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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Q.1 State Dalton’s law of partial pressure. (4marks)

ANS:-

Dalton’s law of Partial Pressure – Dalton’s law of partial pressure states that “the total pressure of

mixture of gases equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each gas when it occupies the

mixture volume at the temperature of mixture”.

Consider the mixture of gas having constituents of gas a, gas b and gas c.

Mixture of gas a, b, c at volume V and temperature T shows the total pressure Pt. if gas a, b, c is

separated and kept at same volume V and temperature T it will show pressure Pa, Pb and Pc

respectively.

Where Pa = Partial pressure of gas a.

Pb = Partial pressure of gas b.

Pc = Partial pressure of gas c.

According to Dalton’s law of partial pressure, Pt = Pa + Pb + Pc

Q.2 Atmospheric air at a dry bulb temperature of 16 C and 25% relative humidity passes through a
furnace and then through a humidifier in such a way that the final dry bulb temperature is 30 C and
50% relative humidity. (8marks)

Find: (i) Heat added to the air (ii) Moisture added to the air (iii) Sensible heat factor of the process

ANS:-

i) Heat added to the air = Enthalpy at 2 – Enthalpy at 1

= 65 – 23

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

= 42 KJ/kg of dry air

ii) Moisture added to air = Sp. Humidity at 2 – Sp. Humidity at 1

= 0.0135 – 0.003

= 0.0105 kg/kg of dry air

iii) Sensible heat factor (SHF) –

Sensible heat added SH = Enthalpy at 3 – Enthalpy at 1

= 37 – 23

= 14 KJ/.kg of dry air

Latent heat added LH = Enthalpy at 2 – Enthalpy at 3

= 65 – 37

= 28 KJ/kg of dry air.

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Q.3 Explain working of humidification by air washing with neat sketch. (6marks)

ANS:-

System consists of components like water tank, pump, heating/cooling coil,

spray pipe & nozzles, air damper for air in-flow and eliminator plate. Humidification can be
achieved by spraying water in the stream of air. The air washer has a chamber in which water
is sprayed through the nozzles from the top. Air enters into the chamber through air dampers
and it flows through the sprays of water. While flowing, it absorbs the water particles & gets
humidified. The complete process is known as Humidification by air washing.
Q.4 Define: (i) Dew point temperature. (ii) Specific humidity (4marks)

ANS:-i) Dew point Temperature: Dew point temperature is the saturation corresponding to the

partial pressure of water vapour. OR It is the temperature of air recorded by a thermometer,

when the moisture (water vapour) present in it begins to condense. Temperature at which first
drop of dew formed.
ii) Specific humidity: It is the mass of water vapour present in one kg of dry air and is
generally expressed in terms of gram per kg of dry air.
Q.5 Define: (i) RH (ii) DBT (iii) DPT (iv) Specific humidity (4marks)
i) RH(Relative humidity):It is the a ratio actual mass of water vapour in a given volume of moist air to
the mass of water vapour in the same volume of saturated air at the same temperature and pressure.
ii) DBT: It is the temperature of air recorded by a thermometer, when it is not affect by the moisture
present in the air.
iii) DPT: It is the temperature of air recorded by a thermometer, when the moisture present in it begins
to condense.

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

iv) Specific humidity: it is the mass of water vapour present in one kg of dry air.
Q.6 List types of humidifiers and explain any one of them with neat sketch. (4marks)
ANS-Different types of dehumidifiers:
i) Spray type dehumidifier ii) Cooling coil type dehumidifier
i) Spray type dehumidifier:

 This type of dehumidifier is similar with humidifier with an exception that the water used for
spraying purpose is having temperature below the dew point temperature of air.
 The outside fresh air enters through filter which removes the dust particle.
 This air is then passed through cold water having temperature below dew point temperature of
the room air.
 By this the outside air is cooled below its dew point temperature (DPT) and thus excess moisture
is removed. However, the dry bulb temperature of air leaving the eliminator is much below the
DBT of desired condition space.
 Hence an heater is used to maintain the temperature through which air is passed to condition
space.
 A refrigeration system is used to cool the water supply the and an overflow pipe is required to
drain the added water.

