4.1.1 General:
4.4.1.1.1 Requirements of 4.4.1 only apply to softwood timber roof assmeblies that:
4.4.1.1.1.a Are not subject to snow load of continous continous period of 24h;
4.4.1.1.1.b Have trusses that:
4.4.1.1.1.b.1 Are to 4.4.1.2, mono-pitched (clear span<4.0m) or double-pitched (clear
span<8.0m)
4.4.1.1.1.b.2 Are fully triangulated,
4.4.1.1.1.b.3 Are used in gable-to-gable construction without hips or valleys,
4.4.1.1.1.b.4 Have the following roof pitch limits:
4.4.1.1.1.b.4.i Tiles and slate: between 17.5° and 35°
4.4.1.1.1.b.4.ii Metal or fibre-cement sheets: between 15° and 30°
4.4.1.1.1.b.4.iii Metal tiles: between 15° and 30°
4.4.1.1.1.b.5 Are only supported at heel joint or intersection of web member and bottom chord at
the end of truss.
4.4.1.1.1.c Have rafters with a pitch<26° and purlin beams/rafters with a clear span<8.0m.
4.4.1.1.2 All softwood timber roof and ceiling assemblies shall:
4.4.1.1.2.a Be constructed in accordance with SANS 2001-CT2, and
4.4.1.1.2.b.i Comply with SANS 1460 AND (SANS 1783-2 OR 1783-4) AND (SANS 1707-1 OR 1707-2)
4.4.1.1.2.b.ii Be structurally graded or stamped in red or black, and
4.4.1.1.2.c Be treated in accordance to 4.4.1.1.3
4.4.1.1.3 Softwood timber in coastal areas(Figure 6,pg19; figure 7,pg20; figure 8,pg21; figure 9,pg22)to be:
4.4.1.1.3.i Treated to SANS10005 & SANS1288 against effects of rot,fungus and insect attack
4.4.1.1.3.ii Cut areas of treated timber to be brushed with 2x coats of original preservative used for treatment,
4.4.1.1.3.iii During transport, Impregnated timber ot be so protected that impregnated shell is
not damaged.
4.4.1.1.4 Spacing of trusses,rafters and purlins to manufacturers instructions or table4(pg.24)
4.4.1.1.5. Trusses, rafters and purlin beams to be:
4.4.1.1.5.i Supported on wall plates of min 38x76mm, or similar flat surface to ensure verticle Refer Part K
allignment, OR
4.4.1.1.5.ii Be be supported on hangers twice bolted to walls with masonry anchors,
4.4.1.1.5.iii Hangers joinging timber to timber be nailed with 32mm clout nails or 12mm bolts.
4.4.1.1.6 Metal masonry anchors:
4.4.1.1.6.i Shall be of the expanding type, be corrosion resistant,
4.4.1.1.6.ii Have diameter >10mm and length>75mm and be installed to manufacturers. spec,
4.4.1.1.6.iii When embedded in grade 20 concrete (for testing) have safe working load in
shear>2.5kN, certified by manufacturer.
4.4.1.1.6.iv Above certification to be substantiated by report certificate by accredited testing lab
4.4.1.2 Trusses:
4.4.1.2.1.i Mono- and double-pitched trusses shall be of Howe-type (see fig.10);
4.4.1.2.1.ii No. of bays; bolt connections; grading; sizes and pitches to table 4 and Fig.11;
4.4.1.2.1.iii No member of any truss to have a length greater than 60x its dimension.
4.4.1.2.2 Bolts and nails shall not be closer to member edge than distance in Fig.12.
4.4.1.2.3 Trusses to only be supported on heel joints, except walls that are set back or extra
web members provided to fig. 14.
4.4.1.2.4 Splices may be provided in the tie beam in accordance to Fig.15.
4.4.1.2.5 Roof trusses to be tied down onto walls/columns with galv. Steel wires to fig. 16
4.4.1.2.6 Rafter (top Chord) bracing to be in accordance with details as shown in:
4.4.1.2.6.a Fig.17a, 18 or 19, and 20 for tiled roofs diagonally braced at the wall plate for stub ended trusses.
