CLIMATOLOGY III ( AR-209B)

BUILDING FABRIC AND THERMAL CONTROL

BY-
Asst prof. Khurram Ali
Gateway College of architecture & Design
Sonipat, Haryana
Friday, October 07, 2016
 INTENT

• To understand the thermal behaviour of a built space.

• To understand the factors which affect the thermal comfort also how to

control them.

• To understand the load calculations on a built space.

 CONTENT

• Thermal behavior of the buildings.

• Thermal quantities

• Temperature

• Heat

• Heat flow ( Conduction, Convection, Radiation)

• Conductivity

• Resistance

• Thermal capacity

• Heat Loss Calculations

 Heat flow

The study of heat transfer plays a very important role in understanding behaviour of any
building in response to climatic conditions and climatic changes. This understanding enables to
predict more scientifically, the change in internal environment of any building envelope due to
changes in weather conditions.
Heat flow
Thermal Mass
Thermal Aspect Of Space
Potential Of Climatic Control
 Building Fabric

The building fabric is an important component of any building:-

• Protects the building occupants
• Plays a major role in regulating the indoor environment.
• Consisting of the building's roof, floor slabs, walls, windows,
and doors, the fabric controls the flow of energy between the
interior and exterior of the building.
• An optimal design of the building fabric may provide significant
reductions in heating and cooling loads which in turn can allow
downsizing of mechanical equipment.
 TEMPRATURE & HEAT

• Temperature is actually not a physical quantity – it is the

outward appearance of the thermal state of a body.
It is measured in Degree Celsius or Kelvin.

• Heat is form of energy, appearing as molecular movement in

substances
It is measured in Joules = Watt-second.
Factors
 Properties of Fabric

• Thermal mass
• Thermal resistance
• Time Lag Factor
• Thermal Conductivity
• Transmittance or U-Value
• Thermal insulation

Thus, if all the fundamental sources of heat loss and heat gain in a building
are properly considered, it is possible to determine quite accurately the
resulting internal conditions within it and, more importantly, how comfortable it
is likely to be or how much air-conditioning energy will be required to make it
so.
 Thermal Resistance

• Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measurement of a

temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat
flow.
• Thermal resistance is the reciprocal of thermal conductance.

• Factor that affect the thermal resistance:-

• Thickness of material

• Conductivity
• A construction layer with a high thermal resistance , is a good
insulator; one with a low thermal resistance (e.g. concrete) is a
bad insulator.
• R value
• Resistance is usually given as an "R" value which is the
resistance of one square metre of the material subject to a one
degree temperature difference.
 R- VALUE

R-value is a unit of thermal resistance for a particular material or

assembly of materials (such as an insulation panel). The R-value
depends on a solid material's resistance to conductive heat transfer.

•R = l/ k

•Where: R = the thermal resistance per unit area of the piece of material
(m²K/W),
l = represents the thickness of the material (m), and
k = represents the conductivity of the material (W/mK).
 Transmittance or U-Value

• A U value is a measure of heat loss.

• It is expressed in W/m²k, and shows the amount of heat lost in
watts (W) per square meter of material(wall, roof, floor etc.)
• when the temperature (k) outside is at least one degree lower.
The lower the U value, the better the insulation provided by the
material.
 Transmittance or U-Value

• It can also be referred to as an ‘overall heat transfer co-efficient’

and measures how well parts of a building transfer heat.

• This means that the higher the U value the worse the thermal

performance of the building envelope.

• A low U value usually indicates high levels of insulation.

• They are useful as it is a way of predicting the composite

behavior of an entire building element rather than relying on the

properties of individual materials.

SURFACE THICKNESS(m) THERMAL THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY RESISTANCE
(W/m²k) (thickness/conductiv
ity)
INSIDE - - 0.12

PLASTER 0.015 0.17 0.09

BLOCK 0.1 0.23 0.43

INSULATION 0.05 0.349 1.43

BRICK 0.1 0.83 0.12

OUTSIDE - - 0.06

TOTAL 2.25