1. This is cross hatching; the arrows on all my examples represent the light.

So in
cross hatching, the way to create the effect is pressure and overlapping. More
pressure and overlapping for darker.... areas. And remove pressure and make fewer
lines as you get towards the light source. The idea of cross hatching is to make lines
crossing each other in all different directions so draw diagonal as well
2. Now the smooth technique is the most common technique used for realistic
drawings. Just add pressure on the areas furthest away from the light source. I use
a blending stick or just use your finger
3. The slinky technique is the easiest and fastest technique. Yes it is meant to look
sloppy and us basically the smooth technique without blending your lines.
4. Now for stippling I used a china marker because pencil doesn't show too well unless
you use soft lead. For stippling also add more pressure away from the light and add
for dots and decrease gradually.