MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering HYDRAULICS LABORATORY Course & Section: CE(42P /Ci Group No.: z Experiment No. C§eborne Regpald < Devonstration TITLE Engr Chis Edward Monyarclin InstructorHYDRAULICS DEPARTMENT Name: CATAMIN ANDREW yop cee ; Subject & Section: CEI /¢1 Date Performed: August 1p, 209 Instructor: Eng. Crig Eduard Mouerdin — Date Submitted: Agsuct 13,20 EXPERIMENT NO. 7 OSBORNE REYNOLD’S DEMONSTRATION OBJECTIVE To observe laminar, transitional and turbine pipe flow. EQUIPMENT Hydraulics Bench Reynold’s ApparatusThermometer Stopwatch PRINCIPLE aximun} velocity on the axis, zero velocity at the tube wall and a parabolic velocity distribution, Increasing the flow rate substantially will alter the flow behavior dramatically, as the inertia of the fluid (due to its density) becomes more signiftcant then the viscous forces; this is then a turbulent flow. ve Reynolds Number, Re, provides a useful way of characterizing the flow, it is defined as: Re= vd/v Where \_ is the kinematic viscosity; v is the mean velocity in terms of the volume flow rate and d is the diameter of the pipe. Ttis common practice to take a Reynolds number of 2,000 as the value which divides laminar from turbulent flow. However, this does not take account of the "ansition region and it may also be possible (with great care) to keep a flow laminar 39< 1,800 are inherently laminar. for Reynolds numbers up to 10,000 or more. Also, pipe flow with Reynolds number PROCEDURE 1, Position the Reynold’s apparatus on a fixed, vibration-free surface (not the hydraulic bench) and ensure that the base is horizontal, i.e, the test-section is then] vertical. Attach the bell-mouth entry and carefully add marbles to the head tank, placing them in by hand. The bell-mouth and marbles produce an Inflow to the test-section with a low level of disturbances. 2. Connect the bench outflow connection to the head tank inlet pipe. Connect the head tank overflow to the hydraulic bench volumetric tank. Attach the outflow tube to the apparatus flow control valve and clamp the end of this tube at a fixed position above the volumetric tank, allowing enough space for the insertion of the measuring cylinder. NOTE: Movement of the outflow tube end during a test will cause Changes in volume fiow rate, which is driven by the height difference between the head tank surface and the outflow point. 3. Start the pump. Slightly open the apparatus flow control vaive, then open the bench valve and allow the systern to fill with water. Check particularly that 40the flow visualization pipe is properly filled. Once the water level in the head tank reaches the overflow tube, adjust the bench control valve to produce a low overflow rate. 4. Check that the dye control valve is closed. Add dye to the dye reservoir until itis approximately two thirds full. Attach the hypodermic needle. Hold the dye assembly aver a sink, and open the valve, to check for free flow of the dye. Use the stylus provided to clean the needle, if a steady flow of dye cannot be established. Then mount the dye injector on the head tank and lower the injector until its outlet is just above the bell mouth and centered on its axis. 5. Adjust the bench valve and apparatus flow control valve to return the oon rate to a slow trickle (if required), then allow the apparatus to stand foi at least five minutes before proceeding. * TAKING A SET OF RESULTS 1. With the apparatus flow control valve open slightly, and the bench valve adjusted to produce a siow trickle through the overflow pipe, adjust the dye cohtrol valve until a slow flow with clear dye indication is achieved. In order to] observe the velocity profile in laminar flow, close the bench valve to deposit a drop of dye at the bell mouth entry. When the outlet control valve is lopened observe the dye as It deforms to take up a three-dimensional parabolic profile. Make sure the volume flow rate by timed collection, and measure the outflow temperature (the temperature of the water gathered in the measuring cylinder). Determine the kinematic viscosity form the data sheet provided, and check the Reynold’s number corresponding to this flow type. Intrease the flow rate by opening the apparatus flow control valve and repeat the dye injections to visualize