Branch Mechanical

Semester V

Subject OPERATION RESEARCH

Subject Code 337556 (37)

Department of Automobile Engineering

http://www.rungta.ac.in
Session 2019-20
 UNIT - I Introduction
1 What is operation research? write the history , characteristics, stages of or, application
6
and limitation of OR.
2
What do you understand by Liner Programming? 2
3 What are the advantages of Linear Programming Methods? What are the limitations of
2
graphical method to solve the linear programming problem?
4 What are the industrial application of Linear Programming 2
5 Solve the following LPP with graphical method
Maximize 𝑍 = 8𝑥1 + 16𝑥2
Subject To
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≤ 200 6
𝑥2 ≤ 125
3𝑥1 + 6𝑥2 ≤ 900
𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ≥ 0
6 Find the maximum value of

6
8

9 Three grades of coal A, B, and C contansphosphorous and ash as impurities. In a

particular industrial process, fuel upto 100 ton (maximum) is required which should
contain ash not more than 3% and phosphorous not more than 0.03%. It is desired to
maximize the profit while satisfying thses conditions. There is an unlimited supply of
each grade. The percentage of impurities and the profits of grades are given below.
Coal Phosphorous % Ash % Profits in Rs. Per ton 14
A 0.02 3.0 12.00
B 0.04 2.0 15.00
C 0.03 5.0 14.00

10

14

11

14
12

14

13 Solve the following LPP with Big-M Method

Maximize 𝑍 = 2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥3
Subject To
3𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 ≤ 600 14
2𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 ≥ 480
2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 540
𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ≥ 0
14 Solve the following LPP Problem
Maximize𝑍 = 22𝑥1 + 30𝑥2 + 25𝑥3
Subject To
𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 ≤ 100
2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 ≤ 100 14
2𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 ≤ 100

𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ≥ 0

15 Solve the following LPP Problem

Maximize𝑍 = 2𝑥1 + 𝑥2
Subject To
4𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 ≤ 12 14
4𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≤ 8
4𝑥1 − 𝑥2 ≤ 8
𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , ≥ 0
 UNIT – II The Transportation Problems
The Assignment Problems
16 What do you understand the term transportation problem? What is the balanced and 6
unbalanced transportation problem? Define “DEGENERACY” in transportation
problem and how can it be resolved
17 Write steps to solve an ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM 2
18 Write the assumptions in the transportation problem 2
19 Determine an initial basic feasible solution to the transportation problem using North 6
West Corner Rule
TO AVAILABLE
3 4 6 8 9 20
FROM

2 10 1 5 8 30
7 11 20 40 3 15
2 1 9 14 16 13
DEMAND 40 6 8 18 6
20 SOLVE BY USING STEPPING STONE METHOD 14
A dairy firm has three plants located in a state. Daily milk production at each plant is
as follows
Plant 1 --- 6 million liters
Plant 2 --- 1 million liters
Plant 3 --- 10 million liters

Each day the firm must fulfill the needs of its four distribution centers. Milk
requirement at each center is as follows
Distribution Center 1 --- 7 million liters
Distribution Center 2 --- 5 million liters
Distribution Center 3 --- 3 million liters
Distribution Center 4 --- 2 million liters

Cost of shipping one million liters of milk from each plant to each distribution center
is given in the following table in hundreds of rupees

Distribution Centers
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 11 7
PLANTS
2 1 0 6 1
3 5 8 15 9

The dairy firm wishes to determine as to how much should be the shipment from
which milk plant to which distribution center so that the total cost of shipment is the
minimum. Determine the optimal transportation policy.
21 SOLVE BY USING MODIFIED DISTRIBUTION(MODI) or u-v METHOD 14
A dairy firm has three plants located in a state. Daily milk production at each plant is
as follows
Plant 1 --- 6 million liters
Plant 2 --- 1 million liters
Plant 3 --- 10 million liters
Each day the firm must fulfill the needs of its four distribution centers. Milk
requirement at each center is as follows
Distribution Center 1 --- 7 million liters
Distribution Center 2 --- 5 million liters
Distribution Center 3 --- 3 million liters
Distribution Center 4 --- 2 million liters
Cost of shipping one million liters of milk from each plant to each distribution center
is given in the following table in hundreds of rupees

Distribution Centers
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 11 7
PLANTS
2 1 0 6 1
3 5 8 15 9
The dairy firm wishes to determine as to how much should be the shipment from
which milk plant to which distribution center so that the total cost of shipment is the
minimum. Determine the optimal transportation policy
22 Find the optimum solution to the following transportation problem in which the cells 14
contain the transportation cost in Rupees.

