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7 Philosophies of Education
Philosophy Why Teach What to Teach How to Teach
Essentialism Teachers teach for learners to acquire Fundamental r’s – reading, ‘riting, Mastery of subject matter
basic knowledge, skills and values ‘rithmetic and right conduct
Progressivism To develop learners into becoming Respond to students’ needs and Book learning is no substitute for
enlightened and intelligent citizens of that relates to students’ personal actual experiences – John Dewey-
a democratic society lives and experiences Hands-on-minds-on-hearts-on
Perennialism To develop the students rational and Heavy on humanities, on general Centered around teachers –
moral powers education teachers do not allow the
students interests or experiences
to substantially dictate what they
teach
Existentialism To help students understand and Students are given a wide variety Focuses on the individual.
appreciate themselves as unique of options from which to choose Learning is self-paced, self-
individuals who accept complete directed.
responsibility for their thoughts,
feelings and actions.
“Existence precedes essence”
Behaviorism Concerned with the modification and Teachers teach students to Teachers “ought to arrange
shaping of students’ behavior by respond favourably to various environmental conditions so that
providing for a favorable environment, stimuli in the environment students can make the responses
since they believe that they are a to stimuli
product of their environment.
Linguistic To develop the communication skills of To teach learners to use language To teach language and
Philosophy the learner because the ability to that is correct, precise, communication is the
articulate, to voice out the meaning grammatical, coherent, accurate so experiential way
and values of things that one obtains that they are able to communicate
from his experience of life and the clearly and precisely their thoughts
world is the very essence of man and feelings
Constructivism To develop intrinsically motivated and Learners are taught how to learn. The teacher provides students
independent learners adequately Searching, critiquing and evaluating with date or experiences that
equipped with learning skills for them information. allow them to hypothesize,
to be able to construct knowledge and Construct new knowledge. predict, manipulate objects, pose
make meaning of them questions, research, investigate,
imagine and invent
Lesson 2: Formulating Your Philosophy of Education
Philosophy of education includes your concept about:
a. The HUMAN PERSON, the learner in particular and the educated person
b. WHAT IS TRUE AND GOOD and therefore must be taught
c. HOW A LEARNER MUST BE TAUGHT in order to come close to the truth
•the well being either of the individual or of the community - health and
vitality
Vital Values •values of vital feelings - capability and excellence
•absulute objects
•belief
Values of the •adoration
Holy •bliss
Values clarification
- The term value is reserved for those “individual beliefs, attitudes and activities that satisfy the following
criteria:
a. Freely chosen
b. Chosen from among alternatives
c. Chosen after due reflection
d. Prized and cherished
e. Publicly affirmed
f. Incorporated into actual behavior
g. Acted upon repeatedly in one’s life