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Div.
1 Vessels: Lethal Service
ASME Sec VIII – Division 1
LETHAL SERVICE
astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 1

Gain
By completion of this module…..you will
1. Have an idea of Lethal Service

2. Be able to capture additional requirments
3. Be able to effectively audit vessel documents

First Level study Pages
General
Introduction
Sub sec. A - UG
Sub sec. B - UW Fabrication
Sub sec. C - UCS
Materials

Para Identification
Unfired Vessel: U
General : UG
Welding : UW
Carbon Steel: UCS ……..and so on
Title SCOPE
0mm U-1
4 mm (a)
8 mm (1)
12 mm (-a)
16 mm (-1)
Numeric-(Alphabetic)-(Numeric)

Punctuations
. (period) - Halt
: (Colon) – Introducing explanation, examples or series
; (Semi colon) – Connects two clauses by close relation
, (Comma) – Short Pause (AND)
Parenthesis - Unit conversion

Page 687
(pdf 753) Foot “End” Note - Caution

Code key words
Shall, will - Mandatory

May not - Prohibited
May, can - Recommendations
Except, Unless - exemption from Prohibitions
Should - recommendations or
mandatory but looking for
alternative

Definition of LETHAL
UW-2 SERVICE RESTRICTIONS

(a)When vessels are to contain lethal65 substances…..
Primary
Focus on
ENDNOTES Page 687 + within UW-2 Welding
65 By “lethal substances” are meant poisonous gases or liquids of such a

nature that a very small amount of the gas or of the vapor of the liquid
mixed or unmixed with air is dangerous to life when inhaled.
For purposes of this Division, this class includes substances of this nature
which are stored under pressure or may generate a pressure if stored in a
closed vessel.

STEPS
Main Topic LETHAL
Sub Topic RT PWHT
Heat Ex Autogenous High Alloy

Exemptions Tubes weld Steels
All, IF,
EXCEPT,
AND, OR
Restrictions Hydro test ECT etc.

Category (CAT)
“Category” as used herein defines the location of a joint in a vessel, but

not the type of joint.
Any weld within a dished head is “CAT A”

TYPE
TYPE of a welded joint - Integrity Level/ Efficient
Butt joints as attained by

double‐‐ welding or by other means that
will obtain the same quality of deposited
weld metal on the inside and outside
weld surfaces to agree with the
requirements of UW-35. Welds using
metal backing strips that remain in place
are excluded
Single‐‐ welded butt joint with backing

strip other than those included under
Type 1

Table UW 12

UW-2 (a)
0 mm UW-2
4 mm - Only (a) shown (a) (b) (c) (d)
8 mm (1) (2) (3) (4)
12 mm (-a) (-b) (-c) (-d) (-a) (-b)
16 mm (-1) (-2) (-3) (-1) (-2) (-3)
20 mm (+a) (+b) (+c)
23/36
info

UW-2 (b) (c) (d) RESTRICTIONS
0 mm UW-2
4 mm - (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
8 mm (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3)
12 mm (-a) (-b)
13/36
info

UW-2 (a)
Lethal Defined in
addition
When vessels are to contain lethal65 substances, either liquid to Endall butt
or gaseous,
welded joints shall be fully radiographed, except under the Note 65
provisions of (2) and
(3) below, and UW-11(a)(4).
ERW pipe or tube is not permitted to be used as a shell or nozzle in lethal service
applications.
When fabricated of carbon or low alloy steel, such vessels shall be post weld heat
treated.
When a vessel is to contain fluids of such a nature that a very small amount mixed or
unmixed with air is dangerous to life when inhaled, it shall be the responsibility of the
user and/or his designated agent to determine if it is lethal.
If determined as lethal, the user and/or his designated agent [see U-2(a)] shall so
advise the designer and/or Manufacturer.
It shall be the responsibility of the Manufacturer to comply with the applicable

Code provisions

Exceptions for UW-2 (a)
all butt welded joints shall be fully radiographed,
except
under the provisions of (2) and (3) below, and

UW-11(a)(4)
When vessels are to contain lethal65 substances, either liquid or gaseous, all butt
welded joints shall be fully radiographed, except under the provisions of (2) and (3)
below, and UW-11(a)(4).

