Air conditioning processes

Psychometric process
In the design and analysis of air conditioning plants, the fundamental requirement is to identify
the various processes being performed on air. All these processes can be plotted easily on a
psychrometric chart. This is very useful for quick visualization and also for identifying the
changes taking place in important properties such as temperature, humidity ratio, enthalpy etc.
The important processes that air undergoes in a typical air conditioning plant are discussed below
Sensible Heat Load
QS = ma cpa ∆T
Latent Heat Load
QL = ma × hfg × Δω = ma × Δh
1. Sensible heating (1-2)
2. Sensible cooling (1-3)
3. Humidification (1-4)
4. Dehumidification (1-5)
5. Heating and humidification (1-6)
6. Cooling and dehumidification (1-7)
7. Cooling and humidification (1-8)
8. Heating and dehumidification (1-9)
The graphs shows the psychrometer processes
Moist Air Sensible Cooling
During this process, the moisture content of air remains constant but its temperature decreases
as it flows over a cooling coil. For moisture content to remain constant, the surface of the
cooling coil should be dry and its surface temperature should be greater than the dew point
temperature of air. If the cooling coil is 100% effective, then the exit temperature of air will be
equal to the coil temperature. However, in practice, the exit air temperature will be higher than
the cooling coil temperature.
Qsens = ṁ cp ΔT = ṁ Δh = ṁ (hO - hA)
tA < tO hA< hO O< A
ωO = ωA tdp = C

Cooling Coil Capacity (CCC)

CCC = ma (h1 – h2)
ma = air mass flow rate
 Moist Air Sensible Heating
During this process, the moisture content of air remains constant and its temperature increases as
it flows over a heating coil. The heat transfer rate during this process is given by;
Qsens = ṁ cp ΔT = ṁ Δh = ṁ (hB – hO)
Where cpm is the specific heat capacity of the mixture (≈1.0216 kJ/kg dry air) and ṁ is the mass
flow rate of dry air (kg/s). Figure shows the sensible heating process on a psychrometric chart
tB ˃ t O hB ˃ h O O˃B
ωO = ω B tdp = C

Heating Coil Capacity (HCC) HCC = ma (h2 – h1)

ma = air mass flow rate
Qin = H1 – H2
Example 2-1
Calculate the coil thermal load for heating 1.5m3/s air 20oC, if the DBT and WBT of the air are
21oC and 15oC respectively. Water is used as heating agent which enters the coil at 85oC and
leaves at 75oC, take the water specific heat at constant pressure cpw = 4.18 kJ/kg. K
State for entry (A) state of leaving (B)
From Psychrometric chart
hA = 41.5 kJ/kg, νA = 0.844 m3/kg and hB = 61.5 kJ/kg
The heat load = ma cpa ∆T
ma = V/ νA = (1.5/0.844) = 1.78 kg/s
The heat load = 1.78 × 1.005 (20) = 35.6 kW
OR
The heat load = ma × Δh = 1.78 (61.5 – 41.5) = 35.6kW
The heat gained by air = the heat lost from water = 35.6 kW
The heat lost from water = mw cpw ∆Tw
mw = (35.6 / 4.18 × 10) = 0.85 kg/s
Humidification and Dehumidification Processes
The process in which the moisture or water vapor or humidity is added to the air without changing
its dry bulb (DB) temperature is called as humidification process. This process is represented by a
straight vertical line on the psychrometric chart starting from the initial value of relative humidity,
extending upwards and ending at the final value of the relative humidity. In actual practice the
pure humidification process is not possible, since the humidification is always accompanied by
cooling or heating of the air. Humidification process along with cooling or heating is used in
number of air conditioning applications
The process in which the moisture or water vapor or the humidity is removed from the air keeping
its dry bulb (DB) temperature constant is called as the dehumidification process. This process is
represented by a straight vertical line on the psychrometric chart starting from the initial value of
relative humidity, extending downwards and ending at the final value of the relative humidity.
Like the pure humidification process, in actual practice the pure dehumidification process is not
possible, since the dehumidification is always accompanied by cooling or heating of the air.
Dehumidification process along with cooling or heating is used in number of air conditioning
applications
 Mass conservation
mv = ma (ω2 – ω1)
Energy conservation
H2 = H1 + Hv OR ma (h2 – h1) = mv hfg