4.4.1.2.6.b Fig.17b for sheeted roofs.
4.4.1.2.7 Bottom chord bracing to be as in Figure 22
4.4.1.2.8 Permanent continues runners (38x76mm) to be fixed to bottom chords at the centre
of each bay where no boarded or timber ceiling is provided.
4.4.1.2.9 Trusses not supported at heel joints (Fig. 14) shall have runners as in figure 23 with
cross bracing at intervals less than 10m, or T-bracing on each additional web.
4.4.1.2.10 Water tanks/geysers to be supported on timber bearers on internal walls if possible.
Else to be supported on timber platforms as per figure 24.
4.4.1.3 Rafter beams:
4.4.1.3.1 Rafter beams shall be in accordance with tables 5-7.
4.4.1.3.2 Rafters to be tied down with galv. Steel straps/wires built into walls to fig.16 Refer Part K
4.4.1.4 Purlin rafters and purlin beams
4.4.1.4.1 Purlin beams/rafters shall be in accordance with tables 8 and 9 and req. pitch (fig 25).
NOTE: These are rafters that double up as purlins, only for sheeted roofs.
NOTE: Purlin widths less than 45mm are impractical for fixing of metal sheets.
4.4.1.4.2 Purlin rafters to be tied down with galv. Steel straps/wires built into walls to fig.16 Refer Part K
4.4.1.5 Battens and Purlins
4.4.1.5.1.i Shall be continues and fixed over at least 3 rafters.
4.4.1.5.1.ii Battens:38x38mm to be nailed with 75mm wire nails, 38x50mm (on edge) with 90mm wire nails.
4.4.1.5.1.iii Purlins to be fixed to rafters to fig.26 and 27.Sizes and spacing to be as per table 4.
4.4.1.5.2 Batten and purlin ends to be sawn square and butt-jointed centrally over the rafters.
Alternatively, battens to be spliced in close proximity to rafters to fig.26.7.
4.4.1.5.3 Joints in battens to be so that no more than 1 in 3 battens in joined on 1 rafter.
4.4.1.6 Ceiling Assembly
4.4.1.6.1.i Brandering to comply with SANS 1783-4 or SANS 1707-2 and SANS 2001-CT2. Different Part
T
4.4.1.6.1.ii For saligna brandering, it is to be treated with CCA or similar to SANS 10005 and Different Part
SANS 1707-2. T
4.4.1.6.2.i Pine brandering (38x38mm) to support gypsum plasterboard or similar to be Different Part
securely spiked to supports with 75mm wire nails at centres<450mm T
4.4.1.6.2.ii Cross brandering to be cut between longitudinal brandering and skew-nailed to the Different Part
same with 75mm wire nails at centres<900mm T
4.4.1 Pole construction:
4.4.2.1.i Poles to comply to SANS 457-2 or SANS 457-3 and to SANS 10005.
4.4.2.1.ii Cracked poles or poles with split ends within 1 pole diameter from bolt location not to be used.
4.4.2.2.i The end grain of re-sawn poles to be treated with class W preservative.
4.4.2.2.ii A new nail plate, covering 35% of the surface to be nailed on exposed end.
4.4.2.3 Thatch roofs-laths to have min. 25mm diameter to SANS 1288,spacing to SANS Refer Part T
10407.
4.4.2.4 Thatch roofs, gable-to-gable construction eith no hips, valleys or dormer windows, Refer Part T
pitch of 45°, clear span<6m, to be according to figure 29, to SANS 10407.
4.4.2.5 Pole rafters shall have a clear span to table 10.
4.4.2.6 Pole trusses/rafters to be tied to supporting walls/columns by galv. Steel wires, built Refer Part K
into the walls to SANS 10400-K.

4.5 Fire resistance and combustability Design: Spec: Site:

4.5.1 Fire resistance of any roof/ceiling, complete with light fittings or any component that Refer Part T,V
penetrates the ceiling, to be to SANS 10400-T and SANS 10400-V.
4.5.2 No part of the roof/ceiling made of wood or combustible material, shall pass through the
separating element of a building.