(2) (3) ..Heat Exchanger
except
(2) Radiographic examination of the welded seam in exchanger tubes and pipes, to
a material specification permitted by this Division, which are butt welded without the
addition of filler metal may be waived, provided the tube or pipe is totally enclosed
within a shell of a vessel which meets the requirements of (a).
(3) If only one side of a heat exchanger contains a lethal substance, the other side
need not be built to the rules for a vessel in lethal service if:
(-a) exchanger tubes are seamless; or

(-b) exchanger tubes conform to a tube specification permitted by this Division,
are butt welded without addition of filler metal, and receive in lieu of full
radiography all of the following nondestructive testing and examination:
(-1) hydro test in accordance with the applicable specification;
(-2) pneumatic test under water in accordance with the applicable material
specification, or if not specified, in accordance with SA-688;
(-3) ultrasonic or nondestructive electric examination of sufficient sensitivity to
detect surface calibration notches in any direction in accordance with SA-557,
S1 or S3.
No improvement in longitudinal joint efficiency is permitted because of the additional
nondestructive tests.
UW-2 (a) View
UW-2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(-a) (-b) (-c) (-d) (-a) (-b)
(-1) (-2) (-3) (-1) (-2) (-3)
(+a) (+b) (+c)

UW-2 (a) (1): Allowed Joint Category
(1) The joints of various categories (see UW-3) shall be as follows:
(-a) Except for welded tubes and pipes internal to heat exchanger shells, all joints of Category A
shall be Type No. (1) of Table UW-12.
(-b) All joints of Categories B and C shall be Type No. (1) or No. (2) of Table UW-12.
(-c) Category C joints for lap joint stub ends shall be as follows:
(-1) The finished stub end shall be attached to its adjacent shell with a Type No. (1) or Type
No. (2) . The finished stub end can be made from a forging or can be machined
from plate material. [See UW-13(g).]
(-2) The lap joint stub end shall be fabricated as follows:
(+a) The weld is made in two steps as shown in Figure UW-13.5.
(+b) Before making weld No. 2, weld No. 1 is examined by full radiography in
accordance with UW-51, regardless of size. The weld and fusion between the
weld buildup and neck is examined by ultrasonic in accordance (Appendix 12)
(+c) Weld No. 2 is examined by full radiography in accordance with UW-51.
(-3) The finished stub end may either conform to ASME B16.9 dimensional requirements or
be made to a non‐‐ standard size, provided all requirements of this Division are met.
(-d) All joints of Category D shall be full penetration welds extending through the entire
thickness of the vessel wall or nozzle wall.

UW-2 (a) (2): Tube RT waiver
(2) Radiographic examination of the welded seam in exchanger

tubes and pipes, to a material specification permitted by this Division,
which are butt welded without the addition of filler metal may be
waived,
provided the tube or pipe is totally enclosed within a shell of a

vessel which meets the requirements of (a).

UW-2 (a) (3): Other side of Heat
Exchanger
(3) If only one side of a heat exchanger contains a lethal substance, the other
side need not be built to the rules for a vessel in lethal service if:
(-a) exchanger tubes are seamless; or

(-b) exchanger tubes conform to a tube specification permitted by this Division, are
butt welded without addition of filler metal, and receive in lieu of full
radiography all of the following nondestructive testing and examination:
(-1) hydro test in accordance with the applicable specification;
(-2) pneumatic test under water in accordance with the applicable material
specification, or if not specified, in accordance with SA-688;
(-3) ultrasonic or nondestructive electric examination (ECT) of sufficient
sensitivity to detect surface calibration notches in any direction in
accordance with SA-557, S1 or S3.
No improvement in longitudinal joint efficiency is permitted because of the
additional nondestructive tests.

UW-2 (a) (4): elements of contact
with a lethal substance
Exemption
UW-11 RADIOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION

(a) Full Radiography. The following welded joints shall be examined
radiographically for their full length in the manner prescribed in UW-51:
(4) all butt welds in nozzles, communicating chambers, etc., with

the nominal thickness at the welded joint that exceeds the
thickness in (2) above or attached to the shell or heads of
vessels under (1), (2), or (3) above that are required to be
fully radiographed; however, except as required by UHT-57(a),
Categories B and C butt welds in nozzles and communicating
chambers that neither exceed NPS 10 (DN 250) nor 11/8
in. (29 mm) wall thickness do not require any
radiographic examination;

UW-2 (b) View
UW-2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(-a) (-b)