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 Available
F1 7 6 4 5 9 40
F2 8 5 6 7 8 30
F3 6 8 9 6 5 20
F4 5 7 7 8 6 10
Required 30 30 15 20 5 100( total)
23 Solve the following transportation problem with North-West corner rule and Vogel’s 14
Approximation method. Table gives unit cost of transportation in Rupees.
Destination
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Capacity
O1 12 4 9 5 9 55
O2 8 1 6 6 7 45
Origin
O3 1 12 4 7 7 30
O4 10 15 6 9 1 50
Demand 40 20 50 30 40
24 A work shop has received three jobs and four machines are available to machine the 6
jobs. The machinery time in minutes is given in the table. Perform the assignment to
minimize the total time required.
MACHINES
M1 M2 M3 M4
A 18 24 28 32
JOBS
B 8 13 17 19
C 10 15 19 22

25 Solve the following Travelling Salesman problem 14

C12 = 20 ; C13 = 4 ; C14 = 10 ; C23 = 5 ; C34 = 6 ; C25 = 10 ; C35 = 6 ; C45 = 20 ;
[Cij = Cji ] ;
26 Solve the following assignment problem 14
I II III IV V
1 11 17 8 16 20
2 9 7 12 6 15
3 16 16 15 12 16
4 21 24 17 28 26
5 14 10 12 11 13

27 A company has one surplus truck in each of the cities A, B, C, D and E and on deficit 14
truck in each of the cities 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The distance between the cities in kms is
shown in the matrix below. Find the assignment of trucks from cities in surplus to
cities in deficit so that the total distance covered by vehicles is minimum.
1 2 3 4 5 6
A 12 10 15 22 18 8
B 10 18 25 15 16 12
C 11 10 3 8 5 9
D 6 14 10 13 13 12
E 8 12 11 7 13 10
 14
28 A trip from Chandigarh to Delhi takes six hours by bus. A typical table of the bus
service in both directions is given below.
Departure from Chandigarh-Delhi Service Arrival at
Chandigarh line or Route number Delhi
06.00 a 12.00
07.30 b 13.30
11.30 c 17.30
19.00 d 01.00
00.30 e 06.30

Delhi – Chandigarh Service Departure

Arrival at Chandigarh
line or Route number from Delhi
11.30 1 05.30
15.00 2 09.00
21.00 3 15.00
00.30 4 18.30
06.00 5 00.00

The cost of providing this service by the transport company depends upon the time
spent by the bus crew away from their places in addition to service times. There are
five crews. There is a constraint that every crew should be provided with more than 4
hours of rest before the return trip again and should not wait for more than 24 hpurs
for the return trip. The company has residential facilities for the crew at Chandigarh as
well as at Delhi. Suggest an optimal assignment of the crew.

29 A small garment making unit has five tailors stitching five different types of garments. 14
All the five are capable of stitching al the five types of garments. The output per day
per tailor and profit in rupees for each type of garment is given below.
 GARMENTS
Tailors 1 2 3 4 5
A 7 9 4 8 6
B 4 9 5 7 8
C 8 5 2 9 8
D 6 5 8 10 10
E 7 8 10 9 9
Profit per
2 3 2 3 4
garment
i. Which type of garment should be assigned to which tailor in order to
maximize profit assuming that there are no other constraints.
ii. If tailor D is absent for a specified period and no other substitute tailor is
available what should be the optimal assignment.
30 Solve the following transportation problem, where the cell entries are unit costs 14
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 AVAILABLE
O1 68 35 4 74 15 18
O2 57 88 91 3 8 17
O3 91 60 75 45 60 19
O4 52 53 24 7 82 13
O5 51 18 82 13 7 15
Required 16 18 20 14 14

UNIT – III Waiting Line Theory, Network Analysis

31 Explain the basic structure and different elements of queuing system. 2
32 Explain Kendall’s Notation for Queuing Models. 2
33 A typist office of a company receives on an average 20 letters per day for typing. The typist works 8 6
hours per day and it takes on an average 20 minutes to type a letter. The cost of a letter waiting to be
mailed (opportunity cost) is 80 paisa per hour and the cost of equipment and salary of the typist is
@ Rs. 45 per day. Determine
i. What is the typist utilization
ii. What is the average number of letter waiting to be typed?
iii. What is the average waiting time needed to have a letter typed?
What is the total daily cost of waiting letter to be mailed?
34 In a railway yard goods train arrive at the rate of 30 trains/day. Assuming that the inter arrival time 6
follows an exponential distribution and the service time distribution is also exponential with an
average 36 minutes. Find the average number of trains in the system and the probability that the
number of trains in the system exceeds 10.

