Circle Geometry

Circle Geometry
Circle Geometry Definitions
 Circle Geometry
Circle Geometry Definitions
 Circle Geometry
Circle Geometry Definitions
Radius: an interval joining centre to the
circumference

radius
 Circle Geometry
Circle Geometry Definitions
Radius: an interval joining centre to the
circumference
Diameter:an interval passing through the
radius centre, joining any two points
on the circumference
diameter
 Circle Geometry
Circle Geometry Definitions
Radius: an interval joining centre to the
circumference
Diameter:an interval passing through the
radius centre, joining any two points
on the circumference
diameter Chord:an interval joining two points on
the circumference

chord
 Circle Geometry
Circle Geometry Definitions
Radius: an interval joining centre to the
circumference
Diameter:an interval passing through the
radius centre, joining any two points
on the circumference
diameter Chord:an interval joining two points on
the circumference
secant
Secant: a line that cuts the circle
chord
 Circle Geometry
Circle Geometry Definitions
Radius: an interval joining centre to the
circumference
Diameter:an interval passing through the
radius centre, joining any two points
on the circumference
diameter Chord:an interval joining two points on
the circumference
secant
Secant: a line that cuts the circle
chord
Tangent: a line that touches the circle

tangent
 Circle Geometry
Circle Geometry Definitions
Radius: an interval joining centre to the
arc
circumference
Diameter:an interval passing through the
radius centre, joining any two points
on the circumference
diameter Chord:an interval joining two points on
the circumference
secant
Secant: a line that cuts the circle
chord
Tangent: a line that touches the circle

tangent Arc: a piece of the circumference

 Sector: a plane figure with two radii and an
arc as boundaries.

sector
 Sector: a plane figure with two radii and an
arc as boundaries.
The minor sector is the small “piece of the
pie”, the major sector is the large “piece”

sector
 Sector: a plane figure with two radii and an
arc as boundaries.
The minor sector is the small “piece of the
pie”, the major sector is the large “piece”
A quadrant is a sector where the angle at
sector the centre is 90 degrees
 Sector: a plane figure with two radii and an
arc as boundaries.
The minor sector is the small “piece of the
pie”, the major sector is the large “piece”
A quadrant is a sector where the angle at
sector the centre is 90 degrees

segment
Segment:a plane figure with a chord and an
arc as boundaries.
 Sector: a plane figure with two radii and an
arc as boundaries.
The minor sector is the small “piece of the
pie”, the major sector is the large “piece”
A quadrant is a sector where the angle at
sector the centre is 90 degrees

segment
Segment:a plane figure with a chord and an
arc as boundaries.
A semicircle is a segment where the chord is
the diameter, it is also a sector as the diameter
is two radii.
Concyclic Points:points that lie on the same circle.

A
B

D
C
Concyclic Points:points that lie on the same circle.

A
B

concyclic points

D
C
 Concyclic Points:points that lie on the same circle.

A
B

cyclic quadrilateral concyclic points

D
C

Cyclic Quadrilateral: a four sided shape with all vertices on the

same circle.
 α

A
B
 α

A
B

α represents the angle

subtended at the centre by
the arc AB
 β

A
B
α represents the angle
subtended at the centre by
the arc AB
 β

A
B
α represents the angle
subtended at the centre by
the arc AB
β represents the angle
subtended at the
circumference by the arc AB
 β

A
B
α represents the angle
subtended at the centre by
the arc AB
β represents the angle
subtended at the
circumference by the arc AB
 β

A
B
α represents the angle Concentric circles have the
subtended at the centre by same centre.
the arc AB
β represents the angle
subtended at the
circumference by the arc AB
Circles touching internally
share a common tangent.
Circles touching internally
share a common tangent.

Circles touching externally

share a common tangent.
Circles touching internally
share a common tangent.

Circles touching externally

share a common tangent.
Circles touching internally
share a common tangent.

Circles touching externally

share a common tangent.
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.

A
X
B
O
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A
X
B
O
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A Data : AB ⊥ OX
X
B
O
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A Data : AB ⊥ OX
X Prove : AX = BX
B
O
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A Data : AB ⊥ OX
X Prove : AX = BX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A Data : AB ⊥ OX
X Prove : AX = BX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
∠AXO = ∠BXO = 90 ( given )( R )
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A Data : AB ⊥ OX
X Prove : AX = BX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
∠AXO = ∠BXO = 90 ( given )( R )
AO = BO ( = radii )( H )
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A Data : AB ⊥ OX
X Prove : AX = BX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
∠AXO = ∠BXO = 90 ( given )( R )
AO = BO ( = radii )( H )
OX is common (S)
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A Data : AB ⊥ OX
X Prove : AX = BX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
∠AXO = ∠BXO = 90 ( given )( R )
AO = BO ( = radii )( H )
OX is common (S)
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆BXO ( RHS )
Chord (Arc) Theorems
Note: = chords cut off = arcs
(1) A perpendicular drawn to a chord from the centre of a circle bisects
the chord, and the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre.
AX = BX ( ⊥ from centre, bisects chord )
A Data : AB ⊥ OX
X Prove : AX = BX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
∠AXO = ∠BXO = 90 ( given )( R )
AO = BO ( = radii )( H )
OX is common (S)
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆BXO ( RHS )
∴ AX = BX ( matching sides in ≡ ∆'s )
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.