Property of the air Dehumidification Humidification

Dry bulb temperature tdb1 = tdb5 tdb1 = tdb4
Wet bulb temperature twb1 ˃ twb5 twb1 < twb4
Dewpoint temperature tdp1 ˃ tdp5 tdp1 < tdp4
Enthalpy h1 ˃ h 5 h4 ˃ h1
Specific humidity ω 1 ˃ ω5 ω 4 ˃ ω1
Relative humidity ɸ 1 ˃ ɸ5 ɸ 4 ˃ ɸ1
Moist Air Cooling and humidification
As the name implies, during this process, the air temperature drops and its humidity increases.
This process is shown in Fig. As shown in the figure, this can be achieved by spraying cool
water in the air stream. The temperature of water should be lower than the dry-bulb temperature
of air but higher than its dew-point temperature to avoid condensation. The minimum
temperature is the temperature of the cooling surface Tc, the cooling efficiency (η) is determined
by using the next formula.

η= (AB / AC) = (TA - TB/ TA – TC)

Moist Air Heating and humidification
During winter it is essential to heat and humidify the room air for comfort. As shown in Fig., this
is normally done by first sensibly heating the air and then adding water vapor to the air stream
through steam nozzles as shown in the figure.
Moist Air Cooling and Dehumidification
The cooling and dehumidification process is most widely used air conditioning application. It is used
in all types of window, split, packaged and central air conditioning systems for producing the comfort
conditions inside the space to be cooled. The cooling and dehumidification process, the air is cooling
while the water vapor is condensed
Moist Air Heating and Dehumidification
This process can be achieved by using a hygroscopic material, which adsorbs the water vapor
from the moisture. If this process is thermally isolated, then the enthalpy of air remains constant
(hB = hA), as a result the temperature of air increases as its moisture content decreases as shown
in fig.
Example 2-2
Air at tdb = 32oC and twb = 22oC, is cooled and dehumidified to 10oC by cooling coil with surface
temperature 5oC, draw this process on Psychrometric chart, find the properties of air before and after
passing the coil, calculate also the contact factor, cooling efficiency, heat capacity of the cooling coil, and
mass of condensed water per kg of dry air.
tdb = 32oC, twb = 22 oC, ω = 0.0123 kg/kg, ɸ = 40%, h = 63.7 kJ/kg,
ν = 0.882 m3/kg and tdp = 17.2 oC,
At point 2 (after passing the cooling coil)
tdb = 16oC, twb = 13.2 oC, ω = 0.0083 kg/kg, ɸ = 73%, h = 37 kJ/kg,
ν = 0.83 m3/kg and tdp = 11.2 oC,
Contact factor (bypass) = (T2 – T3)/ (T1 – T3) = (10 - 5)/(32 - 5) = 0.185

Cooling efficiency = η = (T1 – T2/ T1 – T3) = (32 - 10)/(32 - 5) = 0.815 = 81.5%

The mass of condensed water per kg of air = ma (ω1 – ω2) = 1 (0.0123 - 0.0083) × 3600
= 14.4 kg/hr
The heat capacity = ma × Δh = ma (63.7 - 37) = 26.7 kW/kg of dry air
Adiabatic Mixing
Adiabatic mixing are two types adiabatic mixing of two moist airstreams and adiabatic
mixing of Injected water into moist air. Mixing of air streams at different states is
commonly encountered in many processes, including in air conditioning. Depending
upon the state of the individual streams, the mixing process can take place with or
without condensation of moisture.