35 A self serviced store employs one cashier at it counter. 9 customers arrive on an average every 5 14
minutes, while the cashier can serve 10 customer in 5 minutes. Assuming Poisson Distribution for
arrival rate and exponentional distribution for service time, find
i. Average number of customers in the system
ii. Average number of customers in queue or Average queue length
iii. Average time a customer spend in the system
iv. Average time a customer waits before being served.
36 A branch of PNB has only one typist. Since the typing work varies in length, the typing rate is 14
randomly distributed approximating a Poisson distribution with mean service rate of 8 letters per
hour. The letter arrives at a rate of 5 per hour during the entire 8 hours work day. If the typewriter is
valued at the rate 1.5 per hour. Determine.
i. Equipment utilization
ii. Percentage time that an arriving letter has to wait
iii. Average system time
iv. Average cost due to waiting on the part of typewriter i.e. it remaining idle
37 Workers come to tool room to receive special tools required by them for a accomplishing a 14
particular project assigned to them. Average time between two arrivals is 60 seconds and the arrival
is assumed to be in Poisson Distribution. Average service time is 40 seconds. Determine
i. Average queue length
ii. Average length of non empty queues
iii. Average number of workers in system including the worker being attended.
iv. Mean waiting time of arrival
v. Average waiting time of an arrival who waits
38 Customers arrive at a bank counter manned by a single cashier according to Poisson Distribution 14
with mean arrival rate 6 customers per hour. The cashier attends the customer on first come first
serve basis at an average rate of 10 customers per hour with the service time exponential
 distribution. Find
i. The probability of number of arrival ( 0 through 5 ) during
a) 15 minutes interval
b) 30 minutes interval
ii. The probability that the queuing system is idle
iii. The probability associated with number of customers (0 through 5 ) in the queuing
system.
iv. The time a customer should expect to send in a queue.
v. A time a customers spend before leaving the bank counter.
39 Goods truck arrives randomly at stock yard with a mean of 8 trucks per hour. A crew of 4 operatives 14
can unload a truck in 6 minutes. Trucks waiting in a queue to be unloaded are paid a waiting charge
at a rate of Rs.6 0 per hour. Operatives are paid a wage rate of Rs. 20 per hour. It is possible to
augment the crew strength to 2 or 3 ( of 4 operatives per crew) when the unloading time will be 4
minutes or 3 minutes per truck. Find the optimal crew size.
40 A project schedule has the following characteristics 14
Activity Time(weeks)
1-2 4
1-3 1
2-4 1
3-4 1
3-5 6
2-9 5
5-6 4
5-7 8
6-8 1
7-8 2
8-10 5
9-10 7
Determine
i. Compute E & L for each event & ii. Find the critical path
41 The utility data for network are given below 14
Determine the total , free , independent and interfering floats and identify the critical path
Activity Time(weeks)
 0-1 2
1-2 8
1-3 10
2-4 6
2-5 3
3-4 3
3-6 7
4-7 5
5-7 2
6-7 8
42 Consider the network shown in figure. The three time estimates of the activity are given along the 14
arrows. Determine the critical path. What is the probability that the project will be completed in 20
days

43 Consider the PERT network given in figure. Determine the float of each activity and identify the
critical path is the schedule completion time for the project is 20 weeks. Also identify the sub
critical path and slack for events
44 A project consists of a activities with the following relationship between the activities 14

A < D, E ; B, D < F ; C < G ; G < H ; F , G < I .

The duration in days to perform the activities is given below

Activity A B C D E F G H I
Duration 23 8 20 16 24 18 19 4 20
Draw the network and determine the Critical Path and the time of completion of project.
45 Activities in a new project and time estimates in days are given below. Find the probability of 14
completing the project in 38 days.

Activity 1-2 1-6 2-3 2-4 3-5 4-5 6-7 5-8 7-8
to 2 2 5 1 5 2 3 2 7
tm 5 5 11 4 11 5 9 2 13
tp 14 8 29 7 17 14 27 8 31

UNIT – IV GAME THEORY & SIMULATION

46 Define Saddle Point 2

47 What do you mean by Two Person Zero Sum Game? What are its characteristics? 4

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Monte Carlo Simulation as a problem 6
48
solving technique?