UW-2 (b) (1) (2) (3) (4)
(b) When vessels are to operate below certain temperatures designated by Part UCS
(see UCS-68), or impact tests of the material or weld metal are required by Part UHA, the
joints of various categories (see UW-3) shall be as follows:
(1) All joints of Category A shall be Type No. (1) of Table UW-12 except that for
austenitic chromium–nickel stainless steel Types 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, and
347, which satisfy the requirements of UHA-51(f), Type No. (2) joints may be used.
(2) All joints of Category B shall be Type No. (1) or No. (2) of Table UW-12.
(3) All joints of Category C shall be full penetration welds extending through the
entire section at the joint.
(4) All joints of Category D shall be full penetration welds extending through the
entire thickness of the vessel wall or nozzle wall except that partial penetration
welds may be used between materials listed in Table UHA-23 as follows:
(-a) for materials shown in UHA-51(d)(1)(-a) and UHA-51(d)(2)(-a) at minimum
design metal temperatures (MDMTs) of −320°F (−196°C) and warmer;
(-b) for materials shown in UHA-51(d)(1)(-b) and UHA-51(d)(2)(-b) at MDMTs of
−50°F (−45°C) and warmer.
UW-2 (c) View
UW-2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (2) (3) (4)

UW-2 (c) (1) (2) (3) (4)
(c) Unfired steam boilers with design pressures exceeding 50 psi (343 kPa)shall
satisfy all of the following requirements:
(1) All joints of Category A (see UW-3) shall be in accordance with Type No. (1) of
Table UW-12, and all joints in Category B shall be in accordance with Type No.
(1) or No. (2) of Table UW-12.
(2) All butt welded joints shall be fully radiographed except under the provisions
of UW-11(a)(4) and except for ERW pipe weld seams. When using ERW pipe as
the shell of an unfired steam boiler, its thickness shall not exceed ½ in. (13 mm),
its diameter shall not exceed 24 in. (DN 600), and the ERW weld shall be
completed using high frequency (HFI) welding.
(3) When fabricated of carbon or low-alloy steel, such vessels shall be post weld
heat treated.
(4) See also U-1(g)(1), UG-16(b), and UG-125(b).

UW-2 (d) View
UW-2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (2) (3)

UW-2 (d) (1) (2) (3)
(d) Pressure vessels or parts subject to direct firing [see U-1(h)] may be constructed
in accordance with all applicable rules of this Division and shall meet the following
requirements:
(1) Category A shall be Type No. (1), and Category B, when the thickness
exceeds (16 mm), shall be Type No. (1) or No. (2). No Type No. (3) are
permitted for either Category A or B joints in any thickness.
(2) When thickness at welded joints exceeds (16 mm) for carbon (P‐‐ No. 1) steels
and for all thicknesses for low alloy steels (other than P‐‐ No. 1 steels), post
weld heat treatment is required.
(3) The user, his designated agent, or the Manufacturer of the vessel shall make
available to the Inspector the calculations used to determine the design
temperature of the vessel. The provisions of UG-20 shall apply except that pressure parts in vessel
areas having joints other than Type Nos. (1) and (2) of Table UW-12, subject to direct radiation and/or the
products of combustion, shall be designed for temperatures not less than the maximum surface metal
temperatures expected under operating conditions.

UW-2 (a) Re cap UW-2
RT, PWHT (b) (c) (d)
One side Lethal

JOINT CAT RT HE Tube
HE contact
Cat A – Cat B – Seamless Autogen

Type 1 Type 1 or 2 Cat C Cat D (FP) tube Tube
Stub Lap Stub Stub Hydro Test Pneumatic UT or ECT
2 Steps Step 1 RT
Step 2 RT
(1,2) then 2

UW-2 (b) (c) (d) Re Cap
UW-2
(a) (b) Low temp

(d) Direct Fired
Vessel
Cat A Cat B Cat C Cat D

Type 1 Type 1 or (CJP) (CJP)
2
SS 300 series Cat A (1)

SS 200 series - (P1 –
-196C 45C Cat B Calculatio
16mm
(1/2)16 n to AI
PWHT
(c) Unfired mm
steam Boiler
Cat A (1) CS / LAS - Steam vessel,

RT – ERW – min thick and
Cat B (1/2) PWHT
13mm PRV,

Other Code references
1. UG-16(5)(a) - Air cooled and cooling tower heat exchanger tube

walls to be 1/16" min.
2. UG-24(b)(5)(-a)- Casting RT requirements. UCI-2, UCD-2 Cast

iron and ductile cast iron vessels are not allowed.
3. UG-99(g),(k) - Hydro test visual leak inspection cannot be

waived. Do not paint prior to the hydro test.
4. UG-100(d)(4) - Pneumatic tests cannot be used for lethal service

vessels, but also see code cases 2046-2, 2055-2, 2407 regarding
pneumatic instead of hydrostatic testing
5. UG-116(c) - "L" stamping must be added to the nameplate. UG-

120(d)(1) - "lethal service" is added to the data report

Other Code references
6. UW-2 - Service Restrictions - main source of info on Lethal