Adiabatic mixing
m3 = m1 + m2
Conservation of water vapor masses
m1 ω1 + m2 ω2 = m3 ω3 = (m1 + m2) ω3
m3 = m1 + m2
m1 ω1 + m2 ω2 = (m1 + m2) ω3

m11  m 2 2
 3 
m1  m 2
t db 3 m 3  m1 t db1  m 2 t db 2
m3 = m1 + m2

m1t db1  m2 t db 2
t db3 
m1  m2

Conservation of energy

m1h1 = m2h2 + m3h3

m3 = m1 + m2

m1h1  m2 h2
h3 
m1  m2
Example 2-3
3kg of air at tdb = 50oC and twb = 32oC, is mixed adiabatically with 2kg of air at tdb = 5oC and
twb = 5oC, find the enthalpy, specific humidity and the DBT of the mixture.
Solution
From pschromtric chart, define the conditions of state 1 and 2
by means of dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature
m1t db1  m2 t db 2
t db3 
m1  m2

= (3×50 + 2×5) / (2 + 3) = 32 °C

ω3 = 0.0118 kg /kg h3 = 69 kJ/ kg

Example 2-4
1m3/s of external wet air at 100% RH, and tdb = -1°C, is mixed with 2m3/s returned air at 50% RH, and tdb
= 22°C. Draw the process on Psychrometric chart, calculate the mixing point, and define its RH, ω, h, and
ν.
Solution
The specific volume of point 1 (100% RH, and tdb = -1°C) is found to be
ν1 = 0.774 m3/kg. The specific volume of point 2 (50% RH, and tdb = 22°C)
 m1 = 1 / 0.774 = 1.291kg/s
ν2 = 0.847 m3/kg
 m2 = 2 / 0.847 = 2.361kg/s
The mass of mixture:
m3 = m1 + m2=1.291+ 2.361=3.652kg/ s
m1t db1  m2 t db 2
To locate the point (3) the following equation is t db3 
m1  m2

 tdb3 = ((1.291× -1) + (2.361× 22) / (1.291+2.361)) = 13.87°C

From this point ɸ3 = 65% ω3 = 0.0066kg/ kg ν3 = 0.822m3/ kg h3 = 30.5 kJ /kg.
Summer air conditioning
Thus, it can be seen that a typical summer air conditioning system requires a refrigeration
system that reduces the temperature of the air to temperatures much lower than the
surroundings. Of course, in some areas such as deserts, the summer is hot and dry. Air
conditioning systems for these hot and dry climates also require cooling of air below the
ambient temperatures; however, instead of removing water vapour it may be required to add
water to the air supplied to the conditioned space.
Process 1 – x represent sensible heat added to the air gains from
the space to be conditioned
QS = ma (hx – h1) = ma cpma (tx – t1)
cpma ≡ specific heat capacity of hummid air per unit mass of dry
air
cpma = cpa + ω × cps
Qs = ma (cpa + ω1 × cps) (t2 – t1)
Process x - 2 represent latent heat added to the air gains from the
space to be conditioned
QL = ma (h2 – hx)
QL = ma (ω2 – ωx)
Total heat = Qs + QL
= ma (hx – h1) + ma (h2 – hx) = ma (h2 – h1)

Sensible heat hx  h1
The room sensible heat ratio  
Total heat h2  h1
Assume the mass of air leaving the mixing box is unity, and the fraction of the recirculate air is
x, therefore;
m4h4 = m2h2 + m3h3

x h2 + (1 - x) h3 = 1 × h4 x h2 + h3 – x h3 = h4 x (h2 – h3) = h4 – h3
h4  h3
x =
h2  h3
m3 ω3 + m2 ω2 = m4 ω4

 4  3
x=
 2  3

h4  h3  4   3
x= =
h2  h3  2   3
Winter air conditioning
In winter air conditioning, the air is heated, which is generally accompanied by humidification.
In winter, the outside conditions are cold and dry. As a result, there will be a continuous
transfer of sensible heat as well as moisture (latent heat) from the buildings to the outside
Example 2-6
An air conditioned room is to be maintained at 18oC and percentage saturation 40%. The fabric heat
gains are 3000 W and there are a maximum of 20 persons in the room at any time. Neglecting all other
heat gains or losses calculate the required volume flow rate of air to be supplied to the room and its
percentage saturation when the air supply temperature is 10oC. Sensible heat gains per person = 100W,
latent heat gains per person = 30W. Take the parametric pressure = 1.01325bar.

