Comparative Study on Seismic Analysis of G+3 Residential

Building by Equivalent Static Load Method and Dynamic

Analysis.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment

of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted by
BIKRAM SINGH(CIB15002)
SUMAN HAZARIKA(CIB15005)
MRINMOY DUTTA(CIB15011)
TUSHAR RANJAN(CIB15036)
SHRISTI KUMARI(CIB15040)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

TEZPUR UNIVERSITY
TEZPUR
 TEZPUR UNIVERSITY
(A Central University)
Department of Civil Engineering
Napaam, Dist: Sonitpur, Pin – 784028, Assam, India.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this department has examined the report entitled “Comparative Study on Seismic
Analysis of G+3 Residential Building by Equivalent Static Load Method and Dynamic Analysis”
and hereby accord or approve of it as a study carried out and presented in a manner required for its
acceptance and partial fulfilment for the Bachelor Degree (Civil Engineering) for which it has been
submitted by-

Bikram Singh (CIB15002)

Suman Hazarika (CIB15005)

Mrinmoy Dutta (CIB15011)

Tushar Ranjan (CIB15036)

Shristi Kumari (CIB15040)

This approval does not necessarily accept every statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion
drawn as recorded in the thesis. It only signifies the acceptance of this thesis for which it has been
submitted.

Tezpur University Mr. Debaraj Bailung Sonowal

December, 2018. Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Tezpur University
Tezpur: 784028, Assam, India.

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 TEZPUR UNIVERSITY
(A Central University)
Department of Civil Engineering
Napaam, Dist: Sonitpur, Pin – 784028, Assam, India.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work contained in the report entitled “Comparative Study on Seismic
Analysis of G+3 Residential Building by Equivalent Static Load Method and Dynamic Analysis”
submitted by Bikram Singh (CIB15002), Suman Hazarika (CIB15005), Mrinmoy Dutta (CIB15011),
Tushar Ranjan (CIB15036) and Shristi Kumari (CIB15040) to the Department of Civil Engineering,
Tezpur University for the partial fulfilment of degree in Bachelor of Technology has been carried out
under my guidance and supervision.

Tezpur University Mr. Debaraj Bailung Sonowal

December, 2018. Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Tezpur University
Tezpur: 784028, Assam, India.

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 TEZPUR UNIVERSITY
(A Central University)
Department of Civil Engineering
Napaam, Dist: Sonitpur, Pin – 784028, Assam, India.

STATEMENT

We do hereby declare that the data reported in this project is the result of data obtained from the
software SAP2000 and the manual calculations carried out by us in the Department of Civil
Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam. This Project Report is being submitted towards the
partial fulfilment of the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering by Tezpur
University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, India as a part of the course curriculum.

We further declare that this project or any part of it has not been submitted for any other degree or
diploma to any other University/Institute.

Tezpur University
December, 2018.

Bikram Singh Suman Hazarika Mrinmoy Dutta

(CIB15002) (CIB15005) (CIB15011)

Tushar Ranjan Shristi Kumari

(CIB15036) (CIB15040)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to thank our supervisor Mr. Debaraj Bailung Sonowal (Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering) Tezpur University for his sheer guidance and constant support
throughout the project. We are highly grateful to him for patiently checking our progress time to time.
We are also very much grateful to all the faculty members and technical staffs of department of Civil
Engineering, Tezpur University for their constant support, encouragement and valuable suggestions.
Finally, we would like to thank our friends who helped us during difficult times, supported us in every moment,
encouraged us for every decision and corrected us for every foreseen mistake.

Bikram Singh Suman Hazarika Mrinmoy Dutta

(CIB15002) (CIB15005) (CIB15011)

Tushar Ranjan Shristi Kumari

(CIB15036) (CIB15040)

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 ABSTRACT

Structures that were constructed in old days were constructed based on previous experiences. Size of
the structural members like columns and beams were generally taken large so that the structure lies in
the safe zone. This resulted in safe, but very uneconomic structure. Now-a-days it has become
necessary to design a safe as well as economic structure.

In this project we have selected a frame of the building which has maximum loading i.e the critical
frame, analyzed it for dead and live loads using Kani’s method, performed dynamic analysis for the
same frame using response spectrum method (by the help of SAP2000) to calculate lateral forces and
further carried out the analysis of lateral forces using portal frame method.

The load combinations of the dead, live and earthquake loads are taken and every member of the frame
is designed for the maximum forces. The design is carried out using IS 456:2000 obeying the ductility
detailing of IS 13920:2016

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ix
CHAPTERS:
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. FRAME PLAN AND LOADING DATA 3
3. LOAD ANALYSIS OF THE CRITICAL FRAME 6
3.1 Dead Load calculation 6
3.2 Live Load calculation 8
3.3 Earthquake load calculation using EQUIVALENT STATIC LATERAL FORCE method 10
3.4 Calculation of lateral load for EQ analysis by RESPONSE SPECTRA method using
SAP2000v20 13
3.5 Comparison of the lateral force obtained by ESLF and SAP2000 21
4. ANALYSIS RESULTS BY KANI’S AND PORTAL FRAME METHOD 22
5. ANALYSIS USING SAP2000v20 28
5.1 Beginning a new model 28
5.2 Defining material and section 29
5.3 Assigning of frame element 29
5.4 Defining load pattern, load case and load combinations 29
5.5 Assigning joint restraints 30
5.6 Assigning load 30
5.7 Analysis of frame 31
6. DESIGN OF BEAMS, COLUMNS, SLABS AND FOOTINGS 39
6.1 Design of beams 39
6.2 Design of columns 47
6.3 Design of slabs 56
6.4 Design of footings 62
CONCLUSION 69
REFERENCE 70