Service (see lots more from UW-2 below)
7. UW-11(a)(1) - All shell and head butt welds to be 100% RT
8. UB-3 - Brazed vessels shall not be used
9. UCS-6 - Do not use SA-36, 38W or SA-283
10. UCS-79 - PWHT and extreme fiber elongation - read for rules
when heat treatment is required
11. ULW-1 & ULW-26(b)(4) - Layered vessels lethal restrictions
apply to the inner shell and heads only
12. UHX-19.1(b)- Heat exchanger marking

Other Code ref (Appendices)
1. Appendix 2-5(d) - Maximum Flange Bolt Spacing

2. Appendix 2-6 - Bolt Spacing Correction
3. Appendix 7-1, 7-5 - Steel casting examination for 100% quality factor
4. Appendix 9-8 - if the jacket does not carry lethal substances, lethal
service restrictions do not apply to it
5. Appendix 17-2(a) - Dimple jackets will not contain lethal substances
6. Appendix W - Table W-3 - Filing out the U forms

UW-2 (a) Points
 UW-2(a) and UW-11(a)(1) - All butt welds RT

 UW-2(a) - ERW pipe (like some grades of SA-53) is not permitted but
interpretation VIII-1-01-118 says it is acceptable if the long seam is fully
radiographed
 UW-2(a) - Post weld heat treatment is required for CS and Low Alloy
 UW-2(a)(1)(a) - Category A welds shall be type 1 only
 UW-2(a)(1)(b&c) &Interpretation VIII-1 92-211 - Category B & C welds
shall be type 1 or 2 only (butt welded). No slip on flanges
 Interpretation VIII-I-98-23 - Category D welds (typically nozzles) shall be full
penetration.
 UW-2(a)(1)(c) - Category C joints for stub ends have a long list of requirements
• UW-2(a)(2 and 3) - Heat exchangers have a long list of requirements

Code Cases
1. 1750-20(g) - A126 not to be used for PRVs, or rupture disks.
2. 2249 - Furnace Brazing
3. 2318 - slip on flanges in lethal service
4. 2321-1 PWHT of P4 and P5A materials
5. 2324 - Ultrasonic inspection
6. 2334 - single fillet lap joint tube sheet to shell connection
7. 2346-1 & 2537 - Alternative rules for SE and F&D head to shell attachment
8. 2369 - Testing of covers separate from vessels
9. 2377 - RT of SA-612 steel
10. 2421 - Single fillet joints in Heat exchanger tubes
11. 2437 - Diffusion bonded heat exchangers

Focus of Lethal
LOW
RT PWHT CAT TYPE USER
Temp
CAT D CAT - Defined as

CS & LAS All 1 or 2
A, B CJP Lethal
D CAT - ICP
300 series (-196C)
200 series (-46C)

Macro to note
Cat A Cat B Cat C Cat D

No slip on
TYPE 1 only Type 1 or 2 CJP only (CS)
Flanges

Interpretations
1. VIII-1-01-118 and VIII-1-83-77R - ERW pipe may only be used if the long seam is radiographed
2. VIII-82-65 - volumetric examination of category D joints is not always required
3. VIII-1-01-42 and VIII-1-04-48 - cone >30° and corner joints not permitted
4. VIII-1-86-84 and VIII-1-95-138 - prohibited flange attachments - Fig UW-13.2(m) and Fig 2-4 sketches (7), (8),
(8a), (8b), and (9)
5. VIII-1-92-112 - full radiography of category C and D butt welds is required except for UW-11(a)(4)
6. VIII-1-92-194 - full penetration angle joints are not permitted
7. VIII-1-92-211 - Fig UW-13.2 attachments are not permissible
8. VIII-1-98-113 - permissible re-pad and flange pad arrangements
9. VIII-1-98-23 - Fig UW-16.1 (a) and (c) are permissible nozzle attachments, others are not discussed
10. VIII-77-62 - "It is the intent of Section VIII, Division 1 that Category B and C butt welds in nozzles and
communicating chambers that neither exceed 10 in. nominal pipe size or 1-1/8 wall thickness are excluded from the
provisions of radiography, even though the vessel is in lethal service. This overrides the provisions of UW-2(a)."
11. VIII-80-02 - do not use corner joints from Fig UW-13.2 - redesign to create butt joints that can be radiographed
12. VIII-80-111 - acceptable lap joint flanges include Fig. 2-4(1) and Fig. UW-13.3 and Fig. 2-4(5) and (6)

Int: VIII-1-92-211
VIII-1-92-211
Question: May any of the attachment details shown in Fig. UW-13.2

of Section VIII, Division 1 be used for lethal service?
Reply: No, see UW-2(a)(1)(b).