A
X
B
O
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A
X
B
O
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
B
O
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
AX = BX ( given )( S )
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
AX = BX ( given )( S )
AO = BO ( = radii )( S )
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
AX = BX ( given )( S )
AO = BO ( = radii )( S )
OX is common (S)
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
AX = BX ( given )( S )
AO = BO ( = radii )( S )
OX is common (S)
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆BXO ( SSS )
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
AX = BX ( given )( S )
AO = BO ( = radii )( S )
OX is common (S)
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆BXO ( SSS )
∴∠AXO = ∠BXO ( matching ∠'s in ≡ ∆'s )
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
AX = BX ( given )( S )
AO = BO ( = radii )( S )
OX is common (S)
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆BXO ( SSS )
∴∠AXO = ∠BXO ( matching ∠'s in ≡ ∆'s )
∠AXO + ∠BXO = 180 ( straight ∠ AXB )
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
AX = BX ( given )( S )
AO = BO ( = radii )( S )
OX is common (S)
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆BXO ( SSS )
∴∠AXO = ∠BXO ( matching ∠'s in ≡ ∆'s )
∠AXO + ∠BXO = 180 ( straight ∠ AXB )
2∠AXO = 180
∠AXO = 90
(2) Converse of (1)
The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of the chord at
right angles.
OX ⊥ AB ( line joining centre to midpoint, ⊥ to chord )
A Data : AX = BX
X
Prove : AB ⊥ OX
B
O Proof: Join OA, OB
AX = BX ( given )( S )
AO = BO ( = radii )( S )
OX is common (S)
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆BXO ( SSS )
∴∠AXO = ∠BXO ( matching ∠'s in ≡ ∆'s )
∠AXO + ∠BXO = 180 ( straight ∠ AXB )
2∠AXO = 180
∠AXO = 90
∴ AB ⊥ OX
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.

O X
B
C Y D
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)

O X
B
C Y D
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
A

O X
B
C Y D
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A

O X
B
C Y D
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O X
B
C Y D
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
B
C Y D
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
AB = CD ( given )
B
C Y D
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
AB = CD ( given )
1
C Y D
B AX = AB ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
AB = CD ( given )
1
C Y D
B AX = AB ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
1
CY = CD ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
AB = CD ( given )
1
C Y D
B AX = AB ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
1
CY = CD ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
∴ AX = CY (S)
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
AB = CD ( given )
1
C Y D
B AX = AB ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
1
CY = CD ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
∴ AX = CY (S)
∠AXO = ∠CYO = 90 ( given )( R )
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
AB = CD ( given )
1
C Y D
B AX = AB ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
1
CY = CD ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
∴ AX = CY (S)
∠AXO = ∠CYO = 90 ( given )( R )
OA = OC ( = radii )( H )
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
AB = CD ( given )
1
C Y D
B AX = AB ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
1
CY = CD ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
∴ AX = CY (S)
∠AXO = ∠CYO = 90 ( given )( R )
OA = OC ( = radii )( H )
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆CYO ( RHS )
(3) Equal chords of a circle are the same distance from the centre and
subtend equal angles at the centre.
OX = OY ( = chords, equidistant from centre)
∠AOB = ∠COD ( = chords subtend = ∠' s at centre)
Data: AB = CD, OX ⊥ AB, OY ⊥ CD
A
Prove : OX = OY
O Proof: Join OA, OC
X
AB = CD ( given )
1
C Y D
B AX = AB ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
1
CY = CD ( ⊥ bisects chord )
2
∴ AX = CY (S)
∠AXO = ∠CYO = 90 ( given )( R )
OA = OC ( = radii )( H )
∴ ∆AXO ≡ ∆CYO ( RHS )
∴ OX = OY ( matching sides in ≡ ∆'s )
 A

B
C D
 Data : AB = CD
A

B
C D
 Data : AB = CD
A Prove : ∠AOB = ∠COD

B
C D
 Data : AB = CD
A Prove : ∠AOB = ∠COD

O
Proof: AB = CD ( given )

B
C D
 Data : AB = CD
A Prove : ∠AOB = ∠COD

O
Proof: AB = CD ( given )
AO = BO = CO = DO ( = radii )
B
C D
 Data : AB = CD
A Prove : ∠AOB = ∠COD

O
Proof: AB = CD ( given )
AO = BO = CO = DO ( = radii )
C D
B ∴ ∆AOB ≡ ∆COD ( SSS )
 Data : AB = CD
A Prove : ∠AOB = ∠COD

O
Proof: AB = CD ( given )
AO = BO = CO = DO ( = radii )
C D
B ∴ ∆AOB ≡ ∆COD ( SSS )
∴∠AOB = ∠COD ( matching ∠'s in ≡ ∆'s )
 Data : AB = CD
A Prove : ∠AOB = ∠COD

O
Proof: AB = CD ( given )
AO = BO = CO = DO ( = radii )
C D
B ∴ ∆AOB ≡ ∆COD ( SSS )
∴∠AOB = ∠COD ( matching ∠'s in ≡ ∆'s )

Exercise 9A; 1 ce, 2 aceg, 3, 4, 9, 10 ac, 11 ac, 13, 15, 16, 18