The DTU10 Global Gravity field and mean sea

surface – improvements in the Arctic

Ole B. Andersen

Acknowledge
NGA (Kenyon et al.)
De Montford (P. A. M Berry)
 Outline

From DNSC 08 -> DTU 10

• Intro – setting the scene outline the problems

• Retracking

• Data Editing (ERS-1 and ENVISAT) Existing ERM data

• Ice-retreat

• Corrections (which to apply – difference)

• Accuracy

2 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Gravity field
Gravity field
Gravity field

sea mount

The Sea surface height mimicks the geoid

MSS = Geoid + Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT)

Gravity from MDT corrected MSS (=Geoid)

∂T T 1 ∂N N
∆g =L∆g (T ) =− −2 ≈− ( +2 )
∂r r γ ∂r r

Invert and map of the distribution of mass within the earth:

density changes and bathymetry -> Bathymetry prediction.
3 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Problems / Editing ENVISAT and ERS2

Height rel to PGM04 : ERS-2 (ALL) ENVISAT (ALL)

4 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Number of Envisat points (out of 90 repeats)
Data – Quality (Edited)
82
81

79

77

75
180W Canada Greenland Nova Zemlya 180E

Retracking Needed
5 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Different Surfaces – Retracking Revisited

Ocean Echoes
ERS-2 Ocean Waveforms

1600

1400

1200

Power (counts)
1000

800

600

400

200

1
5
9
13
17
S11

21
25
29
33
37
41
45
S1

49
53

57
Bin number

61
Desert – Australia Inland Water (River – lake - ice)
Topex C Sahara 15N000E Inland Water Waveforms

3500 25000

3000
20000
2500

Power (counts)
2000 15000
counts
1500
10000
1000

500 5000

0 S25
1

S13 0
6
11
16

NO.
1
21

5
26

9
31

13
36

S12

17
S1
41

21
R, P.6 Berry, J. Freeman
25
46

29
51

33
56

37
61

41
Rsampled bins

45
S1

49
DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

53
57
IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010

61
Bin number
 1600

1400

Waveform distribution
1200

1000

800

Polar regions
600

400

200

100%
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63
Waveform Bin Number

Sea Ice-Like

90% Abnormally wide leading edge

1400

80% 1200

1000

70%
Ocean 800

600

60%
400

200

50%
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63
Waveform Bin Number

40%

30%
Patch ‘Real’ ocean waveforms
2000

1800

20%
1600

1400

Others 1200

10% 1000

800

600

0% 400

200
10 00
15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

96 5
10

10 05

11 10

11 15

12 20

12 25

13 30

13 35

14 40

14 45

0
5

15
9
1

1
1
0
11

16

21

26

31

36

41

46

51

56

61

66

71

76

81

86

91
6

Ocean-like with
1

6
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63
Waveform Bin Number

Number of waveforms from coast

quasi-specular component
14 Different waveforms
Analysed using EAPRS

”Famous” GM example
7 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Retracking ERS-2
Melting Ice example
- First test

TRACK EX
NOT THIS
TRK USED

8 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 MSS + Gravity Improvent:

Succesfully retracked the ERS-1 GM mission.

The ERS-2 GM + ENVISAT GM is ongoing (MSS + Climate + Sea level Change)
DTU12MSS, DTU12GRAV

Until then:
DTU10MSS, DTU10GRAV
Improved editing
Take advantage of Climate Change (Ice-retreat)

Improving:
Range and geophysical Corrections (ocean tide etc)
Implementing Annual correction for better mean (seasonal data)

9 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Total sea ice retreat

March
Decrease in total sea ice extent:

September: 11.1 % per decade

March: 2.8 % per decade

Richter-Menge et al, 2008

September

Fortunately ENVISAT survived 2007. Will investigate

10 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Data – Quality (Edited)

Editing problems??
11 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Replace Mask editing with MSS editing

12 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Range + Geophys Corrections

Standards CLS01 DNSC08MSS DTU 10

Reference period 1993-1999 1993-2004 1993-2009

Orbit ORB_POE_N GGM02/ITRF2000 EIGEN-GL04C
Dry troposphere ECMWF ECMWF ECMWF
Wet troposphere Radiometer ECMWF Radiometer
Ionosphere Altimeter Altimeter Altimeter
Dynamic Atmosphere IB (1011 mbar) IB (1013 mbar) MOG-2D_IB
Ocean tides GOT 99 GOT 00.2 GOT4.7
Sea State Bias BM4 BM4 Non-PARAM

These will affect the MSS determination, but not so much Gravity.

13 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Extending MSS to 17 years

DTU10MSS – DNSC08MSS (3 cm average difference)

cm

14 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
Gravity – DTU10

Refining
Filtering (lower)

321.400 obs Mean Std Dev. Max Dev Note

KMS02 0.44 5.15 49.38

DNSC08 0.39 3.91 36.91 Double Retrack

DTU10 0.39 3.82 36.89

SS V12.1 0.62 5.79 82.20

GSFC 00.1 0.68 6.14 89.91

NTU01 0.79 6.10 92.10

SS V16.1 0.59 4.88 45.29 Retracked ERS1+GSA

15 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark3.96
SS V18.1 0.41 36.99 IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
Correlation length remains
The same.

900 points Std (mGal) Max (mGal)

KMS02 9.4 51.2
Laxon and McAdoo (97) 7.2 46.2
ArcGP (01-06) 5.8 34.4
SS 16.1 / 18.1 8.2 / 5.9 44.9 / 37.4
DSNC08 4.1 24.0
DTU10 4.0 24.0

16 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010
 Summary

DTU10MSS + DTU10GRAV is an improvement over DNSC08.

Currently improving:
Retracking the entire ERS-2 + ENVISAT
Exact Repeat Mission (17 years)

CRYOSAT-2 First results are

VERY INTERESTING………..

New 2011/2012 fields in preparation DTU10 removed striation caused

By HarmSynth and visible in EGM08
1 minute field.

17 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark IGFS-2, Fairbanks, Alaska, Sept 2010