Int: VIII-1-98-23
BC97-522
VIII-1-98-23
Question: May the attachment details shown in Fig. UW-16.1 sketch
(a) or (c) be used on a vessel intended for use in lethal service?
Reply: Yes.

VIII-1-01-118
BC02-106a
VIII-1-01-118
Question. May SA312 Type 304 welded pipe be used for the
shell of or for nozzles in pressure vessels constructed according to
the rules of Section VIII, Division 1 and designated for Lethal
Service if the requirements of UW-2 are met?
Reply: Yes, provided that the longitudinal seams are fully

radiographed per UW-11(a)(1). See also UG-8(a).

VIII-1-83-77R
BC82-679*
VIII-1-83-77R
Question: May electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe be used for the shell of
a pressure vessel designed for lethal service under UW-2(a) in Section VIII,
Division 1 whether or not radiographic examination is performed on the ERW
welded seam?
Reply: No. See UW-2(a). The provisions of UW-2(a)(2) and (3) do not apply.

VIII-82-65
BC-82-126
VIII-82-65
Question (1): Is the weld detail shown

in Fig. UW-16.1, sketch (b) a butt weld?
Reply (1): No.
Question (2): In Section VIII - Division 1

construction, is volumetric examination
required for Category D welds in lethal
service?
Reply (2): No, unless nozzle designs of

the types shown in Fig. UW-16.1, sketches
(f-1) through (f-4) are incorporated into
the design (see UW-11).
VIII-1-01-42
BC01-225
VIII-1-01-42
Question (1): Does Section VIII, Division 1 provide details that are to be used when the
welds that attach the side plates of noncircular pressure vessels are to be butt welded?
Reply (1): Figure 13-2(a) in Appendix 13, sketches (3), (5), (6a), and (6b) provide
examples for the construction of noncircular pressure vessels where the side plates may
readily be welded using butt welds. Note that any weld seams used in these sketches are
classified Category A.
Question (2): May Fig. UW-13.3 sketches (a) or (b) be used for the construction of
noncircular vessels requiring the use of Type No. (1) or (2) butt welds for the Category C
joints [for example, to satisfy lethal service requirements of UW-2(a)(1)(b)]?
Reply (2): Yes, see U-2(g).

VIII-1-04-48
BC04-1205
VIII-1-04-48
Background: Consider a vessel, constructed according to the rules of Section VIII,

Division 1, containing a cone with a half-apex angle exceeding 30 deg. The cone is
attached to a cylindrical shell at its large end and a nozzle at its small end. Both
ends are full penetration welds and neither contain knuckle transitions.
Question (1): Is it required by the rules of Section VIII, Division 1 for the welds
on both sides of the cone to be considered Category B?
Reply (1): Yes.
Question (2): Is it required that these welds by considered as Type 8 per Table
UW-12?
Reply (2): Yes.
Question (3): Is it permitted for these joints to be used in a vessel which has
been designated for lethal service as per UW-2(a)?
Reply (3): No.

VIII-1-86-84
BC86-286
VIII-1-86-84
Question (1): A flange is welded to a nozzle in a vessel for lethal service. Is

the construction shown in Fig. UW-13.2 sketch (m) permissible?
Reply (1): No.
Question (2): A flange is welded to a nozzle in a vessel intended for lethal

service. Is the construction shown in Fig. 2-4 sketches (7), (8), (8a), (8b),
and (9) permissible?
Reply (2): No.

VIII-1-95-138
BC96-341A
VIII-1-95-138
Question: Would an integral type flange shown in Fig. 2-4 sketch (7) in
Section VIII, Division 1 be acceptable for lethal service if the requirements
of UW-2(a)(1)(c) are met?
Reply: No

VIII-1-92-112
BC92-352
VIII-1-92-112
Question (1): Are Category C and D butt welds required to be fully radiographed
when the vessel is to be stamped for lethal service?
Reply (1): Yes, except for those Category C butt welds exempted under UW-
11(a)(4).
Question (2): Are the welds shown in Fig. UW-13.2 sketch (e) and Fig. UW-16.1
sketch (d) butt welds?
Reply (2): No.

VIII-1-92-194
BC93-684
VIII-1-92-194
Question (1): A heat exchanger consisting of rectangular header boxes is

designed in accordance with Appendix 13 of Section VIII, Division 1. Each
header has full penetration angle joints located at the four corners. The end
plates are attached by a single sided full penetration angle joint. Do these
types of joints meet the requirements of UW-2(a)(1)(b) for lethal service
when interpretable radiographs can be produced for the full length of the
welds?
Reply (1): No.
Question (2): Do these types of joints satisfy UW-2(a)(1)(b) if interpretable

radiographs cannot be obtained, but ultrasonic examination is performed for
the full length of the welds?
Reply (2): No.