49 Define Simulation. Mention its advantages, limitations and applications 6

50 Solve the Game , where pay off matrix is given below and find the saddle point 6

-2 15 -2
-5 -6 -4
-5 20 -8
51 Solving 4 x 4 pay off matrix using dominance rule. Find out value of Game, given 14
optimal strategies’ for A and B

Player B
3 2 4 0
3 4 2 4
Player A
4 2 4 0
0 4 0 8
52 Player A and B play a game in which each has three coins a 5 paisa, a 10 paisa, a 20 14
paisa. Each player selects a coin without the knowledge of the other’s choice. If the
sum of the coins is an odd amount, A wins B’s coin. If the sum is even B wins A’s
coin. Find the best strategy for each player and the value of game.

53 In a game of matching coins, player A wins Rs.2 if there are two heads, wins noting if 14
there are two tails and losses Rs.1 when there are one head and one tail. Determine the
pay off matrix, and best strategies for each player and the value of game to player A.

54 Reduce the following game by dominance property and solve it 14

 Player B
1 2 3 4 5
I 1 3 2 7 4
Player A II 3 4 1 5 6
III 6 5 7 6 5
IV 2 0 6 3 1
55 Solve the following 2 x n game by the method of sub games. 14

Player B
B1 B2 B3
Player A A1 1 3 11
A2 8 5 2

56 Solve the following 3x3 game by the method of matrices 14

B
1 2 3
1 1 -1 -1 (-1)
A 2 -1 -1 3 (-1)
3 -1 2 -1 (-1)
(1) 2 3
57 A bakery stocks of a popular brand of cake. Daily demand based on past experience is 14
given below.

Daily Demand 0 15 25 35 45 50
Probability 0.01 0.15 0.20 .050 0.12 0.02
Consider the following sequence of random number

48, 78, 09, 51, 56, 77, 15, 14, 68, and 09.

i. Using the sequencing, simulate the demand for the next 10 days.
ii. Find the stock situation if the owner of the bakery decides to make 35
cakes every day. Also estimate the daily demand for the cakes on the
 basis of the simulated data.

58 A company manufactures around 200 mopeds. Depending upon the availability of raw 14
materials and other condition, the daily production has been varying from 196 mopeds
to 204 mopeds, whose probability distribution is as given below.

Production 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204
per day
Probability 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.20 0.15 0.11 0.08 0.06
The finished moped are transported in a specially designed three storeyed lorry that
can accommodate only 200 mopeds. Using the following 15 random numbers

82, 89, 78, 24, 53, 61, 18, 45, 04, 23, 50, 77, 27, 54, 10.

Simulate the process to find out

i. What will be the average number of mopeds waiting in the factory?

ii. What will be the number of empty spaces in the lorry?

59 A dentist schedules all her patients for 30 minutes appointments. Some of the patients 14
take more or less than 30 minutes depending upon the type of dental work to be done.
The following summary shows the various categories of work, their probability and
the time needed to complete the work.

Category Time Required in minutes Probability of category

Filling 45 0.40
Crown 60 0.15
Cleaning 15 0.15
Extraction 45 0.10
Check up 15 0.20
Simulate the dentist’s clinic for four hours and determine the average waiting time for
the patients as well as the idleness for doctor. Assume that all the patients shows up at
the clinic at exactly their scheduled arrival times, starting at 8 am. Use the following
random numbers for handling the above problem
 40, 82, 11, 34, 25, 66, 17, 79.

60 The occurrence of rain in the city on a day is dependent up on whether or not it rained 14
on the previous day. If it rained on the previous day, the rain distribution is given by

Event Probability
No Rain 0.50
1 cm rain 0.25
2 cm rain 0.15
3cm rain 0.05
4 cm rain 0.03
5 cm rain 0.02
If it did not rain the previous day, the rain distribution is given by

Event Probability
No Rain 0.75
1 cm rain 0.15
2 cm rain 0.06
3cm rain 0.04
Simulate the cities weather for 10 days and determine by simulation the total days
without rain as well as the total rainfall during the period. Using the following random
numbers for simulation

67, 63, 39, 55, 29, 78, 70, 06, 78, 76.

Assume that for the first day of the simulation it had not rained the day before.