Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Teacher and the Community, School Culture and Organization Leadership
Group 1
Mangsi, Melody D.
Submitted To:
Date of Submission:
- Refers to the mutual inter-stimulation and response between two or more persons and groups
through symbols, language, gestures, and expression of ideas.
- It is the foundation of society. Without interaction there would be no group life. For instance,
interaction is the major processes for the socialization of an individual from birth to death, which
exists in every culture.
- According to Merrill, “Social interaction is the process of contact where the behavior modifies
slightly.”
- According to Dowson and Getty, “Social interaction is a process whereby men inter-penetrate the
mind of each other.”
- According to Corkiness. “Social interaction is such a process which influences the overt behavior
or state of mind of the individuals.”
Socialization
- According to E.S. Bogardus “Socialization is the process of working together, of developing group
responsibility or being guided by the welfare needs of others.”
- W.F. Ogburn defines “Socialization is the process by which the individual learns to conform to the
norms of the group.”
- Lundberg says that “Socialization consists of the complex processes of interaction through which
the individual learns the habits, beliefs, skills and standards of judgment that are necessary for
his effective participation in social groups and communities.”
- According to H.T. Majumdar “Socialization as the process whereby original nature is transformed
into human nature and the individual into person”.
- A.W. Green opines, “Socialization is the process by which the child acquires a cultural content,
along with selfhood and personality”.
- According to Horton and Hunt “Socialization is the process by which one internalizes the norms of
his groups, so that a distinct “self” emerges, unique to this individual.”
- Peter Worsley explains “Socialization as the process of transmission of culture, the process
whereby men learn the rules and practices of social groups.”
1. Social Contact
- In the sociological hierarchy leading up to social relations, an incidental social interaction between
individuals. In social networks, a node (representing an individual or organization) to which
another node is socially connected.
- Examples: Visiting friends and family, telephoning, etc.
2. Communication
- Communication is a social interaction with individuals constantly altering their signals in
response to the history of the immediate interaction and in response to the history of the social
relationships between individuals.
- The ontogeny of vocal communication is also dependent upon the social interactions between
young animals and other group members.
- Communication includes the Verbal, Nonverbal, and Visual Communication.
- Examples: Phone calls, smiling unintentionally when you hear something pleasing, draw ings,
sketches, etc.
3. Social Attitudes and Values
- Social Attitude is learned, relatively enduring organization of beliefs about an object or situation
which leads to a disposition to respond or rather a readiness to respond in a given way.
- According to Sherif (1956) there are Distinguishing features of attitudes: 1 Attitudes are not innate,
2 More or less lasting, 3 Imply a subject-object relationship, 4 Involve individuals as well as groups,
1. Cooperation
- Occurs when two or more persons or groups working together to achieve a goal that will benefit
many people
- Can be used with other forms or interaction
- Get things done
2. Competition
- Two or more persons or groups opposing each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain
- Follows accepted rules of conduct
- Positive can lead to conflict
3. Conflict
- Deliberate attempt to control force, oppose, or harm the will of another person
- Conflict has few rules of conduct
Social Groups
- According to Mayer Nimkoff, “Social group is a group of two more persons who are in state of
interaction with one another”
- According to William Ogburn, “Social group is when two or more individuals come together and
influence one another.”
- Example: A family living in a home, group of employees working in a same organization, group of
classmates, a group of member of a meeting, etc.