VIII-1-98-113
BC00-100
VIII-1-98-113
Question (1): May reinforced pads attached with fillet welds as shown in Fig. UW-16.1
sketches (a-2) or (h) of Section VIII, Division 1, be used on vessels designed for lethal
service per UW-2(a)(1)(d)?
Reply (1): Yes.
Question (2): Are the welds attaching pad type reinforcement to the vessel as shown
in Fig. UG-40 sketches (a-1) through (a-4), with or without a nozzle neck, classified as
part of the Category D joint?
Reply (2): Yes.
Question (3): If the reply to Question (2) is yes, do the Category D joints shown in
Fig. UG-40 sketches (a-l) through (a-4) meet the requirements of UW-2(a)(1)(d)?
Reply (3): Of the four sketches cited, only sketch (a-2) meets the requirements of
UW-2(a)(1)(d).

VIII-77-62
BC-77-350
VIII-77-62
Question: Do the provisions of UW-11(a)(4) override the requirements of UW-

2(a) for the exemption of certain butt welds in nozzles where a vessel is in
lethal service?
Reply: It is the intent of Section VIII, Division 1 that Category B and C butt
welds in nozzles and communicating chambers that neither exceed 10 in.
nominal pipe size or 1-1/8 wall thickness are excluded from the provisions of
radiography, even though the vessel is in lethal service. This overrides the
provisions of UW-2(a).

VIII-80-02
BC-79-639
VIII-80-02
Question: Is the joint configuration illustrated in Fig. UW-13.2, sketches (b) and
(c) of Section VIII Division 1 acceptable when used to join side plates in a box
header designed for lethal service?
Reply: No. The last sentence of the first paragraph of UW-2(a) lists the types of
joints which may be used with various categories of welded joints. The three
categories of joints which are used to join the sides of a box header in lethal
service and the type of joint are: Category A (longitudinal welded joint) must be
Type 1 (butt); Category B (circumferential welded joint) must be Type 1 or Type 2
(butt); Category C - same as Category B. Since the joint must be a butt joint, the
types shown in Fig. UW-13.2, sketches (b) and (c) are not permitted for lethal
service.

VIII-80-111
BC-79-680
VIII-80-111
Question (1): Is a lap joint stub end as illustrated in Fig. 2-4 sketch (1) the only acceptable flanged connection
under the requirements of UW-2(a)?Reply (1): No. Other acceptable connections would include those of Fig.
UW-13.3 and Fig. 2-4 sketches (5) and (6).
The following Questions apply to stub ends for lap joint flanges.
Question (2): Is the weld joining a lap joint stub end to a nozzle neck or shell a Category B or C joint?
Reply (2): Category C. See UW-3(a)(3).
Question (3): Must the joint described in Question (2) always be fully radiographed?
Reply (3): No. See the diameter and thickness exceptions of UW-11(a)(4).
Question (4): Are the types of flanges described in 2-4(a)(1), i.e., sketches (1), (1a), (2), (3), and (4) of Fig.
2-4, acceptable for lethal service?
Reply (4): (a) The lap joint stub end illustrated by sketch (1) would normally be connected by a butt weld
which is not illustrated. If so, it would be acceptable provided all other applicable requirements were satisfied.
(b) Sketches (1a), (3), and (4) are not acceptable since they do not satisfy the requirement of UW-2(a)(1)(b)
that Category C joints be butt welds of Type No. (1) or (2). (c) Use of the screwed flange of sketch (4) is not
prohibited.
Question (5): UW-3(a)(3) addresses itself to Category C welds attaching "Van Stone laps" to nozzles. Does
this mean the lap itself or is the intent that this be a lap joint stub end?
Reply (5): Any welded joint connecting a flange to a nozzle neck is a Category C joint. See the Replies to
Questions (2) and (4) above. Also see Interpretations No. 3, VIII-78-08, which discusses this overall subject in
more detail.

