Mathematics Essay Problems

International Mathematics and Science

Olympiad (IMSO)
for Primary School
1
1. In a classroom, of the pupils are girls. After 10 boys leave the room, the portion of the girlsin
4
1
the room becomes . What is the total number of pupils before the 10 boys leave?
3

2. If AB = BC, and the area of P is 3 cm2, shown as in the figure

below, what is the area of the shaded region, in cm2?

3. Udin bought some mangoes from the market. He paid 13,000 rupiahs for every 7 mangoes. He
sells the mangoes at the price of 7,000 rupiahs for every 3 of them. When he sells outall the
mangoes, he gets a profit of 50,000 rupiahs. How many mangoes did he buy from the market?

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4. In a contest, one gets 8 points for every correct answer, and 5 points is deducted for every
wrong answer. Ben gets 65 points for a total of 26 questions in this contest. How many
questions did he answer correctly?

5. Figure A is a kite with diagonals 10 cm and 4 cm.

Figure B is constructed from a number of figure A.
Find the area of the shaded region in figure B, in cm2.

6. A square is divided into six congruent rectangles, as shown in the

figure. The total sum of the perimeter of the six rectangles is 100 cm.
What is the area of the original square, in cm2?

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7. A grandfather’s clock rings once every 15 minutes after the hour, rings twice every 30 minutes
after the hour, and rings 3 times every 45 minutes after the hour. The clock rings the same
number of times as the hour, at the exact hour (for example, rings once at 1 o’clock, rings 12
times at 12 o’clock). What is the total number of times the clock rings from 5:55 pm to 6:05 am
the next day?

8. We want to put nine identical balls in three boxes. The blue box can contain at most 2 balls, the
red box can contain at most 4 balls, while the white box can contain at most 5 balls. In how
many ways can we put the nine balls in the three boxes?

9. A tank was completely filled with water. Overnight, the tank lost 7% of its content. After that, if
301 liters of the water was used, then the tank is exactly half-filled. Find the capacity of the
tank, in liter.

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10. A cake shop sells cakes in two sizes: small and large. The radius of the small cake is 5 cm and
the radius of the large one is 10 cm. The heights are the same. The price of the large cake is
4,000 rupiahs and the small one is 2,000 rupiahs. There are two packages: package A contains
one large cake, and package B contains two small cakes. Which package is cheaper?

11. If the pattern continues in the following figures,

how many shaded circles are there in the 20th
figure?

12. In the figure below, find the area of the shaded

region, in cm2?

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13. The average height of children in a group is 139 cm. Andi, whose height is 140 cm, is a member
of the group. When he left the group, Beni, Coki, Doni and Ernie want to become member. But
the remaining members of the group want to keep the average height unchanged. The height of
Beni is 138 cm, Coki is 139 cm. Doni and Ernie are of the same height, that is 141 cm. If
choosing more than one new member is allowed, in how many ways can the group choose?

14. We are given a number of equilateral triangles with lateral length 1 cm. They come in two
colors, yellow and blue. Three blue and one yellow triangles can be arranged to make an
equilateral triangle of lateral size 2 cm (see 1st Pattern below). Six blue and three yellow
triangles are arranged to form an equilateral triangle of lateral size 3 cm (see 2nd Pattern below).

a. How many blue triangles and yellow triangles are required in the arrangement with lateral length
6 cm?
b. If you would like to make a similar arrangement to form an equilateral triangle of lateral size 10
cm, how many blue triangles and yellow triangles are needed?
c. If you would like to make equilateral triangle of lateral size 20 cm, how many blue triangles and
yellow triangles are needed?

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15. We define a trapezoid as a quadrilateral, which has a pair of parallel laterals; another pair of
laterals are not parallel. In the rectangular arrangement below, there are exactly three
noncongruent trapezoids. One of them is BCIG.

d. Find the other two non-congruent trapezoids.

e. Find the other 7 trapezoids which are congruent to BCIG.
f. What is the total number of trapezoids that can be made on the arrangement (both congruent and
non-congruent, including BCIG).

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16. There are 96 distinct ways an I-tromino (1 × 3 rectangular tile) can be positioned on squares of
an 8 × 8 chessboard, along the lines of the chessboard. There are 48 vertical positions and 48
horizontal positions. (see picture).

g. In how many distinct ways can an V-tromino (see picture) be positioned on squares of the
chessboard?

h. In how many distinct ways can a T-tetramino (see picture) be positioned on squares of the
chessboard?

i. In how many distinct ways can an L-tetramino (see picture) be positioned on squares of the
chessboard?

17. Right-isosceles triangles are used to make various arrangements, so that the arrangements
contain squares, as in the following
illustrations:
1st illustration: Using two triangles, we can make
an arrangement, which contains one square:ABCD.
2nd illustration: Using four triangles, we can make
an arrangement, which contains two squares:ABEF
and BCDE.
3rd illustration: Using eight triangles, we have six
squares:ABEF,BCDE,EDIH, FEHG,BDHF and
ACIG.
j. Using 10 of such triangles, how many squares at
most can we find?
k. How about using 12 triangles?
l. How about using 18 triangles?
m. How about using 24 triangles?