Solution
The process is heating from 10oC (supply temperature) to 18oC (design state), the process is
shown on the following figure. Point 2 represents the design state, while the point 1 shows the
supply air.
The total sensible heat = 3000 + (20 × 100) = 5000W
Latent heat = 20 × 30 = 600 W
The volume flow rate of air to be supplied (m3/s) = ma1 × νa1
Ψ = (ω2 / ωg) and
pg
ω2 = 0.622
pa
pa = 1.01325 – 0.02063 = 0.99262 bar
ωg = 0.622 (0.02063 / 0.99262)
ωg = 0.0129273  ω2 = 0.0129273 × Ψ = 0.0129273 × 0.4 = 0.005171 ω2 = 0.005171

Sensible heat = Qs = ma (cpa + ω1 × cps) (t2 – t1)

5000
5000 = ma (1.005 + 1.88 ω1) (18 – 10)  ma = 1
8.04  15.041
Latent heat = QL = ma (ω2 - ω1) (hg @ t2)
0.2368
600 = ma (0.00517 - ω1) (2533.9) ω1 = 0.00517  2
ma
Therefore ma = 616.4 kg/s and ω1 = 0.00479
At 10 oC psat1 = 0.01227 bar  pa1 = 1.01325 – 0.01227 = 1.00098bar
0.287  283
 ν1   0.811m 3 / kg
1.00098  10 2
The volume flow rate of air = ma1 × νa1 = 616.4 × 0.811 = 500.2 m3/s
( p  pg ) 100  0.00479(1.01325  0.01227)
Ψ1 = 100× ω1 =  62.8%
0.622 p g 0.622  0.01227

This problem can be solved very quickly, if less accuracy, using the Psychrometric chart. Point 2 can
be located on the chart from the information given, and then we have

Sensible heat 5000

  0.893
Total heat 5600
Using the chart and drawing a line of slope 0.8932 from point 2 to where it cuts the 10oC and
fixes point 1. Hence, the percentage saturation at point 1 and h1 can be read from the chart, also
Total heat load = 5600 = ma (h2 – h1)
Hence ma can be found, the specific volume at state 1 can be read from the chart and hence the
volume flow rate may be calculated.
Bypass Factor
The by-pass factor (BF) for the process is defined as the ratio of the difference between the
mean surface temperature of the coil and leaving air temperature to the difference between the
mean surface temperature and the entering air temperature
t db1  DB Temperature of the air entering the heating coil
t db 2  DB Temperature of the air leaving the heating coil
t db3  DB Temperature of the heating coil surface

tdb3 tdb2 t t
PF , and heating efficiency = HC  db2 db1
tdb3 tdb1 tdb3 tdb1
t db1  DB Temperature of the air entering the cooling coil
t db2  DB Temperature of the air leaving the cooling coil
t db3  DB Temperature of the cooling coil surface

t db2  t db3 t t
 PF  , and the cooling efficiency = CC  db1 db2
t db1  t db3 t db1  t db3
Example 2-7
It is required to design an air-conditioning plant for a small office room for following winter
conditions :
Outdoor conditions are12ºC DBT and 10ºC WBT
Required conditions are 20ºC DBT and 60% R.H.
Amount of air circulation is 0.30 m3/min./person. Seating capacity of office are60.
The required condition is achieved first by heating and then by adiabatic humidifying.
Determine the following :
1- Heating capacity of the coil in kW and the surface temperature required if the bypass
factor of coil is 0.4.
2- The capacity of the humidifier. Solve the problem by using psychrometric chart.
Solution
Refer to the following chart, locate point 1 outdoor conditions are(12ºC DBT and 10ºC WBT)
and point 3 indoor conditions (20ºC DBT and 60% R.H). From point 1 draw a constant
specific humidity (heating)., from 3 draw a constant enthalpy line (adiabatic humidity) to
intersect the line from 1. Point 3 represent the properties of air leaving the heating coil and
entering the adiabatic humidity
From the psychrometric chart:
h1 = 29.3 kJ/kg, h2 = h3 = 42.3 kJ/kg, tdb2 = 24.5ºC,
vs1 = 0.817 m3/kg
The mass of air circulated per minute:-