PWHT - INT
Standard Designation: BPV Section VIII Div 1
Edition/Addenda: 2013 Edition
Para./Fig./Table No: UW-2(a), UCL-34, UCS-56
Subject Description:PWHT of Clad Vessels in Lethal Service
Date Issued: 11/19/2015
Record Number: 15-634
Interpretation Number :
Question(s) and Reply(ies):
Background: A vessel categorized as being in lethal service per UW-2(a) is constructed of SA-516 Gr.
70 plate clad with 410 stainless. Welds in the cladding are deposited using 309/309L stainless filler
metal. Paragraph UW-2(a), requires a lethal service vessel constructed of carbon steel to be PWHT.
Question 1: Are welds in carbon steel vessel which are integrally clad, have corrosion resistant weld
metal overlay, or have applied corrosion resistant linings attached by welding exempt from the PWHT
requirements of UW-2(a) for carbon steel vessels in lethal service under the provisions of Table UCS-
56-1, General Note (b)(3)(e)?
Reply 1: No.
Question 2: Are corrosion resistant weld metal overlay welds or welds attaching corrosion resistant
applied linings on carbon steel vessels in lethal service exempt from the PWHT when applied
following the provisions of Table UCS-56-1, General Note (b)(3)(e)?
Reply 2: Yes.

INT LIST (48) - 10
SEQ File No. Int Number Subject Date
1 BC02-106a VIII-1-01-118 Section VIII, Division 1 (2001 Edition): UW-2 03/19/02
2 BC-81-263 VIII-81-78 Section VIII - Division 1, UW-2(a)(1)(b) 10/08/81
3 BC-81-320 VIII-81-85 Section VIII - Division 1, UW-16(g)(3)(a) 10/09/81
4 BC-82-126 VIII-82-65 Section VIII - Division 1, Fig. UW-16.1, Sketch (b) 06/03/82
Section VIII, Division 1 (2001 Edition, 2003 Addenda);

5 BC04- 1043 Vlll-1-04-43 11/08/04
UW-2(a)(4)
6 BC05-032 Vlll-1-04-73 Section VIII, Division 1 (2004 Edition); Table UCS-56 08/17/05

7 BC01-225 VIII-1-01-42 05/07/01
Appendix 13, Fig. 13-2 and Fig. UW-13.3
8 BC04-1205 VIII-1-04-48 01/13/05
UW-2(a), UW-3(b), and Table UW-12
9 08-1068 VIII-1-07-60 UW-2(a) and Appendix 26, Lethal Service 10/16/08
Section VIII-1, UW-2, UW-3, and Appendix A,

10 BC82-164 VIII-1-83-10 Requirements for Tube-to- Tubesheet Joints in Lethal 07/26/82
Services

INT LIST (48) - 20
Section VIII, Divisions 1 and 2, Packed Joints for Lethal

11 BC85-194 VIII-1-83-365 06/24/85
Service Applications
12 BC82-679 VIII-1-83-77 Section VIII-1, UW-2(a), ERW Pipe for Lethal Service 12/29/82
13 BC82-679* VIII-1-83-77R Section VIII, Division 1 (1992 Edition); UW-2(a) 12/03/92
14 BC87-162 VIII-1-86-148 Section VIII, Division 1, UG-116(f) 08/27/87
Section VIII-1, UCS-85(b), Heat Treatment of Test

15 BC85-602 VIII-1-86-45 03/21/86
Specimens
16 BC86-286 VIII-1-86-84 Section VIII, Division 1, UW-2(a)(1) 08/28/86
17 BC86-293 VIII-1-86-86 Section VIII, Division 1, UW-16(f)(3)(a) and UCI-23(b) 08/28/86
18 BC86-270 VIII-1-86-96 Section VIII, Division 1, UG-34 and UW-13 09/24/86
Section VIII, Division 1 (1989 Edition, 1989 Addenda),

19 BC90-787 VIII-1-89-281 03/04/91
Hydrostatic Test of Completed Vessel
Section VIII, Division 1 (1992 Edition); UW-2(a), Fig. UW-
20 BC92-352 VIII-1-92-112 12/11/92
13.2 Sketch (e), and Fig. UW-16.1 Sketch (d)

INT LIST (48) - 30

21 BC93-684 VIII-1-92-194 02/17/94
UW-2(a)(1)(b)
22 BC94-180 VIII-1-92-211 04/27/94
UW-2(a) and Fig. UW-13.2
23 BC91-455 VIII-1-92-24 11/07/91
UW-2(a)(1)(b), UW-11(a), and Form U-1A
24 BC92-246 VIII-1-92-92 Section VIII, Division 1 (1992 Edition); UW-2(a) 09/24/92

25 BC94-221 VIII-1-95-08 08/09/94
Fig. UW-13.2 Sketches (b) and (c)
Section VIII, Division 1 (1995 Edition); UW-2(a), UCL-34,
26 BC96-334 VIII-1-95-137 01/02/97
and UCL-35
Section VIII, Division 1 (1995 Edition); UW-2(a)(1)(c)
27 BC96-341A VIII-1-95-138 01/02/97
and Appendix 2, Fig. 2-4 Sketch (7)
28 BC00-080 VIII-1-98-108 03/22/00
UCL-51 and Table UCS-56
29 BC00-100 VIII-1-98-113 03/22/00
UW-2(a)(1)(d)
30 BC97-522 VIII-1-98-23 03/18/98
Fig. UW-16.1

