储能系统安全与标准概述

中关村储能产业技术联盟
标准经理 唐亮
安全风险

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锂离子电池本质

本质不安全

中科院物理所

ESIE2018杨裕生院士：
要承认电池组像汽油箱那样，是一种含高能物质的部件。没有绝对安全的电池。
电池本质上是具有危险性的，且随着电池比能量和比功率的提高，发生事故的危险性将增大。

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国内外相关研究
美国储能安全相关工作

ESS WG
Three sub-groups
ESS Strategic Plan Safety Roadmap

2014 2015 2017

research and development

ESS
WG
education and outreach codes and standards

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美国储能相关标准

NFPA 855 Standard for the Installation of

Stationary Energy Storage Systems

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国内锂离子电池安全相关研究

清华大学 核能与新能源技术研究院、汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室
• 锂离子电池的安全性问题

中国科学技术大学 火灾科学国家重点实验室
• 锂离子电池火灾危险性及相关研究进展
• 锂离子电池火灾危险性分级初探
• 密闭空间中锂离子电池的热爆炸危险性
• 多种灭火剂扑救大容量锂离子电池火灾的实验研究

应急管理部天津消防所、上海消防所、沈阳消防所
• 锂离子电池火灾危险性研究
• 基于实体试验的磷酸铁锂电池火灾危险性分析
• 典型锂离子电池火灾灭火试验研究

北京理工大学 爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室
• 锂离子电池过充爆炸强度试验研究

中国电科院等
• 锂离子电池安全防护技术专利分析

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国内外相关标准
储能安全标准体系

建设
运行维
回收
护

设备安
运输
全
安全

通信 并网

功能安 电磁兼
全 容性

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IEC标准---IEC/TC120，Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems

IEC 62933-1 Part 1: Vocabulary

IEC 62933-2-1 Part 2-1: Unit parameters and testing methods - General specification

Part 2-2: Applications and Performance testing

IEC 62933-3-1 Part 3-1: Planning and performance assessment of electrical energy storage systems -
General specification

Part 3-2: Additional requirements for power intensive and for renewable energy sources integration related
applications

Part 3-3: Additional requirements for energy intensive and backup power applications

IEC TS 62933-4-1 Part 4-1: Guidance on environmental issues - General specification

Part 4-200: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction by electrical energy storage (EES) systems

IEC TS 62933-5-1 Part 5-1: Safety considerations for grid-integrated EES systems - General specification

IEC 62933-5-2 Part 5-2: electrochemical based systems

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储能相关标准---建设

中国
• GB 51048 Design code for electrochemical energy storage station 电化学储能电站设计规范

德国
• VDE-AR-E 2510-50 Stationary battery energy storage systems with lithium batteries -Safety
• VDE-AR-E 2510-2 Stationary electrical energy storage systems intended for connection to the low
voltage grid

美国
• UL 9540 Safety Energy Storage Systems and Equipment
• UL 9540A Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage
Systems
• NFPA 855 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems

澳洲
• AS DR 5139 (Draft) Electrical installations -Safety of battery systems for use with power conversion
equipment

日本
• JIS C4412-1 Safety requirements for electric energy storage equipment Part 1:General requirements
• JIS C4412-2 Safety requirements for electric energy storage equipment Part 2: Particular requirements
for Separation type power conditioner

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储能相关标准---并网

中国
• GB/T 36547 电化学储能系统接入电网技术规定
• GB/T 36548 电化学储能系统接入电网测试规范

美国
• IEEE 1547 Standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems
• IEEE 1547.1 Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources
with Electric Power Systems
• IEEE 2030.2 IEEE Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power
Infrastructure
• IEEE 2030.3 IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems for Electric
Power Systems Applications
• UL 1741 SA Grid support utility interactive inverters and converters

德国
• VDE-AR-N 4105 Technical requirements for the connection to and parallel operation with low-voltage distribution
networks

澳洲
• AS/NZS 4777.1 Grid connection of energy systems via inverters –Part 1: Installation requirements
• AS/NZS 4777.2 Grid connection of energy systems via inverters Inverter requirements
• AS/NZS 4755.3.5 Demand response capabilities and supporting technologies for electrical products -Interaction
of demand response enabling devices and electrical products -Operational instructions and connections for grid-
connected electrical energy storage (EES) systems.

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储能相关标准---设备

中国
• GB/T 36280 电力储能用铅炭电池、GB/T 36276 电力储能用锂离子电池、GB/T 22473 储能用铅酸蓄电池
• GB/T 34120 电化学储能系统储能变流器技术规范
• GB/T 34131 电化学储能电站用锂离子电池管理系统技术规范

IEC
• IEC 62619 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for
secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications
• IEC 62477-1 Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment - Part 1: General

美国
• UL 1973 Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) and Stationary Applications

澳洲
• AS 62040.1.1 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) Part 1.1: General and safety requirement for UPS used in operator
access areas

日本
• JIS C 8715-1 Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications -- Part 1: Tests and requirements of
performance
• JIS C 8715-2 Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications -- part 2: tests and requirements of
safety

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储能相关标准---功能安全

ISO
• ISO 13849 Safety of machinery -- Safety-related parts of control systems
• systems
IEC

• IEC 61508 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable

electronic safety-related systems
• IEC 62061 Safety of machinery - Functional safety of safety-related
electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems.

UL

• UL 991 Standard for Tests for Safety-Related Controls

Employing Solid-State Devices
• UL 1998 Standard for Software in Programmable
Components

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CNESA标准工作

电化学储能：
• 电化学储能系统用电池管理系统技术规范T/CNESA 1002-2019
• 集装箱式电化学储能系统通用技术规范
• 储能系统火灾预警及消防防护系统
• 电力储能用直流动力连接器通用技术要求T/CNESA 1001-2019
• 电化学储能系统评价规范T/CNESA 1000-2019
• 电力储能系统用电池连接电缆
• 锂离子电池火灾危险性分级通用试验方法

物理储能：
• 《压缩空气储能系统集气装置工程设计规范》T/CNESA 1201-2018
• 《压缩空气储能系统性能测试规范》
• 《飞轮储能系统通用技术条件》

储热：
• 《相变式储热装置储热性能衰减试验规程》
• 《电蓄热用高温固态储热材料技术规范》

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储能安全
 储能安全

中国科学技术大学孙金华教授：尴尬的锂电池火灾安全完全杜绝不可能

建筑消防 系统风险控制 电池安全 消防措施

GB 51048 电化学储能电站设计规范 安全因素控制得好，发生危险事故的概 电池本体改进： 预警监控：

GB 50016 建筑设计防火规范 率就降低 • 安全电解液 • 可燃气体、温度、电气火灾监控

GB 50222 建筑内部装修设计防火规范 • 阻燃元素 灭火措施：

GB 51251 建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准 • 电极优化 • NFPA 2001 Standard on clean

GB 50116 火灾自动报警设计规范 • 新型安全材料 agent fire extinguishing systems

• 固态电池 • ISO 14520-1 气体灭火系统

锂离子电池火灾危险性 T/CNESA 1000-2019 • GB 25972 气体灭火系统及部件
热管理
分级通用试验方法 《电化学储能系统评价规范》 • 消防水

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谢谢！
唐亮，13810345892
liang.tang@cnesa.org