Multiple choice questions

Module 1

17-The zenith angle is the angle made by the sun’s rays with the ____ to a
______ surface.
(A) normal, horizontal
(B) tangent, horizontal
(C) normal, vertical
(D) tangent, vertical

28.The region where the electrons and holes diffused across the junction is called ________
a) Depletion Junction
b) Depletion region
c) Depletion space
d) Depletion boundary
Answer: b , Explanation: The region where the electrons and holes diffused across the junction is
called depletion region. It is also called as space charge region.

29.The current produce by the solar cell can be given by _________

a) IL – ID + ISh
b) IL + ID – ISh
c) IL + ID + ISh
d) IL – ID – ISh
Answer: d ,Explanation: The current produced by the solar cell can be given by I=IL -ID – ISh.
Where IL =photo generated current in amperes, ID = diode current in amperes, ISh =shunt
current in amperes.

30.Solar radiation received at any point of earth is called ______________

a) Insolation
b) Beam Radiation
c) Diffuse Radiation
d) Infrared rays
Answer: a
Explanation: Insolation is the total solar radiation received at any point on any point on the
earth’s surface. In other words insolation is the sum of the direct and diffuse radiation. More
specifically insolation is defined as the total solar radiation energy received on a horizontal
surface of unit area on the ground in unit time.

31.__________ photo voltaic devices in the form of thin films.

a) Cadmium Telluride
b) Cadmium oxide
c) Cadmium sulphide
d) Cadmium sulphate
View Answer
Answer: a Explanation: Cadmium telluride is the photo voltaic devices in the form of thin
films. Those are used to absorb and convert the sun light into electricity.
 32.The solar or photo voltaic cell converts:
a) Chemical energy to electrical energy
b) Solar radiation into electrical energy
c) Solar radiation into thermal energy
d) SolarThermal energy into electrical energy

33,Solar cells are made of:

a) Germanium
b) Silicon
c) Cadmium
d) Copper

34.Photovoltaic solar energy conversion system makes use of

a) fuel cell
b) solar cell
c) solar pond
d) none of the above.

35.The voltage of a single solar cell is

a) 0.5 V
b) 1 V
c) 1.1 V
d) 5 W.

Module 2
1.The amount of photo generated current increases slightly with increase in _________
a) Temperature
b) Photons
c) Diode current
d) Shunt current
Answer: a
Explanation: The amount of the photo generated current is slightly increased due to increase in
the temperature. If the photo generated current increases then the output current increases.

2. In what form is solar energy is radiated from the sun?

a) Ultraviolet Radiation
b) Infrared radiation
c) Electromagnetic waves
d) Transverse waves
Answer: c
Explanation: Solar energy is radiated from the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves of
shorter wavelength of 0.2 to 0.4 micrometers. Out of all the solar energy radiations reaching the
earth’s atmosphere, 8% is ultraviolet radiation, 40% is visible range light and 46% is by
infrared radiation.

3. An inverter _____________________________________.
a) Changes AC power to DC power.
 b) Changes DC power to AC power.
c) Reduces the power
d) Changes DC to DC

4.Doping a semiconductor to improve its conductivity means:

a) adding elements with 3 valence electrons
b) adding silicon or germanium to the semiconductor
c) adding group 3 and group 5 elements
d) adding elements with 5 valence electrons

5. A stand-alone solar power plant consists of

a) Solar photovoltaic panels
b) Storage batteries
c) Charge controllers
d) All of the above

6 PV characteristic of solar cell depends on

a) Temperture
b) Solar insolation
c) Charge controllers
d) Battery

7. A module is a -----------
a) newly installed solar cell
e) parallel arrangement of solar cells
b) a series arrangement of solar cells
c) none of the above.

Module 3
1 The function of a solar collector is to convert.......
a) Solar Energy into Electricity
b) B. Solar Energy radiation
c) C. Solar Energy thermal energy
d) D. Solar Energy mechanical energy
Ans C. Solar Energy thermal energy

2-Maximum efficiency is obtained in

a) Flat plate collector
b) Evacuated tube collector
c) Line focussing collector
d) Paraboloid dish collector

3. Reflecting mirrors used for exploiting solar energy are called........

a) Mantle
b) Ponds
c) Diffusers
d) Heliostats
Answer D. Heliostats

4. Wind power is linearly proportional to which one of the following term?

a) Wind Speed
b) (Wind Speed)2
c) (Wind Speed)3
d) (Wind Speed)4

5. Maximum wind energy available is proportional to:

a) Air density
b) Cube of wind velocity
c) Square of the rotor diameter
d) All the above

6. The kinetic energy per unit volume is given by where ρ is the density of the air and v is the
velocity of wind in m/sec
a) 0.5xρxV2
b) ρxV2
c) 2xρxV2
d) 4xρxV2
Ans – a

7.Winds having following speed are suitable to operate wind turbines.

a) 5 – 25m/s
b) 10 – 35m/s
c) 20 – 45m/s
d) 30 – 55m/s

8. The Nacelle of windmill turbine houses

a) Gearbox
b) Brakes
c) Generator
d) All of the above

9. Ways we utilize energy from the sun include:

a) passive solar heating.
b) photovoltaics.
c) wind power
d) All of the above.