transitional flow and then, at the highest flow ree turbulent flow, as characterized by continuous and very rapid mixing of the dye. As the test section fiow rate is reduced, adjust the bench valve to kebp the overflow rate at a low level. Note that at intermediate flows it Is Possible to have a laminar characteristic in the upper part of the test-section, which develops into transitional flow lower down. This upper section behavior is described as an “inlet length flow”, which means that the boundary layer has not yet extended across the pipe radius. Note: Please see the tabulated kinematic viscosity of water at atmospheric Pressure in Class Demonstration No.3. 41th $65" One | MOE 70 [s-"7AT'T LF] ot SUNT, foo? € SEICGT | tz 9_| 00,90 -z | 5.0F 7001 of 6lht_| 20070 z | SEhOT | FOTO [s0KIOC To C00 T Of 36 F000. iE Susie fi | pote | pWHe0-1 [4.07 2001 og cu $00: € [niet 1 | OCT |S O9n 6 bX LOOT of | kts $09" z € 1G: T jo [,orhiee T f-91Xz007] OF Z pee 100° 1 380 4609°O |.reRgeh |y.01¥ 2007 oz ROT 500° 0 a | 19th! “T [OSES bh O1XZ00 1] of tr 520° 0 iz @ o92el | hidn DO KOIKZgO0TT |y.0% COT 4 6t Pah 500-0 T SHEET | opoed | oxsit OZ woth | 3900 e aeBeb [38th] |, orn ° 50 eh Tt Z I 4) bel tl | s.0)¥ 3997 eee eee $000 a. * iu) | hw) | AES 6.) (085) ew : 2) A 0 Ch ) dump ‘ mn WRI | ‘ON dno z a le aa NOLLVUISNOWAG S,CTONAaY ANYOSSO Z ON INIWTTIT — ON .tvas oe “ON dNOw S110 NOEs open Tas) moCTOT PMA ava T LRU map” UPMIAKpOS saWWN 133HS VLV TWNI4& ig : — Capo sT €S"|_ [Ar ¢cr) [9200-1 | oz | ob oe € fygtel! 59X65 | 491600" ova SE) 5009) z 06" C18) sareend [5 12-1 or qh BS 00D iintroduc hon Reynalal's slumber 1s Used fo delermne If fhe Plow of the fluid 1 laminar op furkulent If the Reynold 's Number & tess than 2000 then the Plow 1 laminar but ¢ if « greater than 2000 then the Plow 1s thbulent. the Reynold’s number hac no unrt for fu the ratio of inertial ces fo viscous Bices within a Fluid ‘which subjected ip relate inkenal movement due to different Fluid velocettes. Determnmg the fow of jhe Fluicl < important fo avoid turtulent Moass as much as ostble for if aan damage the pipes if fo. burst or couse Flow wahere viscous: forces 1s descnbecl as a smooth lent Plow i where laminar are dominant , dnd and constant Plow. Tat the inertial Forces are dormvnant. thw creates violent eddtes vortices and ingfabili tres turbulent Flow mast be avaded at much The Reyndd's Number « defined in situations where a Flud « In relative motion toa surface. We can see these definhong fhe equation Re =pvl “tL , where p & dencity, v for velocity, L for length» and ac For the dynamic viscatty of the FluMaterials Used 1.) Hydeuilics Bench -provides a centrale recrcilating w supply dnd accurate Flow mefef for nydrautic and Fi mechanics expenment. aes 1) Reynold's Apparatas thermometer - demonstrates the. princi OF kaminar dnd turblylent flow and defermination of Rey Number for yanous Flow paterOryectives To observe lamar, trang tonal and burbine Pipe fi Conclusion The group Observed foth the laminar and the turbulent Flow using the Reynolds Apparatus Thermo fo perform the Osborne Reyndld's demanctrahon. for expenment, the kinematic viccostty and diameter cP constant, meaning the only varying factor velocity of the gud bated on iff volumetric Flow rate. With the data gathere!,the group has observed that the laminar Flow has Q lower velocity whe compared to the turbulent flow which fas a much Agher velocity. Thi comples with Fhe equation Used fo. Find the Regnold's Number of a Fluid! Treal |, whch has a Reytold’ Number of fess than 2000 has the lowest velocity Which concludes that if is a laminar Pous while both fnals 2 and 3 have Reynold lumber greater than 2000 and both have high which conclude that both Tale are furbulent flowuced to defenmine IF the Flow of Fluid us ettter laminar or furtulent: In the experiment, the acu made earlier in the experiment have been Confirmed. The Reyncll’s Number can be ated to calculate the coeFfcrent of Frchon tn’ the cale of Fricton loss ih fhe pipes. Tarbarlent Rows can damage or even burst pipes. The Can be Fired with pumps which are expensive and requires extensive Mm fainance Vibrato: Produced by furbetlent Plows can 9 damage the structure of wha ever of the pipe i @ part P Examples are Cart, Ships and planes