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Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory

Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as
engineer's beam theory or classical beam
theory)[1] is a simple method to calculate bending of
beams when a load is applied. This applies to small
deflections (how far something moves) of a beam
without considering effects of shear deformations.
Therefore, it can be considered a special case of the
Timoshenko beam theory. It was first introduced
around 1750.[2] It gained popularity during the
development of the Eiffel Tower and the Ferris wheel in
the late 19th century. After that, it was used in many A vibrating glass beam showing the bending of
beams which can be estimated using Euler-
engineering fields including mechanical engineering
Bernoulli's beam theory.
and civil engineering. Although other advanced
methods have been developed, the Euler-Bernoulli
beam theory is still widely used because of its simplicity.

History
Leonhard Euler and Daniel Bernoulli were the
first to put together the theory in 1750.[3] At
the time, science and engineering were viewed
differently than today. Mathematical theories
such as the Euler-Bernoulli Beam theory were
not trusted for practical engineering use.
Bridges and buildings continued to be designed
using the same methods until the late 19th
century. This is when the Eiffel Tower and
Ferris wheel showed the validity of the theory
on a larger scale.
Drawing of a cross section of a bent beam showing the
Static beam equation neutral axis

The Euler–Bernoulli equation describes the

relationship between the beam's deflection and the applied load is as shown below:[4]

Where describes the deflection of the beam in the direction at some position . is a
distributed load, in other words a force per unit length (analogous to pressure being a force per area);
it may be a function of , , or other variables.

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References
1. Timoshenko, S., (1953), History of strength
of materials, McGraw-Hill New York
2. Truesdell, C., (1960), The rational
mechanics of flexible or elastic bodies
1638-1788, Venditioni Exponunt Orell
Fussli Turici.
3. Seon M. Han, Haym Benaroya and Timothy
Wei (March 22, 1999) (PDF). Dynamics of
Transversely Vibrating Beams using four
Engineering Theories (http://csxe.rutgers.e
du/research/vibration/51.pdf). final version.
Academic Press. Bending of an Euler–Bernoulli beam. Each cross-section
http://csxe.rutgers.edu/research/vibration/5 of the beam is at 90 degrees to the neutral axis.
1.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
4. Gere, J. M. and Timoshenko, S. P., 1997,
Mechanics of Materials, PWS Publishing Company.

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