10. Wind energy is harnessed as ______ energy with the help of windmill or turbine.
a) Mechanical
b) Solar
c) Electrical
d) Heat

8. Turbines blades have ____ type cross section to extract energy from wind.
a) Aerofoil
b) Elliptical
c) Rectangular
d) All of the above

9. A simple wind turbine consists of three main parts,

a) the blades,
b) mechanical transmission system
c) generator
d) all of the above

10 Horizontal axis wind turbine, kinetic energy of wind is converted into mechanical energy
is due to ,
a) lift force ,
b) centrifugal force
c) drag force
d) all of the above

11.Material used for blades of horizontal axis wind turbine

a) Glass
b) Glass reinforced plastic
c) plastic
d) Carbon

12 .design of blades of wind turbine is depends on following factors

a) Number of blades
b) Diameter of blades
c) Material used for blades
d) All of the above

13 A rotor installed in a fixed orientation with the swept area perpendicular to the pre
dominate wind direction is called ______
a) Nacelle
b) Yaw fixed machines
c) Blades
d) Anemometer

14 In which part do we find sensors and actuators?

a) Fixed gears
b) Turbines
c) Control systems
d) Blades

15 A wind turbine designed too to come into operation at a minimum wind speed is called ---
a) Cut in velocity
b) Windward
c) Cut out velocity
d) Upwind location

16 .Which type of wind turbine has better performance?

a) Vertical type
b) Darrieus type machines
c) Magnus effect rotor
d) Horizontal type

17.Which is the wind direction showing device that spins perpendicularly?

a) Wind socks
 b) Weather vane
c) Pin wheels
d) Anemometers

18. Which type of axis does a Savonius Rotor has?

a) Horizontal axis
b) Mediolateral axis
c) Vertical axis
d) Lateral Axis

19-The collection efficiency of Flat plate collector can be improved by

(A) putting a selective coating on the plate
(B) evacuating the space above the absorber plate
(C) both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

Module 4
1. Obvious choice of Electrical generator for wind energy conversion system is
a) Synchronous generator
b) Induction Generator
c) DC generator
d) Permanent magnet synchronous generator

2. Type I Wind Turbine Generator.

a) Squirrel-cage Induction generator
b) Permanent magnet synchronous generator
c) Synchronous Generator
d) All of the above

3. Type II Wind Turbine Generator.

a) Permanent magnet synchronous generator
b) Synchronous Generator
c) All of the above
d) Wound rotor induction generators

4. Type III Wind Turbine Generator

a) Doubly Fed Induction Generator
b) Synchronous Generator
c) Wound rotor induction generators
d) None of the above

5. For low speed direct drive wind turbine generators the permanent magnet generator is more
competitive because
a) it can have higher pole number of 60
b) excitation implementation with permanent magnets is simpler,
c) more durable
d) All of the above

6. Induction generator are also known as

a) Asynchronous generator
b) Permanent magnet generator
c) Switched Reluctance Generators
d) None of the above

7. Slip of Induction generator is

a) Positive
b) zero
c) negative
d) unknown

8. wind energy system can be greatly enhanced with the use of a full-capacity power converter
the generators have all found applications in this type of configuration
a) Squirrel cage induction generators and wound rotor synchronous generators,
b) permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG)
c) none of the above
d) both (a) and (b)

Module 5

1.All of the following are electrical mechanical storage systems except

a) Pumped hydro-system
b) Torsion bar system
c) Super-conducting coils
d) Kinetic flywheels.

2. Batteries used for electrical energy storage are

a) Laclanche cells
b) Edison cells
c) Lead acid cells
d) Any of the above.
b)
3.

4. MPPT stands for

a) Maximum peak point tracking
b) Minimum peak point tracking
c) Maximum power point tracking
d) Minimum power point tracking
5. A photocell has a short circuit current of 25 mA, an open circuit voltage of 0.6 V and a
maximum power output of 12 mW. What is its fill factor?\
a) 50%
b) 65%
c) 85%
d) 95%

6. The best form of large scale energy storage

a) Flywheels
b) Supercapacitors
c) Pumped hydro and Compressed Air Energy storage
d) All of the above

7. The buck converter is step down converter

a) step down converter
b) step up converter
c) one to one converter
d) All of the above

8. MPPT methods for PV are

a) Incremental conductance
b) P and O
c) Direct MPPT control method
d) All of the above

9. In DFIG based WECS , rotor side converter control----

a) torque or active power of the generator
b) DC-link voltage
c) AC-side reactive power
d) DC-power

10.Speed range of the DFIG wind energy system is around----

a) ±35%, which is 30% above and 20% below synchronous speed
b) ±30%, which is 30% above and 30% below synchronous speed
c) ±20%, which is 30% above and 30% below synchronous speed
d) ±30%, which is 30% above and 35% below synchronous speed

11.A smart metering system is built with---

a) smart meters, control devices and a communication link
b) Electromechanical meters, control devices
c) Sensors and communication link
d) Sensors Electromechanical meters, control devices and a communication link
12 The boost converter is step down converter
e) step down converter
f) step up converter
g) one to one converter
h) All of the above