Q.7 Show following processes on psychrometric chart.

(i) Cooling with dehumidification. (ii) Heating and Humidification. (4marks)
ANS:- i) Cooling with dehumidification:

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

ii) Heating with humidification:

Q.8 With the help of psychrometric chart find properties of air at 24 C DBT and 40 % Relative
humidity. (i)Dew point temperature (ii) Wet bulb temperature (iii)SP volume of air (iv) Enthalpy of air
(v)SP humidity of air Draw psychrometric chart showing all above properties. (8marks)

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

ANS:-

Q.9 Explain concept of sensible heat factor and by pass factor with suitable sketches. (4marks)

ANS:- Bypass factor :When air passes over a coil, some of it say “X” just by-passes unaffected while the
remaining (1 - X) kg comes in direct contact with the coil. This by-pass process of air is measured in
terms of by-pass factor.

.Cpmtd1 + (1 –X ) Cpmtd3 = 1 . Cpmtd2 (Cpm= specific humid heat)

X (td3 -td1) =(td3 -td2 )

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

x =(td3 - td2 )/( (td3 - td1) where X is by pass air

Sensible Heat Factor :The ratio of sensible heat to total heat added is known as sensible heat factor
(SHF) process of sensible heating on the psychometric chart is shown by a horizontal line 1 -2 extending
from left to right. Sensible heat factor = Sensible heat / (Sensible heat + Latent heat)

Q.10 Explain concept of SHF and RSHF. (4marks)

ANS:-
(Sensible heat factor)
The heat added during psychometric process may be split up into sensible heat and latent heat. The
ratio of the sensible heat to the latent heat is known as sensible heat factor.
Mathematically SHF is given as,
SHF= SH/TH
=SH/ (SH+LH)
Where, SH= Sensible heat
LH= Latent heat
TH= Total heat
RSHF (Room Sensible Heat Factor)
It is defined as the ratio of the room sensible heat to the room total heat.
Mathematically RSHF is given as
RSHF=RSH/RTH= RSH/RSH+RLH
Where,
Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.
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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

RSH= Room sensible heat.

RLH= Room latent heat.
RTH= Room total heat,
Q.11 Air is supplied to a conditioned room at 17°C DBT and 50% RH. The air leaves the room at 25°C
DBT during which RH increases by 5%. Find (i) DPT of supply air (ii) Change in enthalpy during
process.
(iii) Change in specific humidity during the process. Show it on psychrometric chart. (8marks)
ANS:- Same as above
Q.12 List psychometric processes and explain evaporative cooling process with sketch. (8marks)
ANS:- Various psychrometric processes are as follows
i) Sensible cooling and heating
ii) Latent heating and cooling
iii) Cooling and dehumidification
iv) Cooling and humidification
v) Heating and humidification
vi) Chemical dehumidification
The process of Evaporative cooling is shown as below

It is the process in which cooling is achieved by evaporating water without transfer of heat from or to
the surrounding. Thus, enthalpy remains constant during process and process takes place along constant
WBT. It is achieved by direct contact of water particles and moving air stream. It can be shown on
psychrometric chart as above
Q.13 A surrounding air having DBT 38°C and RH 60% is converted to conditioned air having DBT 26°C
and WBT 24°C. Plot the process on psychrometry chart and find out following properties of
conditioned air:
(1) RH (2) Specific humidity (3) Enthalpy (4) Specific volume (5) By-pass factor of cooling coil

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

(6) Apparatus dew point temperature (8marks)

ANS:-

The following properties of conditioned air are obtained from psychrometric chart:
1. RH = 85%
2. Specific humidity = 0.018 kg/kg
3. Enthalpy = 73 kJ/kg
4. Specific volume = 0.87 m3/kg
5. By pass factor of cooling coil = 0.2
6. Apparatus dew point temperature = 230°C

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Q.14 Explain any one Humidifier with a neat sketch. (4marks)

ANS:- As Question no. 3
Q.15 Explain in brief revolving wick type humidifier with neat schematic sketch. (4marks)

Mr. Holkar Mukund K. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.