 V 0.3  60
m    22.03kg/min
v1 0.817

1- Heating capacity of the heating coil = ma (h2 – h1) = 22.03 (42.3 – 29.3)
= 286.4 kJ/min = 4.77 kJ/s or 4.77kW
t db 2  t db 2
The by-pass factor (BF) of heating coil is given by 
t db 2  t db1
 t db 2  24.5
 0.4  , 0.4 ( t db 2  12 ) = tdb 2  24.5
t db 2  12

o
 t db 2 (Coil surface temperature) = 32.8 C

2- The capacity of the humidifier = m(  3  1 )

From chart ω3 = 0.0086kg/kgDA and ω1 = 0.0068kg/kgDA

 HC  22.03(0.0086  0.0068)  0.03965kg / min  2.379kg / hr

 HC  2.379kg / hr
 Example 2-8 (Using Steam table)
120m3 of air per minute at 35°C DBT and 50% relative humidity is cooled to 20°C DBT by
passing through a cooling coil. Determine the following :
(i) Relative humidity of out coming air and its wet bulb temperature.
(ii) Capacity of cooling coil in tonnes of refrigeration.
(iii) Amount of water vapour removed per hour.
Solution
For the air at 35°C DBT and 50% R.H. :
ps
psat = 0.0563 bar (At 35ºC, from steam tables),   
pg
ps = φ × psat = 0.5 × 0.0563 = 0.02815 bar.

0.622  p s 0.622  0.02815

 1    0.0177kg / kg DA , the enthalpy of the is given by:-
p  ps 1.013  0.02815

 
 h1  c p t db1  1 hg1  1.88 t db1  t dp1 
 The dew point of the outdoor temperature (psat = ps), therefore from steam table and at
psat=0.02815bar, tdp1 = 23oC, hg at 35oC = 2565.3kJ/kg, therefore
 h1  1.005  35  0.01772565.3  1.8835  23  80.98kJ / kg DA
For the air at 20°C. As the saturation vapour pressure at 20ºC is 0.02337bar, less than the
vapour pressure 0.02815bar at 35ºC, so that condensation takes place and air will be saturated
at 20°C.
(i) Relative humidity of exit air is 100 per cent. (Ans.). Since the air is saturated, wet bulb
temperature is equal to dry bulb temperature = 20°C. (Ans.)
0.622  p g 0.622  0.02337
2   g    0.0147kg / kg DA
p  pg 1.013  0.02337

  
 h2  c p t db 2   2 h g 2  1.88 t db 2  t dp 2 , t db  t dp Saturated 

 h2  1.005  20  0.01472538.1  1.8820  20  57.41kJ / kg DA

The mass of water vapour removed per kg of dry air = 0.0177 – 0.0147 = 0.003 kg/kgDA

Heat removed per kg of dry air = h1 – h2 = 80.98 – 57.41 = 23.57 kJ/kgDA

Mass of dry air passing per minute

 p V
ma  a a 
1.013  0.02815  10  120  133.7kg / min
5

R a Ta 287  35  273

(ii) Capacity of the cooling coil in tonnes of refrigeration
1 ton of refrigeration (TR) = 3.517 kW

m a h 1  h 2  133.7  23.57
CCC    14.934TR
3.517 60  3.517

(iii) Amount of water removed per hour = ma (ω1 – ω2) × 60

= 133.7 (0.0177 – 0.0147) × 60 = 24.066 kg/h

Example 2-9 (Using Steam table)
Saturated air at 3ºC is required to be supplied to a room where the temperature must be held at
22ºC with a relative humidity of 55%. The air is heated and then water at 10ºC is sprayed to
give the required humidity. Determine :
(i) The mass of spray water required per m3 of air at room conditions.
(ii) The temperature to which the air must be heated.
Neglect the fan power. Assume that the total pressure is constant at 1.0132 bar

