Waste disposal-

Introduction
Water supply and
waste disposal
#Lecture 7
 Waste disposal
• After the water that is made available from a well executed water supply
project gets consumed, it has to be suitably disposed off.
• Other wastes from the society also needs to be suitably disposed off at
suitable places to protect public health.
 TYPES OF WASTE- refuse

• The term refuse is used to indicate what is rejected or left as

worthless. It is divided into five categories-
TYPES OF WASTE:-
GARBAGE Dry refuse, includes decayed organic matter such
as fruits, vegetables, leaves, paper etc.

SULLAGE Waste water from bath, kitchen which doesn’t

cause bad smell

SEWAGE Liquid waste from WC, urinals, sullage

STORM WATER Rain water

SUBSOIL WATER Ground water

 sewage
• Includes liquid waste from community and it includes sullage, discharge from
toilets, industrial waste and storm water.
• Combined sewage- indicates combination of sanitary sewage and storm water
with or without industrial waste.
• Crude or raw sewage- untreated sewage
• Dilute or weak sewage- this term is used for sewage that contains less suspended
solid matter.
• Domestic or sanitary sewage- sewage derived from residential or institutions. It
may or may not contain storm water.
• Dry weather flow- indicates normal flow of sewage during dry season of year.
• Fresh sewage- sewage that has been recently produced
• Industrial sewage- industrial wastes are predominant
• Septic sewage- sewage that is undergoing treatment process
• Wet weather flow- indicates normal flow of sewage during rainy season of the
year.
Other terms

• SEWER:- Underground drains which carries sewage

• SEWERAGE:- Entire science/process of collection and carrying

• RUBBISH:- Solid waste- paper, furniture etc.

• TYPES OF PIPE CARRYING WASTE:-

• Soil pipe:- Urinals and water closet

• Waste pipe:-Bathroom, kitchen and sink

• Vent pipe:- Used for ventilation

 WASTE WATER
• WASTE WATER
• Sewage, storm water, and water that has been used for various purposes around the
community.
• Wastewater can harm public health and the environment.
• Most communities generate wastewater from both residential and non residential sources
• WASTE WATER SOURCES
• Domestic wastewater: residence (kitchen, bathroom) human waste and washwater from
houses (homes)
• Institutional wastewater: human waste and washwater from public buildings and
commercial establishments
• Industrial wastewater: requires special treatment used water from manufacturing
processes contains different chemical compounds
• Municipal wastewater: mixture of domestic and industrial wastewater
• Agricultural wastewater: dung from keeping animals
• Stormwater: surface runoff caused by rainfall carries organics, suspended and dissolved
solids, etc.
Sanitary works is divided in to 2 parts:-
1. Collection work:-
a. Conservancy and:- Dry system used in ancient times
b. Water carriage system:- Modern method, water used for collection and conveyance/
transport of sewage
2.Treatment work- STP, primary treatment secondary treatment etc.
3. Disposal work

LANDFILLING

INCINERATION

COMPOSTING

PLOUGHING IN FIELD

FERMENTATION

DISPOSAL OF REFUSE
Conservancy system
 DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD DRAINAGE- CONSERVANCY SYSTEM

HOUSEHOLD
GARBAGE

WET WASTE
DRY WASTE (BIODEGRABLE)
(NON STORM WATER AND SULLAGE
BIODEGRADABLE)

1. RECYCLABLE NATURAL STREAMS, COMPOSTING

2. NON RECYCLABLE RIVERS BY CLOSED
3. HAZARDOUS OR OPEN CHANNELS

RECYCLABLE NON RECYCLABLE HAZARDOUS

1. REUSE 1. FLAMMABLE- BURNT 1. DISPOSAL OF BULBS,
2. RECYCLE 2. INFLAMMABLE- LANDFILLS BATTERIES
3. REDUCE THE WASTE 3. SULLAGE NOT VERY
HARMFULL- DISPOSED TO
NATURAL STREAMS

FLAMMBLE NON -FLAMMBLE LANDFILLS

 Trucks for collection of waste

Flammable materials are burnt Inflammable materials are buried Disposed to natural rivers/streams

Used as a manure
Disadvantages of conservancy system
Water carriage system
System of sewerage- separate, combined,
partially separate
sewers
stp

• Self cleansing velocity

• Non scouroing velocity
• Design of sewers ch 21