INT LIST (48) - 40

31 BC99-478 VIII-1-98-91 01/10/00
Appendix 27, UW-2(a), and UCS-56
32 BC-77-520 VIII-77-104 Section VIII, Division 1; UCS-56 11/30/77
Section VIII, Division 1, UW-11, UW-12, Partial

33 NA VIII-77-30 03/18/77
Radiography
34 BC-77-350 VIII-77-62 Section VIII, Division 1, UW-11(a)(4) and UW-2(a) 06/27/77
35 BC-77-398 VIII-77-76 Section VIII, Division 1; UW-2 08/25/77
36 BC-77-805 VIII-78-21 Section VIII, Division 1, UW-2 and UCS-56 02/01/78
37 BC-79-16 VIII-79-18 Section VIII, Division 1, UW-2 03/16/79
Section VIII, Division 1, UW-2 and Fig. UW-13.1, Sketch

38 BC-79-247 VIII-79-34 06/15/79
(f)
39 BC-79-361 VIII-79-48 Section VIII, Division 1, UW-2(a), Footnote 10 07/26/79
40 BC-79-657 VIII-79-66 Section VIII, Division 1, Fig. UW-13.3 11/07/79

INT LIST (48) - 48
Section VIII, Division 1, Fig. UW-13.2 Sketches (b)

41 BC-79-639 VIII-79-70 11/14/79
and (c)
Section VIII - Division 1, Fig. UW-13.2, Sketches (b)

42 BC-79-639 VIII-80-02 01/14/80
and (c)
Section VIII - Division 1, UW-2(a), 2-4, Requirements

43 BC-79-680 VIII-80-111 11/12/80
of Category C Welds for Lethal Services
44 14-1910 2013 PWHT requirement for Clad Vessels for Lethal Service 03/11/15
Section VIII, Division 1; UG-30(a) and UW-2(a) -

45 15-1154 2013 12/16/15
Examination of Butt Welds in Stiffening Rings
Lethal service requirement for non-circular vessel end

46 15-1264 2013 11/19/15
closures
Lethal Service, Floating Head Shell Cover Weld

47 15-1288 2013 10/15/15
Requirements
Section VIII, Division 1, UW-2 (a)(1)(-b), Figure 1-6 -

48 16-65 BPV VIII-1-16-39 05-02-16
Welding Category

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Div.

1 Vessels: Lethal Service

ASME Sec VIII – Division 1

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 1

By completion of this module…..you will

1. Have an idea of Lethal Service

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 2

Sub sec. B - UW Fabrication

Sub sec. C - UCS

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 3

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 4

: (Colon) – Introducing explanation, examples or series

; (Semi colon) – Connects two clauses by close relation

, (Comma) – Short Pause (AND)

Parenthesis - Unit conversion

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 5

Shall, will - Mandatory

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 6

UW-2 SERVICE RESTRICTIONS

65 By “lethal substances” are meant poisonous gases or liquids of such a

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 7

Main Topic LETHAL

Sub Topic RT PWHT

Heat Ex Autogenous High Alloy

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 8

“Category” as used herein defines the location of a joint in a vessel, but

Any weld within a dished head is “CAT A”

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 9

TYPE of a welded joint - Integrity Level/ Efficient

Butt joints as attained by

Single‐‐ welded butt joint with backing

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 10

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 11

4 mm - Only (a) shown (a) (b) (c) (d)

8 mm (1) (2) (3) (4)

12 mm (-a) (-b) (-c) (-d) (-a) (-b)

16 mm (-1) (-2) (-3) (-1) (-2) (-3)

20 mm (+a) (+b) (+c)

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 12

4 mm - (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 13

It shall be the responsibility of the Manufacturer to comply with the applicable

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 14

all butt welded joints shall be fully radiographed,

under the provisions of (2) and (3) below, and

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 15

(-a) exchanger tubes are seamless; or

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(-a) (-b) (-c) (-d) (-a) (-b)

(-1) (-2) (-3) (-1) (-2) (-3)

(+a) (+b) (+c)

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 17

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 18

(2) Radiographic examination of the welded seam in exchanger

provided the tube or pipe is totally enclosed within a shell of a

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 19

(-a) exchanger tubes are seamless; or

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 20

UW-11 RADIOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION

(4) all butt welds in nozzles, communicating chambers, etc., with

astrongroup.com Sec VIII-Div 1: Lethal Service 21

(a) (b) (c) (d)