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18. Popon is to deliver newspapers along the streets in his neighborhood. He is paid by the distance
he makes, and thus the farther he makes, the higher the pay is. While he can cross any
intersection as many times as he likes, he cannot pass any street more than once ( a street is one
segment between 2 adjacent points).
For example, in a neighborhood which looks like this, Popon is to start from K and to finish at
O. To get the highest payment, he takes the longest possible route. One possibility is indicated
by 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 in the figure below.

If the neighborhood looks like the following picture, what is the longest possible route from A to
B? Trace and indicate the route by writing numbers 1,2,3,... on the streets of the route.

19. The following figures show a triangular pyramid and some of its nets.

You are given 3 sheets of graph paper to work on ( you may not use them all), and one sheet of
pink paper. You are asked to draw the largest cube net on the graph paper, such that the
cube net fits the pink paper.

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20. A pole is 156 cm high. It casts a shadow of length 234 cm. Find the length of the shadow cast
by a 104 cm-high pole.

21. The square ABCD is divided into 9 smaller squares as shown in the
figure. The perimeter of ABCD is 360 m. Find the perimeter of one
smaller square.

22. A farmer has some goats and chickens. He counts 110 legs and 76 eyes. How many goats does
he have?

23. The table shows Andi’s grades for Test 1 and Test 2 in Mathematics, Language and Science.

In which subject does he show the best improvement in terms of percentage, from Test 1 to Test
2?
24. Complete the magic square so that the vertical sums, horizontal sums
and diagonal sums are all equal.

25. Nasir draws 5 straight lines on a piece of paper. What is the maximum number of intersection
points can Nasir make?
26. Ade and Tomi are talking about money. Ade says, ”If you give me 1, 000 rupiahs, our money
will be equal”. Tomi says, ”If you give me 1, 000 rupiahs, my money will be twice as much as
your money”. How much money do they have altogether?

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27. A swimming pool is 10 m long and 4 m wide. The shallow end is 1 m deep. The bottom slopes
evenly to the other end, where it is 2 m deep. Find the volume of the pool in m3.

28. In the figure below, the number assigned to the edge connecting two circles describes the sum
of two numbers in the circles.

Fill all circles with the appropriate numbers following the above rule.

29. The figure below shows paths in a garden. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with center O. H is
the midpoint of side AB. What is the shortest way to go from H to E along the paths?

30. In a birthday party, all the children are given candies. If each child gets 5 candies, there would
be 10 candies left. If each child gets 6 candies, 2 more candies are needed. How many candies
are there?

31. A natural number has the following conditions:

* When this number is divided by 4, the remainder is 3.
* When this number is divided by 3, the remainder is 2.
* When this number is divided by 2, the remainder is 1.
Find the smallest number that satisfies the above conditions.
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32. Jones, Jennifer, Peter and Ruby are playing a game. Jones thinks of a 3-digit number without
saying out and the others guess what number it is.
* Jennifer says : ”I guess it is 765”.
* Peter says : ”I think it may be 364”.
* Ruby says : ”Hmmm.... I choose 784”.
Then Jones answers: ” Each of the numbers you guess coincides with the number in my mind in
exactly two digits.” What is this number?

33. The distance from Ani’s house to her school is 800 m. If Ani starts walking from her house at
06:35, she arrives at her school at 07:00. Ani’s running speed is five times of her walking speed.
If she wants to run to school and arrives there at 07:00, at what time must she leave her house?

34. Put the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the boxes below to make a correct sum. Use
each number exactly once.

35. The following are different views of the same cube. What is the letter on the opposite side of the
letter H?

36. The graph below shows the revenue from selling products A,B,C, and D. If the revenue from
selling the product A is 400, 000 rupiahs and the unit price of the product D is 10, 000 rupiahs,
find the number of product D sold.

37. There are three consecutive even numbers. Seven times the smallest number equals five times
the largest number. Find the sum of the three numbers.

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38. The letter in each square represents a number. The sum of the numbers is shown alongside a
row or beneath a column, with the exception of the column with an X. Find the value of X.

39. Find the smallest positive integer X such that the sum of the digits of X and of X + 1 are both
divisible by 7.

40. What is the maximum number of different triangles that can be formed
by using the points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H?

41. Find a number which satisfies the following conditions:

* The number is between 8500 and 8700.
* The sum of its digits is 21.
* The number is divisible by 4.
* The number contains different digits.

42. Four different prime numbers A, B, C, D satisfy expression A×(B×C×D−1) = 2000. Find
A+B+C+D.

43. The shaded area is bounded by two semi-circles and four quarter circles
of radius 1 cm each. Find the area of the shaded figure in cm2.

44. In the following figures, the area of each large squares is 1 cm2. The area of smaller square in
1
the 2nd figure is of the larger
4
square’s area. The area of the smallest
1
square in the 3rd figure is of the
16
largest square’s area. We continue
with this pattern. Find the area, in
cm2, of the shaded circle in the 5th
figure.
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