(i) Mass of spray water required. At t3 = 22ºC

From steam tables : psat3 = 0.0264bar
ps3 = φ3 × psat3 = 0.55 × 0.0264 = 0.01452bar.
 0.622  p s 3 0.622  0.01452
 3    0.00904 kg/kg of dry air
p  p s3 1.013  0.01452

At t1 = 3ºC. From steam tables : psat = 0.0076bar

ps1 = psat1 = 0.0076 bar (Saturated)

0.622  p s1 0.622  0.0076

 1    0.0047 kg/kg of dry air
p  p s1 1.013  0.0076

ω3 – ω1 = 0.00904 – 0.0047 = 0.00434 kg/kg of dry air

R a Ta 3 287  273  22 3

va 3    0.847 m /kg of dry air
p a3 1.013  0.01452  10 5

0.00434
Spray water =  0.005124 kg/m 3
0.847
(ii) Temperature to which the air must be heated tdb2 : Now

h2 + (ω3 – ω2) h4 = h3

c p t db2   2 hg 2  3  2 h4  c p t db3  3hg 3

c p t db3  t db 2   h g 33  h g 2 2  h4 3   2   0

From the steam tables at 22oC, psat = 0.01452 bar : hg = 2524 kJ/kg and tdp = tsat = 12.5ºC

1.005(22 – tdb2 ) + 0.00904[2524 + 1.88(22 – 12.5)] – 0.0047 [2524 + 1.88( tdb2 – 12.5)] – (0.00434 ×
4.187 × 10) = 0

22.11 – 1.005 tdb2 + 22.97 – 11.86 – 0.0088 tdb2 + 0.11 – 0.1817 = 0

1.014 tdb2 = 33.148

∴ tdb2 = 32.7ºC
Example 2-10
Air at 10oC and 90% R.H, the air is heated, humidified and reheated to 35oC DBT and 22.5oC
WBT, before the air is reheated sensibly to final conditions and after adiabatic humidification
the RH is 90%. Find :-
1- The temperature of air leaving the heating process.
2- The heat required for heating processes.
3- The quantity of water required in the humidifier
5- Humidification efficiency.
Solution
First, the initial state (1) and final state (4) are fixed in psychrometric chart. The properties of
air leaving the heater are unknown, so a line is drawn horizontally (sensible) from initial state in
the direction of temperature increase. From final state a line is drawn horizontally (Reheating
process) towards 90% RH to fix the conditions of air leaving the humidifier and before reheated
(3). Since the humidification is adiabatically, a line of constant enthalpy is drawn from the
conditions of the air leaving humidifier to define the conditions of air leaving the heating coil
(2). The processes are located on psychometric, chart shown in the figure below.
From Chart:-
1- The temperature of air leaving the heating process (tdb3 = 31.5oC)

2- The heat required for heating processes QH = (h2 - h1) + (h4 - h3)
 h3  h2 (Adiabatic humidification)
 QH  h4  h1
From chart h4 = 67kJ/kg and h1 = 27kJ/kg