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
Ag : Gross cross sectional area of column, wall
Ab : Area of steel at bottom,
Ak : Design horizontal seismic coefficient for mode k
Ash : Area of cross section of hoop reinforcement bars
Ast : Area of tensile steel
At : Area of steel at top
Ab : Area of steel at bottom
bf : Effective width of flange
b : Width of member
d : Effective depth of member
D : Total depth
e : Eccentricity
Es : Elastic modulus of steel
Ef : Elastic modulus of frame material
Em : Elastic modulus of masonry wall
F : Lateral force at each storey

fck : Characteristic compressive strength of concrete

fsc : Stress in compression of steel

fy : Yield strength of steel
I : Importance factor
Ib : Moment of inertia of beams
Ic : Moment of inertia of columns
k : Stiffness coefficient
Kw : Frame considering the stiffness of infill
Ld : Diagonal length of strut
Mu : Design moment
Mk : Modal mass
Mu lim : Limiting moment of resistance
Mu,limAh : Hogging moment of resistance of beam at end A

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Mu,limAs : Sagging moment of resistance of beam at end A
𝑏𝐿 : Limiting moment of resistance of beam framing into column from
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚
the left
𝑏𝑅 : Limiting moment of resistance of beam framing into column from
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚
the right
Pu : Axial load
P% : Percentage of steel
Q : Design lateral force
qu : Bearing capacity of soil
R : Response reduction factor
sv : Spacing between stirrups
Τv : Nominal shear stress
τbd : Design bond stress
τc : Shear Stress in concrete
τc,max : Maximum Shear Stress in concrete
φ : Diameter of bar
Vi : Peak storey shear force
𝐷+𝐿
𝑉𝑢,𝑎 : Factored shear force demand at end A due to dead and live loads
𝐷+𝐿
𝑉𝑢,𝑏 : Factored shear force demand at end B due to dead and live loads
W : Lumped Mass at Floor level
w : Width of strut
xu : Depth of neutral axis
Z : Zone factor as per Table 2 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002

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 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure2.1 Plan of the frame 3
Figure2.2 Sectional view of the frame 3
Figure2.3 Sectional view of the frame 4
Figure3.1 Load distribution of slab on beam 6
Figure3.2 Dead load acting on the critical frame 8
Figure3.3 Live load acting on the critical frame 9
Figure3.4 Earthquake load acting on the critical frame 13
Figure3.5 Lump mass on each floor for modal analysis in SAP2000 14
Figure3.6 Deflection in mode 1 15
Figure3.7 Deflection in mode 2 16
Figure3.8 Deflection in mode 3 16
Figure3.9 Deflection in mode 4 17
Figure3.10 Mode shapes 18
Figure3.11 Comparison of lateral force obtained by ESLF method and response spectra 21
using SAP2000
Figure4.1 Critical frame considered for analysis 22
Figure5.1 Beginning a new model in SAP2000 28
Figure5.2 Assigning coordinates in SAP2000 28
Figure5.3 Assigning material property in SAP2000 29
Figure5.4 Assigned dead load in SAP2000 30
Figure5.5 Assigned live load in SAP2000 31
Figure5.6 Assigned earthquake load in SAP2000 31
Figure5.7 Deformed shape due to only dead load 32
Figure5.8 Deformed shape due to only live load 33
Figure5.9 Deformed shape due to only earthquake load 33
Figure5.10 Bending moment diagram due to only dead load 34
Figure5.11 Bending moment diagram due to only live load 34
Figure5.12 Bending moment diagram due to only earthquake load 35
Figure5.13 Shear force diagram due to only dead load 35
Figure5.14 Shear force diagram due to only live load 36
Figure5.15 Shear force diagram due to only earthquake load 36
Figure5.16 Axial force diagram due to dead load 37
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Figure5.17 Axial force diagram due to only live load 37
Figure5.18 Axial force diagram due to only earthquake load 38
Figure6.1 Reinforcement detailing for beam 17,18 and 19 46
Figure6.2 Cross-section of beam 17 at section A-A 46
Figure6.3 Cross-section of beam 17 at section B-B 46
Figure6.4 Cross-section of beam 17 at section C-C 46
Figure6.5 Cross-section of beam 18 at section A-A 47
Figure6.6 Cross-section of beam 18 at section B-B 47
Figure6.7 Cross-section of beam 18 at section C-C 47
Figure6.8 Reinforcement detailing for column 1 and 2 55
Figure6.9 Column cross-section detail for column 1 55
Figure6.10 Slab reinforcement detailing 61
Figure6.11 Pressure diagram along with plan of footing 63
Figure6.12 Detail of footing beneath column 1 68
Table3.1 Determination of design lateral load at each floor 12
Table3.2 Modal period and frequency 14
Table3.3 Modal participation factor 18
Table3.4 Modal participating mass ratio 19
Table4.1 Moment, shear and axial force acting on each member of frame 23
Table6.1 Maximum sagging and hogging moment acting on each beam 39
Table6.2 Reinforcement provided in each beam 45
Table6.3 Design of longitudinal reinforcement of exterior column 53
Table6.4 Design of longitudinal reinforcement of interior column 53
Table6.5 Reinforcement bars provided in exterior columns 54
Table6.6 Reinforcement bars provided in interior columns 54

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