 Q H  67  27  50kJ / kg

3- The quantity of water required in the humidifier = ω2 - ω1

From chart ω2 = 0.012kg/kgDA and ω1 = 0.007kg/kgDA
 m w  0.012  0.007  0.0054kg / kg DA
3   2
4- Humidification efficiency (ηHum) =
 3  2
From chart  3  0.0126kg / kg DA
0.0122  0.0068
 Hum   0.931  93.1%
0.0126  0.0068
 Example 2-11
300m3 per minute of air at 40DBT and 26WBT is supplied to a hall, first the air is cooled and
dehumidified by cooling coil has a bypass factor 0.32 and 15oC surface temperature. The
dehumidification is complete by passing the air through chemical drier where the temperature
of air is being 30oC. Finally the air is passing through a sensible cooling coil and the leaves at
15DBT. Find:-
1- Cooling coil bypass factor.
2- Capacity of cooling coils and dehumidifier.
Solution
1- Locate the outdoor conditions in psychrometric chart 1 (40DBT and 26WBT)
2-Draw a line from 1 towards 15oC WBT in saturation curve (cooling coil surface temp.). To
fix the condition of air leaving the cooling coil 2, the bypass factor relation is applied as follow
t db 2  t db 2
 B.P 
t db1  t db 2
 t db 2  Cooling Coil Surface Temperature
t db 2  15
 0.32   t db 2  23o C
40  15
3- From 2 draw a line at constant enthalpy (chemical drier) till the temperature of air been 30oC to
represent state 3 (condition of air leaving the drier)

4- From 3 draw a horizontal line towards temperature decrease to represent the sensible cooling
process (cooling coil) till the temp. of air equal 15oC. The conditioning air processes is shown in the
chart below.
From chart the cooling coil surface temperature tdb 4 is equal 11.5oC.
t db 4  t db 4 15  11.5
1- Cooling coil bypass factor =   0.175
t db3  t db 4 31.5  11.5

2- Cooling Coil Capacity (CCC) = ṁ{(h1 - h2) + (h3 - h4)} h2  h3


 CCC  mh 1  h 4 
From chart h1 = 80.75kJ/kg, h4 = 37kJ/kg, and v1  0.91m 3 / kg
V 300
m    5.5kg / s
v1 60  0.91

 CCC  5.580.75  37   240.63kW

The dehumidifier capacity (DHC) = ṁ {(ω1 - ω2) + (ω2 - ω3)} = ṁ ( 1  3 )
From chart ω1 = 0.0155kg/kgDA, and ω3 = 0.0085kg/kgDA

 DHC  5.50.0155  0.0085  0.0385kg / s  2.31kg / min

Example 2-12

A meeting room is to be maintained at 22oC DBT and 70% RH, the outdoor conditions are 30oC DBT
and 75% RH. The volume of air circulated in the room is 200m3/min. The conditioning air is obtained
using cooling coil (cooling and dehumidifying) has 14oC surface temperature, then the air is passed
through heating coil. Find:-
1- Cooling coil capacity, and bypass factor.
2- The amount of water removed from the air by dehumidifier.
3- Heating coil capacity and its surface temperature if the efficiency is 0.8.

Solution

1- Locate the room and outdoor conditions, (22oC DBT and 70% RH) and (30oC DBT and 75% RH)
respectively.

2- From outdoor conditions draw a line towards the cooling coil surface temp (14oC). The properties
of air leaving the cooling coil is unknown.

3- From indoor conditions draw a horizontal line (heating process) to cross with the line of cooling
coil process.

4- The intersection will define the properties of air leaving the cooling coil and enters the heating coil.
The conditioning processes is shown in the chart
1- Cooling coil capacity (CCC) = ṁ (h2 – h1)
From chart h1 = 82kJ/kg, h2 = 41kJ/kg, and v1  0.8625m 3 / kg
V 200
m    3.86kg / s  CCC  3.8641  82  158.26kW (-ve)
v1 60  0.8625
Removing heat
 CCC  158.26kW
t db 2  t db 2 16.4  14
Cooling coil bypass factor =   0.15
t db1  t db 2 30  14

2- The dehumidifier capacity (DHC) = m (ω2 - ω1)

From chart ω1 = 0.0202kg/kgDA, and ω2 = 0.0114kg/kgDA
 DHC  3.860.0114  0.0202  0.03397kg / s (-ve) Removing water
 DHC  2.04kg / min

3- Heating coil capacity = mh 3  h 2 

From chart h3 = 51kJ/kg, h2 = 41kJ/kg
 HCC  3.8651  41  38.6kW
t db 3  t db3 t db 3  22
Heating coil bypass factor =   0 .2
t db 3  t db 2 t db 3  16.25
 t db 3  23.44 o C

Therefore the heating coil surface temperature = 23.44oC